CN103155742B - Intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method - Google Patents
Intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method, comprise the steps: to do ditch at farmland ridging, at least 2 ditch 3 ridges are set, wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 60cm, ridge bottom width 60cm～105cm, ridge high 15～25cm, limit, ridge and bottom of trench angle 30 °～45 °；If planting wheat line-spacing 13～20cm on described ridge, if planting soybean line-spacing 20～30cm；Two row corns, line-spacing 40～50cm, spacing in the rows 25～45cm is planted in ditch；At crop key growthdevelopmental stage, irrigated farmland irrigation water in described ditch.Using plantation and the irrigation method of the present invention, more traditional ground flood irrigation water saving 30%～50%, improve yield 10%～40%, WUEL significantly improves；Both can obtain economic benefit significantly, and can economize on resources again, the stable sustainable development to Agro-ecological System is significant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arviculture and irrigation field, particularly relate to a kind of intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method.
Background technology
The shortage of Northwest inland regional water has had a strong impact on the expanding economy of Liao Gai district and has caused serious ecological problem.
But in the case of the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource is becoming increasingly acute, water resource waste problem is the most extremely serious.Several in the past
During the decade, the pattern of Different Crop intercropping is the most universal.Although this pattern has yield height, the feature of high efficiency, but adopts
By backward irrigation method and the extensive agricultural water management method of broad irrigation, belong to typical to consume water resource in a large number
The intensive agricultural of height being characterized, becomes the leading factor of this district's deterioration of the ecological environment, and these problem Ye Shi China masters
Major reason before wanting cereal crops low yield not.In country for building Water-saving Agriculture, strengthen water and fertilizer management particularly
Water resources management, after compressing the policy execution of highly water intensive crops planting area, this pattern is replaced by single crop-planting.
Although the current cropping pattern based on nonoculture decreases the Water Consumption in Agriculture of single cropping crop to a great extent, its
The problem existed also can not be ignored.First: compared with traditional Planting Patterns on Intercropping, the cultivated land utilization rate that nonoculture causes
Decline the decline necessarily causing unit arable land output, be on the one hand unfavorable for the raising of agricultural overall efficiency, the most not
It is beneficial to coordinate the contradiction between agricultural product increase in demand and land resource continual reductions；Secondly, in the irrigation of Northwest arid district
The main cereal crops spring wheat in farming region is emerged to mid-July from late March and is gathered in the crops, and wheatland is turned over and suned the earth which has been ploughed up afterwards, ground
Exposed nearly 7 months of table, not only easily causes serious wind erosion, and exposed earth's surface and the ground relief caused of turning over
Increase the area that evapotranspires of soil moisture, cause a large amount of invalid loss of Soil storage water, virtually increase farmland water storage winter irrigation
Irrigation quantity.It can thus be seen that the minimizing of this season crop total water consumption is not to improve WUEL as means,
But sacrificing crop yield with other natural resources (such as: light, thermal resource) is cost.Tackle the problem at its root,
Must do not reduce crops output or minimizing amplitude little on the premise of, greatly develop water-saving agriculture fixed to realize pouring water
The significantly downward of volume, it is ensured that agricultural and the coordinated development of ecological environment.
Therefore, intercropping and interplanting is met the present invention cropping pattern and furrow irrigation combines, and assembles and forms " irrigation of intercropping and interplanting furrow "
Pattern.This pattern had both had the characteristic of intercropping and interplanting high yield, had also been provided simultaneously with the feature of furrow irrigation water saving, was to be suitable for current sending out
The key technology that exhibition requires.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency overcoming above-mentioned prior art to exist, it is provided that a kind of intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method.
With it, while reaching Crop Water-saving Technology, also achieve high yield and efficient purpose.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method, comprise the steps:
A, doing ditch at farmland ridging, arrange at least 2 ditch 3 ridges, wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 60cm, ridge bottom width
60～105cm, ridge high 15～25cm, limit, ridge and bottom of trench angle 30 °～45 °；
B, planting wheat or soybean on described ridge, the Planting Row Distance of described wheat is 13～20cm, the kind of described soybean
Planting line-spacing is 20～30cm；Two row corns, line-spacing 40～50cm, spacing in the rows 25～45cm is planted in ditch；
C, at crop key growthdevelopmental stage, irrigated farmland irrigation water in described ditch.
Preferably, the ridge bottom width on described trapezoidal ridge is 75cm～90cm, ridge height 15cm, and limit, ridge and bottom of trench angle are 45 °.
It is further preferred that the ridge bottom width on described trapezoidal ridge is 75cm.
It is further preferred that plant two row corns in planting wheat, line-spacing 13cm, ditch on described ridge, line-spacing 45cm,
Spacing in the rows 30cm.
It is further preferred that plant two row corns in planting soybean, line-spacing 25cm, ditch on described ridge, line-spacing 45cm,
Spacing in the rows 30cm.
It is further preferred that the ridge bottom width on described trapezoidal ridge is 90cm.
It is further preferred that plant two row corns in planting soybean, line-spacing 25cm, ditch on described ridge, line-spacing 45cm,
Spacing in the rows 30cm.
Preferably, described irrigation is only carried out in ditch, and in ridge field crops dependence ditch, the side of moisture is oozed and met its water demand.
In the specific implementation process irrigated, measure field capacity, calculate in conjunction with crop water model etc. and determine field corn ditch
Irrigation norm (CK) under the conditions of filling, on this basis, separately designs water saving 1/3 (W1) and the filling of water saving 2/3 (W2)
The amount of irrigating, in conjunction with the result of study of forefathers, carries out duty control to different growing.
Compared with prior art, there is advantages that
1, owing to present invention introduces multiple cropping, the planting patterns of more current monocropped wheat, while increasing yield,
Add the covered ground time, by the covered ground time lengthening 2.5 months of 4 months originally, not only take full advantage of and work as
The natural resources that ground is superior, also reduces earth's surface invalid evaporation；
2, the present invention changes traditional broad irrigation is furrow irrigation, and irrigated area is reduced to about the 40% of broad irrigation, reduces
Irrigation volume, changes utilization and the ground moistening mode of water consumpation, and ridge field crops relies on furrow irrigation moisture to be seeped on the downside of ridge
Crop root zone is to meet demand of plant growth；The method reduce irrigated area, reduce Evaporation among plants and deep percolation, with
Time avoid the local soil compaction problem generally existed；
3, the present invention uses intercropping and interplanting ditch irrigation technique, and instrument does not utilizes crop part root system to be in dry ground generation ABA, presses down
Outside the luxurious rising advantage reducing water consumption of system, and owing to introducing ditch plant, on the one hand add cultivated land utilization rate,
On the other hand, being sheltered from heat or light and reduce the invalid loss of soil moisture in limit, ridge and irrigation ditch by crop, is conducive to improving irrigation water
Use efficiency；
4, changing earth's surface operation measure, increase the surface area accepting solar radiation, early spring, ground temperature went up fast, had
It is beneficial to wheat early sowing early receive, gathered in the crops before hot dry wind arrives, reach comprehensively to increase production water saving and the effect of resources effective utilization.
The present invention is based on fully irrigating, and design water saving 1/3 (W1) and the irrigation level of water saving 2/3 (W2), to ridge
Ditch interculture carries out regulation and control of pouring water the time of infertility, compares Different irrigation condition to furrow interculture yield and water utilization
The impact of efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The detailed description made non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings by reading, other of the present invention is special
Levy, purpose and advantage will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is corn and wheat furrow intercropping field planting schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is plantation schematic diagram between corn and soybean furrow stripping field；
Fig. 3 is (to overlap) between embodiment 2 to make furrow irrigation to corn jointing stage/soybean flower bud differentiation period soil evaporation among plant day
Change affects schematic diagram, and wherein, A is irrigation in growing period 405mm, and B is irrigation in growing period 270mm, and C is breeding time
Pour water 135mm；
Fig. 4 is (to overlap) between embodiment 2 to make furrow irrigation to corn typhon mouth phase/soybean full-bloom stage soil evaporation among plant day
Change affects schematic diagram, and wherein, A is irrigation in growing period 405mm, and B is irrigation in growing period 270mm, and C is breeding time
Pour water 135mm；
Wherein, 1 is corn, and 2 is wheat, and 3 is soybean.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following example will assist in this area
Technical staff is further appreciated by the present invention, but limits the present invention the most in any form.It should be pointed out that, to this area
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make certain adjustments and improvements.These
Broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Field planting schematic diagram corresponding to the intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method of the present embodiment is as it is shown in figure 1, specifically comprise the following steps that
1) in Gansu Wuwei oasis, choose that soil fertility is homogeneous, irrigate convenient farmland, broadcast preplanting treatment crop.Making
The amount of setting floor treatment mode before thing sowing: tradition level land plantation (TI) and ridging do ditch, and wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, bottom of trench
Wide 60cm, ridge bottom width is respectively 60cm (RF60), 75cm (RF75), 90cm (RF90) and 105cm (RF105), and ridge is high
15cm, limit, ridge and bottom of trench angle 45 °；
2) at sowing stage of wheat, level land operation according to local tradition intercropping plant mode sow wheat (every 6 every trades away from for
The wheat of 15cm is a wheat belt, the corn belt of a reserved wide 60cm between two wheat belts), furrow irrigation side
Formula is in step 1) in ridge on plant wheat, line-spacing 13cm, by 350,000/hm2Basic Seedling is sowed；
3) in step 2) in after wheat emerges, furrow irrigation method is in step 1) plant two row corns, line-spacing in described ditch
45cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, level land operation according to local tradition planting patterns in step 2) in plant in reserved corn belt and be implanted with
Rice two row, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 35cm；
4) under the ecological condition of the Hexi Corridor In Gansu continental monsoon climate of arid, the irrigation under field corn furrow irrigation
It is rated for 4500m3/hm2(CK), the irrigation quantity (3000m of design water saving 1/3 on this basis3/hm2: W1) and water saving
Irrigation quantity (the 1500m of 2/33/hm2: W2).Wherein ridging make the process of ditch will pour water pour in step 3) in corn
In plantation ditch.Three kinds of irrigation quantities combine with four kinds of row spacings with tradition level land intercropping respectively, form 15 process, each place
Manage in triplicate, Gong45Ge community.
Use the plantation described in this example and irrigation method, 1) the covered ground time is extended: the local wheat cultivation time
For early or mid March, harvest time is early or mid July, and the corn planting time is late April, and harvest time is October
Just.So owing to present invention introduces multiple cropping, the planting patterns of more current monocropped wheat, add the covered ground time,
By the covered ground time lengthening 2.5 months of 4 months originally；Relative to sole maize, the covered ground time is from original
Within 6 months, extend to 7.5 months, not only take full advantage of local superior natural resources, also reduce earth's surface invalid evaporation；2)
Add crop yield: significantly improve field-crop yield as it can be seen from table 1 reasonably irrigate with cropping pattern combination.
Under the conditions of Different Irrigation, deal with more traditional intercropping yield between the furrow of 90cm and 75cm row spacing and be significantly increased.?
Under conditions of CK, the W1 of 1/3 water saving and the water saving 2/3 fully irrigated, the intercropping of 90cm furrow intercropping more traditional level land is produced
Amount is respectively increased 22.50%, 2.49% and 9.95%, increases production 39.32%, 23.43% between the more traditional level land of 75cm furrow intercropping
With 30.43%；3) improve WUEL (WUE): consistent with yield performance, rational furrow intercropping and appropriateness fill
Water is provided that water use efficiency.As it can be seen from table 1 at the CK fully irrigated, the W1 of 1/3 water saving and joint
Under conditions of water 2/3,90cm furrow intercropping more traditional level land intercropping WUEL is respectively increased 18.30%, 3.51%
With 1.67%, between 75cm furrow intercropping more traditional level land, WUEL improves 34.99%, 23.42% and 24.83%.
Improve it can be seen that 90cm and 75cm furrow processes more traditional intercropping volume increase and WUEL under different irrigation
Effect obvious；Compared with 90cm furrow intercropping, 75cm furrow intercropping yield and moisture under Different irrigation treatment conditions
Utilization ratio relatively level land tradition intercropping increase rate is bigger, is optimal processing.
Yield under the different disposal combination of table 1 Hexi prefecture and WUEL
Embodiment 2
Field planting schematic diagram corresponding to the intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method of the present embodiment is as in figure 2 it is shown, specifically comprise the following steps that
1) after Shaanxi Yang Ling winter wheat is gathered in the crops, the farmland deep ploughing that soil fertility is homogeneous and smooth is chosen.Before crop is sowed
If amount floor treatment mode: tradition level land plantation (TI) and ridging do ditch, and wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 60cm,
Ridge bottom width is respectively 60cm (RF60), 75cm (RF75), 90cm (RF90) and 105cm (RF105), ridge height 15cm, ridge
Limit and bottom of trench angle 45 °；
2) in step 1) described in traditional level land plantation in, alternately soybean band and corn belt (according to every four every trades away from
The soybean of 25cm is the mode of a growth belt, and every two every trades are a corn planting belt away from the soybean for 40cm), two kinds
Distance between crop band is 25cm；In step 1) plant soybean on described ridge, distance between rows and hills be 25cm, 60cm, 75cm,
2 row, 2 row, 3 row and 4 row soybean are planted respectively, in step 1 on the wide ridge of 90cm and 105cm) plant in described ditch
Corn, Row spacing of maize 45cm, spacing in the rows 30cm；
3) under the semiarid weather conditions of Guanzhong area semi-moist, the irrigating water quota under the summer corn furrow irrigation of land for growing field crops is
1800m3/hm2(CK), the irrigation quantity (900m of design water saving 50% on this basis3/hm2: W1) and the process (W2) do not irrigated.
Totally three irrigation quantities process, and pour at twice at Maize at Seedling Stage and jointing stage.Wherein ridging does the process of ditch and will pour water and pour into
In step 2) in corn planting ditch in.Three kinds of irrigation quantities combine with four kinds of row spacings with tradition level land intercropping respectively, composition
15 process, each process in triplicate, Gong45Ge community.
Find from the test in Shaanxi dry land agriculture research institute of Yang Ling Xibei Univ. of Agricultural & Forest Science & Technology proving ground in 2010, adopt
By the plantation described in this kind of invention, irrigation method, the main result of acquirement is as follows:
1) be conducive to developing to direction intensive, sustainable agriculture: can Guanzhong area Summer Maize nonoculture system be changed
For the Complex plant ecosystem of summer corn // summer soybean intercropping, the plane canopy of nonoculture system is changed into the solid of compound system
Canopy.On the one hand improving farmland ecological environment, beneficially the efficient utilization of resource, on the other hand adds farmland species
Diversity, forms intensivesustainable farming, beneficially farmland ecosystem and sends out towards stable, the good direction of sustainable agriculture
Exhibition；
2) intercropping and interplanting furrow Irrigation changes field-crop soil evaporation among plant feature: from Fig. 3,4 it can be seen that
Along with successively decreasing of irrigation quantity, between, daily evaporation amount reduces, and under identical irrigation quantity, between furrow intercropping, daily evaporation amount is relative
Less.Soil evaporation among plant diurnal variation respectively processes the unimodal curve variation tendency all presenting first increases and then decreases, 8:00～
14:00 gradually rises, and reaches peak value at 14:00～16:00, is gradually lowered the most again, and soil evaporativeness is with near surface gas
The change of temperature has obvious hysteresis quality.Before corn jointing stage/soybean flower bud differentiation period, furrow intercropping diurnal variation luffing
Relatively big, corn typhon mouth phase/soybean full-bloom stage, RF75 and RF90 soil evaporation diurnal variation luffing under each irrigation condition
Less and minimum.
3) crop yield is significantly improved: from table 2 it can be seen that by the enforcement of intercropping and interplanting furrow Irrigation, agriculture
Field crop yield all has raising in various degree.The especially pattern yield potential of 90cm, 75cm and 60cm row spacing is relatively big,
At the CK fully irrigated, the W1 of 1/3 water saving with under conditions of not pouring water, 90cm row spacing processes (RF90) more traditional intercropping
(CT) volume increase 22.22%, 21.69% and 13.67%, 75cm row spacing processes (RF75) more traditional intercropping (CT) yield and divides
You can well imagine the highest by 8.29%, 25.96% and 19.12%, 60cm row spacing process (RF60) more traditional intercropping (CT) yield carry respectively
High by 11.45%, 19.70% and 27.34%, and tradition intercropping between volume variance notable；
4) water use efficiency is significantly improved: from table 2 it can be seen that furrow intercropping more traditional level land intercropping moisture
Utilization ratio increase rate, between 2%～32%, is reasonably irrigated and furrow intercropping combination can be increased substantially water utilization
Efficiency.The potentiality especially dealing with efficient water use between the furrow of 90cm, 75cm and 60cm row spacing are bigger.Filling
Under conditions of dividing the CK irrigated, the W1 of 1/3 water saving and not pouring water, 90cm row spacing processes more traditional intercropping (CT) moisture
Utilization ratio is respectively increased 23.94%, 22.20% and 8.14%, and 75cm row spacing processes (CT) WUEL and carries respectively
High by 6.81%, 22.50% and 21.36%, 60cm row spacing process (CT) WUEL be respectively increased 9.88%, 15.05%
With 31.51%, and significant difference between tradition intercropping WUEL.It can be seen that RF75 and RF90 process for
Optimize soybean // corn intercrop Farmland Water utilization, raising crop yield and WUEL effect obvious, especially
RF75, yield and WUEL are affected less by irrigation mode, have obvious adaptability to environment.
Yield under the combination of table 2 Yang Ling different disposal and WUEL
In sum, the intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method of the present invention, while increasing yield, when adding covered ground
Between, by the covered ground time lengthening 2.5 months of 4 months originally, or the farmland ecosystem changing monocrop was
Many crops, stable Complex plant ecosystem, not only take full advantage of local superior natural resources, also reduce earth's surface invalid
Evaporation；Additionally, it is furrow irrigation that the present invention changes traditional broad irrigation, irrigated area is reduced to about the 40% of broad irrigation,
Reduce irrigation volume, change utilization and the ground moistening mode of water consumpation, minimizing while reducing irrigated area
Between evaporation and deep percolation, avoid the problems such as the local soil compaction generally existed simultaneously.In the method for the present invention, ridge
Upper crop can be soybean, and the crop on ridge and in ditch can also be all corn or other crops.The plantation of the present invention fills
Irrigate method, can apply in corn, wheat, sunflower, Chinese sorghum, the composite plant technology of Soybean and Other Crops.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned spy
Determining embodiment, those skilled in the art can make various deformation or amendment within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A, doing ditch at farmland ridging, arrange at least 2 ditch 3 ridges, wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 60cm, ridge bottom width 75 or 90cm, ridge height 15cm, limit, ridge and bottom of trench angle 45 °；
B, on described ridge, plant wheat or soybean；Two row corns, line-spacing 45cm, spacing in the rows 30cm is planted in ditch；
When planting wheat on ridge, ridge bottom width is 75cm, and the Planting Row Distance of wheat is 13cm,
When planting soybean on ridge, ridge bottom width is 90cm, and the Planting Row Distance of soybean is 25cm；
C, at crop key growthdevelopmental stage, irrigated farmland irrigation water in described ditch；
Described irrigation is only carried out in ditch, and in ridge field crops dependence ditch, the side of moisture is oozed and met its water demand；
The specific implementation process of described irrigation is: measure field capacity, calculate in conjunction with crop water model and determine the irrigation norm under field corn furrow irrigation, on this basis, separately design water saving 1/3 and the irrigation volume of water saving 2/3, different growing is carried out duty control；
Described intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method is crop-planting under the conditions of northwest drought, semiarid climate.
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| RU2348147C1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2009-03-10 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н. Костякова Россельхозакадемии | Furrow irrigation method |
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| CN105900634A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Ecologically sustainable organic wheat planting method |
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