CN104487988A - 包含交联聚合物组合物的信息承载卡及其制造方法 - Google Patents

包含交联聚合物组合物的信息承载卡及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104487988A
CN104487988A CN201380026495.9A CN201380026495A CN104487988A CN 104487988 A CN104487988 A CN 104487988A CN 201380026495 A CN201380026495 A CN 201380026495A CN 104487988 A CN104487988 A CN 104487988A
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information
carrying card
card according
polymer composition
layer
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CN104487988B (zh
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马克·A·考克斯
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X Card Holdings LLC
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X Card Holdings LLC
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Abstract

本发明提供了可交联的聚合物组合物、包含该交联组合物的用于信息承载卡的芯层、所得的信息承载卡及其制造方法。可交联的聚合物组合物包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。所述基础聚合物树脂选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、尿烷、丙烯酸酯、硅酮和环氧树脂组成的组。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、其化合物或共混物。

Description

包含交联聚合物组合物的信息承载卡及其制造方法
本申请要求2012年10月9日递交的U.S.申请13/647,982号和2012年4月3日递交的U.S.临时申请61/619,700号的权益,所述申请清楚地通过引用其全文并入本文。
技术领域
所述公开内容涉及信息承载卡如智能卡。更具体地,所述公开主题涉及一种聚合物组合物、包含该组合物的信息承载卡以及制造所述卡的方法。
背景技术
信息承载卡提供了识别、认证、数据储存和应用处理。该类卡或零件包括钥匙卡、身份证、电话卡、信用卡、银行卡、标记卡、条形码条、其它智能卡等。伴随着传统塑料卡的伪造和信息诈骗,造成每年上百亿美元的损失。作为响应,信息承载卡正变得“更智能”以提高安全性。智能卡技术提供了防止欺诈和降低所导致的损失的解决方案。
信息承载卡通常包括包埋在热塑性材料如聚氯乙烯(PVC)中的集成电路(IC)。在交易之前,信息已经输入并储存在集成电路中。使用中,信息承载卡以“接触”或“非接触”的模式工作。在接触模式中,卡上的电子组件直接接触读卡器或其它信息接收器件以建立电磁耦合。在非接触模式中,卡与读卡器件之间的电磁耦合通过远程电磁作用建立,无需物理接触。将信息输入信息承载卡的IC中的过程也是以这两种模式之一工作。
当信息承载卡变得“更智能”时,每个卡中储存的信息量通常会增加,且埋入的IC的复杂性也会增加。所述卡也需要承受挠曲以保护敏感的电子组件不受损害以及在使用过程中提供良好的耐久性。具有以低成本提高的生产力的相对容易和完全商业的方法也是所希望的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种可交联的聚合物组合物、包含该交联组合物的用于信息承载卡的芯层、由包含该交联组合物的用于信息承载卡的所述芯层形成的信息承载卡及其制造方法。
在有些实施方案中,可交联的聚合物组合物包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。该基础聚合物树脂选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和尿烷组成的组。丙烯酸酯的实例包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸酯。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、包含PVC或氯乙烯共聚物的化合物或共混物、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。在有些实施方案中,所述氯乙烯共聚物中的所述至少另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。所述可交联的聚合物组合物可以进一步包含至少一种固化剂。
在其它实施方案中,可交联的聚合物组合物包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和包含氯乙烯和至少另一种单体的共聚物的颗粒状的热塑性填料。所述至少另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。所述可固化的基础聚合物选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、酯丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、硅酮、尿烷和环氧树脂组成的组。丙烯酸酯的实例包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸酯。该可交联的聚合物组合物可以进一步包含至少一种固化剂。该类组合物在固化反应之后转变成交联聚合物组合物。
在又一个实施方案中,用于信息承载卡的芯层包含交联聚合物组合物,其包含基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。该基础聚合物树脂选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、硅酮、尿烷和环氧树脂组成的组。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、包含PVC或氯乙烯共聚物的化合物或共混物、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。用于信息承载卡的芯层可以进一步包含嵌入层,所述嵌入层具有至少一个有源或无源电子组件,例如集成电路(IC)。在有些实施方案中,所述交联聚合物组合物直接与嵌入层上的所述至少一个IC接触。在另外的实施方案中,信息承载卡包含如上所述的芯层和交联聚合物组合物。
本发明提供了用于形成信息承载卡的芯层的方法。在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括如下步骤:形成具有至少一个孔洞的第一热塑性层、将印刷线路板(PCB)的嵌入层部分或完全沉积到所述至少一个孔洞中和将可交联的聚合物组合物分配在所述至少一个孔洞内的嵌入层上。在有些实施方案中,该方法中使用的所述可交联的聚合物组合物包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。在其它实施方案中,制造芯层的方法进一步包括用速干胶将嵌入层固定在第一热塑性层上。在进一步的实施方案中,制造芯层的方法进一步包括在预定温度下在压力下加热所述层结构的步骤。
本发明还提供了用于制造信息承载卡的方法,其包括形成本发明的所述信息承载卡的芯层。所述方法可以进一步包含在所述卡的芯层的每一面热层压可印刷的热塑性膜和透明的热塑性膜。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读时,由下面的详细描述可以最好地理解本发明的内容。要强调的是:根据惯例,附图的各种特征不必按比例。在有些情况下,为了清楚,各种特征的尺寸是任意扩大或减小的。在整个说明书和附图中,同样的数字表示同样的特征。
图1-6说明了根据有些实施方案在形成信息承载卡的芯层的示例性方法中在不同步骤的层状结构的横截面视图。
图1说明了第一隔离膜的横截面视图。
图2说明了在图1的第一隔离膜上设置的第二隔离膜的横截面视图。
图3说明了在图2的两个隔离膜上设置的具有至少一个孔洞的第一热塑性层的截面视图。
图4是在嵌入层部分或完全地设置在图3的所述第一热塑性层中之后各层的横截面视图。
图5是在可交联的聚合物组合物分配在孔洞内的嵌入层上之后图4的各层的横截面视图。
图6是在图5的各层上放置了第三和第四隔离膜之后所得各层的横截面视图。
图7是流程图,其说明了根据有些实施方案形成信息承载卡的芯层的示例性方法。
图8是信息承载卡的示例性芯层的横截面视图,所述卡根据图1-6中的结构和图7中的步骤制造。
图9是根据有些实施方案的信息承载卡的示例性芯层的横截面视图,所述卡具有用于嵌入体的完全开放的孔洞。
图10是图9的信息承载卡的示例性芯层的俯视图。
图11是根据有些实施方案的信息承载卡的示例性芯层的横截面视图,所述卡具有接近于嵌入体大小的开放的嵌入体孔洞。
图12是图11的信息承载卡的示例性芯层的俯视图。
图13是根据有些实施方案的信息承载卡的示例性芯层的横截面视图,所述卡具有部分用于嵌入体的窗口孔洞。
图14是图13的信息承载卡的示例性芯层的俯视图。
图15-18说明了根据有些实施方案使用速干胶用于将示例性嵌入层固定在热塑性层上的示例性方法。
图15是根据有些实施方案的示例性嵌入层的俯视图。
图16说明了在切割之后在其支持层上带有孔的图15的示例性嵌入层的俯视图。
图17说明了在热塑性层上设置的图16的示例性嵌入层的俯视图。
图18说明了根据有些实施方案图17的示例性嵌入层的俯视图,所述层使用速干胶固定在所述热塑性层上。
图19是流程图,其说明了根据有些实施方案将嵌入层固定在热塑性层上的示例性方法。
图20-24说明了根据有些实施方案在制造示例性信息承载卡的示例性方法的不同步骤的层结构的横截面视图。
图20是透明膜的横截面视图。
图21是在图20的透明膜上设置的可印刷膜的横截面视图。
图22是在图21的两个膜上设置示例性的芯层之后层结构的横截面视图。
图23是在图22的层结构上设置了第二可印刷膜之后所得层结构的横截面视图。
图24是在图23的层结构上设置了第二透明膜之后所得层结构的横截面视图。
图25是流程图,其说明了制造示例性信息承载卡的示例性方法。
图26是示意图,其说明了根据有些实施方案在示例性的制造方法过程中用于多个信息承载卡的示例性芯层结构。
具体实施方式
示例性实施方案的描述旨在结合所述附图阅读,所述附图被认为是整个书面说明书的一部分。在所述说明书中,有关的术语如“下部的”、“上部的”、“水平的”、“垂直的”、“以上”、“以下”、“上”、“下”、“顶部”和“底部”以及其衍生词(例如,“水平地”、“向下地”、“向上地”等)应当解释为是指如当时描述的或如讨论的附图中所示的方向。这些有关的术语是为了描述方便并不要求构成任何装置或在特定的方向操作。关于连接、耦合等的术语,如“连接的”和“互相连接的”指的是其中各结构直接或间接地通过插入结构以及可移动的或刚性连接或关联而固定或相互连接,除非另外明确说明。
为简便起见,除非另外明确声明,贯穿此说明书中的“信息承载卡”或“智能卡”旨在包括至少钥匙卡、身份证、电话卡、信用卡、银行卡、电源卡、标记卡、条形码条和包含集成电路(IC)的任何零件等。“信息承载卡”或“智能卡”还包括各种形状,包括但不限于长方形片、圆形片、条、棒和环。“信息承载卡”或“智能卡”还包括“接触”和“非接触”模式的任何信息承载卡。“信息承载卡”或“智能卡”还包括具有或不具有主板上电源的任何信息承载卡。包含电源的信息承载卡也称为“电源卡”。
1.可交联的聚合物组合物:
根据本发明形成的可交联的聚合物组合物通常包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。所述基础聚合物树脂可以选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、酯丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和尿烷组成的组。所述丙烯酸酯可以是甲基丙烯酸酯。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。所述颗粒状热塑性填料可以是包含热塑性树脂的化合物或共混物,例如包含PVC或氯乙烯共聚物的化合物或共混物。所述氯乙烯共聚物中的所述至少另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。
所述基础聚合物树脂可以是具有官能团的低聚物或预聚物。所述基础聚合物可以是在常规固化条件,包括但不限于加热、辐射如紫外(UV)光、湿气和其它合适的条件下可交联的。所述基础聚合物可以是液体或糊状。其粘度可以在1-100,000cps的范围内。在有些实施方案中,所述基础聚合物树脂是尿烷丙烯酸酯。这些聚合物树脂可从专门的化学品供应商容易地得到。这些供应商的例子包括但不限于Torrington的Dymax Corporation,Exton的CT和Sartomer USA,LLC,PA。
适合于本发明的颗粒状热塑性填料可以是在加热时将熔融的任何聚合物。热塑性填料的实例包括但不限于聚烯烃、PVC、聚酯、共聚物、三元共聚物等。提供适当结果的粉末状聚合物可以是包含PVC或改性的PVC的化合物或共混物。所述颗粒状热塑性填料的一个合适的实例包含氯乙烯和至少另一种单体的共聚物,所述另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。氯乙烯与所述至少另一种单体的比率可以是任何比率。该共聚物的实例由Dow ChemicalCompany以商品名UCARTM和由德国Ludwigshafen的BASF以商品名LaroflexTM可得。UCARTM是氯乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物。所述等级包括YYNS-3、VYHH和VYHD。LaroflexTM是氯乙烯和乙烯基异丁基醚的共聚物。所述等级包括MP25、MP 35、MP45和MP60。所有这些聚合物树脂通常以细粉末的形式供应。热塑性填料的一个实例是用氯乙烯和至少另一种单体如乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚的共聚物改性的PVC。在该实例中,PVC与所述共聚物的比率可以在99:1-1:99范围内,且在有些实施方案中在95:5-80:20范围内。
颗粒状热塑性填料可通过一种或多种相应的单体悬浮聚合或乳液聚合或通过固体塑料粉碎得到。所述固体聚合物的粉碎可以通过机械方法、冷冻研磨法、溶液法或任何其它合适的方法完成。所述颗粒形式可以是示例且不限制的任何大小;所述颗粒可以在0.5-200微米范围内。在有些实施方案中,所述颗粒在1-1000nm范围内。
基于聚合物化学的一般原则,所述可交联的聚合物组合物可以进一步包含至少一种固化剂。在有些实施方案中,所述组合物包含双重固化机理。例如,所述可交联的组合物包含用于热固化的第一固化剂和用于辐射固化的第二固化剂。在所述固化或交联反应过程中,该可交联的组合物转变为固体交联的聚合物组合物。该交联聚合物组合物在本领域也称为“热固的”聚合物或“热固性的”以将其与热塑性聚合物区别开来。在有些实施方案中,所述可交联的聚合物组合物包含约20重量%-约99.5重量%的范围,且优选在约50重量%-约95重量%范围内的基础聚合物。所述可交联的聚合物组合物通常包含约0.5重量%-约80重量%的范围,且优选在约5重量%-约50重量%范围内的颗粒状热塑性填料。在有些实施方案中,所述可交联的聚合物组合物包含约65重量%-约99.5重量%的范围,且优选在约80重量%-约95重量%范围内的基础聚合物。所述可交联的聚合物组合物通常包含约0.5重量%-约35重量%的范围,且优选在约5重量%-约20重量%范围内的颗粒状热塑性填料。
在有些实施方案中,可交联的聚合物组合物包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和包含氯乙烯和至少另一种单体的共聚物的颗粒状的热塑性填料。所述至少另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。热塑性填料的一个实例是用氯乙烯和至少另一种单体如乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚的共聚物改性的PVC。PVC与所述共聚物的比率可以在99:1-1:99范围内,且在有些实施方案中在95:5-80:20范围内。所述可固化的基础聚合物选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、酯丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、硅酮、丙烯酸酯、尿烷和环氧树脂组成的组。所述基础聚合物树脂可以是具有官能团的低聚物或预聚物。所述基础聚合物可以是在常规固化条件,包括但不限于加热、辐射如紫外(UV)光、湿气和其它合适的条件下可交联的。所述基础聚合物可以是液体或糊状。其粘度可以在1-100,000cps的范围内。在有些实施方案中,优选官能性丙烯酸酯如尿烷丙烯酸酯。在其它实施方案中,所述基础聚合物树脂可以是环氧树脂、硅酮和尿烷。在有些实施方案中,用于柔性化的或柔性的环氧树脂的制剂优先于刚性环氧树脂。该类聚合物树脂可从专门的化学品供应商容易地得到。
实施例:
下面的实施例仅用来说明根据本发明的实施方案,并且如此不应当解释为对所述权利要求范围的限制。
下面的实施例包括热塑性填料(粉末1)和包含基础聚合物树脂的制剂。粉末1是由14mil厚的聚(氯乙烯)(PVC)膜机械粉碎的细粉末。提供适当的粉末1的PVC膜的一个实例由德国的Pentaplast GmbH & Co.KG以商品名Pentacard PVC(乙烯基)膜得到,其为用氯乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物改性的PVC。所述粉末在使用之前用1.0-0.05mm的筛进行筛分。包含基础聚合物树脂的制剂来自Torrington的Dymax Corporation,CT。包含基础聚合物树脂的该制剂的实例包括9-20676、9-20557和6-625-SV01。9-20676是可见光或UV-可固化的尿烷丙烯酸酯制剂,其包含丙烯酸异冰片基酯、尿烷甲基丙烯酸酯低聚物、丙烯酸酯低聚物、丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯和光引发剂。其粘度为400cP,且其沸点为205℃。
9-20557是尿烷丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯化的尿烷制剂,其包含丙烯酸异冰片基酯、尿烷甲基丙烯酸酯低聚物、丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯和光引发剂。其粘度为2300cP,且其沸点为120℃。其为具有第二热固化特征的UV/可见光可固化的。
6-625-SV01是尿烷丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯化的尿烷制剂,其包含丙烯酸异冰片基酯、尿烷甲基丙烯酸酯低聚物、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸、马来酸、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、光引发剂和环氧树脂(<1%)。其粘度为10,000cP。其为具有第二热固化特征的UV/可见光可固化的。
示例性的制剂实施例1-4示于表1中。
表1
所述各制剂通过以表1中说明的比率混合粉末1与相应的基础聚合物制备。将所述制剂脱气并接着放入注射器中,以在使用前容易地计量分配。在制备用于信息承载卡的芯层中使用这些制剂(实施例1-4),并且试验是成功的。下文详细描述了信息承载卡的芯层的结构及其制造方法。印刷线路板(PCB)的嵌入层部分或完全地设置在第一热塑性层的至少一个孔洞中,在这些实验中所述热塑性层是PVC或用氯乙烯(VC)共聚物改性的PVC。将这些可交联的聚合物组合物(实施例1-4)之一分配于嵌入层上,并接着在小于150℃的升高的温度下在小于2MPa压力下固化。在制造信息承载卡中使用所得芯层。在有些实验中,所述信息承载卡是电力智能卡。
作为比较,以相同的方法使用没有任何填料的基础聚合物9-20676或9-20557,但是所述试验无法成功制备信息承载卡。
示例性的制剂实施例5-6示于表1中。使用如所述相同的方法制备制剂实施例5-6。在制备用于信息承载卡的芯层中使用这些制剂(实施例5-6),并且试验是成功的。
表2
2.用于信息承载卡的芯层
在有些实施方案中,用于信息承载卡的芯层包含交联聚合物组合物。所述交联组合物通过使上述可交联的聚合物组合物固化制备。该交联聚合物组合物包含基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状热塑性填料。所述基础聚合物树脂是尿烷丙烯酸酯、酯丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、硅酮、尿烷、环氧树脂等。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、包含PVC或氯乙烯共聚物的化合物或共混物、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。在有些实施方案中,所述氯乙烯共聚物中的所述至少另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。所述热塑性填料的一个实例是用氯乙烯和至少另一种单体的共聚物改性的PVC。
用于信息承载卡的所述芯层进一步包含嵌入层,所述嵌入层具有至少一个有源或无源电子组件,例如集成电路(IC)。在有些实施方案中,嵌入层可以包含一片金属、陶瓷或塑料。在有些实施方案中,所述交联聚合物组合物直接与所述嵌入层上的所述至少一个IC接触。用于信息承载卡的芯层进一步包含具有至少一个孔洞的至少一个热塑性层。具有至少一个集成的IC的嵌入层部分或全部地设置在所述至少一个热塑性层上的所述孔洞内。将所述交联聚合物组合物设置在所述至少一个热塑性层上的孔洞中,直接接触所述嵌入层上的所述至少一个有源或无源电子组件,例如集成电路(IC)。本发明还提供用于形成信息承载卡的芯层的方法。
参考图1和2,第一隔离膜2可以是商品名为的聚四氟乙烯片材、任何其它含氟聚合物、硅酮、含氟聚合物或硅酮涂敷的膜。第二隔离膜4设置在第一隔离膜2之上。第二隔离膜4可以由与第一隔离膜2相同的材料和方法形成。在有些实施方案中,优选透气隔离膜。作为第二隔离膜4的透气隔离膜的实例是硅酮涂敷的纸。例如,第二隔离膜4可以采用硅酮涂敷的未漂白的羊皮烘烤纸,由Regency Wraps company以商品名“If you care”可得。
参考图3,第一热塑性层6具有至少一个孔洞7,其设置在隔离膜2和4上。适合在形成第一热塑性层6中使用的材料的实例包括聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯乙烯的共聚物、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)等。第一热塑性层6可以是PVC、氯乙烯和另一种单体如乙烯基醚、乙烯基酯或乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,或用氯乙烯共聚物改性的PVC。适合用于本发明的PVC膜的实例由供应商如美国的Klockner Pentaplast、Inc.of Gordonsville,VA和中国的Shijiazhuang Eurochem Co.Ltd获得。该氯乙烯共聚物树脂的实例由DowChemical Company以商品名和由德国Ludwigshafen的BASF以商品名获得。是氯乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物。所述等级包括YYNS-3、VYHH和VYHD。是氯乙烯和乙烯基异丁基醚的共聚物。所述等级包括MP25、MP 35、MP45和MP60。所有这些聚合物树脂均可作为细粉末供应。可以加入这些共聚物的粉末以改性用于膜的PVC树脂。具有至少一个孔洞的第一热塑性层6可以通过模切一个或多个热塑性膜并接着层压和加热一个或多个热塑性膜而形成。例如,将0.35微米厚的膜模切以具有至少一个孔,并接着层压在0.025微米厚的膜上以形成具有至少一个孔洞的第一热塑性层6。
参考图4,嵌入层8可以部分或完全设置在第一热塑性层6的孔洞7内。嵌入层8包含至少一个具有至少一个埋入或表面安装在载体膜12上的有源或无源电子组件10的印刷线路板(PCB)。载体膜12的实例包括但不限于聚酰亚胺、聚酯如PET、玻璃填充的环氧板如FR-4。具有所有组件的印刷线路板(PCB)缩写为PCBa。为简便起见,在本发明中对PCB的引用应理解为包括包括PCBa的PCB。嵌入层8内的电子组件10的实例包括但不限于有源或无源电子组件,例如集成电路(IC)、用于“电源卡”的蓄电池、天线和功能性组件如发光二极管(LED)。电子组件通过导线或迹线14相互连接。载体膜12可以是基于介电材料的聚合物。在有些实施方案中,嵌入层8可以包含一片金属、陶瓷或塑料。例如,一片金属或陶瓷可以包含铂、铜、钨、金属粉末、陶瓷或陶瓷粉末。嵌入层8可以具有与第一热塑性层6中的孔洞大小有关的任何尺寸。嵌入层8可以部分或完全设置在该孔洞中。在有些实施方案中,在第一热塑性层6上的孔洞的大小大于嵌入层8的大小。嵌入层8可以完全地设置在所述孔洞中。在有些实施方案中,在第一热塑性层6中的孔洞的大小与PCB的嵌入层6的大小相同或略大于所述大小。所述孔洞的形状通常与嵌入层8的形状匹配。在有些实施方案中,在第一热塑性层6上的所述至少一个孔洞的大小小于嵌入层8的大小。所述至少一个孔洞的大小与PCB的嵌入层8的一部分相同或稍微大于此。例如,一个孔洞的形状和大小可以与一个电子组件10匹配。电子组件10的实例包括但不限于蓄电池或有源或无源电子组件,例如嵌入层8中的集成电路(IC)。
参考图5,将在可交联的聚合物组合物16之后所得的层分配于孔洞中的嵌入层上。所述可交联的聚合物组合物16包含液体或糊状的可固化的基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。该基础聚合物树脂可以是尿烷丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、尿烷、环氧树脂或硅酮。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。在有些实施方案中,所述氯乙烯共聚物填料中的所述至少另一种单体可以是乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯基醚。所述颗粒状热塑性填料可以是包含热塑性塑料如PVC或PVC共聚物的化合物或共混物。所述热塑性填料的一个实例是用氯乙烯和至少另一种单体的共聚物改性的PVC。可交联的聚合物组合物16可以进一步包含至少一种固化剂。该可交联的聚合物组合物16固化后变为固态交联的组合物。优选地,在有些实施方案中,该交联的组合物比第一热塑性层6更有柔性。
装在注射器中的可交联的聚合物组合物16可以使用用于粘合剂、封装剂、密封剂和灌注胶的标准分配装置或设备进行分配。待分配的可交联组合物16的量可以基于所述孔洞和嵌入层8的体积进行计算和控制。
参考图6,将第三和第四隔离膜放置在图5中所示的层上之后所得的层形成夹层结构。所述第三和第四隔离膜可以是任何种类的隔离膜,且在有些实施方案中,第二和第三隔离膜4由相同的材料形成。所述第一和第四隔离膜2也可由相同的材料形成。例如,在有些实施方案中,所述第二和第三隔离膜2可以由透气硅酮涂敷纸形成。所述第一和第四隔离膜4通常由含氟聚合物形成,如通常由商品名提供的聚四氟乙烯。所得图6的夹层或层状结构放置在压力下并加热形成用于信息承载卡的芯层,如图7的示例性方法所说明的。
参考图7,根据有些实施方案,形成信息承载卡的芯层的方法70包括下面步骤。在步骤22,将第二隔离膜4放置在第一隔离膜2之上。在步骤24,形成具有至少一个孔洞的第一热塑性层6。在有些实施方案中,所述第一热塑性层6通过模切一个或多个热塑性膜的步骤形成;并接着与一个或多个未切的热塑性膜一起热层压。在步骤26,具有至少一个孔洞的第一热塑性层6放置于第一和第二隔离膜(4和6)之上。在步骤28,具有印刷线路板(PCB)的嵌入层8至少部分地放置在第一热塑性层6上的所述至少一个孔洞中。在有些实施方案中,在第一热塑性层6上的所述至少一个孔洞的大小大于PCB的嵌入层8的大小。在有些实施方案中,在第一热塑性层6上的所述至少一个孔洞的大小与PCB的嵌入层8的大小基本相同。在其它实施方案中,在第一热塑性层6上的所述至少一个孔洞的大小与PCB的嵌入层8的一部分的大小基本相同。
在步骤28之后,所述方法任选地包含使用速干胶将嵌入层8“固定”在第一热塑性层6上的步骤30。通过切割没有任何电子组件10和连接件14的载体膜12的有些部分在嵌入层上形成多个孔。步骤28之后将速干胶施加在孔上。速干胶的实例包括但不限于氰基丙烯酸酯。在有些实施方案中,在短至几秒的时间内将嵌入层8固定在第一热塑性层6上。
在步骤32(图7),可交联的聚合物组合物16分配于嵌入层8上和所述孔洞内。所述可交联的聚合物组合物可以直接接触包括有源或无源电子组件的所述电子组件10,例如集成电路(IC)。预先确定并控制可交联聚合物组合物的量。可以除去超出第一热塑性层6的顶部表面的任何多余的材料。在有些实施方案中,所述可交联的聚合物组合物中的所述可固化的基础聚合物树脂是尿烷丙烯酸酯,且所述可交联的聚合物组合物中的所述颗粒状热塑性填料是PVC、包含PVC或氯乙烯共聚物的化合物或共混物或氯乙烯与至少另一种单体如乙烯基酯或乙烯基醚的共聚物。
在步骤34,将第三隔离膜和第四隔离膜4放置在层状结构上以形成夹层结构(图6)。所述第三隔离膜放置后再放置第四隔离膜。在有些实施方案中,所述第三隔离膜由与第四隔离膜4相同的材料形成,其优选为透气隔离膜。所述第四隔离膜可以由与第一隔离膜2相同的材料形成。在有些实施方案中,所述第一隔离膜和第四隔离膜是聚四氟乙烯(商品名)片材。在步骤36,上面的所述层状结构放置在压力下,例如小于约2MPa的压力。
在步骤38,所述层状结构在压力下加热。合适的温度是所述温度足够高以部分或完全地使所述可交联的聚合物组合物16固化或热层压第一热塑性膜6,或者二者兼之。热处理之后,所述可交联的聚合物组合物16形成固体。该交联的聚合物组合物与第一热塑性层6和包括电子组件10与载体膜12的嵌入层8之间具有良好的粘附性。在有些实施方案中,该交联的组合物比第一热塑性膜6更有柔性。在有些实施方案中,所述温度为65-232℃。在有些实施方案中,所述温度小于150℃。
方法70可以进一步包含冷却所述层结构和剥离第一、第二、第三和第四隔离膜。方法70可以进一步包含用可见光、UV或其它辐射固化使可交联的聚合物组合物16固化的步骤。其还可以包含经导入湿气或其它化学反应的促进进行固化的步骤。在方法70之后,所述可交联的聚合物组合物16固化以产生固体。在剥去隔离膜之后,形成用于信息承载卡的芯层。所述芯层包含第一热塑性层6、嵌入层8和交联聚合物组合物16。来自方法70的用于信息承载卡的所述示例性的芯层示于图8-14中。
参考图8,根据图1-6中描绘的结构和图7中的步骤制造信息承载卡的示例性芯层80。更具体地,所述示例性芯层80包含第一热塑性层6、嵌入层8和交联聚合物组合物16。第一热塑性层6是聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯乙烯的共聚物、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)等。交联聚合物组合物16由上面相关部分描述的可交联的组合物形成。嵌入层8包含电子组件10,例如至少一个印刷线路板(PCB),载体膜12和连接件14。所述电子组件,如蓄电池和有源或无源电子组件10,与连接件14连接。电子组件10包埋在载体膜14上。所述交联聚合物组合物填充了第一热塑性层6和嵌入层8上的空腔和孔洞内剩余的空间。在有些实施方案中,所述交联聚合物组合物直接接触电子组件10的外表面。再次参考图4,嵌入层8可以具有与第一热塑性层6中的孔洞大小有关的任何尺寸。嵌入层8可以部分或完全设置在该孔洞中。
参考图9-14,用于信息承载卡的芯层的不同结构也可以具有良好效果地利用。参考图9,信息承载卡的示例性芯层82包括用于嵌入体的完全开放的孔洞。在图9和10中,在所述第一热塑性层6上的孔洞的大小大于嵌入层8的大小。在有些实施方案中,该孔洞接近但稍微小于信息承载卡的大小。嵌入层8完全地设置在所述孔洞中。所述孔洞的形状可以与嵌入层8的形状不相同。
参考图11和12,信息承载卡的示例性芯层86包括接近于嵌入层8的大小的开放的嵌入孔洞。在图11和12中,在所述第一热塑性层6上的孔洞的大小与嵌入层8的大小相同或者稍微大于该大小。所述孔洞的形状与嵌入层8的形状匹配。在此结构中,嵌入层8可以完全设置在所述第一热塑性层6上的孔洞内。所述第一热塑性层6与所述嵌入层8的边缘之间的间隙可小于图9和10中所示的间隙。
参考图13和14,信息承载卡的示例性芯层90包括部分用于嵌入体的窗口孔洞。在图13和14中,在所述第一热塑性层6上的所述至少一个孔洞的大小小于嵌入层8的大小。所述至少一个孔洞的大小与嵌入层8的一部分相同或稍微大于此。在有些实施方案中,切开一部分嵌入层用于形成一个或多个孔以便电子组件10可以安装在所述孔之一中。该电子组件10的实例包括但不限于嵌入层8中的蓄电池或芯片。在有些实施方案中,嵌入层8中的所述电子组件10由所述第一热塑性层6的一侧插入。在制造过程中,可以由所述第一热塑性层6的另一侧施加用于交联聚合物组合物16的可交联组合物。
参考图15-19,根据有些实施方案,使用速干胶将示例性嵌入层8固定在热塑性层6上的示例性方法120包括图19中列出的下面的步骤。首先提供嵌入层。参考图15,使用示例性的嵌入层8作为用于演示目的的模型。用于信息承载卡的芯层的电子组件不限于图15中所示的组件。嵌入层8包含载体膜12、蓄电池102、具有至少一个集成电路(IC)的芯片104、金属结构106、金属连接线108和功能组件如LED 109。在有些实施方案中,载体膜12是基于介电材料的聚合物。此嵌入层适用于“电源卡”。
在步骤122(图19),通过没有任何电子组件和连接线的部分载体膜12上切割所述嵌入层8形成多个孔。参考图16,在切割后,示例性的嵌入层8在其载体层12中包括多个孔。所述孔可以是任何形状和大小。孔的形状的实例包括但不限于圆形、长方形、正方形或任何其它形状。
在步骤124,具有孔的所得嵌入层8部分或完全地放入所述第一热塑性层6的孔洞中。示例性的嵌入层8可以具有与所述第一热塑性层6中的孔洞大小有关的任何尺寸。示例性的嵌入层8可以部分或完全设置在该孔洞中。参考图17,具有多个孔的示例性嵌入层8设置在具有开放的嵌入孔洞的第一热塑性层6之上。示例性的第一热塑性层具有大于所述嵌入层的孔洞以便所述嵌入层完全设置在所述第一热塑性层6上的孔洞中。
在图7的步骤126中,将少量速干胶施加到每个孔112中。参考图18,根据有些实施方案,使用速干胶115将所述示例性嵌入层8固定在所述热塑性层6上形成所得结构116。速干胶115的实例包括但不限于氰基丙烯酸酯。在有些实施方案中,速干胶115在几秒内快速固化。在本发明中使用的该固化方法应当理解为包括使用任何其它粘合剂将嵌入层8固定在所述第一热塑性层6上的任何方法。
3.信息承载卡
在有些实施方案中,信息承载卡包含上述的芯层和交联聚合物组合物。在有些实施方案中,所述信息承载卡进一步包含至少一个层压到所述至少一个热塑性层表面上的可印刷的热塑性膜和所述交联聚合物组合物。所述信息承载卡进一步包含至少一个层压到所述可印刷热塑性膜表面上的透明膜。在有些实施方案中,所述信息承载卡包含至少一个与在芯层中的嵌入层上的至少一个集成电路(IC)相连的蓄电池。在有些信息承载卡的芯层中,所述信息承载卡也可包含一片金属、陶瓷或塑料。
在有些实施方案中,本发明还提供了用于制造信息承载卡的方法。在本发明公开内容中,所述方法包含形成所述信息承载卡的芯层。所述方法可以进一步包括在所述信息(承载卡)的芯层的每一面热层压可印刷的热塑性膜和透明的热塑性膜。
参考图20-25,制造示例性信息承载卡的示例性方法150包括如图25中所示的下面的步骤。在示例性方法150的不同步骤的层结构示于图20-24中。参考图20,首先提供透明膜132。透明膜132可以用作信息承载卡的外层。透明膜132的实例包括但不限于PVC、改性的PVC和PET。在图25的步骤152中,参考图21中所示的结构,可印刷的热塑性膜层134设置在所述透明膜132上。所述可印刷的热塑性膜134是成像接收层。在制造信息卡的方法之前或过程中,字或图像可以印刷到所述可印刷的热塑性膜134上。在有些实施方案中,此膜是不透明的,并且含有一些颜料如白色颜料。
在图25的步骤154中,芯层80设置在所述可印刷的热塑性层134和透明膜132之上。所得层结构的一个实例示于图22中。再次参考图8,在有些实施方案中,示例性芯层80包含第一热塑性层6、嵌入层8和交联聚合物组合物16。嵌入层8包含电子组件10,例如至少一个印刷线路板(PCB),载体膜12和连接件14。所述电子组件,如蓄电池和有源或无源电子组件10,与连接件14连接。电子组件10包埋在载体膜14上。交联聚合物组合物16填充了第一热塑性层6和嵌入层上的空腔和孔洞内剩余的空间。在有些实施方案中,交联聚合物组合物16直接接触电子组件10的外表面。
在步骤156(图25),第二可印刷的热塑性层134设置在图22的层状结构之上,接着是第二透明膜132。示例性的所得层结构示于图23和图24中。在有些实施方案中,在图24的层结构的每一侧上使用至少一层隔离膜。参考图1和2,隔离膜的实例包括聚四氟乙烯片材、任何其它含氟聚合物、硅酮、含氟聚合物或硅酮涂敷的膜。在有些实施方案中,使用透气隔离膜。
在步骤158(图25),将步骤156之后的示例性层结构在升高的温度下在压力下进行层压。步骤156后的层状结构在压力下进行压制。在有些实施方案中,所述压力小于2MPa。然后将所述层状夹层结构在升高的温度下在压力下加热。合适的温度是足够高以便所有的膜都以良好的粘附性层压。在有些实施方案中,所述温度为65-232℃。在有些实施方案中,所述温度小于150℃。所述信息承载卡可以具有不同的大小。在有些实施方案中,所述信息承载卡可以具有根据ISO/IEC 7810标准的大小。例如,用于大多数银行卡和ID卡的ID-1型智能卡具有的大小为85.6x53.98mm。
在有些实施方案中,示例性的方法150包含如表面处理的方法以提高两层之间的粘附性。表面处理法的实例包括但不限于在步骤158的热层压之前的等离子体处理或电晕处理。
根据有些实施方案,示例性的方法70和150可用于在一个片材上制备多个信息承载卡。参考图26,在该方法中,第一热塑性层6包含多个孔洞,在其中嵌入层8部分或完全地设置在每个孔洞中。参考图26,同样的部件用同样的标号表示,并且上面参考提供的结构描述也在上面进行了描述。
包含多个嵌入层8的示例性芯层结构180可以使用如上所述的方法70制造。在有些实施方案中,使用示例性方法120(图19)用速干胶115将每个嵌入层8固定在所述第一热塑性层6之上。在施加速干胶115之前将每一嵌入层8切割多个孔。再次参考图8,在有些实施方案中,示例性的芯层80还包含交联聚合物组合物16。嵌入层8包含电子组件10,例如至少一个印刷线路板(PCB),载体膜12和连接件14。交联聚合物组合物16填充了第一热塑性层6和嵌入层上的空腔和孔洞内剩余的空间。在有些实施方案中,交联聚合物组合物16直接接触电子组件10的外表面。
再次参考图5,可交联的聚合物组合物16设置在位于每一孔洞中的嵌入层上以形成交联的聚合物组合物。可交联的聚合物组合物16包含可交联的聚合物树脂和热塑性填料。示例性的可交联的组合物包含基础聚合物树脂和颗粒状的热塑性填料。所述基础聚合物树脂是尿烷丙烯酸酯、酯丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、包括甲基丙烯酸酯在内的丙烯酸酯、硅酮、尿烷、环氧树脂等。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是聚烯烃、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物或聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。所述颗粒状的热塑性填料可以是包含热塑性聚合物如PVC或氯乙烯共聚物的化合物或共混物。例如,示例性组合物可以包含作为基础聚合物树脂的尿烷丙烯酸酯和用氯乙烯与至少另一种单体如乙烯基酯或乙烯基醚的共聚物改性的PVC填料。可交联的组合物16固化以形成交联的组合物。固化方法的实例包括但不限于热固化和辐射固化。在有些实施方案中,热固化在热层压过程中发生。
在有些实施方案中,示例性的芯层结构180与至少一个可印刷的热塑性层和透明膜进一步层压。然后切割所得层压结构以形成多个信息承载卡。在有些实施方案中,所述压力优选小于2MPa。在所述层压加工中,在有些实施方案中,所述温度为65-232℃,且在有些实施方案中,优选小于150℃。
在本发明公开内容中,长方形的信息承载卡或智能卡仅用于说明。所述公开的结构和制造方法也适用于任何信息承载卡或任何形状或任何大小的零件。这些零件的实例包括但不限于长方形片、圆形片、条、棒和环。所述大小包括但不限于根据ISO/IEC7810标准的任何大小。
尽管所述主题已经由示例性实施方案进行了描述,但并不局限于此。而是,所附的权利要求书应当广泛地解释为包括其它变化方案和实施方案,其可由本领域技术人员进行。

Claims (34)

1.用于信息承载卡的芯层,其包含交联聚合物组合物,所述交联聚合物组合物包含:
基础聚合物树脂,其选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、酯丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、硅酮、尿烷和环氧树脂组成的组;和
颗粒状的热塑性填料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其进一步包含具有至少一个孔洞的至少一个热塑性层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中所述至少一个热塑性层选自由聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺和丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)组成的组。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其进一步包含至少一个集成电路(IC),其中所述至少一个集成IC部分或完全地设置在所述至少一个热塑性层上的孔洞中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中所述交联聚合物组合物设置在所述至少一个热塑性层上的孔洞中,直接接触所述至少一个集成电路(IC)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述基础聚合物是尿烷丙烯酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料包含PVC。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料包含氯乙烯与至少另一种单体的共聚物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中在所述交联组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料包含氯乙烯与至少另一种选自由乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯基醚组成的组的单体的共聚物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中在所述交联组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约0.5重量%-大约80重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约5重量%-大约50重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
13.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约0.5重量%-大约35重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
14.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约5重量%-大约20重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
15.根据权利要求1所述的用于信息承载卡的芯层,其进一步包含一片金属或陶瓷。
16.包含交联聚合物组合物的信息承载卡,其所述交联聚合物组合物包含:
基础聚合物树脂,其选自由尿烷丙烯酸酯、硅酮丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、硅酮、尿烷和环氧树脂组成的组;和
颗粒状的热塑性填料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其进一步包含至少一个具有至少一个孔洞的热塑性层。
18.根据权利要求17所述的信息承载卡,其中所述至少一个热塑性层选自由聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯共聚物、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚酰胺和丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)组成的组。
19.根据权利要求18所述的信息承载卡,其进一步包含至少一个集成电路(IC),其中所述至少一个集成IC部分或完全地设置在所述至少一个热塑性层的孔洞中。
20.根据权利要求19所述的信息承载卡,其中所述交联聚合物组合物设置在所述热塑性层上的孔洞中,直接接触所述至少一个集成电路(IC)。
21.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述基础聚合物是尿烷丙烯酸酯。
22.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料包含PVC。
23.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中在所述交联组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料包含氯乙烯与至少一种其它单体的共聚物。
24.根据权利要求23所述的信息承载卡,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料包含氯乙烯与至少一种选自由乙烯基酯和乙烯基醚组成的组的其它单体的共聚物。
25.根据权利要求24所述的信息承载卡,其中所述颗粒状的热塑性填料是用氯乙烯与至少一种选自由乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯基醚组成的组的另一种单体的共聚物改性的PVC。
26.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中在所述交联聚合物组合物中的所述颗粒状的热塑性填料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
27.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约0.5重量%-大约80重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
28.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约5重量%-大约50重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
29.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约0.5重量%-大约35重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
30.根据权利要求16所述的信息承载卡,其中所述交联聚合物组合物包含大约5重量%-大约20重量%的颗粒状的热塑性填料。
31.根据权利要求19所述的信息承载卡,其进一步包含至少一个与所述至少一个集成电路(IC)连接的蓄电池。
32.根据权利要求19所述的信息承载卡,其进一步包含一片金属或陶瓷。
33.根据权利要求19所述的信息承载卡,其进一步包含至少一个层压到所述至少一个热塑性层表面上的可印刷的热塑性膜和交联聚合物组合物。
34.根据权利要求33所述的信息承载卡,其进一步包含至少一个层压到所述可印刷的热塑性膜表面上的透明膜。
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