CN104919995B - The fertilizer application method of soil in a kind of Wheat/Maize soybean intercropping and interplanting system - Google Patents
The fertilizer application method of soil in a kind of Wheat/Maize soybean intercropping and interplanting system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fertilizer application method of soil in Wheat/Maize soybean intercropping and interplanting system, including：S1：Band interval mode maize planting on corn planting band is used in 4 months March of spring, to the harvest of August September then；S2：Hairy vetch is sowed after harvesting corn on corn planting band, and Hairy vetch fresh grass is turned over during the first tenday period of a month late October 11 then buried；S3：In early November late October then, wheat is sowed on wheat soybean planting band, is harvested to period 6 months Mays in next year；S4：In mid or late June in next year, soybean or sweet potato are sowed in wheat soybean planting band, is harvested to late October in next year；S5：Late October in next year has harvested and Hairy vetch is sowed after soybean or sweet potato, and turns over Hairy vetch fresh grass the 3rd year 4 months March and bury.The inventive method lifts soil fertility by the way of environmental protection, is conducive to making China's agricultural production stride forward to sustainable development road.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the training of soil in field of agricultural cultivation, more particularly to a kind of Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system
Fertile method.Background technology
With the development of the social economy, population sustainable growth, agricultural planting is always the important of relation China national economy
Mainstay industry, China's traditional agriculture carries out improvement of soil fertility using farm manure always, and this method soil fertilities are good, and environmentally friendly nothing
Pollution, but be due to the progress of modern cultural technique, various aquaculture formation scales, systematization production take to farm manure
With foring certain difficulty, so, current agricultural planting relies primarily on using chemical fertilizer to ensure the yield of crops, and ignores
Soil is fostered and apply fertilizer, relies solely on and is very easy to cause Land Environment to pollute using chemical fertilizer, soil texture is destroyed, to soil
Resource causes greatly to waste and destroy, loss of soil nutrient or using insufficient, and agricultural production plantation efficiency is low, and production capacity is released
Put deficiency.
Tool correlative study shows, more organic matter, average out to 15% or so are contained in green manure crop.When green manure returns to soil
After earth, it will produce actively impact to the formation of the soil organism, decomposition and accumulation.（Yan Chang liters, 1988）Dang Pingli（1994）、
Yang Jingyi（1995）, Shi Jiping（2002）Deng research show that chronic administration green manure can improve the organic and inorganic compound of soil
Resultant, and then improved the soil organism, increase soil fertility.In addition, the organic fertilizer such as green manuring, can make soil untwisting
The content of state, steady knot state and tight knot state humus increases（Jiang Yan etc., 1987；Shi Jiping, 2002）.And long-term singly applying
Fertilizer, is unfavorable for the holding of the soil organism, the humus content of the soil of untwisting state can be caused to decline, the ratio of tight knot state is improved,
So that soil organism deterioration, is unfavorable for adjusting the supply of soil nutrient（Zhang Baiquan etc., 1987；Nietal, 2004）.
Friendly gold（1992）, Lin Jinglan（1998）Research also indicate that green manure covering can significantly improve the soil organism.Sun Congshu, Wang Hong
Swallow（1998）Exhausting stage is studied by location test to foster and apply fertilizer persistency effects of the material to the soil organism, as a result explanation plantation is green
Fertilizer can effectively improve soil organic matter content.Wang Ruibao（2009）Have studied to turn over Smooth vetch and substantially can increase in soil has
Machine matter content, and the contribution of the different amount of turning over to organic matter is different.The experiment of recent year is proved, in most of areas
Soil on turn over green manure, the soil organism can be made to be improved to varying degrees.The continuous plantation three on Red Soils In A Hill Region
Year green manure, the soil weight reduces 0.04-0.09g/cm3, porosity increase 1.51%-3.40% respectively（Xie Jinlan etc., 1990）；
After the continuous 5 years interplanting green manures in orchard, porosity of soil adds 4.72%-6.26% before relatively testing, with compareing for not green manuring
Compared to increase 3.42%-4.51%, the soil weight reduces 0.19%-0.29% before relatively testing, 0.14%- is reduced compared with the control
0.23%, soil moisture content improves 5.71%-6.28% compared with control（Tai leads to bridge etc., 1999）.Li Zongxin（2004）, Yang Yuhai etc.
（2005）Research show that green manure returning to the field can reduce the soil weight, total porosity increase, physical behavior improved.Bag is made the country prosperous
Deng（1994）Research is found, with conditions of applying appropriate phosphate fertilizer, is turned over green manure according to the 45t/hm2 amount of turning over, can be made soil
Volume to weight ratio blank control declines 12.3%, porosity increase by 10.3%, water content increase by 18.2%；Compared with applying the processing of chemical fertilizer,
The soil weight have dropped 10.8%, and porosity adds 9.0%, and water content adds 18.3%.Liu Guoshun（2006）, Luo Zhenbao
（2006）, Wang Yong（2009）Et al. research also obtain similar conclusion.In addition, turn over green manure also have regulation soil pH,
The effects such as Ec, improvement surface temperature（Aobvious Gan of Huang etc., 1996；Zhao Qian, 2002）.
In order to realize the sustainable use of soil resource, improve agricultural production efficiency and agriculture production capacity is fully sent out
Wave, the present invention will provide a kind of use and " idle period green manuring crop be utilized in Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system
And turn over utilization " method that enables soil to foster and apply fertilizer, it can not only be preserved the ecological environment with culture fertility, and can improve
Low-yield land soil.
Following is that abbreviation involved in the present invention and Key Term are defined：
Between make：Referring to one batch has two or more breeding season close crop, embarked on journey on same field or into
Band（Multirow）It is spaced the mode of plantation.Using/expression generally between crop title.Such as：Wheat/broad bean.
Interplanting：Between strain, row or the furrow in preceding season plant growth later stage sow or transplant after season crop planting patterns.Interplanting
Symbiosis phase of two or more crop only account for sub-fraction time of breeding time, be season between season crop before and after a kind of solve
Save the Cropping Patterns of contradiction.Using // expression generally between crop title.Such as：Corn // wheat.
Crop rotation：Refer on same field, have sequentially between season or between year the different crop of shifting cultivation or
A kind of planting patterns of multiple cropping combination.Using-expression generally between crop title.Such as：Wheat-soybean.
Intercropping and interplanting：Just refer in same soil, using two or more the regular plantation of crop interlacing
Planting system.
Intercropping and interplanting system：Just refer to include a holonomic system for whole crops in intercropping and interplanting.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：The fertilizer application method of soil in a kind of Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system is provided, no
The amount of application of chemical fertilizer in crops can be only reduced, mitigates the influence that Chemical Fertilizer on Environment is caused, can also reduce agricultural production
Cost, improves quality, the lifting soil fertility of grain by the way of environmental protection.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system
The fertilizer application method of middle soil, comprises the following steps：
S1：During March in spring-April use band interval mode maize planting on corn planting band, to August then-
September is harvested；
S2：After August then-September harvesting corn, Hairy vetch is sowed on corn planting band immediately, and in then
During the first tenday period of a month late October -11, before wheat cultivation, by site preparation by the Hairy vetch fresh grass on corn planting band turn over into
Soil；
S3：During late October then-early November, using band interval mode in adjacent small of corn planting belt
Wheat is sowed on wheat-soybean planting band, to being harvested during May in next year-June；
S4：At mid or late June in next year, on wheat-soybean growth belt, soybean is sowed using band interval mode, extremely
Late October in next year is harvested；
S5：Late October in next year has been harvested after soybean, sows Hairy vetch on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately, and
During in March, the 3rd-April, before corn seeding, Hairy vetch fresh grass is turned over by site preparation and buried.
The inventive method preferably comprises following steps：
S1：Band interval mode duplicate rows maize planting on corn planting band is used during March in spring, to August then
Harvest；
S2：After August harvesting corn then, Hairy vetch is sowed on corn planting band immediately, and November then
During the first tenday period of a month, before wheat cultivation, the Hairy vetch fresh grass on corn planting band is turned over by site preparation and buried；
S3：During early November then, using band interval mode, in the adjacent wheat-soybean kind of corn planting belt
Plant takes sowing wheat, is harvested during to mid or late June in next year；
S4：At mid or late June in next year, soybean is sowed on wheat-soybean growth belt, using band interval mode, extremely
Late October in next year is harvested；
S5：October in next year has been harvested after soybean, sows Hairy vetch on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately, and in
During in March, 3, before corn seeding, by site preparation by Hairy vetch fresh grass turn over and bury.
Soybean in the inventive method could alternatively be sweet potato.
Between the corn planting belt of the inventive method and a width of 1 meter of the band of wheat-soybean growth belt, two neighboring growth belt
Gapless.
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on corn planting band immediately in the step S2 of the inventive method：Per public
Just 60 kilograms.
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on soybean planting band immediately in the step S5 of the inventive method：Per public
Just 45 kilograms.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Present invention firstly provides using idle periods green manuring crop in Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system and turn over
Bury the method for fertilizing soil, the be particularly suitable for use in use of hills area dryland soil of the inventive method is supported and combined.The inventive method is filled
Divide, reasonably land resource and idle periods and its sunlight-heat reaources in Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system are make use of, by 8
Month, harvesting corn was to when sowing wheat at the beginning of 11 months, 3 months free times on corn planting band, and harvested soybean by the end of October
Or sweet potato, to seeding corn in March in next year when, the free time of 4 months on wheat-soybean growth belt, during by this two sections of free time
Between fully utilize plantation leguminous green manure：Hairy vetch, because Hairy vetch can realize biological nitrogen fixation, its plant
Fresh body, which is turned in soil, to be used to fertilizing soil as optimal ecological, environmental protection organic fertilizer.The inventive method can not only subtract
10%-15% applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in few crops, mitigates the influence that Chemical Fertilizer on Environment is caused, can also reduce agricultural production into
This, quality, the lifting soil fertility of grain are improved by the way of environmental protection, land utilization efficiency is improved, makes full use of light
Thermal resource, realizes the High yield of crops, is conducive to making China's agricultural production stride forward to sustainable development road.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is not used to limit only to explain the present invention
The fixed present invention.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in table 1, in a kind of Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system soil fertilizer application method, entered using following steps
Row improvement of soil fertility is planted：
S1：Seeding method maize planting on corn planting band in duplicate rows interval is used during March in spring, to August then
Harvest；
S2：After August harvesting corn then, Hairy vetch is sowed on corn planting band immediately, and November then
During the first tenday period of a month, before wheat cultivation, the Hairy vetch fresh grass on corn planting band is turned over by site preparation and buried；
S3：During early November then, using the spaced seeding method of bar, in the adjacent wheat of corn planting belt-big
Wheat is sowed on beans growth belt, is harvested during to mid or late June in next year；
S4：At mid or late June in next year, soybean is sowed on wheat-soybean growth belt, using band interval mode, extremely
Late October in next year is harvested；
S5：October in next year has been harvested after soybean, sows Hairy vetch on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately, and in
During in March, 3, before corn seeding, by site preparation by Hairy vetch fresh grass turn over and bury.
Between the corn planting belt of the inventive method and a width of 1 meter of the band of wheat-soybean growth belt, two neighboring growth belt
Gapless.
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on corn planting band immediately in the step S2 of the inventive method：Per public
Just 60 kilograms.
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on soybean planting band immediately in the step S5 of the inventive method：Per public
Just 45 kilograms.
The inventive method fully, reasonably make use of idle in land resource and Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system
Phase and its sunlight-heat reaources, during by sowing wheat at the beginning of August part harvesting corn to 11 months, 3 months free times on corn planting band,
And by the end of October harvest soybean or sweet potato, to seeding corn in March in next year when, during 4 months free time on wheat-soybean growth belt
Between, this two sections of free times are fully utilized into plantation leguminous green manure：Hairy vetch, because Hairy vetch can realize life
Thing nitrogen fixation, the fresh body of its plant, which is turned in soil, to be used to fertilizing soil as optimal ecological, environmental protection organic fertilizer.
Using the fertilizer application method of soil in a kind of Wheat/Maize of the inventive method-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, it can not only subtract
10%-15% applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in few crops, mitigates the influence that Chemical Fertilizer on Environment is caused, can also reduce agricultural production into
This, quality, the lifting soil fertility of grain are improved by the way of environmental protection, land utilization efficiency is improved, makes full use of light
Thermal resource, realizes the High yield of crops, is conducive to making China's agricultural production stride forward to sustainable development road.
Embodiment 2：
As shown in table 1, in a kind of Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system soil fertilizer application method, entered using following steps
Capable plantation of fostering and apply fertilizer：
S1：Band interval mode maize planting on corn planting band is used during March in spring, to the harvest of August then；
S2：After August harvesting corn then, Hairy vetch is sowed on corn planting band immediately, and November then
During the first tenday period of a month, before wheat cultivation, the Hairy vetch fresh grass on corn planting band is turned over by site preparation and buried；
S3：During early November then, using band interval mode, in the adjacent wheat-soybean kind of corn planting belt
Plant takes sowing wheat, is harvested during to mid or late June in next year；
S4：At mid or late June in next year, sweet potato is sowed in wheat-soybean growth belt, using band interval mode, extremely
Late October in next year is harvested；
S5：October in next year has been harvested after sweet potato, sows Hairy vetch on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately, and in
During in March, 3, before corn seeding, by site preparation by Hairy vetch fresh grass turn over and bury.
Between the corn planting belt of the inventive method and a width of 1 meter of the band of wheat-soybean growth belt, two neighboring growth belt
Gapless.
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on corn planting band immediately in the step S2 of the inventive method：Per public
Just 60 kilograms.
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on soybean planting band immediately in the step S5 of the inventive method：Per public
Just 45 kilograms.
The inventive method fully, reasonably make use of idle periods in land resource and Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system
And its sunlight-heat reaources, during by sowing wheat at the beginning of August part harvesting corn to 11 months, 3 months free times on corn planting band, with
And by the end of October harvest soybean or sweet potato, to seeding corn in March in the coming year when, 4 months free times on wheat-soybean growth belt,
This two sections of free times are fully utilized into plantation leguminous green manure：Hairy vetch, because Hairy vetch can realize biology
Nitrogen fixation, the fresh body of its plant, which is turned in soil, to be used to fertilizing soil as optimal ecological, environmental protection organic fertilizer.
Using the fertilizer application method of soil in a kind of Wheat/Maize of the inventive method-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, it can not only subtract
10%-15% applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in few crops, mitigates the influence that Chemical Fertilizer on Environment is caused, can also reduce agricultural production into
This, quality, the lifting soil fertility of grain are improved by the way of environmental protection, land utilization efficiency is improved, makes full use of light
Thermal resource, realizes the High yield of crops, is conducive to making China's agricultural production stride forward to sustainable development road.
Table 1：
| Month | Corn planting belt | Wheat-soybean growth belt | Corn planting belt | Wheat-soybean growth belt |
| January | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat |
| 2 months | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat |
| March | Corn | Wheat | Corn | Wheat |
| April | Corn | Wheat | Corn | Wheat |
| May | Corn | Wheat | Corn | Wheat |
| June | Corn | Soybean | Corn | Soybean |
| July | Corn | Soybean | Corn | Soybean |
| August | Hairy vetch | Soybean | Hairy vetch | Soybean |
| September | Hairy vetch | Soybean | Hairy vetch | Soybean |
| October | Hairy vetch | Soybean | Hairy vetch | Soybean |
| November | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch |
| December | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch |
| January | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch |
| 2 months | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch |
| March | Wheat | Corn | Wheat | Corn |
| April | Wheat | Corn | Wheat | Corn |
| May | Wheat | Corn | Wheat | Corn |
| June | Soybean | Corn | Soybean | Corn |
| July | Soybean | Corn | Soybean | Corn |
| August | Soybean | Hairy vetch | Soybean | Hairy vetch |
| September | Soybean | Hairy vetch | Soybean | Hairy vetch |
| October | Soybean | Hairy vetch | Soybean | Hairy vetch |
| November | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat |
| December | Hairy vetch | Wheat | Hairy vetch | Wheat |
Claims (6)
1. the fertilizer application method of soil, comprises the following steps in a kind of Wheat/Maize-soybean intercropping and interplanting system：
S1：Band interval mode maize planting on corn planting band is used during March in spring-April, to August-September then
Harvest；
S2：After August then-September harvesting corn, Hairy vetch is sowed on corn planting band immediately, and October then
During the last ten-days period-early November, before wheat cultivation, by site preparation by the Hairy vetch fresh grass on corn planting band turn over into
Soil；
S3：During late October then-early November, using band interval mode in the adjacent wheat of corn planting belt-big
Wheat is sowed on beans growth belt, to being harvested during May in next year-June；
S4：At mid or late June in next year, in wheat-soybean growth belt, soybean is sowed using band interval mode, to next year
Late October is harvested；
S5：Late October in next year has been harvested after soybean, sows Hairy vetch on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately, and in
During in March, 3-April, before corn seeding, Hairy vetch fresh grass is turned over by site preparation and buried.
2. the fertilizer application method of soil in Wheat/Maize according to claim 1-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
S1：Band interval mode duplicate rows maize planting on corn planting band is used during March in spring, to the harvest of August then；
S2：After August harvesting corn then, Hairy vetch is sowed on corn planting band immediately, and in early November then
Period, before wheat cultivation, the Hairy vetch fresh grass on corn planting band is turned over by site preparation and buried；
S3：During early November then, using band interval mode, in the adjacent wheat-soybean growth belt of corn planting belt
Upper sowing wheat, is harvested during to mid or late June in next year；
S4：At mid or late June in next year, soybean is sowed in wheat-soybean growth belt, using band interval mode, to next year
Late October is harvested；
S5：October in next year has been harvested after soybean, sows Hairy vetch on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately, and in the 3rd year 3
During month, before corn seeding, Hairy vetch fresh grass is turned over by site preparation and buried.
3. the fertilizer application method of soil in Wheat/Maize according to claim 1 or 2-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, its feature exists
In the soybean replaces with sweet potato.
4. the fertilizer application method of soil in Wheat/Maize according to claim 3-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, it is characterised in that
Gapless between a width of 1 meter of the band of corn planting belt and the wheat-soybean growth belt, two neighboring growth belt.
5. the fertilizer application method of soil in Wheat/Maize according to claim 3-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, it is characterised in that
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on corn planting band immediately in the step S2：60 kilograms of per hectare.
6. the fertilizer application method of soil in Wheat/Maize according to claim 3-soybean intercropping and interplanting system, it is characterised in that
The seed consumption of sowing Hairy vetch is on wheat-soybean growth belt immediately in the step S5：45 kilograms of per hectare.
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| CN106258309A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 普定县金鑫种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of Semen Maydis and the three-dimensional interplanting method of soybean strip type catch cropping Radix Ipomoeae |
| CN106342437B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽金皖泰面粉有限公司 | A kind of subregion fertilizer application method |
| CN106613227A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 西南科技大学 | Crop rotation planting method for forage crops and grain crops |
| CN108605756A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-02 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of cultivation method improving sweet potato production comprehensive benefit |
| CN108849325A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-23 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of sustainable cropping pattern intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop |
| CN109601291A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of corn, green manure gently simplify efficient intercropping mode |
| CN111972073B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-10-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Efficient utilization method of red soil resources |
| CN112219665B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Annual matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean |
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| CN85105156B (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-09-30 | 胡一夫 | Method of cultivation without ploughing by using roots or stubble of chinese trumpet creeper |
| CN1089075A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1994-07-13 | 衣立山 | new technology for increasing crop yield |
| CN1214191A (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 1999-04-21 | 张厚才 | Optimized crop cultivation method |
| US7634869B1 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2009-12-22 | Williams Jr Marvin J | Combined intercropping and mulching method |
| CN103155742B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-08-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Intercropping and interplanting furrow irrigation method |
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