CN104093585A - 有利于车辆在发动机关闭情况下重启的燃料节省系统 - Google Patents

有利于车辆在发动机关闭情况下重启的燃料节省系统 Download PDF

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CN104093585A
CN104093585A CN201380005204.8A CN201380005204A CN104093585A CN 104093585 A CN104093585 A CN 104093585A CN 201380005204 A CN201380005204 A CN 201380005204A CN 104093585 A CN104093585 A CN 104093585A
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motor
hydraulic
conservation
pump
energy
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CN104093585B (zh
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大卫·阿森奥尔特
贝努瓦·拉克鲁瓦
达尼·富凯
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14156048 Canada Inc
Martinria International
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Developpement Effenco Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11Stepped gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N7/00Starting apparatus having fluid-driven auxiliary engines or apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H61/0025Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore
    • F16H61/0031Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore using auxiliary pumps, e.g. pump driven by a different power source than the engine
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B60K2006/126Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator the hydraulic accumulator starts the engine
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • B60Y2200/144Garbage trucks, e.g. refuse trucks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02Selector apparatus
    • F16H2059/026Details or special features of the selector casing or lever support
    • F16H2059/0273Cardan or gimbal type joints for supporting the lever
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/24Providing feel, e.g. to enable selection
    • F16H2061/241Actuators providing feel or simulating a shift gate, i.e. with active force generation for providing counter forces for feed back
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的燃料节省系统,所述车辆由内燃机供能且具有液压启动自动变速器。所述系统包括:液压泵,能够供应加压变速器流体至自动变速器;能量存储装置;及至少一个电机,由能量存储装置供能,所述至少一个电机包括机械地连接至液压泵的电机及耦接至发动机的电机。所述系统还包括控制器,所述控制器对一个或多个操作条件作出响应以当车辆停止时关闭发动机,并使用机械地连接至液压泵的电机,以便启动所述泵来供应足够动力至变速器以保持变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中。所述控制器还对一个或多个操作条件作出响应以启动耦接至发动机的电机,以便在变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中的情况下重启发动机。

Description

有利于车辆在发动机关闭情况下重启的燃料节省系统
技术领域
本发明涉及由内燃机供能的车辆,更特定地,涉及对这种车辆提高燃油经济性的系统。
背景技术
由内燃机供能的大多数车辆在车辆停止且发动机空转期间浪费了大量燃油。对于如垃圾车的车辆,当车辆停止时,空转发动机经常用于驱动辅助液压系统,即,拾取路旁垃圾桶的液压臂及压缩车内垃圾的液压压实机。然而,执行这项工作所需的动力相对低,并且当发动机空转时消耗的燃油大部分主要用于克服发动机内部摩擦,这导致在垃圾车的典型工作周期期间燃油效率非常低。
虽然对于每次停留可能并不需要辅助液压系统,或辅助液压系统可独立于发动机而供能,但是每当垃圾车停在收集点处时,关闭典型OEM垃圾车不会为可接受选项。一方面,如果每天多达千次或更多次地用于重启发动机,所述次数为垃圾车的正常工作周期,那么垃圾车的启动电机无疑会遭受过早磨损。
此外,许多垃圾车配备有具有液压换挡机构的自动变速器。变速器中液压压力由集成在变速器内但由内燃机驱动的泵来供应。当内燃机关闭时,变速器泵停止供应压力至变速器,因此,变速器自动从前进挡换挡为空挡。当内燃机重启时,需要一段时间在变速器中重新建立液压压力,这延迟了使变速器换挡为前进挡的能力。这种延迟对于垃圾车操作者将令人沮丧;所述延迟也可为潜在危险,因为如果停在上坡路,那么垃圾车可能存在后溜风险。
当发动机关闭时,典型车辆的动力转向系统也同样不起作用,因为动力转向流体泵也由内燃机驱动。
发明内容
以下发明内容旨在向读者介绍以下更具体的实施方式,并不限定或限制所主张的主题。
所主张的主题提供了呈现相对简单的结构的优点,使它容易改装至现有车辆(诸如垃圾车)或作为原装设备安装于新车辆上。
根据本发明的一个方面,为由内燃机供能且具有液压启动自动变速器的车辆提供了燃料节省系统。所述系统包括:液压泵,可供应加压变速器流体至自动变速器;能量存储装置;及至少一个电机,由能量存储装置供能,所述至少一个电机包括机械地连接至液压泵的电机及耦接至发动机的电机。所述系统也包括控制器,所述控制器对一个或多个操作条件作出响应以当车辆停止时关闭发动机,并使用机械地连接至液压泵的电机,以启动所述泵来供应足够动力至变速器,以保持变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中。所述控制器也对一个或多个操作条件作出响应,以启动耦接至发动机的电机,以便在变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中的情况下重启发动机。
在一些实例中,所述系统具有单个电机,所述单个电机机械地连接至液压泵,所述液压泵可供应加压变速器流体至自动变速器,所述单个电机也可脱离地耦接至发动机。
在其它实例中,所述系统具有:第一电机,耦接至发动机;及第二电机,机械地连接至液压泵及用于辅助液压系统的泵,所述液压泵可将加压变速器流体供应至自动变速器。
在一些实例中,所述能量存储装置为诸如电池或电容器的电能存储装置;所述至少一个电机可为由电能存储装置供能的电动机/发电机。在其它实例中,所述能量存储装置为液压蓄能器,并且所述至少一个电机为由液压蓄能器供能的液压电机;所述液压蓄能器可通过制动能量回收系统进行充能。
在某些实施方式中,其中所述系统使用在包括辅助液压系统的车辆上,当发动机关闭且至少一个电机打开时,由所述至少一个电机供能的泵将加压液压流体供应至辅助液压系统。
在一些实施方式中,其中所述车辆包括一个或多个配件系统,当发动机关闭时,能量存储装置给所述配件系统供能。
附图说明
为了可更充分地理解所主张的主题,将参照附图,其中:
图1为根据本主题第一实施方式的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图2为根据本主题第一实施方式表示正常模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图3为根据本主题第一实施方式表示再生制动模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图4为根据本主题第一实施方式表示发动机关机模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图5为根据本主题第一实施方式表示重启模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图6为根据本主题第二实施方式的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图7为根据本主题第二实施方式表示正常模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图8为根据本主题第二实施方式表示再生制动模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图9为根据本主题第二实施方式表示关机模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图10为根据本主题第二实施方式表示重启模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图11为根据本主题第三实施方式的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图12为根据本主题第三实施方式表示正常模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图13为根据本主题第三实施方式表示再生制动模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图14为根据本主题第三实施方式表示关机模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图;
图15为根据本主题第三实施方式表示重启模式操作的燃料节省系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
在以下说明中,阐述特定细节以提供所主张的主题的实例。然而,下文所述的实施方式并不旨在限定或限制所主张的主题。对本领域技术人员应当是显而易见的是,在所主张的主题的范围内,特定实施方式的许多变动可以是可行的。
图1中示出了第一实施方式,示意性描述了安装于车辆传动系统12上的燃料节省系统100。传动系统12的组件为:内燃机14和变速器16,一起形成发动机-变速器总成18;及传动轴20,将轮组22连接至变速器16。传动系统12配备制动能量回收系统50。辅助液压系统24通过液压连接线25连接至辅助液压泵26,所述辅助液压泵26可通过内燃机14或通过可变排量液压电机38进行驱动。辅助系统24通常设置于可安装燃料节省系统的车辆(诸如垃圾车或水泥车)上。这种辅助系统24可为任何液压动力设备部件,诸如垃圾压实机、抬起垃圾桶的液压臂、回转式水泥搅拌机或其它液压动力设备。
燃料节省系统100使用离合器49,所述离合器49适配为使可变排量液压电机38、辅助液压泵26及固定排量液压泵43选择性地与内燃机14齿合或脱离。控制器30控制离合器49的齿合。控制器30可为电气、电子、液压或气动回路。
可变排量液压电机38液压连接至能量存储装置,根据第一实施方式,所述能量存储装置为液压蓄能器36。两者之间液压流通过阀39进行调节。蓄能器36用于存储加压液压流体。在蓄能器36内通过在活塞或隔膜的相对侧上的加压气体从液压流体产生压力。可变排量液压电机38操作为通过加压液压流体使用从蓄能器36接收的能量并将它变换为旋转运动。因此,使用以加压液压流体形式存储于液压蓄能器36中的能量,可变排量液压电机38适配为机械地连接以通过旋转运动来驱动机械装置。
存储于蓄能器36中的能量由制动能量回收系统50提供。在制动能量回收系统50中,有由轮组22驱动的可变排量泵,当控制器增加可变排量泵的排量时,产生阻力。这对抗轮组22的滚动运动,从而协助其制动。由可变排量泵泵送的液压流体的流速越大,对于轮组22的制动的协助越大。
控制器30通过将车辆的基础制动系统的制动力与由制动能量回收系统随存储能量而提供的制动协助小心地结合来匹配制动需求。有利地,可变排量泵根据必须施加于轮组的最大制动扭矩进行大小调整。控制器30然后可调节可变排量泵的排量,以在未超过制动需求或液压蓄能器36的容量的情况下,使对制动系统的制动协助的水平最大化。控制器30将液压蓄能器36的容量纳入考虑,因此可根据液压蓄能器36的存储可用性来降低制动协助水平。制动需求检测可以许多不同方式实现:电气地、电子地、液压地或气动地,在制动系统上任何便利位置处。
固定排量液压泵43可从贮液器45泵送液压流体,以提供液压压力至变速器16。所述泵机械地齿合至可变排量液压电机38。固定排量液压泵43与变速器16之间的液压连接通过阀54进行调节,以在变速器16中保持适当压力。控制器30通过阀39调节可变排量液压电机38以满足变速器16的压力要求。
辅助液压泵26机械地连接至可变排量液压电机38。辅助液压泵26可从贮液器37泵送液压流体,以提供液压压力至辅助系统24。两者通过液压连接线25进行连接。
现将更详细地说明燃料节省系统的四个不同操作模式。图2示意性描述了燃料节省系统100的正常模式。当发动机14空转且通过传动系统12来驱动轮组22时,离合器49齿合,并且可将可变排量液压电机38连接至传动系统12的驱动部分。在该模式下,可变排量液压电机38不提供扭矩。因此,辅助液压泵26由内燃机14驱动以馈送辅助液压系统24。固定排量液压泵43转动,但所产生油流通过阀54排放至变速器液压贮液器45。
图3示意性描述了燃料节省系统100的再生制动模式。当车辆正在运动且驾驶员踩下制动踏板时,启动制动能量回收系统50以产生所需的制动扭矩至轮组22,直至车辆停止。然后,所回收的能量以加压流体形式存储于液压蓄能器36中。控制器30打开阀39以连接液压蓄能器36与制动能量回收系统50并调节可于蓄能器36中存储的能量总量。如果蓄能器36达到其最大容量,那么控制器30停用能量回收系统50。在再生制动模式下,离合器40齿合,并将可变排量液压电机38连接至传动系统的驱动部分。在该模式下,可变排量液压电机38不提供扭矩。因此,辅助液压泵26由内燃机14驱动,以馈送辅助液压系统24。固定排量液压泵43转动,但所产生油流通过阀54排放至变速器液压贮液器45。
图4示意性描述了燃料节省系统100的发动机关机模式。当车辆停止时,内燃机14关闭。控制器30检测与发动机关机模式相关联的操作条件。例如,操作条件可为指示车辆已经减慢或停止的车辆速度。也可检测其它操作条件,诸如液压蓄能器36中剩余的能量总量。控制器30通过与发动机14的电子控制单元进行通信对检测到的操作条件作出响应以发送指令将发动机14关机。只有当辅助系统的能量需求可通过可变排量液压电机38完全满足时,即,在控制器30评估液压蓄能器36中存储有足够能量的情况下,内燃机14可完全关闭。当内燃机14关闭时,离合器49从传动系统12的驱动部分脱离。由辅助液压泵26驱动的可变排量液压电机38现在由液压蓄能器36中所含的能量进行驱动。然后,在内燃机14关闭期间,调节可变排量液压电机38以保持所需液压动力至辅助液压系统24。
由关闭且然后重启内燃机14所引起的一个问题是,当内燃机关闭时,无动力从发动机14提供至变速器16。因此,如果变速器16为自动型,那么会缺乏液压压力,并且变速器无法保持在驱动齿轮(例如第一齿轮)中。替代地,变速器将落入“空挡”。在重启内燃机之后,变速器中的液压压力将必须在变速器有足够能量从空挡变为驱动齿轮之前建立。液压压力建立并换挡为驱动齿轮所需的时间通常为几秒钟。因此,车辆操作者在重启车辆与当车辆在其变速器已经选定驱动齿轮之后实际上开始加速时之间会感到滞后。在当车辆完全静止时操作者使用电子点火系统启动车辆的典型操作中,这种滞后是可以接受的。然而,在操作者习惯于当车辆停止时的内燃机14的空转,并且还期望在操作者的命令之后车辆立即加速(例如,踩在油门踏板上)的情况下,这种滞后可能令人沮丧或甚至是危险的。例如,在车辆在上斜坡上的情况下,在当操作者给出命令加速时的时间与车辆开始加速的实际时间之间的滞后可引起车辆在能够停止并加速前行之前后溜下斜坡几秒钟。
为了防止本系统100的变速器16从驱动齿轮脱出而落入空挡齿轮,当发动机14关闭时,液压压力由固定排量液压泵43通过液压回路提供至变速器16。固定排量液压泵43由可变排量液压电机38供能并提供压力至变速器16以保持它在驱动齿轮中。在使用可变排量液压电机38启动内燃机14之后,变速器16因此将仍然在驱动齿轮中,并且当给出加速车辆的命令时,车辆操作者不会感到滞后。应当理解,保持变速器在齿轮中所需的动力水平基本上低于在很短时间内使内燃机14空转所需的动力。因此,关闭内燃机14并使用存储于液压蓄能器36中的液压能量来齿合固定排量液压泵43以保持变速器在驱动齿轮中显著节省了燃油消耗。
图5示意性描述了燃料节省系统100的重启模式。关闭内燃机14的结果是,当操作者需要恢复在其上安装燃料节省系统的车辆运动时,内燃机14必须重启。通常,在具有内燃机的车辆中,使用电子点火系统启动发动机。在车辆将经常启动和停止的情况下,需要频繁地重启内燃机。应当理解,这种频繁重启会迅速耗干含有为电子点火系统供能的电能的电池。当内燃机不再空转以给蓄能器重新充能时,这个问题会特别普遍。
本系统100的解决方案在于具有可变排量液压电机38,所述可变排量液压电机38机械地连接至发动机14的传动系统,驱动发动机以重启它。控制器30检测与重启模式相关联的操作条件。操作条件可为来自车辆操作者的信号,诸如加速踏板位置,其中由操作者踩在其上的加速踏板指示发动机14应当重启。可检测其它操作条件,例如,液压蓄能器39中剩余的低量的能量。控制器30通过使离合器49齿合可变排量液压电机38与内燃机14来对检测到的操作条件作出响应。由可变排量液压电机38提供至发动机14的扭矩使发动机“重启”。当它已经达到其空转速度时,内燃机14被认为“重启”。
此外,如果控制器30判定存储于液压蓄能器36中的能量水平足够,那么控制器30可编程为通过利用可变排量液压电机38来驱动内燃机14以协助内燃机14。不论内燃机14正在以稳定速度加速或在来自可变排量液压电机38的该协助时转为空转,结果均为燃油消耗降低。
此外,为了避免使配件系统(车辆中除辅助液压系统24或传动系统12外的系统)(诸如动力转向、交流发电机或空调)在发电机关闭时不工作,可以使用存储于能量存储装置中的能量给这些配件系统供能。可以按与辅助液压泵26和固定排量液压泵43相同的方式机械地连接这些配件系统至可变排量液压电机38。然后,如果发动机14未运行且正要重启,那么由蓄能器36供能的可变排量液压电机38将驱动这些配件系统。
对于先前所述的所有操作模式,固定排量液压泵43和辅助泵26被连续地供能。控制器30还监测离合器49是否须齿合。如果发动机14正在运行,那么离合器49将通过控制器30进行齿合;固定排量液压泵43和辅助泵26将由发动机14供能。如果发动机14未运行,那么离合器49将通过控制器30脱离;固定排量液压泵43和辅助泵26将由可变排量液压电机38供能。如果控制器30接收到重新发动车辆的信号,那么离合器49将齿合,并且发动机14将由可变排量液压电机38重启。
转到图6,可以看出,除了可变排量液压电机38被电气电动发电机52取代且能量存储装置为电气存储装置51而不是液压蓄能器,燃料节省系统101的第二实施方式与已经说明的第一实施方式相似。电气存储装置51可由通过电气连接的外部电源和/或由电气制动能量回收系统55进行充能。电气存储装置51可为电池组以及超级电容器。
电气存储装置51可通过电气连接将其存储的能量提供至电气电动发电机52。电气驱动器53管理电气存储装置51与电动发电机52之间的能量流。与第一实施方式相同的操作模式适用于第二实施方式。
图7示意性描述了正常操作模式,与第一实施方式的图2中说明的操作模式相似,但是可变排量液压电机38被电动发电机52取代,并且液压蓄能器36被电气存储装置51取代。
图8示意性描述了再生制动模式,在操作上与第一实施方式的图3中示出的操作模式相似,但是可变排量液压电机38被电动发电机52取代,并且液压蓄能器36被电气存储装置51取代。
图9示意性描述了发动机关机操作模式,与第一实施方式的图4中说明的操作模式相似,但是可变排量液压电机38被电动发电机52取代,并且液压蓄能器36被电气存储装置51取代。
图10示意性描述了发动机重启模式,与第一实施方式的图5中说明的操作模式相似,但是可变排量液压电机38现被电动发电机52取代,并且液压蓄能器36现被电气存储装置51取代。
此外,为了避免使配件系统(车辆中除辅助液压系统24或传动系统12外的系统)(诸如动力转向、交流发电机或空调)当发电机关闭时不工作,可以使用存储于能量存储装置中的能量给这些配件系统供能。可以机械地将这些配件系统连接至电动发电机52。然后,如果发动机14未运行且正要重启,那么由电气存储装置51供能的电动发电机52将驱动这些配件系统。
图11示意性描述了替代性燃料节省系统102,所述燃料节省系统102安装于车辆的传动系统12上。图11所示的传动系统12的组件为:内燃机14和变速器16,一起形成发动机-变速器总成18;及将轮组22连接至变速器16的传动轴20,。轮组22配备制动能量回收系统50。辅助系统24通过液压连接线25连接至辅助液压泵26,所述辅助液压泵26可通过内燃机14或通过可变排量液压电机38驱动。因为辅助液压泵26总是与内燃机14机械地连接,所以将卸载阀46放置于辅助液压泵26与辅助系统24之间的液压连接线25上。该卸载阀46用于当启动固定排量泵47时将液压流体转移至贮液器37。
燃料节省系统102使用可变排量液压电机38,所述可变排量液压电机38机械地连接至辅助液压泵26及内燃机14。可变排量液压电机38也液压连接至液压蓄能器36。液压蓄能器36用于在压力下存储液压流体。在液压蓄能器36内通过在活塞或隔膜的相对侧上的加压气体从液压流体产生压力。可变排量液压电机38操作为通过加压液压流体使用从液压蓄能器36接收的能量并将它变换为旋转运动。因此,使用以加压液压流体形式存储于液压蓄能器36中的能量,可变排量液压电机38适配为机械地连接以通过所述旋转运动来驱动机械装置。可变排量液压电机38可通过PTO连接至内燃机14或直接在内燃机14的曲轴或飞轮上。可变排量液压电机38可通过离合器连接至内燃机14,以当不需要时允许脱离电机38。此外,辅助液压泵26可连接至PTO、直接在内燃机14的曲轴或飞轮上、或任何其它便利位置。辅助液压泵26可由可变排量液压电机38直接驱动,所述辅助液压泵26可为固定或可变排量泵。
存储于蓄能器36中的能量由制动能量回收系统50提供。在制动能量回收系统50中,有由轮组22驱动的可变排量泵,当控制器30增加可变排量泵的排量时,产生阻力。这对抗轮组22的滚动运动,从而协助其制动。由可变排量泵泵送的液压流体的流速越大,对于轮组22的制动的协助越大。
控制器30通过将车辆“基础”制动系统的制动力与由制动能量回收系统50随其存储能量而提供的制动协助小心地结合来匹配制动需求。有利地,可变排量泵根据必须施加于轮组22的最大制动扭矩进行大小调整。控制器30然后可调节可变排量泵的排量,以在未超过制动需求或蓄能器36的容量的情况下,使对制动系统的制动协助的水平最大化。控制器30将蓄能器36的容量纳入考虑,并且因此可根据蓄能器36的存储可用性来降低制动协助水平。制动需求的检测可以许多不同方式实现:电气地、电子地、液压地或气动地,在制动系统上任何便利位置处。
第二液压可变排量电机41液压连接至蓄能器36。电机41操作为通过加压液压流体使用从蓄能器36接收的能量并将它变换为旋转运动。该电机41并不以任何方式直接连接至内燃机14。
固定排量液压泵43机械地连接至第二液压可变排量电机41。固定排量液压泵43可从贮液器45泵送液压流体,以通过液压连接将液压压力提供至车辆变速器16。第二电机41适配为驱动固定排量液压泵43,所述固定排量液压泵43转而提供液压压力至变速器16。第二辅助液压泵47也机械地连接至第二液压可变排量电机41。第二辅助泵47还通过液压回路液压连接至辅助系统24。第二电机41适配为驱动所述第二辅助泵47,所述第二辅助泵47转而提供液压压力至辅助系统24以给它供能。
第二电机41根据驱动固定排量液压泵43和第二辅助泵47所需的最大扭矩进行大小调整,所述固定排量液压泵43和第二辅助泵47分别正在给变速器16和辅助系统24供能。
第一和第二辅助液压泵26和47都可从辅助贮液器37泵送液压流体以提供液压压力至辅助系统24。
固定排量液压泵43从变速器流体贮液器45泵送液压流体。
因为第二辅助液压泵47和辅助液压泵26都连接至辅助系统24,所以它们中任一者可提供液压动力至辅助系统24。
图12示意性描述了燃料节省系统102的正常操作模式。辅助液压泵26由内燃机14驱动,以馈送辅助液压系统24。在这一点上,可变排量液压电机41不转动,因此,两个固定排量液压泵43和47中任一者均不转动。
图13示意性描述了燃料节省系统102的再生制动模式。在该模式下,当控制器30检测到车辆正在运动且驾驶员踩下制动踏板时,启动制动能量回收系统50以产生所需的制动扭矩至轮组22,直至车辆停止。所回收的能量以加压流体形式存储于液压蓄能器36中。辅助液压泵26由内燃机14驱动以馈送辅助液压系统24。在这一点上,可变排量液压电机41不转动,因此,两个固定排量液压泵43和47中任一者均不转动。
图14示意性描述了燃料节省系统102的发动机关闭模式。在该模式下,当车辆停止时,如果控制器30感测到液压蓄能器36中存储有足够能量,那么内燃机14关机。当内燃机14关闭时,其旋转从空转速度变为零。因为辅助液压泵26机械地连接至内燃机14,所以当内燃机14关闭时,辅助液压系统24不再由辅助液压泵26进行馈送。然后同时,可变排量液压电机41的转速相反地增加以驱动两个固定排量液压泵43和47。在内燃机14关闭期间,调节由液压蓄能器36供能的可变排量液压电机41以保持至辅助液压系统24的所需液压动力。此外,为了防止变速器16从驱动齿轮脱离而落入空挡齿轮,当发动机14关闭时,由固定排量液压泵43通过液压回路不断地提供适当液压压力至变速器16。固定排量液压泵43由可变排量电机41供能并只提供足够压力至变速器16以使它保持在驱动齿轮中。
图15示意性描述了发动机重启模式。在该模式下,当控制器30检测到车辆驾驶员松开制动踏板并踩下加速踏板时,或当液压蓄能器36中的能量水平过低时,重启内燃机14。可变排量液压电机38由液压蓄能器36供能,以提供起动扭矩至内燃机14。随着内燃机14重启,辅助液压泵26开始供应液压动力至辅助液压系统24。同时,可变排量液压电机41的转速相反地减少至零。当内燃机14达到其空转速度时,内燃机14被认为重启。一旦内燃机14重启,只要液压蓄能器36中留有一些能量,可变排量液压电机38就可不断提供扭矩至内燃机14,以减少内燃机14的负荷。
控制器30监测电机38和41的转速,以判定驱动辅助系统24所需的加压液压流体水平。例如,当这些电机中任一者正在驱动辅助系统24时,来自辅助系统24的增加的能量需求会引起电机38或41的转速减慢。控制器30通过增加加压液压流体的流量至任一电机来对所述减慢作出响应。控制器30也可通过检测任一电机38或41的转速增加来判定辅助系统24已经不再有能量需求。
本领域技术人员应当理解,虽然以上替代性实施方式已经进行详细说明,但是在不脱离所主张的主题的情况下,可以进行许多修改。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于车辆的燃料节省系统,所述车辆由内燃机供能且配备有液压启动自动变速器,并且也具有辅助液压系统,所述燃料节省系统包括:
变速器流体泵,能够供应加压变速器流体至所述自动变速器;
能量存储装置;
至少一个电机,由所述能量存储装置供能,
所述至少一个电机包括机械地连接至所述变速器流体泵及用于所述辅助液压系统的泵的电机以及耦接至所述发动机的电机;
控制器,对一个或多个操作条件作出响应以当所述车辆停止时关闭所述发动机,并使用机械地连接至所述变速器流体泵及用于所述辅助液压系统的所述泵的所述电机,以便启动所述变速器流体泵供应足够动力至所述变速器以保持所述变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中,及启动用于所述辅助液压系统的所述泵以供应加压液压流体至所述辅助液压系统,
所述控制器还对一个或多个操作条件作出响应以启动耦接至所述发动机的所述电机,以便在所述变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中的情况下重启所述发动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述至少一个电机包括单个电机,所述单个电机可脱离地耦接至所述发动机,并且所述单个电机还机械地连接至所述变速器流体泵及用于所述辅助液压系统的所述泵。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述至少一个电机包括:第一电机,耦接至所述发动机;及第二电机,机械地连接至所述变速器流体泵及用于所述辅助液压系统的所述泵。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述能量存储装置为电池或电容器,并且所述至少一个电机为由所述电池或电容器供能的电动机/发电机。
5.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述能量存储装置为液压蓄能器,以及所述至少一个电机为由所述液压蓄能器供能的液压电机。
6.根据权利要求4所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述电池为可充电电池。
7.根据权利要求5所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述液压蓄能器通过制动能量回收系统进行充能。
8.根据权利要求2所述的燃料节省系统,其中,用于所述辅助液压系统的所述泵可脱离地耦接至所述发动机,并且当所述发动机运行时,被所述发动机启动以供应加压液压流体至所述辅助液压系统。
9.根据权利要求3所述的燃料节省系统,所述燃料节省系统还包括用于所述辅助液压系统的独立泵,所述独立泵耦接至所述发动机,并且当所述发动机运行时,被所述发动机启动以供应加压液压流体至所述辅助液压系统。
10.根据权利要求2或3所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述变速器流体泵在所述自动变速器外部。
11.根据权利要求1所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述车辆包括一个或多个配件系统,并且其中当所述发动机关闭且所述至少一个电机打开时,所述能量存储装置供能至所述一个或多个配件系统。
12.根据权利要求1所述的燃料节省系统,其中,启动耦接至所述发动机的所述电机以在所述变速器齿合在驱动齿轮中的情况下重启所述发动机还将所述车辆设置为处于运动中。
13.根据权利要求1所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述一个或多个操作条件包括所述车辆的速度指示,所述控制器对所述指示作出响应以关闭所述发动机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述操作条件还包括存储于所述能量存储装置中的能量的量,所述控制器基于存储的能量的所述量来评估是否关闭所述发动机。
15.根据权利要求1所述的燃料节省系统,其中,所述操作条件包括车辆操作者信号,所述控制器对所述操作者信号作出响应以重启所述发动机。
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