CN104052389A - 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器 - Google Patents

具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104052389A
CN104052389A CN201410212425.9A CN201410212425A CN104052389A CN 104052389 A CN104052389 A CN 104052389A CN 201410212425 A CN201410212425 A CN 201410212425A CN 104052389 A CN104052389 A CN 104052389A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
concentrating solar
solar collector
metal film
mirror
convex surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201410212425.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN104052389B (zh
Inventor
D.K.福尔克
P.Y.梅达
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Palo Alto Research Center Inc
Original Assignee
Palo Alto Research Center Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Palo Alto Research Center Inc filed Critical Palo Alto Research Center Inc
Publication of CN104052389A publication Critical patent/CN104052389A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104052389B publication Critical patent/CN104052389B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02Details
    • H01L31/02002Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0508Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52PV systems with concentrators

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

一种卡塞格林(Cassegrain)型聚光型太阳能收集器电池,包括设置在透光(例如玻璃)光学元件的相对凸面和凹面上的主镜和次镜。光进入围绕着次镜的孔内,并被主镜朝着次镜反射,次镜将该光再次反射到光伏电池上,该光伏电池安装在由凸面环绕的中央区域上。主镜和次镜优选地形成为直接沉积或电镀在光学元件上的镜面膜。聚光型太阳能收集器阵列包括片状的光学面板,该光学面板包括排列成行的多个光学元件。光伏电池直接安装在光学面板上,各个收集器电池的主镜包括金属膜片段,这些金属膜片段由光伏电池耦合起来,以促进所产生的电能进行传输。旁路二极管与光伏电池并联连接。

Description

具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器
本申请是申请人帕洛阿尔托研究中心公司于2006年4月18日提交的同名中国专利申请2006100770223的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能发生器,具体地,本发明涉及聚光型太阳能收集器。
背景技术
用来产生电能的光伏太阳能收集设备通常包括平板收集器和聚光型太阳能收集器。平板收集器通常包括光伏电池阵列和形成在半导体(例如,单晶硅或多晶硅)基板上的相联电子设备,由于从平板收集器输出的电能是阵列面积的正函数,因此需要很大、很昂贵的半导体基板。聚光型太阳能收集器通过采用例如抛物面反射器或能够聚焦光束的透镜聚集光束(即太阳光线),产生强度更高的太阳能光束,而后又将太阳能光束引导到很小的光伏电池上,从而降低了对大半导体基板的需求。因此,聚光型太阳能收集器比起平板收集器的优点在于它们所使用的半导体的量少得多,另一个优点在于能够更加有效地产生电能。
传统的聚光型太阳能收集器存在的问题在于制造、操作和维护起来很昂贵。在传统的收集器中使用的用以聚焦光束的反射器和/或透镜是分别制造的,因此必需很费力地进行装配,以在聚焦的光束和光伏电池之间提供正确的对准。另外,随着时间的流逝,反射器和/或透镜可能由于热循环或振动而变得不再对准,而且可能由于暴露于环境而变得很脏。从而,形式为清洁和调节反射器/透镜的维护就变得非常重要,特别当反射器/透镜制造成很难清洁的不平坦形状时。
因此,需要一种能够避免与传统聚光型PV电池相关联的昂贵装配以及维护费用的聚光器型PV电池及阵列。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种有效的卡塞格林(Cassegrain)型聚光型太阳能收集器,该聚光型太阳能收集器通过在粘附于固态透光(例如玻璃)光学元件相对内表面上的主镜与次镜之间反射光,将光收集(例如,聚焦或者以其他方式会聚)到光伏电池上。光学元件包括相对较大的凸面(突起)下表面和上表面,该上表面包括平坦的孔和设在该孔中心处的相对较小凹面(弯曲)表面(例如,凹陷)。主镜和次镜被设置得使反射面面对着光学元件。在一个实施例中,凸面和凹面是相联的锥形(例如,双曲线和/或抛物线)表面,这些锥形表面设置得使穿过孔到达主镜任何点上的光被反射到次镜的相应点上,次镜又再次向主镜的顶点反射该光,光伏电池安装在该顶点处以将光转换成电能。因为光学元件是固态的(即,因为凸面和凹面相对于彼此保持固定),所以主镜和次镜保持着永久地对准,从而维持着最佳的光学操作同时使维护成本最低。而且,在气体/固体界面处的损耗最低,这是因为只有固态光学元件材料(例如,低铁玻璃)定位在主镜与次镜之间。
依照本发明的一个实施例,主镜和次镜是分别直接形成(例如,沉积或电镀)在光学元件的凸面和凹面上的薄膜。通过仔细地模制光学元件使之包括具有期望形状和定位的凸面和凹面,主镜和次镜当形成为镜面材料膜时基本上是自形成和自对准的,从而大大简化了制造过程而且将制造成本降至最低。将主镜和次镜直接形成在光学元件上还有利于用相同的镜面材料(例如银)同时低成本地电镀两个镜面,从而进一步降低了制造成本。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,光学元件被用来作为底板结构,用于支撑光伏电池和相关联的导体,这些相关联的导体串行地电学连接多个光伏电池以形成收集器阵列,从而消除了对单独的印刷电路板的需求,因此降低了制造成本。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,主镜包括两个或多个金属膜部分,这些金属膜部分设置在凸面的不同区域上并被一个或多个窄间隙隔开。采用两个或多个隔开的金属膜部分形成主镜有利于将主镜用作导电通路,从而将聚光型太阳能收集器阵列内相邻收集器的光伏电池电链接起来。在一个实施例中,每个主镜包括两半金属膜,它们被穿过凸面环绕着的中央区域的间隙分开,相邻的半金属膜由安装在中央区域上的光伏电池链接。相关联的旁路晶体管与每个光伏电池串联连接,以避免由于光伏电池故障引起的阵列故障。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,在每个光伏电池上设置散热器,以促进热量从电池转移到相邻主镜部分,由此降低对有源或无源冷却的需求。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,使用高速取放(pick-and-place)设备将光伏电池和其他的部件(例如,旁路二极管和散热器)表面安装到平坦化的中央区域上。在光伏电池与定位在该平坦的中央区域上的主镜膜的下面部分之间设置可选的介电层(例如,焊料掩模),以促进正确的电学连接。
依照本发明的另一个实施例,次镜上覆盖密封剂结构,该密封剂结构的平坦上表面与开孔表面共面,从而提供具有易于清洁的平坦表面的阵列,由此降低维护成本。另外,该密封剂结构保护着次镜免受侵蚀。
附图说明
参看下面的说明、所附的权利要求以及附图,本发明的这些和其他特征、方面以及优点将可以更好地理解,在附图中:
图1是示出依照本发明一个实施例的聚光型太阳能收集器电池的分解透视图;
图2是示出图1的聚光型太阳能收集器电池在工作期间的侧视图;
图3是示出依照本发明另一个实施例的聚光型太阳能收集器电池的分解透视图
图4是示出图3的聚光型太阳能收集器电池的底部透视图;
图5是示出依照本发明另一个实施例的光学面板的透视图;
图6是示出依照本发明另一个实施例、包括图5的光学面板的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列的简化侧视图;
图7是详细示出图6的阵列的聚光型太阳能收集器电池的横截面侧视图;
图8(A)、8(B)以及8(C)是示出依照本发明另一个实施例将光伏电池和旁路二极管安装在图7的聚光型太阳能收集器电池上的方法的放大、背部透视图;
图9是示出依照本发明的另一个实施例的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列的背部透视图;
图10是示出包括图9的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列的太阳能收集器装置的简化平面图。
具体实施方式
图1是显示依照本发明一个实施例的内反射镜、卡塞格林型聚光型太阳能收集器100的分解透视图。聚光型太阳能收集器100通常包括光学元件110,光伏电池120,主镜130和次镜140。光学元件110是固态盘状的透光结构,包括上层111、从上层111下侧突出的相对较大的凸面112、设在上层111上侧的基本平坦的开孔表面115、以及在开孔表面115内规定的相对较小的凹(曲)面(凹陷)117(即,延伸到上层111内)。为了将材料、重量、厚度和光吸收减至最少,上层111可以近乎为零地小。次镜140的凹度可以延伸超过上层111的厚度。光伏电池120定位在中央区域113内,该中央区域113位于凸面112的中央并被凸面112环绕着。主镜130设置在凸面112上,次镜140设置在凹面117上。主镜130和次镜140的形状和设置使得穿过开孔表面115的特定区域进入光学元件110内、沿着预定方向(例如垂直于开孔表面115)传播的光束(线)被主镜130的对应区域反射到次镜140相联区域,并从次镜140的相联区域反射到光伏电池120(例如,直接或者借助于安置在次镜和光伏电池120之间的反射或折射表面,从次镜140反射到光伏电池120),这将在下面进行更详细的描述。如此处所用的,方向术语“上部的”、“下部的”、“上方”以及“下方”旨在为说明的目的提供相对的位置,并不旨在指定绝对的参考系。
依照本发明的一个实施例,主镜130和次镜140通过直接在凸面112和凹面117上溅射或者以其他方式沉积反射镜材料(例如,银(Ag)或铝(Al))而制成,从而使制造成本减至最小并且能提供优良的光学性质。通过采用已知的镜面制作技术在凸面112和凹面117上溅射或者以其他方式形成镜面膜,主镜130基本上成凸面112的形状,次镜140基本上成凹面117的形状。这样,光学元件110被模制或者以其他方式制作,使得凸面112和凹面117被设置和整形成产生期望的镜面形状。应当注意,通过形成具有期望镜面形状和位置的凸面112和凹面117,主镜130和次镜140有效地自形成和自对准,从而消除了与传统聚光型太阳能收集器相联的昂贵的装配和对准成本。另外,因为主镜130和次镜140保持固定在光学元件110上,它们的相对位置永久设定,由此消除了对调整和重新对准的需要,而这些在传统的多部件设置中都是需要的。在一个实施例中,主镜130和次镜140用相同的(同样的)一种材料或多种材料(例如,电镀的Ag)同时形成,从而使制作成本降至最低。另外,通过利用光学元件110的表面制作反射镜,一旦光通过开孔表面115进入光学元件110,光在到达光伏电池120之前仅被主镜130/凸面112和次镜140/凹面117反射。这样,该光经历仅仅一次空气/玻璃界面(即,开孔表面115),从而将传统的多部件聚光型太阳能收集器所具有的损耗降至最小。通过在开孔表面115上采用抗反射涂层,该单个空气/玻璃界面的损耗可以进一步降低。虽然也可以分开形成主镜130和次镜140,然后将这些反射镜分别粘附在凸面112和凹面117上,但是这种制造方法会大大增加制造成本,而且可能会降低直接在凸面112和凹面117上形成反射镜膜所提供的优良的光学性能。
在一个具体实施例中,根据一种已知的玻璃模制法用低铁玻璃(例如,由Pilkington PLC, UK制造的光学白玻璃)结构模制出光学元件110。模制的低铁玻璃同其它的制造方法和材料相比提供的几个优点在于例如优良的透射率和表面性质(由于模制玻璃的高粘度能够避免其填充模具表面内的疵点,因此可以获得近乎完美的形状)。尽管模制玻璃由于其优良的光学性质目前被优选地用来制作光学元件110,但是,用其它透光材料和/或制作技术形成的光学元件也可以获得一些上述优点。举例来说,可以机械加工并抛光透明塑料,形成单片的光学元件110,或者胶合或以其他方式固定单独的几片来形成光学元件110。
图2是示出工作期间的聚光型太阳能收集器100的侧视图。类似于传统的聚光型太阳能收集器,利用收集器定位系统(未示出,该系统例如是在Amonix, Incorporated of Torrance, California, USA制造的MegaModule TM 系统内所用的跟踪系统)来定位聚光型太阳能收集器100,使得光束LB(例如太阳光线)沿着期望方向(例如垂直于开孔表面115)被引导到开孔表面115内。光伏电池112基本上设置在聚光区域F内,聚光区域F指的是光束LB被主镜130、次镜140以及任何其它插入光学结构(例如,介电通量聚光器)聚集到的区域。在该公开的实施例中,聚光区域F与中央区域113相重合,该聚光区域F被用传统的取放以及/或光刻处理进行平面化(平坦化)处理,以便有利于安装光伏电池120并进行相关的布线。需要注意,中央区域113位于正下方,并由此由次镜120的“阴影”确定。还需要注意,在主镜130内确定一个开口139,以有利于光通过中央区域113到达光伏电池120。为了便于在中央区域113内定位聚光区域F,凸面112、主镜130、凹面117以及次镜140都以光轴X为中心并且关于光轴X基本对称,光轴X基本上垂直于开孔表面115延伸(即,凸面112和凹面117的弯曲部分由围绕着光轴X转动的圆弧确定)。另外需要注意的是,焦深(即次镜140与光伏电池120之间的距离)可以依据所选择的光学系统进行调节。例如,光学系统可以被选择为产生较短的焦距,从而有利于使中央区域113(并且由此,光伏电池120)凹进光学元件110内。或者,光学系统可以被选择为产生较长的焦距,从而有利于在凸面112之下延伸的台面的末端处形成中央区域113。
光学元件110的尺寸和形状可以进行改变以最优化特定的功能。对于产生期望功率输出所需的更大数量的聚光器,与用较大聚光器构建的模块相比,用直径相对较小的固态聚光器构建的模块将需要更多的装配时间,但是,这样的模块将比用较大聚光器构建的模块引起较少的吸收损耗。另外,如上所建议地,主镜130和次镜140的形状可以采用各种形状,以获得理想的聚光区域。在一个特定实施例中,光学元件110的外径为28mm,凹面117的外径为6.8mm,厚度为7.5mm,凸面112形成为双曲线面,半径为15.000mm,圆锥常数为-1.030,凹陷117也形成为双曲线面,半径为3.438mm,圆锥常数为-2.752。在另一个实施例中,凸面112是抛物面,凹面117是双曲线面。光学领域的熟练人员将认识到,还可以利用其他的圆锥形或以其它形式弯曲的表面来获得将光传输到光伏电池120所需的内反射。
光伏电池120直接安装在光学元件110上,与光学元件110相邻安装,这取决于聚光区域F的位置以及中央区域113的位置。如图2所示,在一个实施例中,中央区域113包括基本上定位在凸面112顶点处的平坦、圆形区域。在其他的实施例中,中央区域113可以凹进光学元件110内(即,更接近凹面117),或者定位在一个突起结构上(即,更远离凹面117)。在一个实施例中,光伏电池120借助于例如硅酮的填隙透明粘合剂128(例如聚联苯硅氧烷(polydiphenylsiloxane)或聚甲基苯基硅氧烷(polymethylphenylsiloxane))安装在中央区域113上,该填隙透明粘合剂128用来将中央区域113外表面与光伏电池120之间折射率的中断(disruptive break)降至最小。光伏电池120然后可以借助于标准的引线接头124连接到外部的布线。适合的光伏(聚光型太阳能)电池例如是由Spectrolab, Inc. of Sylmar, California, USA制造的。
依照本发明的另一个方面,光学元件110被用作底板结构,用于支撑光伏电池120以及导体121和122,导体121和122借助于传统的引线接头结构124和/或焊接互连连接到光伏电池120。在一个实施例中,导体121和122可以例如借助于绝缘(介电)层在主镜130之上印刷或者蚀刻导电材料来形成。在另一个实施例中,如下所述,利用主镜材料来形成导电通路(即,从而消除对单独的导体121和122的需求)。
图3和图4是示出依照本发明另一个实施例的聚光型太阳能收集器200的顶面分解透视图和底面装配透视图。类似于聚光型太阳能收集器100,聚光型太阳能收集器200包括光学元件210,光伏电池220,主镜230以及次镜240。光学元件210在形状上类似于光学元件110,包括上部区域211、对大的凸面212、基本平坦的开孔表面215以及相对小的凹面217。光伏电池120定位在中央区域213内。主镜230和次镜240基本上以上述的方式但以下述的特征分别形成在凸面212上和凹面127上。
如图3所示,光学元件210的上部区域211的围缘包括六个邻接的小面219。如下面进一步详细说明,这种六面设置有利于以高度空间有效的方式形成大阵列的聚光型太阳能收集器200。在其他实施例中,可以使用具有其它周边形状(例如,如上所述,圆形周边形状的聚光器100)的聚光器来制造空间效率较低的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列。
依照本发明的另一个方面,主镜230包括设置在凸面212第一半上的第一金属膜部分231和设置在凸面212第二半部上的第二金属膜部分234。第一金属膜部分231包括半六边形的围缘232和基本半圆形的内缘233,第二金属膜部分234包括半六边形的围缘235和基本半圆形的内缘236。在内缘233与内缘236之间确定一个薄的间隙237,以有利于金属膜部分231和234之间的电绝缘,该间隙237设置得尽可能窄,避免反射光的损耗。如下面另外详细说明地,采用两个或多个间隔开的金属膜部分形成主镜230有利于将主镜230用作导电通路,该导电通路将聚光型太阳能收集器阵列内相邻收集器的光伏电池电学地联接起来。类似于收集器100(如上所述),凸面212设置有平坦的中央区域213。在本实施例中,主镜230包括对应的平坦结构,该平坦结构包括整体地连接到第一金属膜部分231的第一平坦部分238A,和整体地连接到第二金属膜部分234的第二平坦部分238B。依照另一方面,这些平坦部分也被间隙237分开,这些平坦部分中的一个(例如,第一平坦部分238A)确定开口239,该开口239与光轴X相重合,以有利于反射光穿过并到达光伏电池220,光伏电池220基本上如上所述和如图4所示固定在平坦中央部分213上。
图5是示出依照本发明另一个实施例的固态透光光学面板300的透视图,图6是示出包括光学面板300的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列400A的简化侧视图。
参看图5,光学面板300是一个固态透光板,其包括排列成蜂窝图案的光学元件部分210-1至210-7(用虚线绘出)的集成阵列,其中每个光学元件部分210-1至210-7都基本与光学元件210(如上面参看图3和4所述的)相同。这样,光学面板300包括:具有多个突起(凸面)212的下表面305,这些突起212被槽307(如图6所示)分开;以及基本上平坦的孔径(顶)表面315,该开孔表面315包括相对很小、隔开的凹陷(凹面)217,每一个突起212与相联的凹陷217关于相联的光轴X-1至X-7对称,其中光轴X-1至X-7穿过这两个结构的中心。例如,光学元件部分210-1包括关于光轴X-1对称并且被光轴X-1贯穿的突起212-1和凹陷217-1。如图6所示,开孔表面315由相邻光学元件部分的邻接开孔表面部分215总体形成。例如,开孔表面315的部分315-1由光学元件部分210-1的开孔表面部分215-1和光学元件部分210-2的开孔表面部分215-2形成。光学面板300提供的优点在于它有利于以节省空间的方式将许多很小的收集器排列在一起,以防止玻璃的体积变得过大,而且在不需要有源冷却的条件下保持每个PV电池的功率量易于管理。另外,开孔表面315基本上是平坦的,从而相对易于清洁,由此降低维护成本。在该优选实施例中,光学元件面板300为5到20mm厚,每个聚光器200为20到80mm宽。因此,光学面板300相对较薄和平坦,从而比较容易进行模制。
图6示出包括串联电连接的聚光型太阳能收集器200-1、200-2和200-3的阵列部分400A,其中每个聚光型太阳能收集器200-1、200-2和200-3基本上与聚光型太阳能收集器200(如上面参看图4所述的)相同。依照本发明的另一个方面,相邻收集器的金属膜部分在相邻的槽处整体地连接,相邻收集器的金属膜部分通过相联的光伏电池电耦合,从而在相邻的收集器之间形成导电通路。例如,收集器200-1的金属膜部分231-1和234-1通过光伏电池220-1电耦合,而且收集器200-1的金属膜部分234-1在槽307-1处连接到收集器200-2的金属膜部分234-2。收集器200-2和200-3类似地联接在一起,从而形成包括收集器200-1、200-2和200-3的串联的收集器“行”。依照一个实施例,每个收集器收集器200-1、200-2和200-3还包括旁路二极管225,每个旁路二极管具有连接到其第一金属膜部分231的阳极和连接到其第二金属膜部分234的阴极。例如,收集器200-1包括二极管225-1,其具有连接到金属膜部分231-1的阳极和连接到金属膜部分234-1的阴极。旁路二极管225通过促使绕过由于其光伏电池故障而不正常工作的收集器而有利于串联操作(即,避免出现断路状态)。本领域的熟练人员将认识到,旁路电阻仅代表有利于这种串联操作的一种电路情况。
图7是示出依照本发明另一个实施例的聚光型太阳能收集器200-8的横截面侧视图。该聚光型太阳能收集器200-8基本上与收集器200-1至200-7(如上所述)相同,但具有下面任选的特征。
依照图7所示的第一个可选实施例,聚光型太阳能收集器200-8利用表面安装集成电路封装来在金属膜部分231和234上安装光伏电池220和旁路二极管225。在该实施例中,旁路二极管225例如用焊料凸块(solder bump)进行安装,以使旁路二极管225横跨间隙237,其阳极连接到金属膜部分231的延伸部分,其阴极连接到金属膜部分234的延伸部分。类似地,光电二极管电池220包括便于安装到金属膜部分231上的前侧安装封装(front-side mounting package),以使光电二极管电池220的光接收区域定位在开口239之上。
依照另一个备选实施例,聚光型太阳能收集器200-8包括安装到光电二极管电池220背部表面上的散热器,并包括连接到金属膜部分231和234的臂,从而有利于操作期间有效地传热。需要注意,散热器230还可以提供光电二极管电池220到金属膜部分231和234上中至少一个的电连接的至少一部分(例如,通过将光电二极管电池220的阳极连接到金属膜部分234)。在一种备选制造方法中,光电二极管电池和旁路二极管可以安装在特定的散热器结构上,该特定的散热器结构在安装在相联的突起上时提供与主镜金属膜部分的所有电学连接,从而有利于用于在安装成阵列之前测试光电二极管电池的便捷交通工具(convenient vehicle)。在另一个备选实施例(未示出)中,光伏电池可以凹进光学面板内,实施成基板的散热器定位在凹进区域的边缘上,该基板横跨或者以其他方式连接到反射镜金属膜部分。
依照又一个备选实施例,一个密封剂结构720(例如,玻璃或塑料)形成在次镜204上,使次镜240密封在该密封剂结构720的波状(contoured)(弯曲)下表面722与光学面板部分210-8的凹面217之间。该密封剂结构720的上表面725是平坦的,且与部分210-8/光学面板300的上表面215/315共面。密封剂结构720通过提供完全平坦的表面,用来进一步简化维护/清洁处理,同时还用来防止次镜240由于暴露于环境下而被侵蚀。尽管并未示出,但是类似的密封剂层和/或加强结构可以设置在光学面板的下侧上,用来加强并保护主镜膜。
图8(A)、8(B)以及8(C)是示出依照本发明另一个实施例、在制作过程期间的示例性聚光型太阳能收集器200-9的下部中央区域的透视图。该聚光型太阳能收集器200-9基本与收集器200-1至200-7(如上面讨论的)相同,但具有下面附加的特征。
参看图8(A),金属膜231和234如上所述分别形成有平坦部分238A和238B。在本实施例中,金属膜231的平坦部分238A设置有一个突起部分804,该突起部分804限定开口239,金属膜234的平坦部分238B限定凹进区域808,该凹进区域808提供了突起部分804所需的面积,同时在内缘233与236之间存在着隔开间隙237。如图8(B)所示,介电层810(例如,焊料掩模)然后形成在金属膜231和234的平坦部分238A和238B之上(即,桥接间隙237),穿过介电层810限定通路820和825,以暴露平坦部分238A和238B的下表面。介电层可以用已知技术,如喷射印刷或丝网印刷来应用。参看图8(C),然后使用高速取放设备放置光伏电池220和旁路二极管225,使从相联封装(或裸露芯片)的下表面伸出的焊料凸块分别安置在介电层810内形成的相联通路上。然后进行回流焊接处理,将光伏电池220和旁路二极管225固定在平坦的金属膜部分238A和238B上。如通路820的放置所示,焊料凸块将光伏电池220连接到突起部分804的围缘(图8(B)),从而需要单独连接到金属膜234。在该实施例中,这种连接借助于任意的引线接合处理来实现,以在例如光伏电池220的阳极或阴极与金属膜234的平坦部分238B之间产生引线接合815。
图9是示出依照本发明的另一个实施例制造的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列400B的底部透视图。阵列400B包括排列成平行的行的多个收集器200-11至200-14、200-21至200-25、以及200-31至200-34,收集器200-11至200-14形成第一行,收集器200-21至200-25形成第二行,收集器200-31至200-34形成第三行。图9所示的每个收集器基本上与图8所示的收集器200-9相同。如上所述,每个收集器的金属膜片段(segment)都通过相关联的光电二极管电池和可选旁路二极管进行电学耦合。例如,以间隙237-11隔开的金属膜231-11和234-11以上述方式通过光电二极管电池220-11和旁路二极管225-11电学耦合。另外,每行中每个相邻收集器的金属膜连接,以形成相联的金属膜片段。例如,收集器200-11的金属膜234-11和收集器200-12的金属膜231-12沿着接缝901连接,以形成基本上半沙漏形(hour-glass-shaped)的金属膜片段900-11。类似地,收集器200-12的金属膜234-12和收集器200-13的金属膜231-13沿着相关联的接缝901连接,以形成金属膜片段900-12。从而,用于包含收集器200-11至200-14的行的导电通路由金属膜片段900-11至900-14形成。类似地,用于包含收集器200-21至200-25的行的导电通路由金属膜片段900-21至900-25形成,用于包含收集器200-31至200-34的行的导电通路由金属膜片段900-31至900-34形成。
相邻金属膜片段之间的电绝缘(即,间隙237),以及相邻金属膜片段行之间的电绝缘通过在相邻金属膜片段行之间蚀刻出或以其他方式形成狭长的间隙来提供。例如,金属膜片段900-11至900-14与金属膜片段900-21至900-25用狭长间隙937-12隔开。类似地,金属膜片段900-21至900-25与金属膜片段900-31至900-34用狭长间隙937-34隔开。依照一个实施例,金属膜片段900-11至900-34包括光学面板上的溅射的银层。然后,例如用已知的蜡染(wax-printing)技术形成掩模。可以利用双侧印刷以确定出光学系统的两侧。随后,光学面板沉浸在一个或多个电镀槽内,以累积串式布线(string wiring)所需的金属厚度。在一个实施例中,电镀的铜或镍层形成在银层上,而不是镀在掩模上。铜的厚度需要为约1微米,以便用作充分导电的层,将电损耗限制为低于转换功率的1%。一旦完成电镀,剥离掩模,并将电镀金属用作蚀刻掩模蚀刻掉金属镜面涂层。这样做的目的在于从上侧的透光孔(暴露形成在其上的抗反射涂层)蚀刻掉镜面金属,并且打开下侧上的间隙237和937以形成需要的金属膜片段。然后用上述的方法进行随后处理,例如安装光伏电池。
图10是示出依照本发明另一个实施例的聚光型太阳能收集器单元400C的平面图。聚光型太阳能收集器单元400C包括以上述方式形成的光学面板300C、用于支撑和保护光学面板300C的金属支撑框架410(例如,铝或钢)、用于将收集器单元400C安装在收集器阵列网络(未示出)内的插接件420。光学面板300C包括数行聚光型太阳能收集器,这些收集器如上所述由金属膜片段900-11至900-87链接起来。端部片段910-12、910-23、910-34、910-45、910-56、910-67以及910-78以示出的方式在相邻的行之间提供连接,部分片段910-1和910-8与金属化片段910-81一起用来在这些收集器与插接件420之间提供连接。示出的片段图形是大大地简化的,仅被用来提供图解的目的,本领域的熟练人员将认识到,可以采用许多种替代的图形。将每个相邻的收集器隔开的圆包括例如如上所述的介电区域和电路组件(例如,光伏电池200-11被示出位于片段900-11与900-12之间)。尽管在单元400C中示出的所有收集器连接成一条串行的串(string),该串包括由端部片段相链的所有八行,但是可以理解,可以以类似的方式形成在每个单元上两个或多个串行的串。
虽然已经针对某些特定的实施例描述了本发明,但是对于本领域的熟练人员很清楚地是,本发明这些创造性的特征也可以应用于其它实施例,所有这些都应当落入本发明的范围内。例如,在以如上所述的方式将次镜形成在第一(前)片(pane)、将主镜形成在第二(背)片这种两片的布置中,也可以实现本发明的一些有益方面。虽然这样的布置得益于例如利用主镜膜来提供串式布线,但是这样的布置需要在装配期间定位所述片,从而增加了维护成本。在另一个备选实施例中,主镜和次镜可以预先形成,然后用合适的粘合剂安装到光学元件上,但是这种方法会显著增加制造成本。在又一个实施例中,形成次镜所利用的曲面可以是凸面而不是凹面,从而呈传统的格雷戈里(Gregorian)型系统的状态。在另一个实施例中,形成主镜和次镜所利用的曲面可以是椭圆形、椭球形、球形或者其它的弯曲形状。

Claims (25)

1.一种聚光型太阳能收集器,包括:
固态透光光学元件,其具有包括相对较大凸面的第一侧、包括开孔表面的第二侧、以及在所述开孔表面的中央部分内确定的相对较小的曲面;其中所述开孔表面基本平坦,使得垂直射向所述开孔表面、穿过所述开孔表面、同时穿过所述开孔表面和所述凸面之间的所述光学元件的平行光束保持平行;
设置在所述凸面上的主镜;以及
设置在所述曲面上的次镜。
2.根据权利要求1的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括安装在为所述凸面所包围的中央区域上的光伏元件。
3.根据权利要求1的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述主镜和次镜包括分别在凸面和曲面上直接地形成的各反射镜膜。
4.根据权利要求3的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述主镜和次镜包括相同的反射镜材料。
5.一种聚光型太阳能收集器,包括:
固态透光光学元件,其具有包括相对较大凸面的第一侧、包括基本平坦的开孔表面的第二侧、以及在所述开孔表面的中央部分内确定的相对较小的曲面; 
设置在所述凸面上的主镜;以及
设置在所述曲面上的次镜,
其中所述主镜和次镜限定重合的光轴,且被加工成形,使得基本上平行于所述光轴行进、且被引导穿过所述开孔表面的每个区域的光束被所述主镜的对应区域朝所述次镜反射,以及被述次镜的对应区域朝着为所述凸面包围的中央区域再反射。
6.根据权利要求5的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述主镜限定第一圆锥面,以及所述次镜限定第二圆锥面,其中所述第一圆锥面和所述第二圆锥面对齐,使得平行于光轴射到所述第一圆锥面的任何点上的光束被反射到所述第二圆锥面的对应点,以及从所述对应点反射到所述中央区域。
7.根据权利要求5的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述凸面和曲面关于光轴基本对称,所述开孔表面基本上垂直于所述光轴。
8.根据权利要求1的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述主镜包括配置在所述凸面的第一区域的第一金属膜部分,以及配置在所述凸面的第二区域、且与所述第一金属膜部分通过缝隙隔开的第二金属膜部分,以及
其中所述聚光型太阳能收集器还包括配置在由所述第一金属膜部分和第二金属膜部分中的至少一个限定的开口上、且电连接在所述第一金属膜部分和第二金属膜部分之间的光伏电池,所述第一金属膜部分和第二金属膜部分限定开口。
9.根据权利要求8的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述光学元件还包括由所述凸面包围的平坦中央区域,
其中所述平坦中央区域定位成使得它被所述光轴横切;以及
其中所述所述第一金属膜部分和第二金属膜部分的每一个包括配置在所述平坦中央区域的平坦部分。
10.根据权利要求8的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括具有连接到所述第一金属膜部分的阳极和连接到所述第二金属膜部分的阴极的旁路二极管。
11.根据权利要求8的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括安装在所述光伏电池上的散热器。
12.根据权利要求8的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括配置在所述光伏元件和所述光学元件的中央区域之间的介电层。
13.根据权利要求1的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括形成在所述次镜上的密封剂结构,使得所述次镜处在所述密封剂结构的曲面和所述光学元件的曲面之间。
14.一种聚光型太阳能收集器,包括:
固态透光光学元件,该固态透光光学元件包括光学材料,以及具有包括相对较大凸面的第一侧、包括平坦的开孔表面的第二侧、以及在所述开孔表面的中央部分内限定的相对较小曲面;
其中仅所述光学材料被配置在所述相对较大凸面和所述相对较小曲面之间,以及
其中所述凸面和所述曲面二者关于光轴基本对称,所述开孔表面基本上垂直于所述光轴。
15.根据权利要求14的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括:
设置在所述凸面上的主镜;以及
设置在所述曲面上的次镜。
16.根据权利要求15的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述主镜和所述次镜被加工成形,使得基本上平行于光轴行进并导引通过所述开孔表面的每个区域的光束由所述主镜的对应区域向所述次镜反射,以及由所述次镜的对应区域再度反射到由所述凸面包围的中央区域上。
17.根据权利要求16的聚光型太阳能收集器,还包括安装在所述中央区域上的光伏元件。
18.根据权利要求16的聚光型太阳能收集器,其中所述主镜和次镜包括分别在所述凸面和所述曲面上直接地形成的各反射镜膜。
19.一种聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,包括:
固态透光光学面板,该固态透光光学面板包括限定多个相对较大突起的第一表面,和限定多个相对较小凹陷的开孔表面,每个凹陷与相应的突起相关联,使得每个凹陷和其相关联的对应突起形成光学面板的光学元件部分,其中所述开孔表面基本平坦,使得垂直射向且通过所述开孔表面、同时通过所述开孔表面和所述多个突起中对应的一个之间的光学元件的平行光束保持平行;
设置在所述第一表面上的多个主镜,使得每个主镜设置在所述多个突起中相应的突起的凸面上;以及
多个次镜,每个次镜设置在所述多个凹陷中对应的凹陷内。
20.根据权利要求19的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,
其中所述多个主镜包括多个形成在第一表面上的隔开的金属膜片段;以及
其中所述聚光型太阳能收集器阵列还包括多个光伏电池,每个光伏电池耦合在所述多个隔开的金属膜片段中的相关联对之间。
21.根据权利要求20的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,其中所述多个隔开的金属膜片段通过所述多个光伏电池串联耦合。
22.根据权利要求21的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,还包括多个旁路晶体管,每个旁路晶体管与所述多个光伏电池中相关联的光伏电池并联连接。
23.一种聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,包括:
光学面板,其包括具有第一侧和第二侧的固态透光光学材料,其中仅所述光学材料配置在所述第一侧和所述第二侧之间;
安装在所述光学面板的所述第一侧上、成排布置的多个隔开的导电金属膜片段,其中每个金属膜片段包括面向所述光学面板内、朝向所述第二侧的反射表面;以及
安装在所述光学面板的第一侧上的多个光伏电池,每个光伏电池电连接在一对相邻的金属膜片段之间,使得每排所述金属膜片段通过相关联的光伏电池串联连接;
其中所述光学面板包括多个由所述光学材料形成、配置在所述第二侧上的突起,使得每个突起形成所述光学面板的相关联的光学元件部分;以及
其中所述第一表面基本平坦,使得垂直射向且通过所述第一表面、同时通过所述开孔表面和所述多个突起中对应的一个之间的光学面板的平行光束保持平行。
24.根据权利要求23的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,其中所述多个金属膜片段中的每个金属膜片段在一对相邻的突起之间延伸。
25.根据权利要求1的聚光型太阳能收集器阵列,其中所述主镜和次镜限定焦点区,其中所述焦点区位于所述固态光学元件的凸面下延伸的台面上。
CN201410212425.9A 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器 Expired - Fee Related CN104052389B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/110611 2005-04-19
US11/110,611 US7906722B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2005-04-19 Concentrating solar collector with solid optical element
CNA2006100770223A CN1854637A (zh) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2006100770223A Division CN1854637A (zh) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104052389A true CN104052389A (zh) 2014-09-17
CN104052389B CN104052389B (zh) 2016-10-26

Family

ID=36678538

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201410212425.9A Expired - Fee Related CN104052389B (zh) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器
CNA2006100770223A Pending CN1854637A (zh) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2006100770223A Pending CN1854637A (zh) 2005-04-19 2006-04-18 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7906722B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1715260B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5016251B2 (zh)
CN (2) CN104052389B (zh)
AU (1) AU2006201575B2 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0601296A (zh)
IL (1) IL175007A (zh)
PT (1) PT1715260E (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111257232A (zh) * 2020-03-19 2020-06-09 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种高效收集euv光的多层膜光学元件碳污染实验装置
TWI704764B (zh) * 2019-05-10 2020-09-11 黃培勛 集光鏡片、集光模組、太陽能電池裝置以及太陽能電池系統

Families Citing this family (148)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7906722B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2011-03-15 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Concentrating solar collector with solid optical element
US8063300B2 (en) * 2005-05-26 2011-11-22 Solfocus, Inc. Concentrator solar photovoltaic array with compact tailored imaging power units
US20080047605A1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2008-02-28 Regents Of The University Of California Multi-junction solar cells with a homogenizer system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US8419232B2 (en) 2005-07-28 2013-04-16 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Free-form lenticular optical elements and their application to condensers and headlamps
US8631787B2 (en) * 2005-07-28 2014-01-21 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Multi-junction solar cells with a homogenizer system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US7765949B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2010-08-03 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Extrusion/dispensing systems and methods
US7799371B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2010-09-21 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Extruding/dispensing multiple materials to form high-aspect ratio extruded structures
US20070107773A1 (en) 2005-11-17 2007-05-17 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Bifacial cell with extruded gridline metallization
US8283554B2 (en) * 2005-12-19 2012-10-09 Corning Incorporated Method and apparatus for concentrating light
US7877921B1 (en) 2006-03-06 2011-02-01 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for combining light from two sources to illuminate a reticle
EP1997154A2 (en) * 2006-03-08 2008-12-03 Light Prescriptions Innovators, LLC. Multi-junction solar cells with a homogenizer system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US7855335B2 (en) 2006-04-26 2010-12-21 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Beam integration for concentrating solar collector
US7851693B2 (en) 2006-05-05 2010-12-14 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Passively cooled solar concentrating photovoltaic device
US8713845B1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2014-05-06 Raytheon Canada Limited Method and apparatus for efficiently collecting radiation
US7780812B2 (en) 2006-11-01 2010-08-24 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Extrusion head with planarized edge surface
US8322025B2 (en) 2006-11-01 2012-12-04 Solarworld Innovations Gmbh Apparatus for forming a plurality of high-aspect ratio gridline structures
US8226391B2 (en) 2006-11-01 2012-07-24 Solarworld Innovations Gmbh Micro-extrusion printhead nozzle with tapered cross-section
US7922471B2 (en) 2006-11-01 2011-04-12 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Extruded structure with equilibrium shape
US7928015B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2011-04-19 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar cell fabrication using extruded dopant-bearing materials
US7638438B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2009-12-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar cell fabrication using extrusion mask
US20080142000A1 (en) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 Sol Focus, Inc. Optic spacing nubs
US20080203411A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Hing Wah Chan Direct attachment of optically-active device to optical element
WO2008097805A2 (en) * 2007-02-02 2008-08-14 Solfocus, Inc. Conductor fabrication for optical element
US20090025784A1 (en) * 2007-02-02 2009-01-29 Sol Focus, Inc. Thermal spray for solar concentrator fabrication
US20080185032A1 (en) * 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 Macdonald Robert Discrete secondary reflector for solid concentrator
WO2008097688A1 (en) 2007-02-02 2008-08-14 Solfocus, Inc. Thermal spray for solar concentrator fabrication
WO2008103987A2 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Concentrating photovoltaic system using a fresnel lens and nonimaging secondary optics
US20090231739A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2009-09-17 The Regents Of The University Of California A California Corporation Matrix formulation of kohler integrating system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US7954449B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2011-06-07 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Wiring-free, plumbing-free, cooled, vacuum chuck
US20080282828A1 (en) * 2007-05-19 2008-11-20 The Boeing Company Pointing a plurality of elements in the same direction
US7671270B2 (en) * 2007-07-30 2010-03-02 Emcore Solar Power, Inc. Solar cell receiver having an insulated bypass diode
US20090056789A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Vladimir Draganov Solar concentrator and solar concentrator array
US20090107540A1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-04-30 Solfocus, Inc. Non-Imaging Concentrator With Spacing Nubs
US20090114265A1 (en) * 2007-11-03 2009-05-07 Solfocus, Inc. Solar Concentrator
WO2009059261A1 (en) * 2007-11-03 2009-05-07 Solfocus, Inc. Improved monolithic mirror array
US20090120500A1 (en) * 2007-11-14 2009-05-14 Eric Prather Solar cell package for solar concentrator
DE112009001122A5 (de) 2008-05-07 2011-03-24 Peter Dr.-Ing. Draheim Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Konzentrieren von einfallendem Licht
GB2471816B (en) * 2008-05-12 2012-10-24 Univ Arizona State Photovoltaic generator with a spherical imaging lens for use with a paraboloidal solar reflector
PT104064A (pt) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-19 Manuel Pedro Ivens Col Pereira Concentradores primários de étendue ajustada combinados com secundários associados a múltiplos receptores e com redução de convecção
US7928316B2 (en) * 2008-06-05 2011-04-19 Solfocus, Inc. Solar concentrator backpan
US7999175B2 (en) 2008-09-09 2011-08-16 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Interdigitated back contact silicon solar cells with laser ablated grooves
US20100071768A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-25 Solapoint Corporation Enhanced solar collector
US8730179B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2014-05-20 Apple Inc. Integrated touch sensor and solar assembly
US9127822B2 (en) * 2008-10-10 2015-09-08 Sunflower Corporation Afocal optical concentrator
US20100108121A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Solapoint Corporation Concentrating solar cell module
US8117983B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2012-02-21 Solarworld Innovations Gmbh Directional extruded bead control
US20100122721A1 (en) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-20 Solapoint Corporation Array type concentrating solar cell system
US8080729B2 (en) 2008-11-24 2011-12-20 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Melt planarization of solar cell bus bars
US8960120B2 (en) 2008-12-09 2015-02-24 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Micro-extrusion printhead with nozzle valves
US10416425B2 (en) * 2009-02-09 2019-09-17 X-Celeprint Limited Concentrator-type photovoltaic (CPV) modules, receiver and sub-receivers and methods of forming same
JP5493075B2 (ja) * 2009-02-24 2014-05-14 株式会社クリーンベンチャー21 集光型太陽電池およびこれを用いた追尾型太陽電池装置
US20100218807A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Skywatch Energy, Inc. 1-dimensional concentrated photovoltaic systems
TWI395914B (zh) * 2009-04-09 2013-05-11 Univ Nat Cheng Kung 複合式集光系統
WO2010131164A2 (en) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-18 Aerosun Technologies Ag Solar concentrator
WO2010138606A2 (en) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-02 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Concentrating solar photovoltaic-thermal system
WO2010144867A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Energy Focus, Inc. Method of making solar collector assemblies with optical concentrator encapsulant
US8684545B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2014-04-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Light concentration apparatus, systems and methods
US9039213B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2015-05-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Light concentration apparatus, systems and methods
US8281783B2 (en) * 2009-08-07 2012-10-09 The Boeing Company Thermal absorber with gravity counterflow regeneration for solar AMTEC power systems
US8648245B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2014-02-11 The Boeing Company AMTEC power system with thermal block
US8378208B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-02-19 The Boeing Company AMTEC power system with thermal block
US8629345B1 (en) 2009-08-26 2014-01-14 The Boeing Company Solar AMTEC power system
US8575468B2 (en) * 2009-08-26 2013-11-05 The Boeing Company Solar AMTEC power system
US9157581B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2015-10-13 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low profile luminaire with light guide and associated systems and methods
US8864340B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2014-10-21 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low profile light having concave reflector and associated methods
US9028091B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2015-05-12 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low profile light having elongated reflector and associated methods
US9581756B2 (en) 2009-10-05 2017-02-28 Lighting Science Group Corporation Light guide for low profile luminaire
US8344237B1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2013-01-01 The Boeing Company AMTEC power system
WO2011058941A1 (ja) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-19 京セラ株式会社 光電変換装置、光電変換素子収納用パッケージおよび光電変換モジュール
US20110017267A1 (en) * 2009-11-19 2011-01-27 Joseph Isaac Lichy Receiver for concentrating photovoltaic-thermal system
US8708507B2 (en) * 2010-03-03 2014-04-29 Masataka Shirasaki Optical apparatus for magnifying a view of an object at a distance
JP5557144B2 (ja) * 2010-03-03 2014-07-23 正孝 白▲崎▼ 光学器具
US20110226307A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Solapoint Corporation Three-dimensional type concentrating solar cell system
WO2011127572A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2011-10-20 John Robert Mumford Solar concentrators, solar collectors and methods of making same
US20110271999A1 (en) 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Receiver for concentrating photovoltaic-thermal system
US8686279B2 (en) 2010-05-17 2014-04-01 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Concentrating solar energy collector
US8669462B2 (en) 2010-05-24 2014-03-11 Cogenra Solar, Inc. Concentrating solar energy collector
CN102315292A (zh) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-11 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 太阳能电池装置
US9024536B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2015-05-05 Biological Illumination, Llc Tunable LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light and associated methods
US9532423B2 (en) 2010-07-23 2016-12-27 Lighting Science Group Corporation System and methods for operating a lighting device
US9827439B2 (en) 2010-07-23 2017-11-28 Biological Illumination, Llc System for dynamically adjusting circadian rhythm responsive to scheduled events and associated methods
US8465167B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-06-18 Lighting Science Group Corporation Color conversion occlusion and associated methods
US8760370B2 (en) 2011-05-15 2014-06-24 Lighting Science Group Corporation System for generating non-homogenous light and associated methods
US8841864B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2014-09-23 Biological Illumination, Llc Tunable LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light
US8686641B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2014-04-01 Biological Illumination, Llc Tunable LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light
CN102386966B (zh) * 2010-08-31 2014-12-03 成都易生玄科技有限公司 能源级光线收集的系统化集成
IL209227A0 (en) 2010-11-10 2011-01-31 Uri Neta Common focus energy sources multiplexer
US9893223B2 (en) 2010-11-16 2018-02-13 Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. Solar electricity generation system
US8040609B1 (en) 2010-11-29 2011-10-18 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Self-adjusting solar light transmission apparatus
US8884156B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2014-11-11 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar energy harvesting device using stimuli-responsive material
CN102148589A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2011-08-10 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 基于卡塞格林结构的高倍太阳能聚光光伏系统
US8816188B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Photovoltaic devices with electrically coupled supports
US9360202B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2016-06-07 Lighting Science Group Corporation System for actively cooling an LED filament and associated methods
US9151482B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2015-10-06 Lighting Science Group Corporation Sealed electrical device with cooling system
ITRM20110361A1 (it) * 2011-07-11 2013-01-12 Matteo Repetto Dispositivo fotovoltaico.
CN102291049A (zh) * 2011-08-12 2011-12-21 嘉兴市硅兴电子科技有限公司 智能集能光伏板装置
CN102306674B (zh) * 2011-09-21 2012-12-26 福鼎市一雄光学仪器有限公司 高效太阳能光伏电池聚光装置
GB2495960A (en) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-01 Fromanteel Ltd Solar concentrator
US9289574B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2016-03-22 Biological Illumination, Llc Three-channel tuned LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light
US9220202B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2015-12-29 Biological Illumination, Llc Lighting system to control the circadian rhythm of agricultural products and associated methods
US8963450B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2015-02-24 Biological Illumination, Llc Adaptable biologically-adjusted indirect lighting device and associated methods
US9913341B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2018-03-06 Biological Illumination, Llc LED lamp for producing biologically-adjusted light including a cyan LED
WO2013088621A1 (ja) 2011-12-14 2013-06-20 パナソニック株式会社 太陽電池及びその製造方法
US8752380B2 (en) 2012-05-22 2014-06-17 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Collapsible solar-thermal concentrator for renewable, sustainable expeditionary power generator system
JP5351366B1 (ja) 2012-05-28 2013-11-27 パナソニック株式会社 太陽電池及びその製造方法
US9207433B2 (en) * 2012-06-21 2015-12-08 Broadcom Corporation Imaging enhancements for mobile devices using optical path folding
JP6078869B2 (ja) * 2012-06-28 2017-02-15 株式会社Screenホールディングス 検査装置および検査方法
US9127818B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2015-09-08 Lighting Science Group Corporation Elongated LED luminaire and associated methods
US20180347858A1 (en) * 2012-10-18 2018-12-06 Thermolift, Inc. Combination Solar and Combustion Heater
US9322516B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2016-04-26 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire having vented optical chamber and associated methods
US20140124014A1 (en) 2012-11-08 2014-05-08 Cogenra Solar, Inc. High efficiency configuration for solar cell string
US8878050B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2014-11-04 Boris Gilman Composite photovoltaic device with parabolic collector and different solar cells
WO2014085436A1 (en) 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of University Of Arizona Solar generator with large reflector dishes and concentrator photovoltaic cells in flat arrays
US9318636B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2016-04-19 International Business Machines Corporation Secondary optic for concentrating photovoltaic device
US9270225B2 (en) 2013-01-14 2016-02-23 Sunpower Corporation Concentrating solar energy collector
US9347655B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2016-05-24 Lighting Science Group Corporation Rotatable lighting device
US9459397B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2016-10-04 Lighting Science Group Corporation Edge lit lighting device
US9714756B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-07-25 Morgan Solar Inc. Illumination device
US9960303B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-05-01 Morgan Solar Inc. Sunlight concentrating and harvesting device
US9595627B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-03-14 John Paul Morgan Photovoltaic panel
US9464782B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-11 Morgan Solar Inc. Light panel, optical assembly with improved interface and light panel with improved manufacturing tolerances
US9746127B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2017-08-29 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Frame with compression and tension members to rotate equipment about an axis
CN103607171B (zh) * 2013-10-30 2015-10-21 李敬宇 宽组合花型聚光组件
US9429294B2 (en) 2013-11-11 2016-08-30 Lighting Science Group Corporation System for directional control of light and associated methods
JP2015099336A (ja) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-28 株式会社東芝 光学素子および光学装置
CN104779312B (zh) * 2014-01-09 2017-10-10 讯芯电子科技(中山)有限公司 聚光太阳能光伏模块
US9813022B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2017-11-07 The Boeing Company Dynamically setting a threshold output level for a solar array
US10164140B2 (en) * 2014-02-21 2018-12-25 The Boeing Company Modular self-tracking micro-concentrator for space power
US10236822B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2019-03-19 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for calibrating a micro-concentrator solar array
US10250182B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2019-04-02 The Boeing Company Micro-concentrator solar array using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) based reflectors
NL2012557B1 (en) * 2014-04-02 2016-02-15 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Photovoltaic module.
WO2016115502A1 (en) 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Micro-scale concentrated photovoltaic module
WO2016141041A1 (en) 2015-03-02 2016-09-09 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Glass forming mold of adjustable shape
JP6384801B2 (ja) * 2015-03-11 2018-09-05 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 太陽電池モジュール
US10686400B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2020-06-16 THE ARIZONA BOARD OR REGENTS on behalf of THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Tandem photovoltaic module with diffractive spectral separation
US10551089B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2020-02-04 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Solar concentrator for a tower-mounted central receiver
CN105187002B (zh) * 2015-08-11 2017-09-08 上海盈达空调设备股份有限公司 广谱电磁太阳能电池
US10418501B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2019-09-17 X-Celeprint Limited Wafer-integrated, ultra-low profile concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) for space applications
US10476426B2 (en) 2015-12-09 2019-11-12 Craig Bradley Edward Wildman Systems and methods for collecting solar energy using a tilted linear solar collector
US20170288604A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 Patrick Kenneth Powell Solar panel design assembly
WO2018063348A1 (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Chiu Chia Pin Compound parabolic concentrator including protrusion
US10566926B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2020-02-18 Craig Bradley Edward Wildman Systems and methods for collecting solar energy using a parabolic trough solar collector
US10432137B2 (en) * 2017-09-25 2019-10-01 Cameron Ernest Jabara Solar energy collector and method of operation
FR3074964B1 (fr) * 2017-12-07 2019-11-29 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Fabrication d'un sous-module a concentration utilisant les procedes d'assemblage du photovoltaique
FR3074965B1 (fr) * 2017-12-07 2019-12-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Fabrication d'un sous-module a concentration integrant un materiau dissipateur de chaleur
US10490682B2 (en) 2018-03-14 2019-11-26 National Mechanical Group Corp. Frame-less encapsulated photo-voltaic solar panel supporting solar cell modules encapsulated within multiple layers of optically-transparent epoxy-resin materials
US10931858B2 (en) * 2019-04-25 2021-02-23 The Boeing Company Multi-plane image sensors for high resolution destination detection and tracking
CN112968664A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-15 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 一种智能光谱匹配的太阳电池阵列

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4683348A (en) * 1985-04-26 1987-07-28 The Marconi Company Limited Solar cell arrays
US4792685A (en) * 1987-04-29 1988-12-20 Masami Yamakawa Photoelectric sensor
JPH06342922A (ja) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-13 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 反射型受光器

Family Cites Families (190)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US481946A (en) * 1892-09-06 Spring-tooth attachment for cultivators
US2031387A (en) 1934-08-22 1936-02-18 Schwarz Arthur Nozzle
US2789731A (en) 1955-06-06 1957-04-23 Leonard L Marraffino Striping dispenser
US3032008A (en) 1956-05-07 1962-05-01 Polaroid Corp Apparatus for manufacturing photographic films
US3159313A (en) 1961-05-16 1964-12-01 Dow Chemical Co Multi-component proportioning meter system
US3602193A (en) 1969-04-10 1971-08-31 John R Adams Apparatus for preparing coatings with extrusions
US3973994A (en) 1974-03-11 1976-08-10 Rca Corporation Solar cell with grooved surface
JPS5328751B2 (zh) 1974-11-27 1978-08-16
AT349415B (de) 1975-07-28 1979-04-10 Zimmer Peter Ag Spritzdruckeinrichtung zum bemustern einer ware
US3988166A (en) * 1975-01-07 1976-10-26 Beam Engineering, Inc. Apparatus for enhancing the output of photovoltaic solar cells
US4045246A (en) 1975-08-11 1977-08-30 Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation Solar cells with concentrators
US4021267A (en) 1975-09-08 1977-05-03 United Technologies Corporation High efficiency converter of solar energy to electricity
US4053327A (en) 1975-09-24 1977-10-11 Communications Satellite Corporation Light concentrating solar cell cover
US4018367A (en) 1976-03-02 1977-04-19 Fedco Inc. Manifold dispensing apparatus having releasable subassembly
GB1578018A (en) 1976-03-11 1980-10-29 Schmermund A Glue applications
US4086485A (en) * 1976-05-26 1978-04-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Solar-radiation collection apparatus with tracking circuitry
US4095997A (en) 1976-10-07 1978-06-20 Griffiths Kenneth F Combined solar cell and hot air collector apparatus
US4084985A (en) 1977-04-25 1978-04-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method for producing solar energy panels by automation
US4131485A (en) 1977-08-08 1978-12-26 Motorola, Inc. Solar energy collector and concentrator
US4177083A (en) 1977-09-06 1979-12-04 Acurex Corporation Photovoltaic concentrator
US4148301A (en) 1977-09-26 1979-04-10 Cluff C Brent Water-borne rotating solar collecting and storage systems
US4153476A (en) 1978-03-29 1979-05-08 Nasa Double-sided solar cell package
US4337758A (en) 1978-06-21 1982-07-06 Meinel Aden B Solar energy collector and converter
US4234351A (en) 1978-07-14 1980-11-18 The Boeing Company Process for fabricating glass-encapsulated solar cell arrays and the product produced thereby
US4221468A (en) 1979-02-26 1980-09-09 Macken John A Multi-cavity laser mirror
US4331703A (en) 1979-03-28 1982-05-25 Solarex Corporation Method of forming solar cell having contacts and antireflective coating
US4254894A (en) 1979-08-23 1981-03-10 The Continental Group, Inc. Apparatus for dispensing a striped product and method of producing the striped product
US4320251A (en) 1980-07-28 1982-03-16 Solamat Inc. Ohmic contacts for solar cells by arc plasma spraying
DE8033450U1 (de) 1980-12-17 1982-07-22 Colgate-Palmolive Co., 10022 New York, N.Y. Laenglicher Behaelter fuer einen Spender fuer pastoeses gut
DE3104690A1 (de) * 1981-02-10 1982-08-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "solarenergiesystem"
US4355196A (en) 1981-03-11 1982-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Solar cell having improved back surface reflector
JPS58180262A (ja) 1982-04-16 1983-10-21 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 塗布方法
US4476165A (en) 1982-06-07 1984-10-09 Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. Method of and apparatus for multi-layer viscous fluid deposition such as for the application of adhesives and the like
US4521457A (en) 1982-09-21 1985-06-04 Xerox Corporation Simultaneous formation and deposition of multiple ribbon-like streams
DE3308269A1 (de) 1983-03-09 1984-09-13 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Solarzelle
JPS6082680A (ja) 1983-10-07 1985-05-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 金属ウエブの表面処理装置
US4602120A (en) 1983-11-25 1986-07-22 Atlantic Richfield Company Solar cell manufacture
US4841946A (en) 1984-02-17 1989-06-27 Marks Alvin M Solar collector, transmitter and heater
EP0257157A1 (en) 1986-08-29 1988-03-02 General Systems Research Inc. Optical apparatus for scanning radiation over a surface
US4711972A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-12-08 Entech, Inc. Photovoltaic cell cover for use with a primary optical concentrator in a solar energy collector
US4796038A (en) 1985-07-24 1989-01-03 Ateq Corporation Laser pattern generation apparatus
EP0235294B1 (en) 1985-08-27 1997-11-12 MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. Polyimides and heat-resistant adhesives comprising the same
US4849028A (en) 1986-07-03 1989-07-18 Hughes Aircraft Company Solar cell with integrated interconnect device and process for fabrication thereof
JPS63175667A (ja) 1987-01-14 1988-07-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 多列同時塗布方法
US5216543A (en) 1987-03-04 1993-06-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus and method for patterning a film
US4747517A (en) 1987-03-23 1988-05-31 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Dispenser for metering proportionate increments of polymerizable materials
US4826777A (en) 1987-04-17 1989-05-02 The Standard Oil Company Making a photoresponsive array
US4746370A (en) 1987-04-29 1988-05-24 Ga Technologies Inc. Photothermophotovoltaic converter
US4938994A (en) 1987-11-23 1990-07-03 Epicor Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for patch coating printed circuit boards
US4855884A (en) 1987-12-02 1989-08-08 Morpheus Lights, Inc. Variable beamwidth stage light
US4952026A (en) 1988-10-14 1990-08-28 Corning Incorporated Integral optical element and method
JPH02122159A (ja) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-09 Hideo Takahashi 太陽光集光装置および太陽光端末投光装置
US5004319A (en) 1988-12-29 1991-04-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Crystal diffraction lens with variable focal length
US5075281A (en) 1989-01-03 1991-12-24 Testardi Louis R Methods of making a high dielectric constant, resistive phase of YBA2 CU3 OX and methods of using the same
US4947825A (en) 1989-09-11 1990-08-14 Rockwell International Corporation Solar concentrator - radiator assembly
US5011565A (en) 1989-12-06 1991-04-30 Mobil Solar Energy Corporation Dotted contact solar cell and method of making same
US5089055A (en) 1989-12-12 1992-02-18 Takashi Nakamura Survivable solar power-generating systems for use with spacecraft
US5062899A (en) 1990-03-30 1991-11-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Wide acceptance angle, high concentration ratio, optical collector
DK170189B1 (da) 1990-05-30 1995-06-06 Yakov Safir Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af halvlederkomponenter, samt solcelle fremstillet deraf
US5213628A (en) 1990-09-20 1993-05-25 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Photovoltaic device
US5254388A (en) 1990-12-21 1993-10-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Light control film with reduced ghost images
US5151377A (en) 1991-03-07 1992-09-29 Mobil Solar Energy Corporation Method for forming contacts
US5167724A (en) 1991-05-16 1992-12-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Planar photovoltaic solar concentrator module
US5180441A (en) 1991-06-14 1993-01-19 General Dynamics Corporation/Space Systems Division Solar concentrator array
US5356488A (en) 1991-12-27 1994-10-18 Rudolf Hezel Solar cell and method for its manufacture
WO1993016932A2 (en) 1992-02-25 1993-09-02 Cambridge Consultants Limited Fluid delivery apparatus
JP3025109B2 (ja) * 1992-03-11 2000-03-27 シャープ株式会社 光源および光源装置
US5404869A (en) 1992-04-16 1995-04-11 Tir Technologies, Inc. Faceted totally internally reflecting lens with individually curved faces on facets
US5353813A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-10-11 Philip Morris Incorporated Reinforced carbon heater with discrete heating zones
JP2613719B2 (ja) 1992-09-01 1997-05-28 キヤノン株式会社 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法
US5344496A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-09-06 General Dynamics Corporation, Space Systems Division Lightweight solar concentrator cell array
US5420019A (en) * 1993-02-02 1995-05-30 Xoma Corporation Stable bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein muteins
EP0632507A3 (en) 1993-05-12 1995-11-22 Optical Coating Laboratory Inc Cover for solar cells which reflects UV / IR rays.
JPH06337366A (ja) 1993-05-21 1994-12-06 Xerox Corp 電子写真プリンターにおけるラスター出力スキャナのための露光装置
WO1994028361A1 (en) 1993-06-02 1994-12-08 Stirbl Robert C Method for changing solar energy distribution
JPH0768208A (ja) 1993-09-06 1995-03-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 間欠塗布装置
US5543333A (en) 1993-09-30 1996-08-06 Siemens Solar Gmbh Method for manufacturing a solar cell having combined metallization
US5559677A (en) 1994-04-29 1996-09-24 Motorola, Inc. Method of forming a device by selectively thermal spraying a metallic conductive material thereon
US5529054A (en) 1994-06-20 1996-06-25 Shoen; Neil C. Solar energy concentrator and collector system and associated method
US5700325A (en) 1994-08-03 1997-12-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Coating device and a method of coating
US5501743A (en) 1994-08-11 1996-03-26 Cherney; Matthew Fiber optic power-generating system
US5540216A (en) * 1994-11-21 1996-07-30 Rasmusson; James K. Apparatus and method for concentrating radiant energy emanated by a moving energy source
US5553747A (en) 1994-12-07 1996-09-10 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Container for multisegmental toothpaste
US5981902A (en) 1994-12-15 1999-11-09 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Texturing apparatus for magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording medium process thereby
US5569399A (en) 1995-01-20 1996-10-29 General Electric Company Lasing medium surface modification
EP0807279B1 (en) 1995-02-02 1998-10-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method and apparatus for applying thin fluid coating stripes
US5538563A (en) 1995-02-03 1996-07-23 Finkl; Anthony W. Solar energy concentrator apparatus for bifacial photovoltaic cells
EP0729189A1 (en) 1995-02-21 1996-08-28 Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum Vzw Method of preparing solar cells and products obtained thereof
GB9507572D0 (en) 1995-04-12 1995-05-31 Smithkline Beecham Plc Dispenser
US5929530A (en) 1995-08-18 1999-07-27 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Advanced solar controller
FR2741194B1 (fr) 1995-11-13 1998-01-30 Photowatt Int Cellule solaire comportant du silicium multicristallin et procede de texturisation de la surface du silicium multicristallin de type p
ES2185901T3 (es) 1996-01-31 2003-05-01 Airspray Int Bv Aerosol concebido para la distribucion de un producto de componentes multiples.
US5990413A (en) 1996-06-19 1999-11-23 Ortabasi; Ugur Bifacial lightweight array for solar power
US6047926A (en) 1996-06-28 2000-04-11 Alliedsignal Inc. Hybrid deicing system and method of operation
US6476343B2 (en) 1996-07-08 2002-11-05 Sandia Corporation Energy-beam-driven rapid fabrication system
US5902540A (en) 1996-10-08 1999-05-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Meltblowing method and apparatus
US5873495A (en) 1996-11-21 1999-02-23 Saint-Germain; Jean G. Device for dispensing multi-components from a container
EP0851511A1 (en) 1996-12-24 1998-07-01 IMEC vzw Semiconductor device with two selectively diffused regions
AU7967798A (en) 1997-07-01 1999-01-25 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Apparatus for inserting plural materials into containers
US6011307A (en) 1997-08-12 2000-01-04 Micron Technology, Inc. Anisotropic conductive interconnect material for electronic devices, method of use and resulting product
DE19735281A1 (de) 1997-08-14 1999-02-18 Rolf Hoericht Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Energie
CA2306384A1 (en) 1997-10-14 1999-04-22 Patterning Technologies Limited Method of forming an electronic device
US6140570A (en) 1997-10-29 2000-10-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Photovoltaic element having a back side transparent and electrically conductive layer with a light incident side surface region having a specific cross section and a module comprising said photovolatic element
US6130465A (en) 1997-10-29 2000-10-10 Light Point Systems Inc. Micro-solar assembly
US6379521B1 (en) 1998-01-06 2002-04-30 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing zinc oxide film, method of producing photovoltaic element, and method of producing semiconductor element substrate
JP4003273B2 (ja) 1998-01-19 2007-11-07 セイコーエプソン株式会社 パターン形成方法および基板製造装置
US6185030B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-02-06 James W. Overbeck Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US6278054B1 (en) * 1998-05-28 2001-08-21 Tecstar Power Systems, Inc. Solar cell having an integral monolithically grown bypass diode
AUPP437598A0 (en) 1998-06-29 1998-07-23 Unisearch Limited A self aligning method for forming a selective emitter and metallization in a solar cell
JP3259692B2 (ja) 1998-09-18 2002-02-25 株式会社日立製作所 集光型太陽光発電モジュール及びその製造方法並びに集光型太陽光発電システム
US6204523B1 (en) 1998-11-06 2001-03-20 Lumileds Lighting, U.S., Llc High stability optical encapsulation and packaging for light-emitting diodes in the green, blue, and near UV range
US6118067A (en) 1998-11-20 2000-09-12 Swales Aerospace Method and apparatus for improved solar concentration arrays
US6274508B1 (en) 1999-02-05 2001-08-14 Alien Technology Corporation Apparatuses and methods used in forming assemblies
US6380729B1 (en) 1999-02-16 2002-04-30 Alien Technology Corporation Testing integrated circuit dice
US6291896B1 (en) 1999-02-16 2001-09-18 Alien Technology Corporation Functionally symmetric integrated circuit die
US6020554A (en) 1999-03-19 2000-02-01 Photovoltaics International, Llc Tracking solar energy conversion unit adapted for field assembly
JP2000294813A (ja) 1999-04-07 2000-10-20 Bridgestone Corp 太陽電池用バックカバー材及び太陽電池
US6257450B1 (en) 1999-04-21 2001-07-10 Pechiney Plastic Packaging, Inc. Dual dispense container having cloverleaf orifice
US6203621B1 (en) 1999-05-24 2001-03-20 Trw Inc. Vacuum chuck for holding thin sheet material
US6924493B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2005-08-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Ion beam lithography system
US6091017A (en) 1999-08-23 2000-07-18 Composite Optics Incorporated Solar concentrator array
FI115295B (fi) 1999-09-01 2005-04-15 Metso Paper Inc Verhopäällystin ja verhopäällystysmenetelmä
US6420266B1 (en) 1999-11-02 2002-07-16 Alien Technology Corporation Methods for creating elements of predetermined shape and apparatuses using these elements
US6479395B1 (en) 1999-11-02 2002-11-12 Alien Technology Corporation Methods for forming openings in a substrate and apparatuses with these openings and methods for creating assemblies with openings
US6527964B1 (en) 1999-11-02 2003-03-04 Alien Technology Corporation Methods and apparatuses for improved flow in performing fluidic self assembly
US6623579B1 (en) 1999-11-02 2003-09-23 Alien Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for fluidic self assembly
JP2001148500A (ja) 1999-11-22 2001-05-29 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 太陽電池モジュール
ES2157846B1 (es) 1999-12-02 2002-03-01 Univ Madrid Politecnica Dispositivo con lente discontinua de reflexion total interna y dioptrico asferico para concentracion o colimacion de energia radiante.
JP4774146B2 (ja) 1999-12-23 2011-09-14 パナソニック株式会社 レーザを用いて波長より小さなピッチで穴を開けるための方法および装置
JP2001291881A (ja) 2000-01-31 2001-10-19 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 太陽電池モジュール
US6310281B1 (en) 2000-03-16 2001-10-30 Global Solar Energy, Inc. Thin-film, flexible photovoltaic module
US6433303B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2002-08-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus using laser pulses to make an array of microcavity holes
JP3865036B2 (ja) 2000-04-07 2007-01-10 セイコーエプソン株式会社 光モジュール及びその製造方法並びに光伝達装置
KR100454225B1 (ko) * 2000-05-12 2004-10-26 황우성 초박형 고집속 광에너지 집속장치
US6423565B1 (en) 2000-05-30 2002-07-23 Kurt L. Barth Apparatus and processes for the massproduction of photovotaic modules
US6232217B1 (en) 2000-06-05 2001-05-15 Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd. Post treatment of via opening by N-containing plasma or H-containing plasma for elimination of fluorine species in the FSG near the surfaces of the via opening
US6423140B1 (en) 2000-06-08 2002-07-23 Formosa Advanced Coating Technologies, Inc. Die set for preparing ABCABC multiple-stripe coating
JP2002111035A (ja) 2000-09-27 2002-04-12 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 両面発電型太陽電池モジュール
JP3964123B2 (ja) * 2000-10-24 2007-08-22 株式会社三井ハイテック 太陽電池の製造方法
US6398370B1 (en) 2000-11-15 2002-06-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Light control device
US6620645B2 (en) 2000-11-16 2003-09-16 G.T. Equipment Technologies, Inc Making and connecting bus bars on solar cells
US20020149107A1 (en) 2001-02-02 2002-10-17 Avery Dennison Corporation Method of making a flexible substrate containing self-assembling microstructures
KR100378016B1 (ko) 2001-01-03 2003-03-29 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 태양 전지용 반도체 기판의 텍스처링 방법
JP2002289900A (ja) 2001-03-23 2002-10-04 Canon Inc 集光型太陽電池モジュール及び集光型太陽光発電システム
JP3848168B2 (ja) 2001-03-29 2006-11-22 三菱製紙株式会社 カーテン塗布装置
US7186102B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2007-03-06 Strandex Corporation Apparatus and method for low-density cellular wood plastic composites
US6606247B2 (en) 2001-05-31 2003-08-12 Alien Technology Corporation Multi-feature-size electronic structures
US7449070B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2008-11-11 Ulvac, Inc. Waveform generator for microdeposition control system
US7470384B2 (en) 2001-06-15 2008-12-30 Fujifilm Corporation Method of producing of cellulose ester film
CN2606309Y (zh) 2001-06-22 2004-03-10 高增世 双槽面镜式太阳能单向导光聚能板
US6555739B2 (en) 2001-09-10 2003-04-29 Ekla-Tek, Llc Photovoltaic array and method of manufacturing same
US7208674B2 (en) 2001-09-11 2007-04-24 Eric Aylaian Solar cell having photovoltaic cells inclined at acute angle to each other
US6531653B1 (en) 2001-09-11 2003-03-11 The Boeing Company Low cost high solar flux photovoltaic concentrator receiver
US6597510B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2003-07-22 Corning Incorporated Methods and apparatus for making optical devices including microlens arrays
US6697096B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2004-02-24 Applied Materials, Inc. Laser beam pattern generator having rotating scanner compensator and method
EP1458496B1 (en) 2001-12-13 2008-02-27 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for curtain coating
US20030201581A1 (en) 2002-02-28 2003-10-30 Jan Weber Ultrasonic assisted processes
EP1345026B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2010-05-05 Affymetrix, Inc. System and method for scanning of biological materials
JP3889644B2 (ja) 2002-03-25 2007-03-07 三洋電機株式会社 太陽電池モジュール
US7270528B2 (en) 2002-05-07 2007-09-18 3D Systems, Inc. Flash curing in selective deposition modeling
EP1547126A2 (en) 2002-08-05 2005-06-29 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York System and method for manufacturing embedded conformal electronics
US6818818B2 (en) 2002-08-13 2004-11-16 Esmond T. Goei Concentrating solar energy receiver
US6896381B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2005-05-24 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Compact folded-optics illumination lens
JP2004266023A (ja) 2003-02-28 2004-09-24 Sharp Corp 太陽電池およびその製造方法
US20050081908A1 (en) 2003-03-19 2005-04-21 Stewart Roger G. Method and apparatus for generation of electrical power from solar energy
JP2004288898A (ja) 2003-03-24 2004-10-14 Canon Inc 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法
US7388147B2 (en) 2003-04-10 2008-06-17 Sunpower Corporation Metal contact structure for solar cell and method of manufacture
US7259323B2 (en) 2003-04-22 2007-08-21 The Aerospace Corporation Thin film solar cell thermal radiator
US7964789B2 (en) 2003-05-07 2011-06-21 Imec Germanium solar cell and method for the production thereof
JP4748955B2 (ja) 2003-06-30 2011-08-17 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 パターンの作製方法
US6959993B2 (en) 2003-07-10 2005-11-01 Energy Innovations, Inc. Solar concentrator array with individually adjustable elements
IL157716A0 (en) * 2003-09-02 2004-03-28 Eli Shifman Solar energy utilization unit and solar energy utilization system
JP4121928B2 (ja) 2003-10-08 2008-07-23 シャープ株式会社 太陽電池の製造方法
JP4232597B2 (ja) 2003-10-10 2009-03-04 株式会社日立製作所 シリコン太陽電池セルとその製造方法
ES2369780T3 (es) 2004-01-15 2011-12-05 Kellogg Company Conjunto de boquillas para imprimir patrones sobre un producto extrudido.
US6958868B1 (en) 2004-03-29 2005-10-25 John George Pender Motion-free tracking solar concentrator
JP2005347628A (ja) 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Sharp Corp 電極形成方法、電極及び太陽電池
US7097710B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2006-08-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Extrusion applicator having rotational operability
US7169228B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2007-01-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Extrusion applicator having linear motion operability
US7045794B1 (en) 2004-06-18 2006-05-16 Novelx, Inc. Stacked lens structure and method of use thereof for preventing electrical breakdown
EP1763086A1 (en) 2005-09-09 2007-03-14 Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum Photovoltaic cell with thick silicon oxide and silicon nitride passivation and fabrication method
US20060207650A1 (en) 2005-03-21 2006-09-21 The Regents Of The University Of California Multi-junction solar cells with an aplanatic imaging system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US7906722B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2011-03-15 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Concentrating solar collector with solid optical element
US7444934B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2008-11-04 Micron Technology, Inc. Supercritical fluid-assisted direct write for printing integrated circuits
US7394016B2 (en) 2005-10-11 2008-07-01 Solyndra, Inc. Bifacial elongated solar cell devices with internal reflectors
US20080047605A1 (en) 2005-07-28 2008-02-28 Regents Of The University Of California Multi-junction solar cells with a homogenizer system and coupled non-imaging light concentrator
US20070169806A1 (en) 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar cell production using non-contact patterning and direct-write metallization
US7799371B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2010-09-21 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Extruding/dispensing multiple materials to form high-aspect ratio extruded structures
US7928015B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2011-04-19 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solar cell fabrication using extruded dopant-bearing materials
US20090025784A1 (en) 2007-02-02 2009-01-29 Sol Focus, Inc. Thermal spray for solar concentrator fabrication

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4683348A (en) * 1985-04-26 1987-07-28 The Marconi Company Limited Solar cell arrays
US4792685A (en) * 1987-04-29 1988-12-20 Masami Yamakawa Photoelectric sensor
JPH06342922A (ja) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-13 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd 反射型受光器

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI704764B (zh) * 2019-05-10 2020-09-11 黃培勛 集光鏡片、集光模組、太陽能電池裝置以及太陽能電池系統
CN111257232A (zh) * 2020-03-19 2020-06-09 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种高效收集euv光的多层膜光学元件碳污染实验装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1715260A3 (en) 2010-11-24
US7906722B2 (en) 2011-03-15
CN1854637A (zh) 2006-11-01
AU2006201575A1 (en) 2006-11-02
PT1715260E (pt) 2013-08-23
IL175007A0 (en) 2006-08-20
EP1715260B1 (en) 2013-07-10
EP1715260A2 (en) 2006-10-25
US20060231133A1 (en) 2006-10-19
AU2006201575B2 (en) 2011-04-14
JP2006303494A (ja) 2006-11-02
JP5016251B2 (ja) 2012-09-05
IL175007A (en) 2012-05-31
BRPI0601296A (pt) 2006-12-19
CN104052389B (zh) 2016-10-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104052389B (zh) 具有固态光学元件的聚光型太阳能收集器
CN101432887B (zh) 叠层的聚集太阳光的光电器件
US9732938B2 (en) Illumination panel
EP1852918A2 (en) Solar concentrating photovoltaic device with resilient cell package assembly
US20090114265A1 (en) Solar Concentrator
CN101238587B (zh) 太阳能电池组件及其生产方法
US20100132793A1 (en) Solar cell, concentrating solar power generation module, concentrating solar power generation unit, method of manufacturing solar cell, and solar cell manufacturing apparatus
MX2011008352A (es) Modulos, receptores y sub-receptores fotovoltaicos tipo concentrador y metodos para formar los mismos.
US9714756B2 (en) Illumination device
US9960303B2 (en) Sunlight concentrating and harvesting device
US20080128016A1 (en) Parallel Aperture Prismatic Light Concentrator
CN103782397A (zh) 用于光伏电源模块的反射器
JP2006343435A (ja) 集光レンズ、集光レンズ構造体、集光型太陽光発電装置、および集光レンズ構造体の製造方法
CN105051452B (zh) 太阳光聚集和获取装置
JP2002094099A (ja) 太陽電池装置
US20090255566A1 (en) Solar cell modules
KR101357200B1 (ko) 박형 집광형 태양전지모듈
KR101954427B1 (ko) 집광형 태양전지 모듈
US20220416106A1 (en) Concentrator photovoltaic module
CA2906949A1 (en) Sunlight concentrating and harvesting device
MXPA06004221A (es) Colector solar concentrador con elemento optico solido

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20161026

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee