CN102985153B - 防水透气过滤器及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
防水透气过滤器(1)具备形成有多个贯通孔(21)的树脂薄膜(2)和以在与贯通孔(21)对应的位置处具有开口(31)的方式形成在树脂薄膜(2)的厚度方向的两表面中的至少一个表面上且具有疏水性和拒油性的处理层(3)。贯通孔(21)具有0.01μm以上且10μm以下的预定尺寸,且以密度落入10~1×108个/mm2范围内的特定区域的方式均匀分布。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及安装在例如壳体上的防水透气过滤器及该防水透气过滤器的用途。
背景技术
以往,在例如汽车ECU(电控单元,Electrical Control Unit)、电动机、车灯、传感器等汽车电装部件、电动牙刷、电动剃刀、手机等家电制品、太阳能电池等中,为了消除壳体的内部与外部的压力差而在收容电子部件或控制基板等的壳体上设置开口,并利用防水透气过滤器封闭该开口。该防水透气过滤器用于确保壳体内外的透气并且防止水和灰尘等异物侵入到壳体内。
这种防水透气过滤器经常使用透气性良好且耐水压高的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)多孔膜(例如参考专利文献1)。PTFE多孔膜通常通过将PTFE微粉末成形为片状并将该片状成形体沿正交的两个方向进行拉伸而得到。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-237949号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
PTFE多孔膜具有由原纤维和结点构成的复杂多孔结构,其孔径也不均匀。因此,对于使用PTFE多孔膜的防水透气过滤器而言,测定透气度时,透气度根据部位而异,透气性存在波动。因此,为了使防水透气过滤器的质量稳定,有时采取增大防水透气过滤器的面积等对策。
鉴于上述情况,本发明的目的在于提供具有稳定的透气性的防水透气过滤器及该防水透气过滤器的用途。
用于解决问题的手段
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种防水透气过滤器,用于确保透气并且防止水的渗入,其中,具备:作为非多孔树脂薄膜且形成有在厚度方向上贯通该树脂薄膜的多个贯通孔的树脂薄膜;和以在与上述多个贯通孔对应的位置处具有开口的方式形成在上述树脂薄膜的厚度方向的两表面中的至少一个表面上且具有疏水性和拒油性的处理层,并且,上述多个贯通孔具有0.01μm以上且10μm以下的预定尺寸,且以密度落入10~1×108个/mm2范围内的特定区域的方式均匀分布。
在此,与贯通孔相关的“尺寸”是指与贯通孔的截面积相等的圆的直径。
另外,本发明提供一种防水透气过滤器的用途,其中,使用上述防水透气过滤器将设置在壳体上的开口封闭,通过上述防水透气过滤器消除上述壳体的内部与外部的压力差。
发明效果
根据上述构成,利用形成在树脂薄膜上的贯通孔能够实现透气并且利用树脂薄膜上的处理层能够确保防水性。而且,贯通孔具有预定尺寸且均匀分布,因此,能够在整个面上对防水透气过滤器赋予均匀的透气性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的防水透气过滤器的示意性截面图。
图2是另一实施方式的防水透气过滤器的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
以下,参考附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1中示出了本发明的一个实施方式的防水透气过滤器1。该防水透气过滤器1用于确保透气并且防止水的侵入。例如,防水透气过滤器1以将设置在壳体(未图示)上的开口封闭的方式安装在壳体上,用于通过该防水透气过滤器1消除壳体的内部与外部的压力差。
具体而言,防水透气过滤器1具有非多孔树脂薄膜2和形成在树脂薄膜2上的处理层3。在此,“非多孔”是指内部由树脂填塞的实心的状态。
树脂薄膜2上形成有在厚度方向上贯通该树脂薄膜2的多个贯通孔21。换言之,贯通孔21开口于树脂薄膜2的厚度方向的两个表面。典型地,贯通孔21为具有一定的截面形状且呈直线状贯通树脂薄膜2的通孔。这样的贯通孔可以通过例如离子束照射和蚀刻来形成。另外,离子束照射和蚀刻中,可以在树脂薄膜2上形成尺寸和轴方向一致的贯通孔。
另外,贯通孔21的截面形状没有特别限定,可以为圆形,也可以为不定形。另外,贯通孔21的轴方向不需要为与树脂薄膜2的厚度方向的两表面垂直的方向,可以自该方向倾斜。
贯通孔21具有0.01μm以上且10μm以下的预定尺寸。另外,贯通孔21的尺寸不需要在全部贯通孔21中完全一致,只要在全部贯通孔21中能够视为实质上等同的值的程度(例如标准差为平均值的10%以下)即可。贯通孔21的尺寸可以通过蚀刻时间、蚀刻处理液浓度来调节。优选的贯通孔21的尺寸为0.5μm以上且5μm以下。
另外,优选贯通孔21在树脂薄膜2的整个面上以密度落入10~1×108个/mm2范围内的特定区域(例如最大密度为最小密度的1.5倍以下)的方式均匀分布。贯通孔21的密度可以通过离子束照射时的离子照射量来调节。优选的贯通孔21的密度为1×103~1×107个/mm2。
树脂薄膜2的孔隙率(全部贯通孔21的截面积的总和相对于由树脂薄膜2的轮廓规定的面积的比例)没有特别限定,从保持能够经得住使用用途的薄膜强度的观点出发,优选为50%以下,更优选为35%以下。
另外,树脂薄膜2的厚度没有特别限定,为了实现小孔径(高耐水压)和高孔隙率(高透气)的结构(为了在具有厚度的基材中也形成小孔径的孔),优选树脂薄膜2的厚度相对于上述预定尺寸的比(将预定尺寸设为D并将树脂薄膜的厚度设为T时的T/D)为1以上且10000以下,更优选为5以上且1000以下。
构成树脂薄膜2的材料没有特别限定,优选能被碱溶液、氧化剂溶液或含有氧化剂的碱溶液分解的树脂。例如,树脂薄膜2由选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)中的至少一种树脂构成。
在用于形成贯通孔21的上述蚀刻中,使用与构成树脂薄膜2的材料相对应的碱溶液或氧化剂溶液等蚀刻处理液。例如,氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠等碱溶液可以作为使树脂水解的溶液使用。另外,例如亚氯酸水溶液、次氯酸水溶液、过氧化氢水溶液、高锰酸钾溶液等氧化剂溶液可以作为使树脂氧化分解的溶液使用。例如,在利用PET、PEN、PC中的任意一种树脂构成树脂薄膜2的情况下,使用以氢氧化钠为主要成分的溶液作为蚀刻处理液,在利用PI构成树脂薄膜2的情况下,使用以次氯酸钠为主要成分的溶液作为蚀刻处理液。另外,在利用PVdF构成树脂薄膜2的情况下,使用在以氢氧化钠为主要成分的溶液中添加有高锰酸钾的溶液作为蚀刻处理液来分解PVdF。
或者,作为形成有贯通孔21的树脂薄膜2,也可以使用オキシフエン公司或密理博公司销售的膜过滤器。
另外,树脂薄膜2不需要一定是单层,也可以分成多层。
处理层3在图1中形成在树脂薄膜2的厚度方向的两表面中的一个表面上,但也可以形成在树脂薄膜2的两表面上。即,处理层3形成在树脂薄膜2的厚度方向的两表面中的至少一个表面上即可。
具体而言,处理层3以在与贯通孔21对应的位置处具有开口31的方式形成,并且具有疏水性和拒油性。这种处理层3可以通过将疏水性的拒油剂薄薄地涂布在树脂薄膜2上并使其干燥而形成。作为上述拒油剂,可以列举例如具有全氟烷基的含氟类涂布剂。另外,处理层3的厚度优选小于与贯通孔21相关的上述预定尺寸的一半。
在以上述方式在形成有贯通孔21的树脂薄膜2上涂布拒油剂并使其干燥的情况下,贯通孔21的内周面可以也由与处理层3连续的第二处理层覆盖。这种情况下,处理层3的开口31的尺寸比贯通孔21的尺寸减小相当于第二处理层厚度的尺寸。
例如图2所示,在树脂薄膜2上可以层叠有透气性支撑材料4。透气性支撑材料4可以如图2所示层叠在树脂薄膜2的未形成处理层3的表面上,也可以夹着处理层3层叠在树脂薄膜2的形成有处理层3的表面上。另外,透气性支撑材料4不仅可以层叠在树脂薄膜2的单面上,也可以层叠在两面上。作为透气性支撑材料4,优选透气性优于树脂薄膜2的材料,可以使用例如机织布、无纺布、网、筛网等。另外,作为透气性支撑材料4的材质,可以列举例如:聚酯、聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺树脂等。
树脂薄膜2与透气性支撑材料4通过热熔敷、利用胶粘剂的胶粘等通常的方法接合。树脂薄膜2与透气性支撑材料4的接合局部性地进行,其接合部分的面积优选为整体面积的5~20%。这是因为,接合部分的面积小于整体面积的5%时,树脂薄膜2和透气性支撑材料4容易剥离,大于20%时,在接合部分耐水压降低。另外,优选接合部分相对于整体面积均匀分散。
以上构成的防水透气过滤器1的依照JISL1092-A(低水压法)或JISL1092-B(高水压法)测得的耐水压优选为1kPa以上且1000kPa以下。
本实施方式的防水透气过滤器1中,利用形成在树脂薄膜2上的贯通孔21能够实现透气并且利用树脂薄膜2上的处理层3能够确保防水性。而且,贯通孔21具有预定尺寸且均匀分布,因此,能够在整个面上对防水透气过滤器1赋予均匀的透气性。
以往的使用PTFE多孔膜的防水透气过滤器中,为了增加厚度而有时将多片PTFE多孔膜层叠。这种情况下,耐压试验时,在低于单层PTFE多孔膜的耐水压的压力下,水有时会从PTFE多孔膜之间的界面漏出。与此相对,本实施方式的防水透气过滤器1中,为了增加厚度而仅使用厚度较厚的树脂薄膜2即可,因此,不会产生耐水压试验时的问题。另外,为了在厚度较厚的树脂薄膜2上形成贯通孔21,在离子束照射时以高加速度和高密度照射重离子即可。
此外,PTFE多孔膜通过拉伸而多孔化,因此,使用PTFE多孔膜的防水透气过滤器中,拉伸强度低。与此相对,本实施方式的防水透气过滤器1未进行拉伸,因此拉伸强度高。即,根据本实施方式的防水透气过滤器1,可以期待加工性和耐外力性的提高。
另外,采用本实施方式的构成时,在使用透气性支撑材料4的情况下,可以使用与透气性支撑材料4相同的材料的树脂薄膜2,因此,能够提高例如热层压时的相溶性,从而能够提高透气性支撑材料4与树脂薄膜2的胶粘强度。
实施例
以下,列举实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但本发明不受这些实施例的任何限制。
(实施例1)
使用通过离子束照射和蚀刻在由PET构成的无孔基片上形成有直径为0.8μm的圆形贯通孔的厚度为22μm的试样A(オキシフエン公司制造的Oxydisk)作为树脂薄膜。
依照JIS P8117在20个部位测定试样A的透气度,结果,试样A的透气度(葛尔莱数)平均为2.7秒/100mL,标准差为0.169秒/100mL。
另外,对试样A的一个表面拍摄显微镜照片,并计数一定面积内的孔数,由此,在10个部位测定试样A的贯通孔的密度,结果,贯通孔的密度为3.6×105~5.5×105个/mm2。
通过热熔敷在试样A的树脂薄膜的一个表面上层叠由PET构成的无纺布作为透气性支撑材料,然后,在树脂薄膜的另一个表面上涂布含氟类处理剂(信越化学公司制造的X-70-029C)并使其干燥,形成具有疏水性和拒油性的处理层。处理层的厚度为0.1μm。由此得到防水透气过滤器。
(实施例2)
除了使用通过离子束照射和蚀刻在由PET构成的无孔基片上形成有直径为3.0μm的贯通孔的厚度为20μm的试样B(オキシフエン公司制造的Oxydisk)作为树脂薄膜以外,与实施例1同样地操作,得到防水透气过滤器。
依照JIS P8117在20个部位测定试样B的透气度,结果,试样B的透气度(葛尔莱数)平均为1.1秒/100mL,标准差为0.035秒/100mL。
另外,对试样B的一个表面拍摄显微镜照片,并计数一定面积内的孔数,由此,在10个部位测定试样B的贯通孔的密度,结果,贯通孔的密度为7.0×103~9.5×103个/mm2。
(比较例1)
除了使用厚度为20μm、平均孔径为0.5μm的PTFE多孔膜A代替树脂薄膜以外,与实施例1同样地操作,得到防水透气过滤器。PTFE多孔膜A通过如下方法制作:首先,将在PTFE微粉末中混合有液态润滑剂的混合物挤出成形为片状,接着,对片状成形体进行压延并且使其干燥,然后,在PTFE的熔点以上的380℃下沿纵向拉伸5倍并沿横向拉伸8倍。
依照JIS P8117在20个部位测定PTFE多孔膜A的透气度,结果,PTFE多孔膜A的透气度(葛尔莱数)平均为11.9秒/100mL,标准差为3.450秒/100mL。
(比较例2)
除了使用厚度为20μm、平均孔径为0.8μm的PTFE多孔膜B代替树脂薄膜以外,与实施例1同样地操作,得到防水透气过滤器。PTFE多孔膜B通过如下方法制作:首先,将在PTFE微粉末中混合有液态润滑剂的混合物挤出成形为片状,接着,对片状成形体进行压延并且使其干燥,然后,在PTFE的熔点以下的280℃下沿纵向拉伸4.5倍并沿横向拉伸15倍。
依照JIS P8117在20个部位测定PTFE多孔膜B的透气度,结果,PTFE多孔膜B的透气度(葛尔莱数)平均为1.1秒/100mL,标准差为0.167秒/100mL。
(比较例3)
除了使用厚度为70μm、平均孔径为3.0μm的PTFE多孔膜C代替树脂薄膜以外,与实施例1同样地操作,得到防水透气过滤器。PTFE多孔膜C通过如下方法制作:首先,将在PTFE微粉末中混合有液态润滑剂的混合物挤出成形为片状,接着,对片状成形体进行压延并使其干燥,然后,在PTFE的熔点以上的380℃下沿纵向拉伸10倍并沿横向拉伸8倍。
依照JIS P8117在20个部位测定PTFE多孔膜C的透气度,结果,PTFE多孔膜C的透气度(葛尔莱数)平均为1.7秒/100mL,标准差为0.263秒/100mL。
(试验)
对于实施例和比较例的防水透气过滤器,依照JIS P8117在20个部位测定透气度,并计算出平均值和标准差。进而,用标准差除以平均值、再乘以100,将计算出的数值作为变异系数。
另外,对于实施例和比较例的防水透气过滤器,依照JIS L1092测定耐水压。其结果示于表1中。
表1
由表1可知,使用形成有贯通孔的树脂薄膜的实施例的防水透气过滤器中,变异系数小于使用PTFE多孔膜的比较例的防水透气过滤器的变异系数。另外,实施例的防水透气过滤器中,耐水压也增高。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的防水透气过滤器除了能够用于汽车电装部件、家电制品、太阳能电池以外,还能够用于例如门灯等室外灯、电车等的车灯。
Claims (8)
1.一种防水透气过滤器,用于确保透气并且防止水的渗入,其中,
具备:
作为非多孔树脂薄膜且形成有在厚度方向上贯通该树脂薄膜的多个贯通孔的树脂薄膜;和
以在与所述多个贯通孔对应的位置处具有开口的方式形成在所述树脂薄膜的厚度方向的两表面中的至少一个表面上且具有疏水性和拒油性的处理层,并且,
所述多个贯通孔具有0.01μm以上且10μm以下的预定尺寸,且以密度落入10~1×108个/mm2范围内、并且最大密度为最小密度的1.5倍以下的方式均匀分布。
2.如权利要求1所述的防水透气过滤器,其中,所述树脂薄膜的孔隙率为50%以下。
3.如权利要求1所述的防水透气过滤器,其中,所述树脂薄膜的厚度相对于所述预定尺寸的比为1以上且10000以下。
4.如权利要求1所述的防水透气过滤器,其中,所述树脂薄膜由能被碱溶液、氧化剂溶液或含有氧化剂的碱溶液分解的树脂构成。
5.如权利要求4所述的防水透气过滤器,其中,所述树脂为选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚偏二氟乙烯中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的防水透气过滤器,其还具备层叠在所述树脂薄膜上的透气性支撑材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的防水透气过滤器,其中,依照JISL1092-A(低水压法)或JIS L1092-B(高水压法)测得的耐水压为1kPa以上且1000kPa以下。
8.一种防水透气过滤器的用途,其中,使用权利要求1所述的防水透气过滤器将设置在壳体上的开口封闭,通过所述防水透气过滤器消除所述壳体的内部与外部的压力差。
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EP2583733B1 (en) | 2021-05-05 |
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US20150174517A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
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US9636616B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
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US9005334B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
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