CN103493667A - Pear tree and tea tree intercropping three-dimensional cultivation method - Google Patents
Pear tree and tea tree intercropping three-dimensional cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103493667A CN103493667A CN201310468807.3A CN201310468807A CN103493667A CN 103493667 A CN103493667 A CN 103493667A CN 201310468807 A CN201310468807 A CN 201310468807A CN 103493667 A CN103493667 A CN 103493667A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pear tree and tea tree intercropping three-dimensional cultivation method. According to the method, after pear trees are planted by adopting a flat shed tree structure, tea trees are planted below the pear trees; a series of technical measures related to a pear tree and tea tree intercropping layout, the building specification of a flat net shed frame, construction of the flat shed tree structure of the pear trees and the like are provided in the process of three-dimensional cultivation of the pear trees and the tea trees. By means of the pear tree and tea tree intercropping three-dimensional cultivation method, the utilization efficiency of light, heat, water and soil resources is further improved, meanwhile, fruit and tea leaf products higher in quality are produced, and the pear tree and tea tree intercropping three-dimensional cultivation method can be applied to pear tree and tea tree intercropping three-dimensional cultivation.
Description
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Technical field
The invention belongs to the high-efficient agriculture cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the stereo cultivation technology of a kind of pear tree and tea tree.
Background technology
Fruit growing is one of essentialspecies implant model of China's development high-efficiency agriculture, tree-like traditional stereoscopic tree structures that adopt more, and Japan is the so-called flat canopy tree structure of many employings.This structure is after trunk grow arrives the 1.5m left and right, cultivate the major branch of 2-4 growing way equalization, on fixing paramount about 2.0m plain net frame, be the shapes such as " X ", " Y " or " H " type with trunk, allow each major branch be the growth of different directions horizontal-extending, then on each major branch, turn out unit branch as a result and carry out result.With traditional stereoscopic tree structure, compare, flat canopy tree structure branch is the individual layer horizontal distribution, and the leaf curtain is thin, liftoff height, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and result is evenly neat, and just, look good for fruit shape, distinguish the flavor of sweet, and operation is convenient.Because the fruit trees such as Japanese pear, peach, Lee, persimmon, apple and grape adopt this tree structure mostly, its fruit commodity class is high, and competitiveness in the international market is strong.In recent years, flat canopy tree structure is introduced in the multiple fruit growing of China in succession, wherein, more with application in viticulture.
Pear tree and tea tree originate in two different ecotope, wherein, pear tree happiness light, tea tree is liked shady and cool, therefore, can complementaryly preferably utilize the pear tree of photo-thermal resource and tea tree intercropping vertical cultivation pattern often to be used.Yet, adopt fusiform stereoscopic tree structure because pear tree in this cultivation mode, not only fruit quality is far below flat canopy tree structure, and distributes to the photo-thermal resource inequality of tea tree, causes growth of tea plant situation and tea leaf quality in same tea place to differ.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pear tree and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method, with when further improving light, heat, water, soil resource utilization ratio, produce fruit and tea products that quality is more good.
In order to solve above technical problem, the present invention is based on difference on pear tree and tea tree Physiological Ecology, and the characteristics of flat canopy tree structure, building novel pear tree and tea tree vertical cultivation pattern, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of pear tree and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method is characterized in that: after definite rational pear tree and tea tree intercropping layout, plain net frame specification, the flat canopy tree structure of pear tree, adopt the vertical cultivation pattern of the pear tree underwood planting tea tree of flat canopy tree structure.
Described pear tree and tea tree intercropping layout are cultivation two row tea trees between every two row pear trees; The pear tree seeding row spacing is set to 3.0m * 5.1m, and the tea tree seeding row spacing is set to 0.2m * 1.5m, and contiguous pear tree row and tea tree row distance are 1.8m.
Described plain net frame specification is: height 2.0m, and corner post specification length * wide * height used is 0.12m * 0.14m * 3.0m, and side column specification length * wide * height is 0.08m * 0.12m * 2.8m, and column specification length * wide * height is 0.08m * 0.08m * 2.2m; Every pear tree homonymy is laid one, column apart from pear tree 0.8m place, side column is laid in the row and column of column and Si Bian intersection, garden; Corner post and side column are outward-dipping, and its axis and ground all are 60 ° of angles and lay; No. 10 hot-galvanized steel silk threads that top network planning lattice are 0.5m * 0.5m, corner line is 6 strands of No. 10 hot dip galvanizing steel strands, main muscle line is 4 strands of No. 10 hot dip galvanizing steel strands; The surrounding linea angulata is connected around garden with side column along corner post, and main muscle line is connected with side column in length and breadth along column; Top net, surrounding linea angulata and main muscle line height are 2.0m.
The flat canopy tree structure of described pear tree is " Y " type: when pear sapling trunk height reaches the 1.5m left and right, cultivate the major branch of 3 growing way equalizations, and itself and trunk are to " Y " type are fixed on the plain net frame that 2.0m is high, allow each major branch be three direction horizontal-extending growths, then on each major branch, turn out unit branch as a result and carry out result; It is highly 0.8m-1.0m that tea bush trimmer is controlled.
the present invention has beneficial effect.In the present invention, in weak winter and early spring at photo-thermal, pear tree is in the leaf fall period, and the photo-thermal resource that tea tree can take full advantage of is now grown; Stronger summer and autumn at photo-thermal, tea tree is on the occasion of the pruning time, and pear tree can be tea tree and tackles a large amount of light and heat, builds shady and cool moistening moist heat, thereby avoided strong photo-thermal to burn to tea tree, be conducive to quickly-healing and the growth of wound after tea bush trimmer.More traditional pear tree and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation technology, the present invention provides homogeneous more, stable, suitable micro-ecological environment for the growth of pears, tea, produce fruit and tea products that quality is more good, not only further improve the utilization ratio of light, heat, water, soil resource, and made orchard worker's labor operation become convenient.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional pear tree of the present invention and tea tree garden layout vertical view;
Fig. 2 is side column and corner post end view;
Fig. 3 is pear tree plain net frame vertical view.
In figure: 1. pear tree; 2. tea tree; 3. corner post; 4. side column; 5. column; 6. side column or corner post; 7. pear tree and tea tree field face; 8. " Y " type tree structure; 9. the plain net of 0.5m * 0.5m.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention implemented on a plot on tea plantation, Runzhou, Zhengjiang City the early spring in 2011, and this block area is 48m * 23m=1004 m
2, physical features is comparatively smooth.The emerald green hat of the early-maturing variety that Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is the Zhejiang institutes of agricultural sciences suitable southern area of educating, this kind late July maturation, pericarp is yellowish green carefully thin, and pulp is white, and delicate and crisp, without slag, the juice multi-flavor is sweet, raciness, storage tolerance.Three annual bearings after planting, entered the phase of abounding with after 5 years; Tea tree breed for the black ox that originates in Zhejiang early, this kind is special precocious, is the south of the River one band spring tea kind of going on the market the earliest every year, and educates bud power and hold tender property strong, product quality is high.Especially the plant size is medium, and tree performance half is opened a business, and is suitable for planting under flat canopy.The concrete implementation step of this technology is:
1 pear tree and tea tree are planted and the pear tree major branch is cultivated
Early spring in 2011, in implementing on plot, according to the mode of two row pear tree intercropping two row tea trees, as shown in Figure 1, is implementing on plot to plant pear tree seedling 10 row, and every row 8 strains, count 80 strains; Tea tree seedling 18 row, every row 105 strains, count 1890 strains.Then winter, near pear tree trunk 1.5m eminence, cultivate the major branch of 3 growing way equalizations, after be about " Y " type of 120 ° according to each main branch angles and distribute and tentatively to fix and to cultivate.
2 plain net frames are set up
Autumn and winter season in 2011, carry out laying and the connection of corner post, side column, column and top net, corner line and main muscle line according to the mode of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Wherein, 0.12m 4 of the corner posts of * 0.14m * 3.0m, 0.08m 32 of the side columns of * 0.12m * 2.8m, 0.08m 80, the column of * 0.08m * 2.2m, 6 gangs of corner line 142m that No. 10 hot dip galvanizing steel strands are twisted into, 472 meters, the main muscle line that 4 strands of No. 10 hot dip galvanizing steel strands are twisted into, and about 1000m is netted on the top that No. 10 hot-galvanized steel silk threads are twisted into according to 0.5m * 0.5m
2.
The tree-like structure of the flat canopy of 3 pear tree
Several year winters the same, later with the flat canopy cultivation of common pear tree, major branch finally to be fixed, and removed affecting major branch growth and tree-like side shoot, other side shoots on major branch can give over to branch as a result.Estimate 2015-2016, flat canopy pear tree cover degree reaches 100%.
The cultivation that 4 tea trees are tree-like
Because tea tree is positioned at the flat canopy of pear tree below, in order to build frame below ventilation and penetrating light degree and operation convenience preferably, during tea bush trimmer, tea tree highly is controlled between 0.8-1.0m.
Expect 2015, this solid pear tree and tea tree garden will reach fruit tea and gather the phase of abounding with.
Claims (4)
1. a pear tree and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that: after definite rational pear tree and tea tree intercropping layout, plain net frame specification, the flat canopy tree structure of pear tree, adopt the vertical cultivation pattern of the pear tree underwood planting tea tree of flat canopy tree structure.
2. a kind of pear tree as claimed in claim 1 and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method is characterized in that: described pear tree and tea tree intercropping layout are cultivation two row tea trees between every two row pear trees; The pear tree seeding row spacing is set to 3.0m * 5.1m, and the tea tree seeding row spacing is set to 0.2m * 1.5m, and contiguous pear tree row and tea tree row distance are 1.8m.
3. a kind of pear tree as claimed in claim 1 and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that described plain net frame specification is: height 2.0m, corner post specification length * wide * height used is 0.12m * 0.14m * 3.0m, side column specification length * wide * height is 0.08m * 0.12m * 2.8m, and column specification length * wide * height is 0.08m * 0.08m * 2.2m; Every pear tree homonymy is laid one, column apart from pear tree 0.8m place, side column is laid in the row and column of column and Si Bian intersection, garden; Corner post and side column are outward-dipping, and its axis and ground all are 60 degree angles and lay; No. 10 hot-galvanized steel silk threads that top network planning lattice are 0.5m * 0.5m, corner line is 6 strands of No. 10 hot dip galvanizing steel strands, main muscle line is 4 strands of No. 10 hot dip galvanizing steel strands; The surrounding linea angulata is connected around garden with side column along corner post, and main muscle line is connected with side column in length and breadth along column; Top net, surrounding linea angulata and main muscle line height are 2.0m.
4. a kind of pear tree as claimed in claim 1 and tea tree intercropping stereo cultivation method, it is characterized in that the flat canopy tree structure of described pear tree is " Y " type: when pear sapling trunk height reaches the 1.5m left and right, cultivate the major branch of 3 growing way equalizations, and itself and trunk are to " Y " type are fixed on the plain net frame that 2.0m is high, allow each major branch be three direction horizontal-extending growths, then on each major branch, turn out unit branch as a result and carry out result; It is highly 0.8m-1.0m that tea bush trimmer is controlled.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472160A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-01 | 大悟黄龙柏园茶叶有限公司 | Method of planting tea trees in forest |
| CN105557414A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-05-11 | 广西防城港市宏峰农林开发有限公司 | Baishiya tea underwood planting method |
| CN107787756A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-13 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of pear tree and the method for fruit mulberry interplanting |
| CN109757276A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of implantation methods |
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| CN101589682A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2009-12-02 | 戴新华 | The fruit tree of a kind of Y shape moulding and the fixing rack of branch thereof |
| JP2011062094A (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-31 | Nittetsu Corrosion Prevention Co Ltd | Fruit cultivation shelf |
| CN203027840U (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-07-03 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Novel improved flat shed frame for pears |
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| CN101589682A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2009-12-02 | 戴新华 | The fruit tree of a kind of Y shape moulding and the fixing rack of branch thereof |
| JP2011062094A (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-31 | Nittetsu Corrosion Prevention Co Ltd | Fruit cultivation shelf |
| CN203027840U (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-07-03 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Novel improved flat shed frame for pears |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472160A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-01 | 大悟黄龙柏园茶叶有限公司 | Method of planting tea trees in forest |
| CN105557414A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-05-11 | 广西防城港市宏峰农林开发有限公司 | Baishiya tea underwood planting method |
| CN107787756A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-13 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of pear tree and the method for fruit mulberry interplanting |
| CN109757276A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of implantation methods |
| CN109757276B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Planting method |
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Application publication date: 20140108 |