CN109757276B

CN109757276B - Planting method

Info

Publication number: CN109757276B
Application number: CN201910120536.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾兰亭; 黎健龙; 唐劲驰; 廖茵茵; 杨子银
Original assignee: South China Botanical Garden of CAS
Current assignee: South China Botanical Garden of CAS
Priority date: 2019-02-18
Filing date: 2019-02-18
Publication date: 2021-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-02-18
Also published as: CN109757276A

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method, which is characterized in that different varieties of tea trees are intercropped, and the different varieties of tea trees have differences in pest resistance so as to reduce the harm of pests to the tea trees with weak pest resistance. The invention adopts the same kind of plants for intercropping, which is convenient for agricultural management. The planting method can reduce the using amount of pesticides, improve the ecological environment, control the harm of pests to insect-resistant weak tea trees, improve the yield of tea, and is beneficial to the improvement of the living standard of farmers and the sustainable development of agriculture.

Description

Planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method capable of reducing insect pests.

Background

The agricultural diseases and insect pests are ubiquitous in agricultural production, the agricultural diseases and insect pests can greatly influence agricultural production activities, the agricultural diseases and insect pests directly influence the production quantity of agricultural products, and great loss can be brought to agricultural growers.

Tea is a traditional export agricultural product in China, and along with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, people put forward higher and higher requirements on the quality of tea, so that the tea is required to be good in color, aroma and taste, and is required to be sanitary and safe. Therefore, tea production must adapt to the change of market demands, pollution-free, ecological, environment-friendly and healthy pollution-free tea leaves are vigorously developed, and the sustainable development of tea leaves is realized. For years, the prevention and the treatment mainly depend on chemical pesticides, so that the serious drug resistance of pests such as leafhoppers and the like is caused, the pesticide residue of tea leaves is often over-standard, a large number of natural enemies are killed, a food chain and a food net are simplified, and the natural control potential is weakened. The prohibition of using any chemical pesticide in the production of organic tea, pest control and the like become the biggest obstacles in the development and industrialization process of organic tea. The prevention and control modes of biological pesticide, natural enemy release and the like have certain limitations. Aiming at the problem that pollution-free prevention and control of main pests such as leafhoppers and the like become bottleneck problems of tea industry development, a new green, cyclic and low-carbon pest and disease control way is required to be found.

Intercropping and interplanting are one of the essentials of the traditional agriculture in China, and various modes of intercropping of forest trees, fruit trees and tea trees are established in long-term production practice. The current tea garden intercropping utilizes the characteristics that tea trees are wet-loving and shade-tolerant, plants are shrubs or small trees, the root systems are shallow and the like, plants with different heights and the depths of the root systems are reasonably selected to form a tea garden ecological system with two layers of canopy and tegument, the species are emphasized to be harmoniously developed, the mutual promotion is realized, the land capability is fully utilized, and the maximum economic benefit and the better ecological benefit are obtained.

The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of surveying the occurrence number of main plant diseases and insect pests and natural enemies of tea trees in 2 growth periods of spring tea and autumn tea in 3 intercropping modes of camphor-tea, wild pepper-tea and agilawood-tea. The results show that: the camphor, wild pepper and agilawood planted in the middle of the tea garden have inconsistent influence on main plant diseases and insect pests and natural enemies of the tea garden. The incidence of tea leaf spot and tea brown spot of the camphor intercropping tea garden is lower than that of a control tea garden, but the incidence of tea leafhoppers is increased; the incidence of the diseases of the tea cake in the wild pepper intercropping tea garden and the insect pests of tea lesser leafhoppers are lower than those in a control tea garden; the quantity of tea lesser leafhoppers, tea thrips and tea aphids in the agilawood intercropping tea garden is reduced compared with that in a control tea garden, and the incidence of tea wheel spot and tea coal disease is also reduced compared with that in the control tea garden (Sun Yunnan, ran 29667, Chuai, et al. investigation and research on main plant diseases and insect pests and natural enemies in tea gardens of different intercropping modes [ J ] Shandong agricultural science, 2014(11): 110-.

The influence of different green fertilizers on the empoasca vitis and the natural enemy thysanoptera in tea garden intercropping of tea gardens is researched in the tea and ocean organic tea base of the engineering meaningful Yongtian tea industry company. The results show that the difference of the population of the empoasca vitis in the tea garden treated by different intercropping treatments is obvious (F is 3.15, P is less than 0.05), and the difference of the population of the empoasca virgifera is extremely obvious (F is 4.22, P is less than 0.01). Intercropping and paving a woodblue and rhodon bean tea garden, wherein the maximum number of insect population of the empoasca vitis is 1035, the minimum number of insect population of the intercropping and paving a woodblue and rhone bean tea garden and the minimum number of insect population of the empoasca vitis is 378; the quantity of the insect population of the natural enemy tassel wasps of the leafhopper is 263 th maximum in the intercropping white clover and round-leaf cassia tora tea garden, the quantity of the insect population of the tassel wasps is improved by 61.98 percent compared with that of the insect population of the blank control, and the population quantity of the natural enemy tassel wasps is obviously improved by intercropping green manure in the tea garden. Different intercropping treatment tea garden empoasca vitis is in obvious positive correlation with natural enemy Thysanola. Intercropping white clover and round-leaf cassia seed, the average benefit-to-pest ratio in the tea garden is 0.56 at most, and the average benefit-to-pest ratio in the control tea garden is 0.18 at least (Li Hui Ling, bolt, Guo Jianxiong, et al. the influence of intercropping green manure in the tea garden on the empoasca vitis and the natural enemy tassel wasp [ J ]. Chinese biological control proceedings, 2016,32(1): 50-54.).

The Zhangzheng group and the like research the influence of the Zhang zheng group and the like on the quantity of tea garden pests and natural enemy population, soil nutrient condition, tea plant growth, tea leaf biochemical components and the like through tea garden intercropping aromatic plants, and analyze the ecological comprehensive regulation and control effect of the intercropping aromatic plants on young tea gardens. The aromatic plants are planted among young tea gardens, so that the number of the smaller-leaf green leafhoppers and the green plant bugs can be reduced, and the number of natural enemies such as ladybug, lacewing, parasitic wasps, spiders and the like in the tea gardens can be increased; the contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil of the aromatic plant intercropping area are higher than those of the green manure intercropping area and the control; the intercropping of aromatic plants in the tea garden can promote the growth of tea trees to a certain extent, cultivate the tree vigor and crown of young tea gardens and increase the yield of tea leaves. The aromatic plant intercropping in the tea garden can reduce the content of tea polyphenol and caffeine in the tea, improve the content of soluble sugar and catechin and improve the quality of the tea. It can be seen that the tea garden intercropping of aromatic plants is a tea garden cultivation management mode with better ecological benefits, and can promote the development of the ecological tea garden (Zhang Zheng Tu, Tianyue, Gao Shun, et al. research on the influence of the intercropping of aromatic plants, basil and perilla frutescens in the tea garden on the ecological system of the tea garden [ J ] tea science, 2016,36(4): 389-.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tea tree planting method, which reduces the harm of pests to tea trees with weak pest resistance by intercropping tea trees with strong pest resistance and tea trees with weak pest resistance.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a planting method for cultivating the different varieties of the same plant features that the different varieties of plant have different pest resistances, so decreasing the damage of pests to the varieties with weak pest resistance.

Further, the plant is tea tree.

Further, the pest is tea lesser leafhopper.

Furthermore, tea trees of the variety A and the variety B are intercropped, and the pest resistance of the variety A to the tea lesser leafhopper is stronger than that of the variety B to the tea lesser leafhopper.

Furthermore, the tea trees are planted in a mixed way by adopting a single-row strip planting method or a double-row strip planting method, and the variety A and the variety B tea trees are planted in the same tea row.

Furthermore, the quantity ratio of the variety A to the variety B is not less than 1; preferably, the quantity ratio of the variety A to the variety B is 1-3.

Furthermore, the tea trees are planted in a single-row strip planting method or a double-row strip planting method, the area A and the area B in the same tea row are distributed at intervals, the tea tree of the variety A is planted in the area A, and the tea tree of the variety B is planted in the area B.

Further, the area ratio of the region a to the region B is not less than 1; preferably, the area ratio of the region A to the region B is 1 to 3.

Further, when a single-row strip planting method is adopted, the row spacing is 150-180 cm, the cluster spacing is 30-35 cm, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each cluster; when the double-row strip planting method is adopted, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the cluster spacing is 30-35 cm, and each cluster comprises 2-3 tea seedlings.

Further, variety A is Huanghuaying Yinghong No. nine variety, and variety B is Jinxuan variety.

The Jinxuan variety, clone, brush tree type and medium leaf variety are easy to attract tea lesser leafhopper and have poor resistance; the etiolated Yinghong No. nine variety is characterized in that tea branches change from green to yellow due to the change of external natural conditions; clone, arbor type, large leaf type, and has good insect resistance to green tea cicada.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention provides an environment-friendly tea tree ecological planting method, which can reduce the use amount of pesticides, improve the ecological environment, control the harm of pests to insect-resistant weak tea trees, improve the yield of tea leaves and be beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture;

2. in the invention, the same kind of plants are intercropped, and the requirements of the same kind of plants on the growth environment are relatively close, thereby facilitating agricultural management; the harvesting time of agricultural products is different for different plant varieties, for example, the picking time of the golden day is 10-15 days earlier than that of the Huanghuayinghong No. nine, and the labor intensity in fields and workshops is favorably reduced in the peak period of agricultural product harvesting, so that the labor efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double row strip planting method;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tea row;

FIG. 3 shows the growth of the tea tree of example 1;

FIG. 4 shows the growth of tea plant of comparative example 2;

FIG. 5 shows the growth of tea plant of comparative example 3.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It will also be understood that the following examples are included merely for purposes of further illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, as the invention extends to insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention following in the light of the principles set forth herein. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, and the skilled person can make a selection within the suitable ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific data of the following examples.

The variety, clone, brush tree type and middle leaf of Hemerocallis fulva in the examples and the comparative examples are easy to attract tea lesser leafhopper and have poor resistance; the etiolated Yinghong No. nine variety is characterized in that tea branches change from green to yellow due to the change of external natural conditions; clone, arbor type, large leaf type, and has good insect resistance to green tea cicada.

Example 1

A method for planting tea tree features that different varieties of tea tree are intercropped, and the different varieties of tea tree have different pest resistances to reduce the damage of pests to the varieties with weak pest resistance. The variety A is a variety of Huanghuaying Yinghong No. nine, the variety B is a variety of Jinxuan, and the insect resistance of the variety A to the tea lesser leafhopper is stronger than that of the variety B to the tea lesser leafhopper.

The tea tree is planted by a double-row strip planting method (as shown in figure 1), the row length is 60m, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is about 33cm, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each clump. The area a and the area B in the same tea row are distributed at intervals, as shown in fig. 2, the variety a is planted in the area a, the variety B is planted in the area B, and the area ratio of the area a to the area B is 1: the actual growth of tea plant is shown in figure 3.

During the planting process, no chemical pesticide is applied and the grass is hoed manually.

Example 2

The tea tree is planted by a double-row strip planting method (a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1), the row length is 60m, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is about 33cm, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each clump. In the same tea row, the area A and the area B are distributed at intervals, the variety A is planted in the area A, the variety B is planted in the area B, and the area ratio of the area A to the area B is 2: the actual growth of tea plant is shown in figure 2.

Example 3

The tea tree is planted by a double-row strip planting method (a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1), the row length is 60m, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is about 33cm, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each clump. In the same tea row, the area A and the area B are distributed at intervals, the variety A is planted in the area A, the variety B is planted in the area B, and the area ratio of the area A to the area B is 3: the actual growth of tea plant is shown in figure 2.

In the embodiments 1-3, the tea tree can be planted by adopting single row strip, when the tea tree is planted by adopting single row strip, the row spacing is 150-180 cm, the cluster spacing is 30-35 cm, and each cluster is 2-3 tea seedlings. Other planting conditions are the same as the double-row strip planting.

Comparative example 1

A method for planting tea trees, the variety to be planted is golden day lily.

The tea tree is planted by a double-row strip planting method (a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1), the row length is 60m, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is about 33cm, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each clump.

Comparative example 2

A method for planting tea trees, the variety to be planted is golden day lily.

The tea tree is planted by adopting a double-row strip planting method (a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1), the row length is 60m, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is about 33cm, 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each clump, and the actual growth condition of the tea tree is shown in figure 4.

Chemical prevention and control are carried out in the planting process, and artificial weeding is carried out.

Comparative example 3

A method for planting tea trees, the variety to be planted is golden day lily.

The tea tree is planted by adopting a double-row strip planting method (a schematic diagram is shown in figure 1), the row length is 60m, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the clump spacing is about 33cm, 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each clump, and the actual growth condition of the tea tree is shown in figure 5.

Covering insect-proof net, chemical prevention and weeding.

Counting the generation quantity and the bud tip hazard rate of the leafhoppers in the peak period of the tea leafhoppers, wherein the result is as follows:

TABLE 1 different planting methods of golden yellow day variety tea lesser leafhopper occurrence number and bud tip hazard rate (10 moon)

TABLE 2 different planting methods of golden yellow day variety tea lesser leafhopper occurrence number and bud tip hazard rate (11 moon)

Claims

1. A tea tree planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: intercropping tea trees of the variety A and the variety B, wherein the pest resistance of the variety A to the tea lesser leafhoppers is stronger than that of the variety B to the tea lesser leafhoppers;

wherein, the tea tree adopts a single-row strip planting method or a double-row strip planting method, and the variety A and the variety B tea tree are planted in a mixed way in the same tea row;

the variety A is a Huanghuaying Yinghong No. nine variety, and the variety B is a Jinxuan variety.

2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the quantity ratio of the variety A to the variety B is not less than 1.

3. The planting method of claim 2, wherein: the quantity ratio of the variety A to the variety B is 1-3.

4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the tea trees are distributed in the same tea row in an area A and an area B at intervals, a variety A of tea trees are planted in the area A, and a variety B of tea trees are planted in the area B.

5. The planting method of claim 4, wherein: the area ratio of the region A to the region B is not less than 1.

6. The planting method of claim 5, wherein: the area ratio of the area A to the area B is 1-3.

7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: when a single-row strip planting method is adopted, the row spacing is 150-180 cm, the cluster spacing is 30-35 cm, and 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each cluster; when the double-row strip planting method is adopted, the large row spacing is 150cm, the small row spacing is 30-40 cm, the cluster spacing is 30-35 cm, and each cluster comprises 2-3 tea seedlings.