A kind of breeding method of plant hedgerow wall
Technical field
The invention belongs to ornamental plants breeding method technical field, be specially a kind of breeding method of plant hedgerow wall.
Background technology
Hedgerow is a kind of seedling growth form of rule, can make up mutually, be trimmed to various moulding, and appreciation effect is fabulous, and effects such as the bad viewpoint of covering, isolating and protecting, dustproof noise control are arranged, and extensively uses in gardens.At present, hedgerow mainly is in when construction the individual plant nursery stock to be arranged plantation in certain sequence to form, and has that construction is slow, moulding is slow, to shortcomings such as plant injury are big, does not often reach the landscape effect of expection.
Summary of the invention
At the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to design the technical scheme of the breeding method that a kind of plant hedgerow wall is provided, it is little to plant injury, and landscape effect just can be seen in the plantation back, and convenient in carrying has been saved cost, and landscape effect is good.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) select suitable place, be equipped with ground cloth, equipment of sprinkler irrigation, and guarantee the seedbed smooth, cloth lay neat;
2) cultivate the seedling of target selection correspondence according to difference, cultivate the seedling of appropriate size by pruning, be completely cured handle and classification after, according to product orientation seedling is planted in special use plantation bag in batches, plantation bag employing bracing frame supports, load matrix in the plantation bag, before the filling matrix is carried out moisteningly, make its water-holding capacity reach 60-65%; The plantation bag linearly distributes along the seedbed direction, each plantation bag spacing 15-25cm, and line-spacing is determined according to specification, along plantation bag placing direction sparge pipe is installed, implantation time is to be advisable the 3-5 month, the 9-10 month; Described bracing frame constitutes agent structure by the connection strap that two parallel door shape frames and bottom thereof connect two door shape frames, and described door shape frame is connected and composed by two vertical bars and upper rail, and two grooves are set on the crosspiece; Two handles that described plantation bag is equipped with by bag and top constitute, and the handle of plantation bag cooperates with the groove clamping of crosspiece;
3) irrigate normal root water after seedling is planted immediately, and plant is carried out spray disinfection handle and foliage spray;
4) the hedgerow wall is pruned with fixing: pruning is for the first time mainly pruned the side of hedgerow, wipes out to exceed part, and the smooth unanimity in four sides is made every effort in side dressing, and the top is standard with the average height of most of seedling;
5) hedgerow wall breeding phase: by to moisture, nutrient, sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control management, in conjunction with typing and pruning, HORMONE TREATMENT means, cultivate hedgerow wall finished product.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that step 2) in: for the bigger ground plantation seedling of specification, at the processing of being completely cured by the previous moon of lifting, preceding 5-7 days of lifting, foliar spray 0.15-0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is carried a few days ago abundant moistening soil; Before the plantation seedling is carried out classification according to height and the hat width of cloth, guarantee the seedling unanimity.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that step 2) in: described seedling is little leaf boxwood, leaflet photinia glabra or living cypress seedling slowly, and used matrix is by Estonia's import peat of volume ratio 2-4:2-4:3-5: washing fermentation cow dung: fine bark mixes and forms.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that step 2) in: described seedling is photinia glabra, Radix Vibumi opuli, golden standing grain glossy privet, golden gloomy glossy privet, the little wax of a silver-colored Ji, gold leaf elm, the livings cypress of speed or Chinese littleleaf box seedling, and used matrix is by Estonia's import peat of volume ratio 4-6:1-3:1-3: 0.5-1.5: fermentation wood chip: fine bark: the mixing of microlith is formed.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that step 2) in: described bag is the truncated rectangular pyramids of open top, its top girth is less than bottom circumference, and the height on long limit is greater than the minor face height, the long edge contraction that exceeds forms handle, and plantation bag bottom up arranges one group of permeable hole on the 3-10cm bag.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall is characterized in that in the step 3): adopt 700-900 times of carbendazim and 0.15-0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate that plant is carried out spray disinfection and handle and foliage spray.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that water management in the step 5): lay the moisturizing of water spray band, the water spray band is close to stromal surface, when the matrix of top layer 5cm " is turned white " drying, water at every turn and be advisable, water even irrigating, the summer temperature drying, when transpiration rate is big, carry out the blade face moisturizing.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that the management of nutrient in the step 5): the summit of growth season in 3,4,5 from planting after 15 days to going out before the garden, June and 9, October, water fertilizing with concentration 0.3-0.5% once topdressed every 10-15 days, and described water fertilizing is that N:P:K is the water soluble composite fertilizer of 21:5:17.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall is characterized in that typing and pruning in the step 5): prune one by one by the definite height of product objective specification and width, prune to promote hedgerow wall side and top plentiful, branches and leaves are intensive, and rapid shaping is purpose; Prune, bounce back to 3-5cm when last time pruning plane 10-20cm when the side shoot growth exceeds, outer straightening reaches target width one by one; Last time prune plane 30cm and bounce back to 20-25cm when above when growth highly exceeds, outer straightening reaches object height one by one, according to the different cultivars characteristic, and annual the pruning 2-3 time.
The breeding method of described a kind of plant hedgerow wall, it is characterized in that HORMONE TREATMENT in the step 5): under the well-off prerequisite of plant nutrition, the top is pruned, the side sprays growth or inhibitory hormone, to promote or the control collateral generation, can select to spray somatotropin or inhibitory hormone according to growing way and the target morphology of plant.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of plant hedgerow wall adopts special-purpose plantation bag, convenient carrying; Be the unit integral construction with the plantation bag, little to plant injury, do not have seedling-slowing stage, and can keep root system of plant to preserve from; Finish pruning and moulding in the nursery, landscape effect just can be seen in the plantation back, has shortened the duration, has saved cost, and landscape effect is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the used bracing frame of the present invention;
Another executes the front view of example to Fig. 2 for the used bracing frame of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of first kind of embodiment of the used plantation bag of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of second kind of embodiment of the used plantation bag of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is bracing frame and the use state diagram of planting bag;
Among the figure: 1-crosspiece, 2-groove, 3-vertical bar, 4-connection strap, 5-handle, 6-sewing sideline, 7-bag, 8-permeable hole.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment one
1) preparatory stage: 1. prepare in the place: prepare by volumetric standard seedling place, select to be equipped with the cultivation place of ground cloth, equipment of sprinkler irrigation, the seedbed is moved towards North and South direction and is arranged; Guarantee the seedbed smooth, cloth lay neatly, forbid to occur the uneven seedbed ponding that causes in seedbed; Sparge pipe is installed, is arranged one by one along plantation bag placing direction; 2. matrix is prepared: adopt the hedgerow wall to produce dedicated substrate; The matrix of hedgerow wall A is Estonia's import peat of volume ratio 3:3:4: washing fermentation cow dung: fine bark, fine bark size 5-15mm, the matrix of hedgerow wall B, C, D is volume ratio 5:2:2: Estonia's import peat of 1: fermentation wood chip: fine bark: microlith (thin melon seeds sheet); Described Estonia import peat, washing fermentation cow dung, fine bark, wood chip, microlith all can be by directly buying on the market, and fine bark and wood chip use after fermenting; 3. container is prepared: adopt special-purpose plantation bag, select the plantation bag of different size according to different cultivation specifications; 4. seedling is prepared: cultivate target call according to difference and select corresponding seedling; The following short product of height 1m, employing successively pruning is cultivated, and begins repeatedly truncation from seedling and promotes branch, repeatedly carries out the side direction pruning simultaneously, and cultivation moves into the cultivation of plantation bag behind certain specification, repeatedly cultivate to finished product after the pruning; The big specification product of height more than 1.5 meters adopts the trunk location to prune and cultivates; Cultivate the seedling trunk earlier, carry out side direction simultaneously and prune the sprouting of promotion side shoot, after trunk reaches respective heights, according to target the line of production is carried out dried surely, the repeatedly oriented sideways pruning of trunk height to seedling, promote that side shoot is intensive, before transplanting, by carrying out being completely cured more than twice, promoting well developed root system less than in 15 centimetres of the container width, move into the plantation bag then and cultivate, cultivate to finished product after repeatedly pruning.
2) the plantation stage: 1. container is put: each plantation bag penetrates 2 long 110cm bamboo poles of diameter 2-3cm as handle, adopts special-purpose supporting frame to support, and the plantation bag linearly distributes along the seedbed direction, each plantation bag bag spacing 20cm, and line-spacing is determined according to specification; 2. matrix filling: before the filling, matrix is carried out moistening, its water-holding capacity is reached about 60%; Matrix filling real component is suitable, hedgerow wall A, B product to 2/3 height, hedgerow wall C, D product to 1/3 height.3. implantation time: the 3-5 month, the 9-10 month to plant and to be advisable, avoid off-season cultivation; If sunlight is strong, when temperature is higher, should select morning (before 10) and (after 4) plantation at dusk, avoid high temperature.4. seedling is handled: (H 〉=120cm) should be in the processing of being completely cured by the previous moon of lifting for the bigger ground plantation seedling of specification.Preceding 5-7 days of lifting, foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate improves the seedling resistance, simultaneously, carries a few days ago abundant moistening soil.5. seedling classification: must carry out classification according to height and the hat width of cloth to seedling before the plantation, guarantee the seedling unanimity.6. plantation: the seedling after the classification is planted in batches, evenly plants in plantation bag central authorities; The seedling at plantation bag two should be selected branches and leaves, and intensive to view and admire face good outwardly, guarantees that matrix is closely knit around the root system, and planting depth is watered behind the normal root water matrix and is higher than about native ball 2cm and is advisable to finish.Irrigate normal root water immediately after plantation is good, if having the nursery stock of inclination, lodging that compacting will in time be set upright and water.After normal root water irrigates, carry out spray disinfection to plant and handle, cooperate foliage spray simultaneously, available 800 times of carbendazim+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray.7. prune with fixing: pruning is for the first time mainly pruned the side of hedgerow, wipes out to exceed part, and the smooth unanimity in four sides is made every effort in side dressing, and the top is standard with the average height of most of seedling.Highly 〉=100cm(hedgerow wall B, C, D) product needed fix.Install and fix stake at every row plantation bag two and centre position, draw the twice iron wire along plantation bag direction.The first road iron wire height exceeds a plantation bag 1-2cm, and anchor root stem position is in order to fixing root system.The second road iron wire height (not containing plantation bag height) is respectively: hedgerow wall B product is 0.6 meter; Hedgerow wall C, D product are 1 meter, and the nursery stock trunk is fixed on the iron wire.
3) breeding phase: 1. water management: supporting corresponding moisturizing facility, be advisable to lay the water spray band.The hole for water spraying spacing is even, and water spray band is close to stromal surface during laying, note simultaneously hole for water spraying towards.Guarantee that water quality infuses, forbids hole for water spraying to stop up clearly.If condition does not possess in the time of will carrying out artificial recharge, when the matrix of top layer 5cm " is turned white " drying, water at every turn and be advisable, water even irrigating.The summer temperature drying, when transpiration rate is big, carry out the blade face moisturizing.2. nutrient management: because matrix is mixed with the love bass slow-release fertilizer of 8-10 month amount, can provide basic nutrient supply.But from after planting 15 days before go out the garden 3,4,5, summit of growth season in June and 9, October, also to once topdress every 10 days with the water fertilizing of concentration 0.3-0.5%.3. sick Chinese caterpillar fungus control: damage by disease and insect is relied mainly on prevention, medicine is controlled in good time, and different kind damage by disease and insect is variant, and main controlling object is soil insect and defoliator, trunk borer and disease routinely.Defoliator: insecticide spray paintings such as 50% DDT EC 1000-1500 times liquid, 40% dimethoate emulsion 800-1000 times liquid control.Aphid is preferable with the blue or green 3000 times of liquid spraying effects of a slice.Anthracnose: 50% Tuzet, 65% mancozeb, 70% thiophanate methyl, 75% tpn, each 500-1000 are doubly; Leaf spot: 50% mancozeb, 70% thiophanate methyl, 50% carbendazim, each 500-1000 doubly mix 400 milliliters streptomycin better effects if.Weeds will in time be handled, accomplish " except early, except little, except ", prevent spreading and propagation of weed seed.4. typing and pruning: prune one by one by the definite height of product objective specification and width.Pruning is to promote hedgerow wall side and top plentiful, and branches and leaves are intensive, and rapid shaping is purpose.Prune, bounce back to 3-5cm when last time pruning plane 10-20cm when the side shoot growth exceeds, outer straightening reaches target width one by one; Last time prune plane 30cm and bounce back to 20-25cm when above when growth highly exceeds, outer straightening reaches object height one by one.According to the different cultivars characteristic, the annual pruning 2-3 time.5. HORMONE TREATMENT: when the product growing height is had a surplus and side shoot when owing intensive, can take suitable HORMONE TREATMENT, concrete mode is: under the well-off prerequisite of plant nutrition, the top is pruned, the side sprays growth or inhibitory hormone, to promote or the control collateral generation.
4) go out the garden: can go out the garden after product is qualified and sell, adopt special-purpose tray carriage to load and unload, exempt to damage the plant shape.
The plantation bag that the present invention adopts and the structure of bracing frame are shown in Fig. 1-5: this bracing frame constitutes agent structure by the connection strap 4 that two parallel door shape frames and bottom thereof connect two door shape frames, described door shape frame is connected and composed by two vertical bars 3 and upper rail 1, and two grooves 2 are set on the crosspiece 1.Described groove 2 is semi-circular recesses or isosceles trapezoid groove.The length of crosspiece 1 is than the long 7.5cm-8.5cm of centre-to-centre spacing of two grooves 2.Vertical bar 3 is the 90-92 degree with the angle of crosspiece 1, and vertical bar 3 is 90 degree with the angle of connection strap 4.Distance between the crosspiece 1 of two parallel door shape frames is 10cm-15cm.Described door shape frame is made by metal wire rod or the bar of diameter 4mm-6mm.Utilize this bracing frame to keep the plantation bag of shape, two handles 5 that are equipped with by bag 7 and top constitute, and the handle 5 of plantation bag cooperates with groove 2 clampings of crosspiece 1; Described bag 7 is the truncated rectangular pyramids of open top, and its top girth is less than bottom circumference, and the height on long limit is greater than the minor face height, the long edge contraction formation handle 5 that exceeds; Bag 7 adopts impermeable material to make, and bag 7 bottoms up arrange one group of permeable hole 8 on the 3-10cm bag, and the diameter of permeable hole 8 is 5-10mm.Handle 5 is hollow sleeve, adopts sewing sideline 6 fixing, and the width of described groove 2 is the 1/2-2/3 of handle 5 external diameters, and the degree of depth is 1.5cm-2cm.The centre-to-centre spacing of two grooves 2 equates or little its 0.2-1cm with the centre-to-centre spacing of two handles 5 of plantation bag.The bottom of described groove 2 is equal to or less than the 0.2-1cm of the bag 7 of plantation bag to the height of bracing frame bottom.When using bracing frame, handle 5 of first plantation bag one side is put into groove 2 places on first bracing frame one side door shape frame, the handle 5 of plantation bag opposite side is put into groove 2 places on second bracing frame, the one side door shape frame; Another side door shape frame of second bracing frame recessed be used to the handle 5 of putting into second plantation bag one side; Fixed by one of them shape frame of two bracing frames by a plantation bag, a bracing frame is fixed a side of two plantation bags, realizes the fixing of plantation bag position, has avoided flexible plantation bag bag body to expand the inconsistent phenomenon of matrix shape.
Embodiment two: hedgerow wall A
Specification: height 50cm, length 100cm, width 30cm, clear bole height 5cm, cultivation period 8 months.Kind is selected: select that growing way is slow, blade is little and kind intensive, the easy moulding of strong, the anti-pruning of rudiment power, as little leaf boxwood, leaflet photinia glabra, living cypress veriety slowly.Matrix is Estonia's import peat of volume ratio 3:3:4: washing fermentation cow dung: fine bark.The hedgerow plantation bag specification of using: long 90cm, wide 20cm, high 20cm.The seedling specification: high 30-40cm, hat width of cloth 20-30cm pieces together kind of 6 strains in each plantation bag.The plantation line-spacing is 80cm, 750 of per mu yields.Size after pruning first: height 20-30cm, width 15-20cm.Landscape Application: short hedge, island, park formula Woody flower garden crisperding and the hedgerow garden belonging to a category, park etc. that can be applicable to traditional usage.
Specific embodiment three: hedgerow wall B
Specification: height 100cm, length 100cm, width 40cm, clear bole height 10cm, cultivation period 12 months.Kind is selected: the selection growing way is very fast, the shrub veriety of anti-pruning, company is at present many all can to produce at garden product such as photinia glabra, golden gloomy glossy privet, golden standing grain glossy privet, the little wax of a silver-colored Ji, the living cypress veriety of the strong speed of orthostatic etc., and other are as the Chinese littleleaf box class fast of growing.Matrix is volume ratio 5:2:2: Estonia's import peat of 1: fermentation wood chip: fine bark: microlith (thin melon seeds sheet).The hedgerow plantation bag specification of using is: long 90cm, wide 30cm, high 25cm.The seedling specification: high 60-80cm, hat width of cloth 30-40cm pieces together kind of 4 strains in each plantation bag.The plantation line-spacing is 80cm, 750 of per mu yields.Be of a size of height 50-60cm after pruning first, width 20-30cm.Landscape Application: can be applicable to motor vehicle intermediate isolating band etc.
Specific embodiment four: hedgerow wall C
Specification: height 150cm, length 100cm, width 50cm, clear bole height 15cm, cultivation period 18 months.Kind is selected: select that growing way is strong than fast growing variety, orthostatic, big shrub and the dungarunga veriety of anti-pruning, as photinia glabra, Radix Vibumi opuli, golden standing grain glossy privet, the little wax of a silver-colored Ji, gold leaf elm etc.Matrix is volume ratio 5:2:2: Estonia's import peat of 1: fermentation wood chip: fine bark: microlith (thin melon seeds sheet).The hedgerow plantation bag specification of using is: long 90cm, wide 40cm, high 30cm.The seedling specification: high 120-140cm, hat width of cloth 40-50cm pieces together kind of 3 strains in each plantation bag.The plantation line-spacing is 120cm, 500 of per mu yields.Be of a size of height 110-120cm after pruning first, width 30-40cm.Landscape Application: can be applicable to garden divider wall etc.
Specific embodiment five: hedgerow wall D
Specification: height 200cm, length 100cm, width 60cm, clear bole height 20cm, cultivation period 18 months.Kind select: select that growing way is strong than fast growing variety, orthostatic, big shrub and the dungarunga veriety of anti-pruning, as photinia glabra, Radix Vibumi opuli, golden standing grain glossy privet, the little wax of a silver-colored Ji, gold leaf elm etc.Matrix is volume ratio 5:2:2: Estonia's import peat of 1: fermentation wood chip: fine bark: microlith (thin melon seeds sheet).The hedgerow plantation bag specification of using is: long 90cm, wide 40cm, high 30cm.The seedling specification: high 160-180cm, hat width of cloth 50-60cm pieces together kind of 3 strains in each plantation bag.The plantation line-spacing is 120cm, 500 of per mu yields.Be of a size of height 140-150cm after pruning first, width 30-40cm.Landscape Application: can be applicable to garden divider wall, implants hedge labyrinth, park and building and block curtain wall etc.