CN110915523A - Green prevention and control method for main pests of camellia oleifera - Google Patents
Green prevention and control method for main pests of camellia oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915523A CN110915523A CN201911275581.9A CN201911275581A CN110915523A CN 110915523 A CN110915523 A CN 110915523A CN 201911275581 A CN201911275581 A CN 201911275581A CN 110915523 A CN110915523 A CN 110915523A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea, which comprises the following steps of (1) forest culture technology, namely, by improving soil preparation, tending management and cultivation technical measures, the biological diversity of forest lands is enhanced, and the pest outbreak condition is reduced; (2) biological control, namely reducing the population base number of pests by using natural enemies of the pests; (3) physical prevention and control, namely, the main pests are killed by utilizing the tropism of the pests and arranging facilities such as a pest sticking plate, a pest killing lamp, an attractant and the like; (4) chemical control, i.e. reducing the population base of insect pests by spraying small amounts of non-pollution chemical agents. The green prevention and control method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the population base number of the pests, the average rate of reduction of population of the main pests can reach more than 80%, and the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 70%, so that the green prevention and control method for the camellia pests is convenient to operate, green, environment-friendly, ecological and free of chemical residues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect management, in particular to a green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea.
Background
The camellia oleifera is an important woody-sleeve tree species in China and has a long planting history. The research on the oil tea forest mainly focuses on the research on the oil tea, and the research shows that the practical value of the oil tea is extremely high, and the following advantages determine that the planting prospect of the oil tea leaves is wide, (1) the oil tea is rich in vitamin elements and multiple vitamins, the nutritional value is far greater than that of peanut oil, soybean oil and rape oil, and the edible value is high; (2) has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and relieving pain, and can be used for treating toothache, stomachache and pharyngolaryngitis with high medicinal value; (3) evergreen in all seasons, bright in flower, strong in ornamental and greening functions, plays an important role in local conservation of water sources, water and soil conservation and microclimate regulation, can absorb chlorine, fluorine and sulfur dioxide, drives the development of forestry ecological tourism and the improvement of environment, and plays an important role in forestry production and driving regional economic development.
However, insect pests in the current tea-oil tree planting process not only affect the yield of tea-oil trees, but also greatly affect the quality of tea-oil trees, and in the prior art, in order to prevent and control pests, a large amount of pesticide is needed, so that the quality of tea-oil tree fruits is reduced, pesticide residues are contained in tea-oil tree fruit trees and fruits, and the ecological environment is easily damaged by spraying a large amount of pesticide.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a green prevention and control method for camellia oleifera pests, which is convenient to operate and does not cause environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a green prevention and control method for camellia oleifera pests, which is pollution-free and protects ecological balance between forests.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) improvement of forest culture and management technology to reduce insect pest damage
a. Land preparation: performing soil preparation 6-12 months before afforestation, selecting a soil preparation mode according to ecological conditions, and performing hole-shaped soil preparation on the original mountain land with vegetation; preparing land on a horizontal zone in a mountain land which originally has shrub or arbor vegetation and has a slope larger than 10 degrees, and reserving partial vegetation every 50m to maintain the biological diversity in the forest;
b. the cultivation technology comprises the following steps: during afforestation, for the forest land which is treated by full reclamation and land preparation, shrubs or trees can be reseeded in the camellia oleifera forest and the periphery to increase the biological diversity in the forest;
c. tending management, including seedling tending and mature tree tending, wherein the seedling tending comprises weeding, fertilizing and shaping, and the mature tree tending comprises reclamation, fertilizing and trimming;
(2) biological control
Biological prevention and control of main pests by using biological preparation and natural enemies of insects
Firstly, spraying biological agents (including beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and the like) on the damaged oil tea and peripheral areas by adopting a low-volume spraying or powder spraying method at the initial stage of occurrence of main pests, and controlling larvae or adults of the main pests;
secondly, in a forest land or an area where pests frequently occur, biological prevention and control of main pest eggs, larvae and adults are carried out by releasing natural enemies of the camellia pests (such as trichogramma, dastarcus helophoroides, scleroderma guani and the like);
(3) physical prevention and cure
The physical prevention and control of stem borers, seed and fruit eating pests and leaf eating pests of the camellia oleifera specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing an insect killing lamp to trap and kill insects: beginning in ten days of 4 months, every 2-3hm in the forest2Installing an insect killing lamp till 10 late ten days to trap and kill pests with strong phototaxis, such as oil tea moth, tea tip moth, oil tea moth and the like;
secondly, inserting and hanging a color plate to trap and kill pests: beginning in last ten days of 4 months, every 10-13m in the forest2Hanging 1 color plate till the end of 11 months, specifically yellowColor and blue color plate to trap and kill Thalictrum acutifolium, Empoasca vitis, etc.;
thirdly, trapping and killing pests by hanging attractant: beginning in last ten days of 4 months, every 40-50m in the forest2Hanging a sex attractant bottle containing a sex attractant until the last 9 months to trap and kill oil tea moth, oil tea geometrid, black tarsal longicorn, oil tea elephant and the like;
(4) chemical control
According to the investigation result, when the pest is seriously occurred, a pollution-free preparation is selected, and a low-volume spraying or powder spraying method is adopted for control.
Preferably, the main pests comprise oil tea elephant, oil tea geometrid, oil tea moth, oil tea leaf wasp, tea horned brooch, citrus gray elephant, oil tea deadleaf moth, tea leaf moth, tea aphid, black tarsal canton beetle and the like.
Preferably, the prevention and control are carried out through the collocation of different measures and prevention and control measures under the condition of determining the types and the harm degrees of main pests through forest monitoring and investigation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) when the main pests are seriously attacked, the prevention measures of mainly chemical prevention and control and secondarily biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control are adopted; 2) when main pests happen slightly or slightly, forest culture measures, biological control and physical control are mainly used.
Preferably, the degree of damage (moderate-severe degree, mild degree) is characterized by moderate-severe degree, namely leaf pest leaf damage rate > 20% or damage rate > 30%, branch tip pest leaf damage rate > 20% or damage rate > 20%, and trunk pest branch damage rate > 10%; the damage rate of mild leaf pests, namely leaf pests, is less than or equal to 20 percent or the damage rate of leaf pests is less than or equal to 30 percent, the damage rate of branch tip pests, leaf pests, is less than or equal to 20 percent or the damage rate of branch pests, and the damage rate of trunk pests is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Preferably, the step (1) also comprises changing planting density to reduce insect pests, and the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting 2-3-year-old strong bare-rooted seedlings with the height of 30-40cm, the seedling stems of more than 0.4cm, developed root systems, vigorous growth and strong insect resistance, selecting at least 4 varieties for planting, planting each variety in rows, planting 1-2 rows of main planted varieties, planting 1 row of matched-line varieties, planting 105 and 115 plants in each mu with the initial planting density, the row spacing of 2.5-3m multiplied by 3.5-4m, adjusting the density to 75-85 plants in each mu after crown closure, checking in time after planting, finding out the plants which are died, and replanting with the same-age large seedlings.
Preferably, the specific method for tree formation and nurturing in the step (1) is as follows: hoeing for 1-2 times per year, with a shallow hoeing depth of 8-10cm, digging for 1 time in three years and a deep digging depth of 15-20cm, applying compound fertilizer according to soil nutrient content and growth condition of camellia oleifera after rainy season every year, and pruning dead branches, insect-plague branches, cross branches, foot branches and bare-grown branches after fruit harvest every year.
Preferably, the biological agent control object and the using method in the step (2) are specifically as follows: respectively using 1-3 hundred million spores/ml of beauveria bassiana to control pests such as tea-oil camellia looper, tea-oil camellia moth, tea horn thoraca and the like by adopting a low-volume spraying method in the peak period of the pests; the method uses the destruxins 1 hundred million spores/mL bacterial liquid to control pests such as the camellia oleifera abel, the cinerea cantoniensis and the tea horned diabrotica by adopting a low-volume spraying method.
Preferably, the natural enemies of the insects and the using method in the step (2) are specifically as follows: the tea-oil tree longicorn pests are controlled by adopting scleroderma guani and dastarcus helophoroides, and 1-3 finger-shaped pipes containing scleroderma guani adults (30 bees per pipe) are placed at the root of the tea-oil tree ground according to the hazard degree of a tea-oil tree forest in 7-9 months every year; or the dastarcus helophoroides and 3 late ten days or 9 middle ten days are adopted, according to the hazard degree of the camellia oleifera forest, 450-900 pairs (each pair is female and male) per hectare are used for releasing, when the test tubes containing the imagoes of the dastarcus helophoroides (the size of the imagoes is 1.5-2cm is suitable) are placed at the root of the ground of the camellia oleifera, the trichogramma of pine moth is used for controlling pests such as the camellia oleifera inchworm, the camellia oleifera looper, the camellia oleifera leafminer and the camellia sassafras camellia sashima, the trichogramma bee cards are manually released at the peak period of emergence of the pests, according to the hazard degree of the camellia oleifera, the trichogramma cards are released according to 450000-750000 heads per hectare used, and when the trichogramma cards are hung (clamped) between the middle and lower layers of branches of the camellia oleifera, and 0..
Preferably, the pollution-free preparation in the step (4) is 2% of beta-fluthrin, 8% of cypermethrin, thiacloprid microcapsules and the like, and the 2% of beta-fluthrin can control most pests according to the insect age of the pestsThe proper dilution multiple is 1000-3000 times; the 8% cypermethrin is a touch-breaking microcapsule aqueous solution, can be used for preventing and controlling pests such as oil-tea camellia elephants and oil-tea camellia longicorn, and is diluted by 150-400 times according to the hazard degree of the oil-tea camellia during prevention and control; the thiacloprid microcapsule is effective on aphids and whiteflies, and also effective on various beetles (Camellia sinensis Broth, Kwangsi chalcid beetles) and lepidoptera pests, and the dosage is 48-180 g of effective components per hm2Spraying on the leaf surface.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the green prevention and control method for the tea-oil tree pests, provided by the invention, combines improvement of forest culture and management technology, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, can effectively control insect pest outbreak of the tea-oil tree pests, saves fertilizer and pesticide, saves cost, is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, green, environment-friendly and ecological, and can prevent and control the problems of enhanced drug resistance of the pests, aggravated environmental pollution, residual agricultural products and the like caused by chemical pesticides.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The prevention and control time is the whole growth period of the camellia oleifera forest.
Test site: new afforestation of camellia oleifera in Nanjing county, Leishui City, Hunan province.
The prevention and control method comprises the following steps: a green prevention and control method for main pests of the camellia oleifera is adopted in a test area, and specifically comprises the following steps of (1) improving forest culture and management technology to reduce the pests: a. land preparation: performing land preparation 6 months before afforestation, and selecting a hole-shaped land preparation mode according to local ecological conditions to maintain the biological diversity among forests; b. tending management: the method comprises weeding, fertilizing and shaping, and specifically comprises the following steps: weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time in the same year, applying a slow-release fertilizer in winter, uniformly scattering the fertilizer around the crown, and ploughing the fertilizer into the soil in combination with intertillage; and (3) pruning dead branches, insect-disease branches, cross branches, foot branches and bare-grown branches in 10 months. The control group adopts conventional treatment, including complete soil preparation and no tending management.
The pest investigation method comprises the following steps: and in the pest emergence period, a five-point sampling method is adopted to calculate the control effect according to the pest population base number comparison of the control area and the contrast area. The calculation formula is as follows: the control effect percent (population density of the pest in the control area-population density of the pest in the control area)/population density of the pest in the control area is 100, and the calculation method is carried out under the condition that the population base numbers of the pest before control are completely the same.
And (3) test results: the method of the invention has obviously reduced pest incidence compared with the conventional control group. See table 1 for details.
TABLE 1 different treatments of oil tea pest emergence
| Species of pest | Population density head/plant of test group insect | Population density head/plant of control group insect | Control effect% |
| Camellia oleifera leaf moth | 2.62 | 6.25 | 58.08 |
| Camellia oleifera leaf wasp | 2.43 | 7.12 | 65.87 |
| Camellia sinensis berk | 6.82 | 18.7 | 63.53 |
| Tea lesser leafhopper | 4.17 | 8.52 | 51.06 |
Example 2
The prevention and control time is the whole growth period of the camellia oleifera forest.
Test site: tea-oil tree forest planting base in great village in civic of bamboo, Leishui City, Hunan province.
Base profile: the area of the base is about 2000 mu, the cultivated varieties are 10-year-old camellia oleifera Xiang forest series varieties, the altitude is 200-240 m, and pests in the base are mild.
The prevention and control method comprises the following steps: a green prevention and control method for main pests of the camellia oleifera is adopted in a test area, and specifically comprises the following steps of (1) improving forest culture and management technology to reduce the pests: by means of tending measures (fertilization and reclamation), egg masses, larvae and pupae (cocoons) of pests are cut off under the condition of enhancing the tree vigor of the camellia oleifera, the pests are removed manually in the pupae stage of the pests, and the pests are controlled in the egg mass operation mode in the egg stage of the pests; the insect population base number of the pests is reduced while the pest breeding condition is effectively broken; the control group was not treated for reclamation, fertilization and trimming.
The pest investigation method comprises the following steps: and in the pest emergence period, a five-point sampling method is adopted to calculate the control effect according to the pest population base number comparison of the control area and the contrast area. The calculation formula is as follows: the control effect percent (population density of the pest in the control area-population density of the pest in the control area)/population density of the pest in the control area is 100, and the calculation method is carried out under the condition that the population base numbers of the pest before control are completely the same.
And (3) test results: the density of pests is obviously reduced compared with that of the control group by using the method. See table 2 for details.
TABLE 2 different treatments of oil tea pest emergence
| Species of pest | Population density head/plant of test group insect | Population density head/plant of control group insect | Control effect% |
| Camellia oleifera leaf moth | 4.48 | 8.6 | 47.91 |
| Camellia oleifera leaf wasp | 3.81 | 7.37 | 48.30 |
| Camellia sinensis berk | 9.76 | 25.36 | 61.51 |
| Oil tea elephant | 1.46 | 3.62 | 59.67 |
| Tea-oil camellia looper | 3.94 | 5.87 | 32.88 |
| Oil tea leaf moth | 2.24 | 6.23 | 64.04 |
Example 3
The prevention and control time is the whole growth period of the camellia oleifera forest.
Test site: tea-oil tree forest planting base in great village in civic of bamboo, Leishui City, Hunan province.
Base profile: the area of the base is about 2000 mu, the cultivated varieties are 10-year-old camellia oleifera Xiang forest series varieties, the altitude is 200-240 m, and pests in the base are mild.
The prevention and control method comprises the following steps: a green prevention and control method for main pests of the camellia oleifera is adopted in a test area, and specifically comprises the following steps of (1) improving forest culture and management technology to reduce the pests: by means of tending measures (fertilization and reclamation), egg masses, larvae and pupae (cocoons) of pests are cut off under the condition of enhancing the tree vigor of the camellia oleifera, the pests are removed manually in the pupae stage of the pests, and the pests are controlled in the egg mass operation mode in the egg stage of the pests; the insect population base number of the pests is reduced while the pest breeding condition is effectively broken; (2) biological control: the biological prevention and control of main pest eggs, larvae and imagoes are carried out by releasing natural enemies of the camellia oleifera pests (such as trichogramma, dastarcus helophoroides, scleroderma guani and the like). The control group was treated conventionally without any preventive measures.
The pest investigation method comprises the following steps: and in the pest emergence period, a five-point sampling method is adopted to calculate the control effect according to the pest population base number comparison of the control area and the contrast area. The calculation formula is as follows: the control effect percent (population density of the pest in the control area-population density of the pest in the control area)/population density of the pest in the control area is 100, and the calculation method is carried out under the condition that the population base numbers of the pest before control are completely the same.
And (3) test results: the method of the invention has obviously reduced pest incidence compared with the conventional control group. See table 3 for details.
TABLE 3 different treatments of oil tea pest emergence
| Species of pest | Population density head/plant of test group insect | Population density head/plant of control group insect | Control effect% |
| Camellia oleifera leaf moth | 1.74 | 8.6 | 79.77 |
| Camellia oleifera leaf wasp | 2.31 | 7.37 | 68.66 |
| Camellia sinensis berk | 8.57 | 25.36 | 66.21 |
| Oil tea elephant | 1.46 | 3.62 | 59.67 |
| Tea-oil camellia looper | 2.1 | 5.87 | 64.22 |
| Oil tea leaf moth | 1.85 | 6.23 | 70.30 |
Example 4
The prevention and control time is the whole growth period of the camellia oleifera forest.
Test site: tea-oil tree forest planting base in great village in civic of bamboo, Leishui City, Hunan province.
Base profile: the area of the base is about 2000 mu, the cultivated varieties are 10-year-old camellia oleifera Xiang forest series varieties, the altitude is 200-240 m, and pests in the base are mild.
The prevention and control method comprises the following steps: a green prevention and control method for main pests of the camellia oleifera is adopted in a test area, and specifically comprises the following steps of (1) improving forest culture and management technology to reduce the pests: by means of tending measures (fertilization and reclamation), egg masses, larvae and pupae (cocoons) of pests are cut off under the condition of enhancing the tree vigor of the camellia oleifera, the pests are removed manually in the pupae stage of the pests, and the pests are controlled in the egg mass operation mode in the egg stage of the pests; the insect population base number of the pests is reduced while the pest breeding condition is effectively broken; (2) biological control: biological prevention and control of main pest eggs, larvae and imagoes are carried out by releasing natural enemies of the camellia oleifera pests (such as trichogramma, dastarcus helophoroides, scleroderma guani and the like); (3) physical control: a. installing an insect killing lamp to trap and kill insects: beginning in ten days of 4 months, every 2-3hm in the forest2Installing an insect killing lamp till 10 late ten days to trap and kill pests with strong phototaxis, such as oil tea moth, tea tip moth, oil tea moth and the like; b. inserting and hanging a color plate to trap and kill pests: beginning in last ten days of 4 months, every 10-13m in the forest2Hanging 1 color plate until 11 months later, specifically yellow and blue color plates, to trap and kill Thalictrum acutifolium and Empoasca vitis. The control group was treated conventionally without any preventive measures.
The pest investigation method comprises the following steps: and (5) calculating the control effect by adopting a five-point sampling method according to the pest population base number comparison. The calculation formula is as follows: the control effect percent (population density of the pest in the control area-population density of the pest in the control area)/population density of the pest in the control area is 100, and the calculation method is carried out under the condition that the population base numbers of the pest before control are completely the same.
And (3) test results: the method of the invention has obviously reduced pest incidence compared with the conventional control group. See table 4 for details.
TABLE 4 different treatments of oil tea pest emergence
| Species of pest | Population density head/plant of test group insect | Population density head/plant of control group insect | Control effect% |
| Camellia oleifera leaf moth | 1.54 | 8.6 | 82.09 |
| Camellia oleifera leaf wasp | 1.61 | 7.37 | 78.15 |
| Camellia sinensis berk | 2.94 | 25.36 | 88.41 |
| Oil tea elephant | 1.26 | 3.62 | 65.19 |
| Tea-oil camellia looper | 1.77 | 5.87 | 69.85 |
| Oil tea leaf moth | 1.37 | 6.23 | 78.01 |
Example 5
The prevention and control time is the whole growth period of the camellia oleifera forest.
Test site: a camellia oleifera forest planting base of Renzhou Zhen Rouzcun in Leishui City of Hunan province.
Base profile: the area of the base is about 1600 mu, the cultivated varieties are 20-30 years old camellia oleifera Xiang forest series varieties, the altitude is 150-220 m, pests in the base are moderate and severe, and the main pest varieties comprise camellia oleifera elephant and camellia oleifera Blanca longissima.
The prevention and control method comprises the following steps: the test areas adopt 3 methods in the invention respectively and are provided with 1 contrast area, specifically, (1) the forest culture and management technology is improved to reduce insect pests: by means of tending measures (fertilization and reclamation), egg masses, larvae and pupae (cocoons) of pests are cut off under the condition of enhancing the tree vigor of the camellia oleifera, the pests are removed manually in the pupae stage of the pests, and the pests are controlled in the egg mass operation mode in the egg stage of the pests; the insect population base number of the pests is reduced while the pest breeding condition is effectively broken; (2) biological control: in the initial stage of occurrence of main pests, spraying biological agents (including beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and the like) on the damaged oil tea and the periphery by adopting a low-volume spraying or powder spraying method, and preventing and treating larvae or adults of the main pests; (3) chemical control: the cypermethrin microcapsule suspending agent with the concentration of 8% is diluted by 250 times and sprayed in the adult period of pests, and the liquid medicine is sprayed on the trunk, the big branches and the places where the adult pests like. The control group was treated conventionally without any preventive measures.
The pest investigation method comprises the following steps: and (5) calculating the control effect by adopting a five-point sampling method according to the pest population base number comparison. The calculation formula is as follows: the control effect percent (population density of the pest in the control area-population density of the pest in the control area)/population density of the pest in the control area is 100, and the calculation method is carried out under the condition that the population base numbers of the pest before control are completely the same.
And (3) test results: the population density of the pests is reduced compared with that of the pests in a control group by using the method. See table 5 for details.
TABLE 5 different treatments of oil tea pest emergence
According to the control method provided by the invention, various measures are mutually utilized, the insect population base number of the pests can be effectively reduced by 60-85%, the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 70%, the pollution to the environment is avoided while the damage to the oil tea is prevented, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the method is green and environment-friendly, and the problems of pest drug resistance enhancement, environmental pollution aggravation, agricultural product residue and the like caused by the chemical pesticides can be prevented.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) improvement of forest culture and management technology to reduce insect pest damage
a. Land preparation: performing soil preparation 6-12 months before afforestation, selecting a soil preparation mode according to ecological conditions, and performing hole-shaped soil preparation on the original mountain land with vegetation; preparing land on a horizontal zone in a mountain land which originally has shrub or arbor vegetation and has a slope larger than 10 degrees, and reserving partial vegetation every 50m to maintain the biological diversity in the forest;
b. the cultivation technology comprises the following steps: during afforestation, for the forest land which is treated by full reclamation and land preparation, shrubs or trees can be reseeded in the camellia oleifera forest and the periphery to increase the biological diversity in the forest;
c. tending management, including seedling tending and mature tree tending, wherein the seedling tending comprises weeding, fertilizing and shaping, and the mature tree tending comprises reclamation, fertilizing and trimming;
(2) biological control
Biological prevention and control of main pests by using biological preparation and natural enemies of insects
Firstly, spraying biological agents on the damaged oil tea and surrounding areas by adopting a low-volume spraying or powder spraying method at the initial stage of occurrence of main pests, and controlling larvae or adults of the main pests;
secondly, in a forest land or an area where pests frequently occur, biological prevention and control of main pest eggs, larvae and adults are carried out by releasing natural enemies of the camellia oleifera pests;
(3) physical prevention and cure
The physical prevention and control of stem borers, seed and fruit eating pests and leaf eating pests of the camellia oleifera specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing an insect killing lamp to trap and kill insects: beginning in ten days of 4 months, every 2-3hm in the forest2Installing an insect killing lamp till 10 late ten days to trap and kill pests with strong phototaxis, such as tea-oil camellia moth, tea tip moth and tea-oil camellia moth;
secondly, inserting and hanging a color plate to trap and kill pests: beginning in last ten days of 4 months, every 10-13m in the forest2Hanging 1 color plate until the end of 11 months, specifically yellow and blue color plates, to trap and kill Thalictrum acutifolium and Empoasca vitis;
thirdly, trapping and killing pests by hanging attractant or feeding attractant: beginning in last ten days of 4 months, every 40-50m in the forest2Hanging a sex attractant containing sex attractantThe bottle is bottled until 9 Yueyuezai, so as to trap and kill oil tea moth, oil tea geometrid, black tarsal canton longicorn and oil tea elephant;
(4) chemical control
According to the investigation result, when the pest is seriously occurred, a pollution-free preparation is selected, and a low-volume spraying or powder spraying method is adopted for control.
2. The green prevention and control method for main pests of oil-tea camellia according to claim 1, wherein the main pests comprise elephant of oil-tea camellia, looper of oil-tea camellia, moth of oil-tea camellia, looper of oil-tea camellia, leaf bee of oil-tea camellia, thoraca camellia sinensis, citrus gray elephant, deadleaf moth of oil-tea camellia, leaf moth of tea camellia, green aphid and tarsal beetle.
3. The green prevention and control method for main pests of camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the prevention and control is carried out by matching prevention and control measures of different measures under the condition that the types and the damage degree of the main pests are definite through forest monitoring and investigation, and specifically comprises the following steps: 1) when the main pests are seriously attacked, the prevention measures of mainly chemical prevention and control and secondarily biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control are adopted; 2) when main pests happen slightly or slightly, forest culture measures, biological control and physical control are mainly used.
4. The green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea trees according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the damage rate of leaves of moderate-gravity leaf pests is > 20% or the damage rate is > 30%, the damage rate of leaves of branch-tip pests is > 20% or the damage rate is > 20%, and the damage rate of branches and trunks of tree-boring pests is > 10%; the damage rate of mild leaf pests, namely leaf pests, is less than or equal to 20 percent or the damage rate of leaf pests is less than or equal to 30 percent, the damage rate of branch tip pests is less than or equal to 20 percent or the damage rate of branch pests is less than or equal to 20 percent, and the damage rate of trunk pests is less than or equal to 10 percent.
5. The green prevention and control method for main pests of camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (1) further comprises the following steps of changing planting density to reduce pests, and the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting 2-3-year-old strong bare-rooted seedlings with the height of 30-40cm, the seedling stems of more than 0.4cm, developed root systems, vigorous growth and strong insect resistance, selecting at least 4 varieties for planting, planting each variety in rows, planting 1-2 rows of main planted varieties, planting 1 row of matched-line varieties, planting 105 and 115 plants in each mu with the initial planting density, the row spacing of 2.5-3m multiplied by 3.5-4m, adjusting the density to 75-85 plants in each mu after crown closure, checking in time after planting, finding out the plants which are died, and replanting with the same-age large seedlings.
6. The green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea trees according to claim 5, wherein the specific method for tending the trees in the step (1) is as follows: hoeing for 1-2 times per year, with a shallow hoeing depth of 8-10cm, digging for 1 time in three years and a deep digging depth of 15-20cm, applying compound fertilizer according to soil nutrient content and growth condition of camellia oleifera after rainy season every year, and pruning dead branches, insect-plague branches, cross branches, foot branches and bare-grown branches after fruit harvest every year.
7. The green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the biological agent in the step (2) is used for preventing and controlling the objects and the using method thereof specifically as follows: respectively using 1-3 hundred million spores/ml of beauveria bassiana to control the pests such as tea-oil camellia looper, tea-oil camellia moth and tea pod borer by adopting a low-volume spraying method in the peak period of the pests; the method uses the destruxins fungus solution with 1 hundred million spores per ml to prevent and control the pests of the camellia oleifera abel, the cinerea cantoniensis and the tea horned diabrotica by adopting a low-volume spraying method.
8. The green prevention and control method for main pests of camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 7, wherein the natural enemies of insects and the using method in the step (2) are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting scleroderma guani and dastarcus helophoroides to control camellia longicorn pests, and placing 1-3 finger-shaped tubes containing scleroderma guani adults on the root of a camellia oleifera ground according to the hazard degree of a camellia oleifera forest in 7-9 months every year; or the dastarcus helophoroides is adopted in late 3 th ten days or middle 9 th ten days, the damage degree of the camellia oleifera forest is determined according to 450-900 pairs per hectare, each pair is released by one male and one female, a test tube filled with the dastarcus helophoroides adults is placed at the root of the ground of the camellia oleifera when the dastarcus helophoroides is released, the trichogramma dendrobii is adopted to control the camellia oleifera inchworm, the camellia oleifera moths, the camellia oleifera leafminer and the camellia oleifera abel budworm, the trichogramma bee card is manually released at the peak of emergence of pests, the trichogramma bee card is released according to 450000-750000 heads per hectare according to the damage degree of the camellia oleifera, the bee card is hung between branches at the middle and lower layers of the camellia oleifera when the tricho.
9. The green prevention and control method for main pests of oil tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that the pollution-free preparation in the step (4) is 2% of beta-fluthrin, 8% of cypermethrin and thiacloprid microcapsule, the 2% of beta-fluthrin can control most of the pests, and the dilution factor is 1000-3000 times according to the pest age and insect state of the pests during control; the 8% cypermethrin is a touch-breaking microcapsule aqueous solution, can be used for preventing and controlling pests such as oil-tea camellia elephants and oil-tea camellia longicorn, and is diluted by 150-400 times according to the hazard degree of the oil-tea camellia during prevention and control; the thiacloprid microcapsule is effective on aphids and whiteflies and also effective on various beetles and lepidoptera pests, and the dosage of the thiacloprid microcapsule is 48-180 g of effective components per hm2Spraying on the leaf surface.
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