CN107646350A - A kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods, it is that corn is subjected to packet sowing, and cultivated by the way of making between rice interplanting and wheat, the packet sowing is corn to be divided into summer corn and autumn corn is sowed, the mode that the summer corn carries out same period interplanting with rice is sowed, and the autumn corn carries out intercropping plant with wheat；The summer corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and for rice growing in the wide row of summer corn, the autumn corn uses double line width ridge, and wheat cultivation is planted on ridge with autumn corn interval.Summer corn was sowed between 20~May 10 April, and the autumn corn is to be sowed in 18 days~August of August between 31 days.The implantation methods of the present invention improve the quality of three kinds of crop-plantings by being grouped to kind and the rational supporting common increasing both production and income realized to corn, rice and wheat of cropping pattern.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods.
Background technology
China is traditional agricultural production big country, at the same be also a populous nation, three generalized grains of China's agricultural planting
Crop is corn, rice and wheat, and the plantation yield and quality of this Three major grain crops directly govern Chinese national economy
Development and peasant income.Wherein corn is in China or even the cultivation history in the world's all existing many years, China's corn planting
Area is quite varied, and the maize sown area of only southern 7 provinces and cities has just reached more than 7,000 ten thousand mu, and long-term cultivated area accounts for national grain
The 1/4 of food crop area, total output account for the 1/3 of national total output of grain.Although the current year output development of China's corn
Comparatively fast, but still there is larger gap with the market demand of China's corn, corn is except being one of Three major grain crops, or family
The excellent food of poultry, it contains abundant feeding value, is referred to as the king of feed, and the corn for having more than 70% is used as livestock and poultry
Feed, therefore the market demand is very big.Yet with the limitation of China's productivity level, the mechanical coverage rate degree ratio of maize culture
Relatively low, many areas still rely on manpower work, and this have impact on the yield of corn to a certain extent, simultaneously because each regional
Environmental condition is variant, and planting patterns has relatively big difference, causes the quality height difference of corn, and corn is either made as grain
Thing or feed ingredient, it is required to pursue the implantation methods of high yield and high quality, but China is on corn planting at present
Still without the cropping pattern that formation is unified.
Planting Patterns on Intercropping is the constantly progressive product of Chinese agricultural development, either in traditional agriculture or Modern Agriculture
Significant contribution is all made that in industry.The natural resources such as rational intercropping and interplanting pattern energy intensive utilization light, heat, fertilizer, water, can increase agriculture
Field diversity of organism, it can also improve the productivity in land area of one unit.Existing research between use reasonably it has been shown that cover
The mode of work can improve the yield of crops, and the A of patent CN 103098626 provide the side of a kind of sorrel and corn relay interplanting
Method, the yield and quality of rheum officinale can be improved；The A of patent CN 103098679 provide a kind of rice and plant interplanting corn without floods and droughts
Cultural method, realize the increasing both production and income of rice；The A of patent CN 103181296 provide a kind of rice and corn intercrop kind
The method of plant, realize increasing income for crop yield.
The factor for influenceing corn yield and quality essentially consists in planting patterns, and in the planting process of corn its yield and
Selection, seedtime and the thickness of sowing of quality and corn variety, planting environment, fertilising and field management etc. all have important
Relation, the plantation of corn can also be had an impact plus by the way of intercropping and interplanting, thus to ensure the quality and yield of corn,
Advanced cultivation technique must be selected in actually cultivating.And packet type plantation is carried out for different corn varieties, in conjunction with
Rational intercropping and interplanting pattern, is that the high yield that can bring corn increases income in theory, but prior art there is no method to provide unification
Cropping pattern be used for corn variety packet cultivate, therefore how corn variety is grouped and how with intercropping and interplanting kind
Implant model is organically combined to ensure the quality of corn and yield, turns into the technical problem for thirsting for solving in modern maize culture.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, and to aim to provide a kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting kind
Plant method, to realize the increasing both production and income to corn by rational cropping pattern.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods,
This method is that corn is carried out into packet sowing, and is cultivated by the way of making between rice interplanting and wheat, the packet
Sowing is corn to be divided into summer corn and autumn corn is sowed, and the mode that the summer corn and rice carry out same period interplanting is broadcast
Kind, the autumn corn carries out intercropping plant with wheat；The summer corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and rice growing is in the width of summer corn
In row, the autumn corn uses double line width ridge, and wheat cultivation is planted on ridge with autumn corn interval.
Corn seed is grouped into by the present invention using the method for carrying out being grouped cultivation to corn seed according to different kinds
Summer corn and autumn corn, cultivated by the packet to summer corn and autumn corn, and select rice and summer corn relay interplanting planting, and
The mode of autumn corn and winter wheat intercropping plant, by the rational allocation to planting patterns, realizes summer corn and autumn well
The increasing both production and income of corn, on the other hand, inventor find that the present invention uses rational planting patterns, while also achieves to water
Rice and the increasing both production and income of wheat.
Further, the summer corn was sowed between 20~May 10 April, and the autumn corn is in August 18 days
~August is sowed between 31 days.Directly contact because the Yield and quality of corn has with cultivation season, planted in appropriate season
Corn, not only facilitates the yield and quality of lifting corn, and can improve planting benefit, and summer corn is special due to season
Property, easily there is lack of moisture, the phenomenon of nutrition supply deficiency, therefore have considerable influence, present invention choosing to the yield of summer corn
Select summer corn to plant at 4 the end of month to early May, the sowing time of summer corn is shifted to an earlier date into a period of time, fully takes into account the water of soil
Point and nutrition supply, and combine the habit of corn, the yield of summer corn can be obviously improved, the sowing time is not only suitable for
Summer corn is planted, and the plantation to rice is also favourable；Equally it is to consider corn and autumn corn selection is sowed in late August
Growing environment and wheat habit, the sowing time of autumn corn is suitably postponed a period of time, make full use of soil environment
The conditions such as change, climatic factor realize the volume increase of crop.
Further, the planting density of the summer corn is 3100~3500 plants/acre, and the planting density of the autumn corn is
2600~3200 plants/acre.The yield of corn has outside the Pass except the selection with seedtime, also with thickness of sowing direct correlation, fits
When the planting density for improving corn, more preferable economic benefit and social benefit can be obtained, lifts per mu yield rate, but due to summer
The influence of climatic factors different with autumn, planting density should reasonably be changed according to soil environment and climatic condition,
If planting density is too small, the effect of dense planting is unable to reach, and the input of fund can be increased；And planting density is excessive, seed
Quality can decline, the demand deficiency such as sunlight, moisture and nutriment needed for plant growth, also be unable to reach cultivation effect well
Fruit, influence the lifting of whole economic efficiency.The present invention according to the different grouping of corn seed, and combine under different grouping with kind
The cereal crops habit requirement of sub- intercropping and interplanting, designs the planting density of suitable different seed varieties, realizes good
Cultivation effect.
Further, the wide row line-spacing of the summer corn plantation is 140~150cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 25~35cm.Xia Yu
Meter Cai Yong wide-narrow row planting modes, suitable line-spacing directly affect the yield of summer corn.
Further, the specification of the Rice Cropping is that 2 water-filling rice are planted in summer corn wide row, between the paddy rice row
Away from for 35~40cm.Rice carries out interplanting with summer corn, chooses suitable line-spacing between Different Crop and is cultivated, is taken into full account
The demand and supply of interplanting crop, ensure the good growth of two kinds of crops, realize two-way increasing both production and income.
Further, the row spacing of autumn corn plantation is 120~140cm, a height of 10~15cm in ridge, the line-spacing of autumn corn
For 30~40cm, the line-spacing of wheat is 90~110cm, and autumn corn is located at centre, wheat on ridge and is located at both sides on ridge.Autumn corn with
Wheat is sowed by the way of making between, using large-ridge double-row, adds the ventilation and penetrating light of crop root, and take full advantage of side row
Advantage, while corn yield is ensured, the volume increase of wheat is realized well.
Further, the seed of the sowing chooses that disease resistance is strong, good stress resistance, and kind grain it is full, without shrivelled shape
Elite seed, the seed include summer corn seed, autumn corn seed, rice paddy seed and winter wheat seed.The quality of kind is straight
The quality and disease resistance ability for the growth for determining crop are connect, the seed that the present invention sows is chosen elite seed, realized in morning
To the preliminary screening of seed when phase is sowed, it is more beneficial for ensureing the yield and quality of crop.
Further, the fertilizer applied during the summer corn sowing is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 10 in base fertilizer:12.5:
16.5.It is to ensure crop yield using rational measures of fertilizer, there is provided the means of nutriment, during corn growth, institute
The azophoska needed is more, and the ratio for rationally controlling N P and K to apply, and can promote the growth of corn, ensure the yield of corn
And quality, the present invention combines the characteristic of summer corn growth and the uptake characters of interplanting crop rice, by N, P, K ratio setting
For 10:12.5:16.5, the demand of summer corn and rice to nutriment can be ensured very well.
Further, the fertilizer applied during the autumn corn sowing is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 20 in base fertilizer:10:5.This
Invention combines the characteristic of autumn corn growth and the uptake characters of interculture wheat, is 20 by N, P, K ratio setting:10:
5, the demand of autumn corn and wheat to nutriment can be ensured very well.
Further, the fertilizer is imposed once again after corn growth to florescence.Jade length enters florescence
After, the speed of growth is substantially accelerated, and female tassel is largely formed, and required nutrient is more, and infiltration rate is also accelerated, therefore
A top dressing is now carried out, the demand of crop late growing stage can be fully ensured that, ensure that the yield and quality of crop well.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1st, using the planting patterns of packet type, the increasing both production and income to corn is realized；
2nd, intercropping and interplanting is carried out with Different Crop respectively using the corn seed of different cultivars, realized to different corn varieties
Dual increasing both production and income；
3rd, arrange in pairs or groups and select by rational planting patterns, furthermore achieved that small to interplanting crop rice and interculture
The increasing both production and income of wheat, the same year cultivation to Three major grain crops is realized, and yield and quality are improved.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments to the present invention
It is specifically described.It is important to point out that following examples provide the more preferable scheme of the present invention, it is used only for this
Invention is explained and illustrated, and is not intended to limit the present invention.Those skilled in the art are made according to foregoing invention content
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Carried out in In Xishuangbanna of Yunnan testing site, for summer corn from river single 418, rice selects river perfume (or spice) rice No. 6, autumn corn choosing
With the gold autumn, wheat selects tobacco grower No. 19, and seed chooses that disease resistance is strong, good stress resistance, and kind grain it is full, without the excellent of shrivelled shape
Seed.Three pieces of fields that adjacent area is identical, soil fertility is close are chosen, are divided in each piece of field according to the method for table 1
Other maize planting, rice and wheat, wherein being by the implantation methods of intercropping and interplanting of the present invention：Summer corn shifted to an earlier date after April 20
Sowing, the mode that summer corn carries out same period interplanting with rice are sowed, and summer corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and wide row line-spacing is 140cm,
Narrow row line-spacing is 25cm, and rice growing is in the wide row of summer corn, planting 2 rows, and the spacing of paddy rice row is 35cm, the kind of summer corn
Density in planting is 3100 plants/acre；The delay sowing after 18 days of autumn corn August, autumn corn carry out intercropping plant with wheat, and autumn corn is adopted
With double line width ridge, row spacing 120cm, a height of 10cm in ridge, line-spacing 30cm, wheat cultivation is on ridge, with autumn corn interval
Plantation, autumn corn are located at centre, wheat on ridge and are located at both sides on ridge, and the line-spacing of wheat is 90cm, and the planting density of autumn corn is
2600 plants/acre.The fertilizer that summer corn is applied when sowing is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 10 in base fertilizer:12.5:16.5, autumn corn is broadcast
The fertilizer applied during kind is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 20 in base fertilizer:10:5, summer corn and autumn after corn growth to florescence
Corn is imposed once again, and dosage and proportioning are identical when being applied with first time.Then the total output of corn is calculated.
General planting method refers to the implantation methods for the comparative maturity that the existing crop for corresponding kind has been formed,
Stable crop yield can be obtained in a manner of ensureing general planting, it is not right to refer to by interplanting of the present invention and an implantation methods made
Corn is grouped, and directly carries out interplanting or a mode made, and after sowing crop all harvest, counts the yield of each crop
Etc. data, as a result as shown in table 1：
Table 1
The planting patterns that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is can be seen that from the result of the test of table 1 obtains the significantly volume increase of corn
Increase income, compared with general planting and relay interplanting planting, the total output of corn is increased production up to 64.7% and 42.7% respectively, wherein with routine
Plantation is compared, and summer corn and autumn corn kind are increased production up to 35.1% and 29.6% respectively；The yield of rice and general planting and set
Compared as plantation, increase production 31.6% and 23.5% respectively；The yield of wheat is increased production respectively compared with general planting and intercropping plant
27.5% and 19.0%.As can also be seen from Table 1, the packet type intercropping and interplanting implantation methods that the present invention uses, the matter of gained crop
Amount is obviously improved.
Embodiment 2
Carried out in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan testing site, summer corn selects Zheng Dan 958, and rice selects emblem two excellent 996, and autumn corn selects agriculture
Big by 108, wheat selects Henan wheat 18, and seed chooses that disease resistance is strong, good stress resistance, and kind grain is full, the good species without shrivelled shape
Son.Test method is selected according to the method for embodiment 1 with field, wherein being by the implantation methods of intercropping and interplanting of the present invention：Xia Yu
Rice was sowed in advance before May 10, and the mode that summer corn carries out same period interplanting with rice is sowed, and summer corn uses wide-and narrow-row kind
Plant, wide row line-spacing be 150cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 35cm, and rice growing is in the wide row of summer corn, 2 rows of plantation, between paddy rice row
It it is 3500 plants/acre away from the planting density for 40cm, summer corn；Autumn corn deferred seedtime, autumn corn and wheat before August 31 days
Intercropping plant is carried out, autumn corn uses double line width ridge, row spacing 140cm, a height of 15cm in ridge, line-spacing 40cm, Wheat Sowing
Plant on ridge, planted with autumn corn interval, autumn corn is located at centre, wheat on ridge and is located at both sides on ridge, and the line-spacing of wheat is
110cm, the planting density of autumn corn is 3200 plants/acre.The fertilizer that summer corn is applied when sowing is the ratio containing N, P, K in base fertilizer
For 10:12.5:16.5, the fertilizer that autumn corn is applied when sowing is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 20 in base fertilizer:10:5, given birth in corn
Long to be imposed again once to summer corn after florescence and autumn corn, dosage and proportioning are identical when being applied with first time.Then
Calculate the total output of corn.
Result of the test is as follows：It is beautiful compared with general planting and relay interplanting planting according to the Planting Patterns on Intercropping of embodiment 2
The total output of rice is increased production up to 61.2% and 40.7%, the yield of rice respectively increases production 29.5% and 21.7% respectively；The production of wheat
Amount increases production 26.5% and 20.0% respectively；It is and equal according to the packet type intercropping and interplanting implantation methods of the present invention, the quality of gained crop
It is obviously improved.
Embodiment 3
Carried out in Baise of Guangxi testing site, corn is from grand flat 267, and rice selects grand two excellent 534, and autumn corn is single from Shandong
981, wheat selects Anhui wheat 52, and seed chooses that disease resistance is strong, good stress resistance, and kind grain is full, the elite seed without shrivelled shape.
Test method is selected according to the method for embodiment 1 with field, wherein being by the implantation methods of intercropping and interplanting of the present invention：Summer corn exists
Sowed before and after April 29, the mode that summer corn carries out same period interplanting with rice is sowed, and summer corn uses wide-narrow row planting, wide row
Line-spacing is 145cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 30cm, and rice growing plants 2 rows in the wide row of summer corn, and the spacing of paddy rice row is
38cm, the planting density of summer corn is 3300 plants/acre；Autumn corn is sowed before and after 22 days in August, and autumn corn enters with wheat in the ranks to be made
Plantation, autumn corn use double line width ridge, row spacing 130cm, a height of 12cm in ridge, line-spacing 34cm, wheat cultivation on ridge,
Planted with autumn corn interval, autumn corn be located on ridge centre, and wheat is located at both sides on ridge, and the line-spacing of wheat is 100cm, autumn corn
Planting density be 2900 plants/acre.The fertilizer that summer corn is applied when sowing is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 10 in base fertilizer:12.5:
16.5, the fertilizer that autumn corn is applied when sowing is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 20 in base fertilizer:10:5, in corn growth to florescence
Summer corn and autumn corn are imposed once again afterwards, and dosage and proportioning are identical when being applied with first time.Then corn is calculated
Total output.
Result of the test is as follows：It is beautiful compared with general planting and relay interplanting planting according to the Planting Patterns on Intercropping of embodiment 3
The total output of rice is increased production up to 65.9% and 44.3%, the yield of rice respectively increases production 32.5% and 21.7% respectively；The production of wheat
Amount increases production 32.5% and 21.7% respectively；It is and equal according to the packet type intercropping and interplanting implantation methods of the present invention, the quality of gained crop
It is obviously improved.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods, it is characterised in that be that corn is subjected to packet sowing, and use rice
The mode made between interplanting and wheat is cultivated, and the packet sowing is corn to be divided into summer corn and autumn corn is broadcast
Kind, the mode that the summer corn carries out same period interplanting with rice is sowed, and the autumn corn carries out intercropping plant with wheat；The summer
Corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and for rice growing in the wide row of summer corn, the autumn corn uses double line width ridge, Wheat Sowing
Kind is planted on ridge with autumn corn interval.
2. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the summer corn is 4
Sowed between month 20~May 10, the autumn corn is to be sowed in 18 days~August of August between 31 days.
3. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the plantation of the summer corn
Density is 3100~3500 plants/acre, and the planting density of the autumn corn is 2600~3200 plants/acre.
4. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the summer corn plantation
Wide row line-spacing is 140~150cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 25~35cm.
5. the packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that the Rice Cropping
Specification to plant 2 water-filling rice in summer corn wide row, the spacing of the paddy rice row is 35~40cm.
6. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the autumn corn plantation
Row spacing is 120~140cm, and a height of 10~15cm in ridge, the line-spacing of autumn corn is 30~40cm, and the line-spacing of wheat is 90~110cm,
Among autumn corn is located on ridge, wheat is located at both sides on ridge.
7. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the seed of the sowing is equal
Selection disease resistance is strong, good stress resistance, and kind grain is full, the elite seed without shrivelled shape, and the seed includes summer corn seed, autumn
Corn seed, rice paddy seed and winter wheat seed.
8. the packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that the summer corn is broadcast
The fertilizer applied during kind is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 10 in base fertilizer:12.5:16.5.
9. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 8, it is characterised in that during the autumn corn sowing
The fertilizer of administration is that the ratio containing N, P, K is 20 in base fertilizer:10:5.
10. packet type corn intercropping and interplanting implantation methods according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the fertilizer is in corn
Grow to after florescence and imposed again once.
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Application publication date: 20180202 |