CN104247586B - 电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩以及具有集成式磁场屏蔽罩的汽车 - Google Patents

电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩以及具有集成式磁场屏蔽罩的汽车 Download PDF

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CN104247586B
CN104247586B CN201280063634.0A CN201280063634A CN104247586B CN 104247586 B CN104247586 B CN 104247586B CN 201280063634 A CN201280063634 A CN 201280063634A CN 104247586 B CN104247586 B CN 104247586B
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magnetic field
shielding case
field shielding
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CN104247586A (zh
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安德列亚斯·科伊茨
多萝泰·多尔纳
安德列亚斯·扬森
弗洛里安·赫格特
安德列亚斯·布赖登巴赫
洛塔尔·帕特博格
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp Electrical Steel GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于优选在50Hz至200kHz频率范围内的电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩，该磁场屏蔽罩主要由至少三个彼此叠放的层(1.1、1.2、1.3；1.1、1.21、1.22、1.31、1.32)形成的复合板(1)构成，其中至少一个层由电工钢片或电工钢带构成。为了使这种磁场屏蔽罩具有轻的重量和好的屏蔽效果以及制造成本低，使至少一个层由钢板构成以及至少一个层由塑料和/或弹性体构成，其中至少一个塑料和/或弹性体层(1.3；1.31、1.32)将至少一个电工钢片层/电工钢带层(1.1)和至少一个钢板层(1.2；1.21、1.22)相互材料结合地连在一起。

Description

电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩以及具有集成式磁场屏蔽罩的汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于优选在50Hz至200kHz、特别是60kHz至200kHz频率范围内的电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩，该磁场屏蔽罩主要由至少三个彼此叠放的层形成的复合板构成，其中至少一个层由电工钢片或电工钢带构成。本发明还涉及一种具有这种磁场屏蔽罩的汽车、特别是电动汽车。
背景技术
由EP 1 241 926 A2已知一种用于10Hz至1kHz频率范围内的电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩，该磁场屏蔽罩由至少两层构成。其中，一层由电工钢片构成以及另一层由NE-金属、优选由铝构成。
另外，由DE 10 2009 039 600 B3已知一种用于0Hz至50kHz频率范围内的电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩，该磁场屏蔽罩由至少两层构成，其中至少一层由非晶粒取向的电工钢片构成以及至少一层由铝构成，其中这些层分别由彼此通过对焊和/或重叠焊接成的板构成。
特别是对于汽车的磁场屏蔽罩来说，要求低成本且尽可能轻质的磁场屏蔽罩。采用铝可以减轻开头所述类型磁场屏蔽罩的重量。但是，铝是相对昂贵的材料。并且，铝板需要专门的接合工具来制造焊接接合，这些接合工具比较贵并且使用起来有时很麻烦。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种开头所述类型的磁场屏蔽罩，该磁场屏蔽罩具有良好的屏蔽效果并且同时将出色的结构特性和/或功能特性结合在一起。
为了实现这个目的，提供了一种用于电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩，该磁场屏蔽罩主要由至少三个彼此叠放的层形成的复合板构成，其中至少一个层由电工钢片或电工钢带构成。
根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩具有(替代铝层或铝板)至少一个钢板层以及还具有至少一个塑料和/或弹性体层，其中该至少一个塑料和/或弹性体层将至少一个电工钢片或电工钢带层与至少一个钢板层相互材料结合地连在一起。
本发明中的钢板是具有与电工钢片品级或电工钢带品级不同特性的所有钢品级。
根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩例如不只是汽车的附加部件。而是，根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩特别是作为车身构件或底盘构件同时承担着另外的功能或任务，例如将汽车内部空间密封隔离外界环境和/或满足车身所需的抗撞击要求以及刚性要求或者满足底盘功能。通过这种功能整合例如可以舍弃额外的屏蔽墙；或者可以将用于屏蔽电磁场的额外屏蔽墙设计地明显较小和/或较轻。由此分别实现了重量减轻以及成本降低。根据本发明的解决方案的特征还在于降至最低的结构空间需求。采用至少一个钢板主要是有利于满足对于构造和/或强度的要求。
相对于已知的解决方案，根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩在50Hz至200kHz、特别是60kHz至200kHz频率范围内的电磁场中具有特别的优势。
至少一个连接根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩的金属板的塑料和/或弹性体层还能够承担隔音功能和/或绝热功能。因为对于相关的汽车来说，通过该层既可以改善隔音(特别是消音)又可以改善隔热。这个塑料和/或弹性体层优选比至少一个电工钢片层和/或至少一个钢板层更厚。
该复合板优选形成为车身构件或底盘构件。
当根据优选的设计将车身构件限定为配备有可充电电池的电动汽车的底板时，特别体现出根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩的上述优势。
本发明的另一个优选设计的特征在于，形成为底板的磁场屏蔽罩具有槽形或地道形的结构，在该结构中设有用于为电池电感充电的线圈。通过磁场屏蔽罩的这种几何形状设计以及在槽形或地道形结构中设置线圈可以改善磁场屏蔽罩的屏蔽效果而无需额外的结构件。
根据本发明的另一个有利设计，在底板上装配一个由活瓣、凸缘或折棚形成的屏蔽罩，该屏蔽罩围绕线圈并设置有驱动装置，从而该屏蔽罩能够从折拢或提高的位置调节至展开或下降的位置，反之亦然。通过该能够调节的屏蔽罩可以封锁线圈下方的区域，从而动物们、例如猫不会进入线圈下方封锁的区域。优选该能够调节的屏蔽罩同时形成为磁场屏蔽罩。
本发明的另一个有利设计的特征在于，在底板上安装了驱动装置，借助该驱动装置，为电池充电的线圈能够从提高的位置移至下降的位置，反之亦然。在下降的位置中，线圈同时作用为对动物的障碍物。此外，在线圈的下降位置中，底板和线圈之间的间距增大，以及安置在汽车上的线圈和与其相对应的、结合在车道中的线圈之间的间距缩小，由此能够通过交变电磁场而减小为电池电感充电过程中的负荷。
根据另一个有利的设计，作为车身构件的磁场屏蔽罩特别也形成为纵梁或横梁。因为汽车车身的纵梁或横梁通常能够用于容纳电子结构件，由此便对安装在那里的电子结构件屏蔽了电磁干扰场或者至少减小了电子结构件之间的电磁干扰场。
此外，在这样的实施方式中也特别体现出根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩的上述优势，在该实施方式中车身构件限定为用来容纳可充电电池的壳体的一个壁和/或一个底部。在电池充电和电流输出的过程中，电池周围产生不稳定的电磁场，这些电磁场会干扰灵敏的位于周围的电子结构件。通过根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩可以防止或至少明显减小由电磁场引起的、邻近的电子结构件的功能故障。
优选这样设置根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩，即，至少一个电工钢片面向电磁辐射源。
为了满足高的抗撞击要求和刚性要求，根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩的另一个有利设计为，电工钢片作为核心层安置在两个钢板层之间，其中该电工钢片的两面通过塑料和/或弹性体层与钢板层材料结合地连在一起。通过这种设计还能够改善磁场屏蔽罩的隔音特性。
为了使磁场屏蔽罩具有特别高的使用寿命，根据另一个设计，使钢板由不锈钢构成。
根据另一个设计也可以由此实现高的使用寿命，即，使复合板至少在一面上设置防腐蚀保护层。
为了使磁场屏蔽罩在尽可能轻质的同时满足高的抗撞击要求和刚性要求，根据另一个设计，使钢板由奥氏体钢或具有至少350MPa、优选至少480MPa、特别优选至少650MPa的抗拉强度的高强度钢构成。
为了在构件重量轻的同时改善构件刚性，根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩的另一个优选设计在于，该磁场屏蔽罩作为车身构件或底盘构件具有通过变型生成的三维结构。特别是根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩作为车身构件具有槽形或地道形的结构。
附图说明
接下来根据展示了多个实施例的附图详细阐明本发明。其中示意性地示出了：
图1以截面视图示出了三层式磁场屏蔽罩的截面；
图2以截面视图示出了五层式磁场屏蔽罩的截面；
图3以截面视图示出了电动汽车底板的截面；
图4以截面视图示出了根据另一个实施例的电动汽车底板的截面；
图5以截面视图示出了根据另一个实施例的电动汽车底板的截面；以及
图6以截面视图示出了具有电池壳体的、电动汽车的底部结构的截面。
具体实施方式
图1示出了三层式的复合板1(三明治板)的截面，该复合板适合作为用于特别在50Hz至200kHz频率范围内的电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩并且通过裁剪和/或变型进一步加工成汽车的、特别是电动汽车的车身构件或底盘构件。
附图标记1.1表示电工钢片层。对此该电工钢片层可以是晶粒取向的电工钢片或非晶粒取向的电工钢片。主要通过电工钢片层1.1进行电磁场的屏蔽。
此外，根据图1的复合板1包括钢板层1.2与塑料和/或弹性体层1.3。对于车身构件或底盘构件的结构要求大致上并且主要通过钢板层1.2得以满足。塑料和/或弹性体层1.3起到连接电工钢片层1.1、钢板层1.2的作用。塑料和/或弹性体层也可以称为粘合层。此外，塑料和/或弹性体层1.3能够改善作为车身构件或底盘构件的磁场屏蔽罩的隔音特性。由此，根据本发明的复合板1满足了所有的要求(屏蔽、结构)。这里未示出的是，塑料和/或弹性体层1.3可以比电工钢片层1.1、钢板层1.2的至少一个更厚。
图2示出了根据本发明的复合板1(三明治板)的另一个实施例用于制造具有集成式磁场屏蔽罩的车身构件或底盘构件。该复合板1具有核心的电工钢片层1.1。该电工钢片层1.1的两面都通过塑料和/或弹性体层1.31、1.32与钢板层1.21、1.22材料结合地连接。该作为连接层(粘合层)的塑料和/或弹性体层1.31、1.32能够改善复合板1的隔音特性。该连接层也可以比钢板层1.21、1.22的至少一个更厚(这里未示出)。
在根据图1和2所示的复合板1中所采用的钢板层1.2或1.21、1.22例如为奥氏体钢板、不锈钢板和/或高强度钢板，特别是两相钢。钢板层1.2或1.21、1.22所采用的钢板的抗拉强度为至少350MPa、优选至少480MPa、特别优选至少650MPa。
图3至5示出了电动汽车的底板3的多个实施例。在该底板3中总是成型有地道形或槽形的凹陷部结构3.1。在该凹陷部结构3.1中设置了线圈7用于给电动汽车的电池以电感方式充电。附图标记8表示车道或停车场，在该车道或停车场中结合了线圈9用于以电感方式给电动汽车充电。含有集成式充电线圈9的停车场8例如能够位于车库或停车楼中。
在图3至5中所示的实施例中的底板3分别由根据图1或图2所示的复合板1制得。在采用根据图1所示的复合板1时，优选将电工钢片1.2靠近线圈7。使电工钢片远离线圈7的用法也在本发明范围内。此外，根据图1所示的复合板1优选至少在其面向线圈7的一面上设有抗腐蚀保护层、例如锌层或锌-镍层。
在根据图4所示的实施例中，在底板3上安装了由活瓣3.2形成的屏蔽罩，该屏蔽罩包围线圈7并且设有驱动装置(未示出)，由此该屏蔽罩能够从折拢或提高的位置调节到展开或下降的位置，反之亦然。在电动汽车的行驶过程中，活瓣3.2向上翻转。相对地，在停车场8上对电动汽车的电池以电感方式充电的过程中，活瓣3.2处于向下翻转的状态。图4中示出了活瓣3.2的这两个位置(状态)。
在根据图5所示的实施例中，在底板3上安装了驱动装置(未示出)，借助该驱动装置能够使线圈7从提高的位置移至下降的位置，反之亦然。附图标记3.3对应于能够下降和提高的线圈7的导向以及从线圈7引向电池6的导线(参见图6)。
图6示出了电动汽车的底部结构。该电动汽车底部由纵梁和横梁2以及至少一个底板3构成。在该底部中容纳并结合了电池壳体(电池箱)4。在该底部中和/或在该底部上安装了电子结构件5。随着电池6的功率消耗或功率输出会产生波动的电磁场，该波动的电磁场能够干扰电子结构件。该干扰场通过电池壳体4上的小箭头示意性地标出。通过在底部结构及电池壳体4的结构件中的良好的屏蔽材料减小了电子结构件5之间的电磁干扰场。对此，底板3、横梁和/或纵梁2和/或电池壳体4由根据图1和/或图2所示的复合板1制得。其中，复合板1的钢板层1.2(或者1.21和/或1.22)优选由具有至少480MPa、特别优选至少650MPa的抗拉强度的高强度钢构成。因此，除了良好的屏蔽效果，还可以实现特别对于电池6的高度抗撞击防护。
本发明的实施并不只限制于附图所示的实施例。而是能够考虑很多的变体，这些变体也可以使用与所列权利要求中给出的发明有差异的结构。特别是根据本发明的磁场屏蔽罩也可以具有两个或多个电工钢片层1.1。此外，在本发明范围内，图3至6所示的实施例的结构特征可以部分地或完全地相互结合。

Claims (15)

1.一种对优选在50Hz至200kHz频率范围内的用于电磁场的磁场屏蔽罩，所述磁场屏蔽罩主要由至少三个彼此叠放的层(1.1、1.2、1.3；1.1、1.21、1.22、1.31、1.32)形成的复合板(1)构成，其中至少一个层由电工钢片或电工钢带构成，其特征在于，至少一个层由钢板构成以及至少一个层由塑料和/或弹性体构成，其中至少一个塑料和/或弹性体层(1.3；1.31、1.32)将至少一个电工钢片层或电工钢带层(1.1)和至少一个钢板层(1.2；1.21、1.22)相互材料结合地连在一起,所述复合板(1)形成为汽车的车身构件或底盘构件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述车身构件限定为配备有可充电电池(6)的电动汽车的底板(3)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述底板(3)具有槽形或地道形的凹陷部结构(3.1)，在所述凹陷部结构中设有用于给电池(6)电感充电的线圈(7)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，在底板(3)上装配一个由活瓣(3.2)、凸缘或折棚形成的屏蔽罩，所述屏蔽罩围绕线圈(7)并设置有驱动装置，从而所述屏蔽罩能够从折拢或提高的位置调节至展开或下降的位置，反之亦然。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，在底板(3)上安装了驱动装置，借助所述驱动装置能够使所述线圈(7)从提高的位置移至下降的位置，反之亦然。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述车身构件形成为纵梁或横梁(2)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述车身构件限定为用来容纳可充电的电池(6)的壳体(4)的一个壁和/或一个底部。
8.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述电工钢片层(1.1)面向电磁辐射源。
9.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述电工钢片层(1.1)作为核心层安置在两个钢板层(1.21、1.22)之间，其中所述电工钢片层(1.1)的两面通过塑料和/或弹性体层(1.31、1.32)与钢板层(1.21、1.22)材料结合地连在一起。
10.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述钢板层(1.2；1.21、1.22)由不锈钢构成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述钢板层(1.2；1.21、1.22)由奥氏体钢或具有至少350MPa、优选至少480MPa、特别优选至少650MPa的抗拉强度的高强度钢构成。
12.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述复合板(1)作为车身构件或底盘构件具有通过变型生成的三维结构。
13.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，作为车身构件的复合板(1)具有槽形或地道形的凹陷部结构(3.1)。
14.根据权利要求1所述的磁场屏蔽罩，其特征在于，所述复合板(1)至少在一面上设有防腐蚀保护层。
15.一种汽车，特别是电动汽车，所述汽车具有根据权利要求1至14中任意一项所述的集成式磁场屏蔽罩。
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