CN102959073B - 采集装置及材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开的拭子和材料以及制造它们的方法包括随机排列的海岛型双组分纤维。
Description
本申请要求2010年4月21日提交的第61/326,466号美国临时申请的权益,其全部内容通过引用的方式并入此文。
技术领域
本公开描述了一种用于采集生物样品的拭子和用于其中的采集材料。
背景技术
用于采集有机材料的生物样品的装置(如拭子)为临床及诊断分析技术领域公知,其通常包括在采集末端或顶端含有纤维材料团(例如人造纤维或天然纤维如棉花)的圆柱棒或棍,该纤维材料团具有亲水性能从而可以快速地吸收待采集和测试数量的样品。围裹在棒或棍的末端或顶端的纤维的稳定粘合一般是通过胶粘来实现的。
通常在采集后快速或立即将含有采集材料的采集拭子浸没于培养基中,例如于试管、小瓶、培养皿或培养瓶中,以在储藏和/或运输例如运往分析实验室的过程中保存和保护所采集的样品。例如,在EP0643131和WO2004/086979中描述了现有技术的采集拭子和装置。
发明内容
本公开的装置,如拭子,和材料以及制造它们的方法包括随机排列的海岛型双组分纤维。
本公开提供一种采集和释放生物样品的拭子,其含有敷涂器和海岛型双组分纤维。
本公开的拭子含有纤维,所述纤维例如通过粘合剂附着于敷涂器的末端部分。
本公开提供一种形成本公开拭子的方法,其包括将双组分纤维粘附于敷涂器上。
本公开提供一种采集生物样品的方法,其包括将本公开的拭子与生物材料源接触,以便该拭子保留所述材料的样品。
附图说明
图1提供了PET/PET双组分纤维的端视图。
图2为实验拭子棍头的照片。
具体实施方式
本公开的装置,如拭子,和材料以及制造它们的方法,包括随机排列的海岛型双组分纤维。
本公开的材料可以用在高吸水性的医用拭子装置中。本文描述了粘附于细“棍状”的聚合物柄端部的本公开的“可撕裂”绒毛纤维材料,并且预期作为本公开的拭子。
本公开的材料可包括微米纤维或钠米纤维,例如双组分海岛材料。还可以使用分段式饼材料。双组分海岛材料和分段式饼材料是公知的并且在下列文献中有描述,例如Ndaro等的Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics,第2卷,第4期,2007,″在水刺非织造法中海岛型纤维(PA6/COPET)的分裂″;Fedorova,Nataliya的博士论文″在纺粘工艺中应用海岛型双组分纤维技术的研究″,北卡罗来纳州立大学,罗利,NC(2006);以及公开号为20100075143(纤维结构及其制造方法)、20100068516(具有优良耐用性的热塑性纤维及包含它的织物)和20100029158(海岛型复合纤维及其制造方法)的美国专利申请,和WO2002042528(用于经编的海岛型复合纤维及其制造方法)、WO2002042529(凸起经编织织物用海岛型复合纤维及其制造方法)、WO2002088438(包含纺液染色组分的海岛型共轭复丝及其制造方法),并且例如可以从Kolon Industry,Kumi City,Kyungbuk,Korea商购获得,其一般描述为ROJEL-聚酯/聚酯共轭纤维纱线(海/岛)或SPECIAL TYPE OF ROJEL-聚酯/尼龙共轭纤维纱线(海/岛);或者从Hyosung Corporation,Ulsan City,Kyungbuk,Korea获得,其一般描述为MIPAN XF-尼龙/聚酯共轭纤维纱线(饼楔横截面)。
在本文描述的材料的海岛型复合纤维中,掺入了用于海部分的易溶聚合物,并优选地含有至少一种易溶于含水碱性溶液的聚合物,例如聚乳酸、超高分子量聚氧化烯-缩合聚合物、聚乙二醇化合物-共聚聚酯、和聚乙二醇(PAG)化合物与间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠或二甲基间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠盐(DMIS)的共聚聚酯。聚酯海材料可包括碱溶性共聚聚酯材料,其中聚酯主要含有多于90摩尔%作为岛组分的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(例如,WO2002042528中的描述,其全部内容皆通过引用的方式并入本文)。
本公开的海岛型双组分复合纤维含有海部,所述海部含有比多个岛部溶解度更大的聚合物或由其组成,所述岛部含有更小可溶性的聚合物或由其组成,在纤维的横断面轮廓中,岛部的数目为每纤维约10、24、36、37、64或240个岛,或每纤维中岛的范围在每纤维10、24、36、37、64、240或3000个岛任一者之中。
本公开的双组分复合纤维的岛组分可以是聚酰胺例如尼龙,或聚酯。聚酰胺的实施包括具有酰胺键的聚合物,如尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙610以及尼龙12。聚酯没有特别地限定,只要其是由二羧酸或其成酯衍生物与二醇或其成酯衍生物合成的聚合物并且可以用作纤维。其具体实例包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸环己基二亚甲酯、聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚1,2-二(2-氯苯氧基)乙烷-4,4′-二甲酸乙二酯等。在本发明的一个实施方式中,可以使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或主要含有对苯二甲酸乙二酯单元的聚酯共聚物。
本公开的海岛型双组分复合纤维的线性质量密度在约1~7旦尼尔(denier)范围内,或者在约2~6旦尼尔范围内或2~5.8旦尼尔(或2.22~6.49分特(dtex))范围内,其中旦尼尔为每9000米纤维的质量(克),而分特为每10000米纤维的质量(克)。双组分复合纤维的直径(单位:厘米)可以由以下公式来估算,其中ρ表示材料密度,单位为:克每立方厘米:
将纤维比重估算为1(根据Gafe等的(″聚合物纳米纤维和纳米纤维网:一类新的非织造布″INTC 2002:国际非织造布技术会议(Joint INDA-TAPPI大会),亚特兰大,乔治亚,2002年9月24-26日),常规纤维聚合物的具体比重值如下:0.92(聚丙烯或PP)、1.14(聚酰胺66或尼龙或PA66)和1.38(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或PET)),本公开的具有线性质量密度为2~5.8旦尼尔的双组分复合纤维的直径大约为16.7~28.6μm。
本公开的双组分复合纤维的岛具有的质量线性密度为约0.01~约0.3旦尼尔,或约0.05~约0.2旦尼尔,或约0.06~约0.16旦尼尔,其取决于本公开的双组分复合纤维的线性质量密度。
本公开材料的海岛型双组分复合纤维的长度或切断长度为约10~约100千分之一英寸(约254~约2540μm),或约20~约90千分之一英寸,或约20~约80千分之一英寸,或约20~约70千分之一英寸,或约20~约60千分之一英寸。
本公开的拭子的材料的海岛型双组分复合纤维未分裂。本公开的拭子的材料的海岛型双组分复合纤维的海未从复合纤维的岛溶去或除去。
图1为本公开的纤维实例的扫描照片,其中描绘了双组分复合纤维的端部,并且该纤维的岛是完整的且未溶去或除去。
本公开的材料的双组分复合纤维优选地为随机地排列。
本公开的拭子上纤维的数目可以用设置在180X功率具有1mm的校验标度(NIST)的光学显微镜(Amscope)连同摄像机(Amscope 3.0百万像素)和适合的视频分析软件来评价,例如,校准至180X的Version 3.0.12.498 Amscope视频软件。
包括本公开材料的本公开的拭子可以是适用于直接从宿主或从已经采集的生物液体或样品中采集及非强制选择地保留生物样品的任何形状。此类装置的形状及尺寸在本领域中是公知的。本公开的拭子是由本领域中公知的材料构造的,例如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)。这样,本公开的拭子在本领域公知的植绒技术中便于用粘合剂将本公开的材料附着于所述拭子的敷涂器上。
本公开的拭子的敷涂器可以是棒或棒状的热塑性基材,其中一端部分地、大幅地或全部地被粘合剂包覆,以便以普遍地垂直于基材并普遍地平行于相邻纤维的初始排列将本公开的纤维锚定或固定在基材上,从而在基材上制造出纤维刷(bristle)或刷状(bristly)端部。
在一个制备本公开的装置的方法中,使用至少一种粘合剂施用器容器、部件、头、喷嘴或滚轴通过例如喷涂、浸涂、滚涂、印刷或其组合,以非强制选择地计量方式,在压力或重力下并且以可包括或不包括线性和/或粘合剂施用器相对于敷涂器旋转(例如轴向旋转或自转)的任何组合的方式,将粘合剂施用于单个、分散的或连接的基材上,例如敷涂器柄、棍或棒上。
在本公开的植绒技术中,以本领域公知的方式给纤维施加交变电场或直流电场,以将带电荷的纤维条理化并将其迁移到带相反电荷的被粘合剂包覆的基材上,以便用粘合剂的粘合或胶粘强度将纤维固定定位,以便只在施用了粘合剂的区域内产生镶有绒毛纤维的敷涂器或本公开的拭子。该技术可包括在任何时间或整个将纤维施加至粘合剂上的过程中将基材线性地和/或旋转地(例如轴向旋转或自转)移动。其中需要通过例如光或热来进一步将粘合剂固化,可以用光和/或热处理镶有绒毛纤维的敷涂器拭子以固化粘合剂。
本公开的拭子可含有每基材大约104~大约1010,或大约104~大约109,或大约104~大约108,或大约104~大约107,或大约104~大约106,或大约104~大约105条绒毛纤维。
本公开的粘合剂没有特别地限定,并通常可使用光或热固化的丙烯酸基、聚氨酯基、聚酰胺基、聚酯基、乙烯基和/或两部分环氧粘合剂。可以使用硅酮、氰基丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯和/或乳胶粘合剂。通常公知聚氨酯粘合剂并有市售,例如K&W粘合剂产品。
本公开的拭子适用于或设计用于例如从哺乳动物,例如人类或病人的口腔、鼻、眼、直肠、尿道或阴道口采集生物样品。
所述拭子可用于或设计用于采集生物样品,在样品采集过程中不给病人造成损伤或基本不适的条件下,通过与所述装置的纤维的接触以便该装置能采集例如约35~约200μl,例如40、50、60、70、80、90、100、120、130、140、150、160、170、180或190μl生物样品。
本公开的拭子在采集生物样品及在该采集生物样品的方法中很有用。本公开的拭子是这样一种类型,其含有末端被包覆于此文所述纤维中的棒,所述纤维能够吸收所述的样品,其中该纤维以通过植绒施加的层的形式包覆或基本上包覆该端部。
本公开进一步提供一种采集生物样品的方法,其包括将此文所述的拭子与生物材料源接触,以便该材料的样品保留在该拭子上。
本公开的拭子可以提供例如作为采集、运输、培养和/或运输套件或装置的组件,其中运输套件或装置中包括附加的样品处理容器和/或装置,并且本公开的拭子特别地适用于与此类其它的容器和/或装置结合使用以确保例如样品的保留、完整性和/或无菌。
本公开提供用于采集或释放生物样品的拭子,该拭子含有海岛型双组分纤维。该拭子可进一步含有双组分纤维,该双组分纤维含有第一聚酯海材料和第二聚酯岛材料;该第一聚酯的熔点可低于该第二聚酯和/或该第一聚酯在碱性溶液中的溶解度比该第二聚酯大。所述碱性溶液更具体地可为氢氧化钠溶液,该氢氧化钠溶液可在水中含有约5%~约50%重量的氢氧化钠,或在水中含约10%重量的氢氧化钠。其中第一聚酯海材料比第二聚酯海材料更易溶解的碱性溶液可以是加热的碱性溶液,该加热的碱性溶液可具有约170℉~约190℉的温度,例如约180℉。
本公开提供一种拭子,其中本文描述的材料被附着于敷涂器棍或棒的端部。该材料可以用粘合剂粘附于敷涂器的端部,并且该粘合剂可以是可光致固化的丙烯酸系粘合剂或聚氨酯粘合剂。
本公开的双组分纤维可以是由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯海材料与聚酰胺岛材料组成的。
本公开的双组分纤维可以每纤维包含10~3000个岛部、10~240个岛部、10~64个岛部、10~37个岛部、10~36个岛部、10~24个岛部和/或24~36个岛部,或由其组成。
本公开提供本文所述拭子的纤维状材料。除了拭子以外,还可以将该纤维状材料单独地掺入作为其它装置的一部分,例如过滤器或清洁垫或清洁刷。
本公开提供一种形成本公开的拭子的方法,包括将所述双组分纤维粘附于敷涂器例如棒或棍上,其中所述纤维的海组分未去除。
以下实施例进一步说明了本公开的材料和方法,但并不限于此。
实施例1-拭子
用Puritan Medical Products(Guilford,ME)的ABS塑料“棍”与0.5mm(0.020″,标称长度,用Flock-ln-Spect绒毛纤维长度光学测量仪器测得)长的尼龙/PET海/岛型绒毛纤维制备了一定数量(约30)的实验医用拭子。在这些实验制造中使用了两种粘合剂体系;聚氨酯橡胶(K&W聚氨酯粘合剂-MECFLOCK L876/1、MEDCODUR H5530两部分聚氨酯粘合剂,混合85克L876/1树脂和15克H5530硬化剂-Kissel and Wolf的产品;在110℃下固化3小时或在80℃下固化16小时)和购自Puritan Medical ProductsUV光可固化粘合剂。
在制造中使用了以下材料和仪器:ABS(塑料)拭子棍(Puritan提供);MaagFlockmaschinen Motion(植绒活性)Tester SPG 1000;K&W粘合剂,置于浅的铝盘中(粘合剂深度约1cm);光可固化粘合剂,置于遮光盒中;绒毛网筛;和尼龙/PET 0.5mm长的绒毛纤维供应装置。
按以下方式制造实验拭子。用约2g散的绒毛覆盖(通过筛分)绒毛活性测试器(flockactivity tester)的4″直径铝底盘。将该散的绒毛样品安置于绒毛活性测试器的底部电极基架上。将拭子棍垂直地浸于液体K&W粘合剂中约1cm的深度并缓慢地取出以获得末端包覆的拭子棍。有些拭子样品使用光可固化粘合剂制备。可以使用水基丙烯酸(F1059B Lubrizol Corp.)绒毛粘合剂或其它水基粘合剂。给绒毛活性测试器(垂直植绒机器(upflocking machine))的DC电极施加3.5KV/cm的强度。这使得绒毛纤维自身校直并活跃地向顶部电极移动。随着该绒毛由底部电极向顶部推进,将粘合剂包覆端部的塑料拭子棍置于该“绒毛纤维云”中离底部电极(活化绒毛纤维源)约1cm处。在处于“绒毛纤维云”中的同时通过旋转持于手指中的棍子缓慢地旋转拭子棍。
在绒毛区中浸没时间约2~5秒后,在拭子棍的(湿粘合剂)端完全饱和地粘满了绒毛纤维。然后将拭子粘合剂固化。
通过以下结果按重量计来确定施用于ABS基(棍)上的粘合剂平均用量和绒毛平均用量:“空”ABS棍的平均重量:0.5644+/-0.00426克;植绒前“棍”上K&W粘合剂的平均重量:0.0046克;且“棍”上PET/尼龙绒毛的平均重量:0.0135克。在每个“棍”上具有平均为0.0135克的海/岛型绒毛纤维,其意味着每个“棍”有约1.2×105条绒毛纤维。
该植绒的医用拭子的“取”水性能是通过以下步骤测定的:首先对一定数量的拭子和“棍”材料进行称重(干),然后将此同一系列的经植绒的拭子和“棍”浸没于室温(23℃)下的水中(只是端部)5秒种,然后再称重。
然后将各拭子构型的取水百分比进行对比。结果显示“空”ABS拭子棍取得或捕获了极少或未捕获水。聚氨酯粘合剂包覆(只是端部)的拭子取得或捕获了少量水,表明粘合剂的表面比“空”ABS更具可湿性。经植绒的纤维拭子取得或捕获了可测量的量的水(8.95%)。
评价了若干(海/岛纤维)类型的纤维材料。尼龙/PET(Kolon)和PET/PET(Kolon-Rojel)纤维在本公开的纤维植绒的医用拭子应用中显得很有用。并且初步研究了0.5mm长的尼龙/PET绒毛纤维,可以使用各种尺寸的纤维并且对其进行了预期。
已经研究了下述两种绒毛粘合剂:双组分聚氨酯(透明橡胶)体系和光可固化(透明膜塑料)体系。其它粘合剂预期也可使用。
本文引用或描述的所有文献及出版物皆通过引用的方式整体地并入本文。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于采集和释放生物样品的拭子,包含端部带有纤维的敷涂器,其中所述纤维包含海岛型双组分复合纤维,其特征在于,所述海岛型双组分复合纤维为绒毛纤维,由此所述敷涂器为端部带有绒毛纤维的敷涂器,且在其中复合纤维的海组分不从复合纤维的岛组分中移除,其中所述纤维是用粘合剂粘附于敷涂器的端部。
2.如权利要求l所述的拭子,其中所述双组分纤维包含第一聚酯海材料和第二聚酯岛材料。
3.如权利要求2所述的拭子,其中所述第一聚酯的熔点比所述第二聚酯的低,和/或所述第一聚酯在碱性溶液中的溶解度大于所述第二聚酯。
4.如权利要求3所述的拭子,其中所述第一聚酯在氢氧化钠的碱性溶液中的溶解度比所述第二聚酯的大。
5.如权利要求4所述的拭子,其中该第一聚酯在水中含有5%~50%重量氢氧化钠的氢氧化钠碱性溶液中的溶解度比该第二聚酯的大。
6.如权利要求5所述的拭子,其中该第一聚酯在水中含有10%重量氢氧化钠的碱性溶液中的溶解度比该第二聚酯的大。
7.如权利要求3所述的拭子,其中该第一聚酯在加热的碱性溶液中的溶解度比该第二聚酯的大。
8.如权利要求7所述的拭子,其中该第一聚酯在加热至77oC~88oC温度的碱性溶液中的溶解度比该第二聚酯的大。
9.如权利要求1所述的拭子,其中所述粘合剂是从由可光致固化的丙烯酸粘合剂和聚氨酯粘合剂组成的群组中选出的。
10.如权利要求1所述的拭子,其中所述的双组分复合纤维包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯海材料和聚酰胺岛材料。
11.如权利要求1所述的拭子,其中所述双组分纤维在每纤维中包含10~3000个岛部、10~240个岛部、10~64个岛部、10~37个岛部、10~36个岛部、10~24个岛部或者24~36个岛部。
12.一种形成权利要求9的拭子的方法,包含将所述双组分纤维粘附于所述敷涂器上。
13.一种采集生物样品的方法,包含将权利要求1-11中任一项所述的拭子与生物材料源接触,以便该材料的样品保留在该拭子上。
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