CN102929453A - 声学触敏测试 - Google Patents
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Abstract
描述了声学触敏测试技术。在一个或多个实现中,通过以下方式来测试触敏设备的触敏表面,即:使用声传感器来检测与触敏表面进行的接触并比较从声传感器接收的描述接触的数据与从触敏设备接收的描述接触的数据。
Description
背景技术
计算设备所利用的显示和输入技术正不断演进。例如,最初的计算设备配备有监视器。用户通过观看单色监视器上的简单文本和经由键盘输入随后可在监视器上观看的文本而与计算设备交互。接着随后开发了其它技术,诸如图形用户界面和光标控制设备。
显示和输入技术持续地演进,诸如通过使用计算设备的触摸屏显示器来感知触摸而识别手势。用户例如可以通过使用用户的手来输入被触摸屏显示器或其它触敏设备检测的手势,而与图形用户界面交互。然而,被利用来测试触摸屏显示器和其它触敏设备的传统技术常常是不准确的,所以它们典型地不适于测试如适合于设备的预计用途的触摸屏显示器。
发明内容
描述了声学触敏测试技术。在一个或多个实现中,通过使用声传感器来检测与触敏表面进行的接触并比较从声传感器接收的描述接触的数据与从触敏设备接收的描述接触的数据而测试触敏设备的触敏表面。
在一个或多个实现中,设备包括:声传感器,其被配置成接近触敏表面放置;和至少部分地以硬件实施的一个或多个模块,以使用从声传感器接收的信号和从触敏表面接收的信号来测试触敏表面。
在一个或多个实现中,系统包括一个或多个模块,其至少部分地以硬件实施,且被配置成使用从声传感器接收的信号—该声传感器被接近触摸屏设备的触摸屏布置以检测与触摸屏进行的接触,和从触摸屏设备接收的描述接触的数据,而测试触摸屏设备的触摸屏的等待时间(latency)。
本概要被提供来以简化的形式介绍概念的选择,这些概念在下面的详细说明中被进一步描述。本概要既不打算确认所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也不打算被用作为确定所要求保护的主题的范围时的帮助。
附图说明
详细说明是参照附图描述的。在图上,参考标号的最左面数字标识其中该参考标号第一次出现的图。在本说明和附图中的不同实例中的相同参考标号的使用可以指示类似的或相同的项目。
图1是在可操作来利用这里描述的声学测试技术的示例性实现中的环境的图示。
图2是更详细地显示图1的测试设备的、在示例性实现中的系统的图示。
图3描绘显示电阻器上的电压降的曲线图,该电压降被用作为关于何时出现接触的参考。
图4描绘显示由产生声波的物理过程引起的等待时间的曲线图,该等待时间被定义为在来自声波的信号跨越预定义门限的时刻与出现电压降的时刻之间的差值。
图5描绘显示使用示波器进行的示例性测量的曲线图。
图6描绘在示例性实现中的系统,其显示用于经由软件后处理检测触摸事件时间的测量装备。
图7是描绘在其中描述声学测试技术的示例性实现中的过程的流程图。
图8图示示例性设备的各种部件,该示例性设备可被实施为如参照图1、2和6描述以实施这里所描述技术的实施例的、任何类型的计算设备。
具体实施方式
概述
被利用来测试触摸屏和其它触敏设备的常规技术常常难以复现。因此,来自这些常规技术的测试结果可能是不准确的和难以解译的,因而对于它们的预计用途而言常常失败。
这里描述了声学触敏测试技术。在一个或多个实现中,描述了其中声学技术被利用来测试诸如触摸屏那样的触敏设备的技术。例如,声传感器可被使用来检测“何时”与触摸屏设备的触摸屏进行接触。使用声传感器被检测到的输入然后可以与由触摸屏设备生成的输入进行比较,以便测试触摸屏设备的功能性,诸如确定等待时间。对于这些和其它测试技术的进一步讨论可以相对于以下的段落而得到。
在以下的讨论中,首先描述可以利用在这里相对于触摸屏设备描述的测试技术的示例性环境。然而,应当容易明白的是,也预料有各种各样的触敏设备,诸如跟踪板和其它传感设备。然后描述可以在示例性环境以及其它环境下被执行的示例性过程。因此,示例性过程的执行不局限于示例性环境,以及示例性环境也不局限于示例性过程的执行。
示例性环境
图1描绘示例性实现中的环境100,其包括适用于测试触摸屏设备104的测试设备102。触摸屏设备104可以以各种各样的方式被配置。例如,触摸屏设备104可以被配置为诸如移动电话那样的移动通信设备、便携式游戏播放设备、平板计算机的一部分,被配置为传统计算设备的一部分(例如,作为膝上型或个人计算机的一部分的显示设备)等等。
另外,触摸屏设备104的触摸屏106可以以各种各样的方式被配置。例如,触摸屏设备104的触摸屏106可包括传感器,其被配置来检测与触摸屏106的接近度(例如接触)。触摸传感器110典型地被使用来报告与触摸屏106的实际接触,诸如何时被用户的手108的手指触摸。
这样的触摸传感器110的例子包括电容性触摸传感器。例如,在投射式电容(projected capacitance)中,可以使用接近光学透明的导体(例如,氧化铟锡)而跨触摸屏形成X-Y网格,以检测在触摸屏106上不同X-Y位置处的接触。也预料有其它的电容技术,诸如表面电容、互电容、自身电容等等。而且,在其它实例中也预料有其它的触摸传感器110,诸如红外、光学成像、色散信号技术、声脉冲识别等等。
不管所使用的触摸传感器110的类型如何,由触摸传感器110检测到的输入然后可以被触摸模块112处理,以便检测可被使用于各种各样用途的输入的特性。例如,触摸模块112可以辨别触摸输入指示特定对象的选择,可以把一个或多个输入辨别为能用来发起触摸屏设备104的操作(例如,扩充用户界面)的手势,等等。然而,这个处理可能依赖于输入的准确性,因此,被利用来测试触摸屏106的常规技术会导致不精密的触摸屏进入市场,这会阻碍用户与设备的交互。
在这里描述的一个或多个实现中,触摸屏106检测(例如由用户的手108的手指进行的)接触的能力是通过测试设备102进行测试的。例如,测试设备102可包括测试模块114和声传感器116。声传感器116可被利用来以各种各样的方式测试触摸屏设备104。例如,测试模块114可以借力于(leverage)声传感器116来测量触摸屏设备104的响应等待时间,诸如触摸模块112检测由用户的手108的一个或多个手指(或其它物体)与触摸屏106的接触的能力。这可以以各种各样的方式被执行,它们的例子可以相对于图2而得到。
一般而言,这里描述的任何的功能可以通过使用软件、固件、硬件(例如,固定的逻辑电路)、或这些实现的组合而被实施。当在这里使用时,术语“模块”、“功能性”和“逻辑”通常代表软件、固件、硬件或它们的组合。在软件实现的情形下,模块、功能性或逻辑代表程序代码,该程序代码当在处理器(例如,CPU或CPU们)上被执行时完成规定的任务。程序代码可被存储在一个或多个计算机可读的存储器设备中。下面描述的技术的特征是与平台无关的,这意味着所述技术可以在具有各种各样处理器的各种各样商品化的计算平台上被实施。
例如,测试设备102和/或触摸屏设备104可以通过使用计算设备被实施。计算设备还可以包括实体(例如,软件),其使得计算设备的硬件执行操作,例如,处理器、功能块、“芯片上的系统”等等。例如,计算设备可包括可被配置成保存指令的计算机可读介质,所述指令使得计算设备--更具体地是计算设备的硬件--执行操作。因此,所述指令起作用来配置硬件去执行操作,并以这种方式导致硬件的变化以执行功能。指令可以由计算机可读介质通过各种各样的不同配置来提供给计算设备。
计算机可读介质的一个这样的配置是信号承载介质,且因此被配置成把指令(例如,作为载波)比如经由网络传送到计算设备的硬件。计算机可读介质也可以被配置成计算机可读存储介质,且因此不是信号承载介质。计算机可读存储介质的例子包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、光盘、快闪存储器、硬盘存储器、和可以使用磁、光和其它技术来存储指令和其它数据的其它存储器设备。
图2是在示例性实现中的系统200的图示,其更详细地显示图1的测试设备102。在本例中,测试设备102被配置成借力于声波检测来评估诸如触摸屏设备104的触摸屏106那样的触敏设备的等待时间。测试模块114例如可被配置成检测当与表面—例如本例中的触摸屏106--进行接触202时产生的声波,这可被使用来定义出现物理触摸的时刻。
由触摸屏设备104对一个或多个接触进行的处理可牵涉到以下内容。首先,由触摸屏设备104的一个或多个触摸传感器110检测导致电信号的物理接触202。所述电信号然后被触摸模块112处理,以确定信号所描述的“东西”,例如,接触202的特性,比如在何处出现接触。这个处理然后可以被报告给测试模块114作为系统触摸事件时间204(Ts)204,用于测试用途。因此,接触202的检测和处理可能花费时间来完成,所以这可被认为是在检测接触202时触摸屏设备104的等待时间。
为了测试等待时间,测试模块114可以利用被安置在触敏表面(例如触摸屏106)处或其附近的一个或多个声传感器116(例如,压电换能器)。来自声传感器116的信号然后可以被放大器206放大,以及被触摸检测模块208处理,以确定声学触摸事件时间(Ta)210。这个处理例如可包括从由声传感器116检测到的背景噪声中识别实际的信号。等待时间评估模块212然后可以确定与触摸事件相关联的时间,例如,接触的时刻。这可以通过检测在系统触摸事件时间204与声学触摸事件时间210之间的时间量的差值而被确定。
正如应当容易明白的,测试设备102的操作还可能牵涉到等待时间。这可包括在触摸的物体与触敏表面交互作用期间出现的、产生声波的物理过程的持续时间和等待时间、声波在该表面上的传播速度、触摸点与声传感器之间的距离、在电子声检波器中产生电信号的等待时间、以及被使用来存储等待时间评估模块212的结果的电子登记系统的等待时间。然而,这个等待时间通常低于1毫秒。
例如,在如玻璃或木材那样的硬表面的情形下,由于接触202而在触摸表面上的声音振动的产生,通常在30与100 μs之间,并且其取决于接触的速度。因为在固体表面上的声音速度是在大于每秒1000米的量级,所以当声传感器116被安置在离接触点202几厘米内时,声振动到达传感器所花费的时间可以是在几百微秒内。因此,如果使用压电换能器作为声检波器,则用来从声振动产生电信号的时间可以低于1微秒。由触摸检测模块208从背景噪声中识别产生声信号的接触202所消耗的时间量可以取决于噪声的水平、触摸事件信号的频率和幅度等等。
在实现的例子中,系统200可被如下地配置。为了产生接触202,可以把薄的导电板安置在要被测试的触敏表面的表面上,以充当接触202。导电板和人体被连接到电路,以使得当手指触摸该板时,电流就流过手指和板。该电流被放大且电阻器上的电压降被测量,以便检测接触202的时刻和动态特性。虽然描述了用户的使用,但这个处理过程也可以通过使用非人类运动(non-human motion)而被自动化。
声传感器116被靠近导电板安置。来自声传感器116的信号如前所述的由测试模块114放大并进行记录。在电阻器上的电压降然后被用作为何时出现实际的触摸接触的参考,其例子显示于图3的曲线图300中。
由产生声波的物理过程所引起的等待时间被定义为在如图4的曲线图400所示的来自声波的信号跨越预定义门限的时刻与出现电压降的时刻之间的差值。所述门限例如可以被定义成大于现存的背景噪声的最大幅度。
可以通过使用示波器进行的示例性测量被显示于图5的示例性曲线图500中。由于触发可以在声信号的第一或第二相位期间出现,所以可以使信号经过整流器,来把原始信号转换成单个极性(single polarity),以使得等待时间评估时的误差最小化。与预定义门限的比较可以通过使用硬件和/或经由软件后处理而实时地进行。与门限的电子比较可以通过使用模拟比较器或在对信号进行数字化之后使用数字比较器并把它与门限值进行数字比较而完成。
图6描绘在示例性实现中的系统600,其显示用于经由软件后处理检测触摸事件时间的测量装备。在本例中,经受测试的系统602(例如,触摸屏设备104)由测试设备102根据记录的信号进行测试。
测试模块114例如可包括记录器604,用来连续记录来自声传感器116的信号。记录可被设置为持续至少大于经受测试的系统602的期望的或已知的等待时间的一段持续时间。
在从经受测试的系统602接收到系统触摸事件606后,等待时间评估模块212可以发送停止记录608信号到记录器604。响应于该信号,记录器604可以停止记录,并把所记录的信号610发回到等待时间评估模块212。等待时间评估模块212然后可以处理数据和识别所记录的声信号越过如曲线图所示的门限值的第一时刻。声学触敏测试的进一步讨论可以相对于以下的过程而得到。
虽然以上描述了单个声传感器116,但也可以利用多个声传感器。例如,多个声传感器116可被使用来执行三边测量以便估计接触的位置,并因此使得能估计声波到达声传感器116所消耗的时间量。这可被使用来提供对于等待时间的更好的估计,因此改进了处理过程。也预料有各种各样的其它例子,诸如利用来自两个声传感器116的反馈(例如求平均)以用于处理。
示例性过程
以下的讨论描述了可以通过利用先前描述的系统和设备而被实施的触摸屏测试技术。每个过程的诸方面可以以硬件、固件、或软件或它们的组合被实施。过程被显示为一组方框,其规定由一个或多个设备执行的操作且不是必然地局限于所显示的用于由各个方框执行操作的次序。在以下讨论的部分中,将参考图1的环境100,图2和图6的系统200、600,和图3-5的曲线图300-500。
图7是描绘在其中触敏表面通过使用声学技术而被测试的示例性实现中的过程900的流程图。通过使用声传感器检测与触敏表面进行的接触(方框704)而测试触敏设备的触敏表面(方框702)。正如先前描述的,触敏表面可以以诸如触摸屏设备、跟踪板等等那样的各种各样的方式被配置。因此,触敏表面可以利用诸如电容性、成像(例如IR、照相机等等)等等那样的各种各样的技术来检测接触。
比较从声传感器接收的、描述接触的数据与从触敏设备接收的、描述接触的数据(方框706)。测试模块114可以利用各种各样的不同技术来测试触敏表面。如图2和图6所示,例如,等待时间评估模块212可被利用来检测在触摸屏设备104辨别接触的能力方面的等待时间。也预料有各种各样的其它例子。
示例性设备
图8图示示例性设备800的各种部件,其可以被实施为如参照图1、2和6描述的、用来实施这里描述的技术的实施例的任何类型的计算设备。设备800包括通信设备802,其使能设备数据804(例如,所接收的数据、正在接收的数据、被调度用于广播的数据、数据的数据分组等等)的有线和/或无线通信。设备数据804或其它设备内容可包括设备的配置设置、被存储在设备上的媒体内容和/或与设备的用户相关联的信息。被存储在设备800上的媒体内容可包括任何类型的音频、视频和/或图像数据。设备800包括一个或多个数据输入806,经由所述数据输入可以接收任何类型的数据、媒体内容和/或输入,诸如用户可选择的输入、消息、音乐、电视媒体内容、被记录的视频内容、以及从任何内容和/或数据源接收的任何其它类型的音频、视频和/或图像数据。
设备800还包括通信接口808,其可被实施为以下的任何一个或多个:串行和/或并行接口、无线接口、任何类型的网络接口、调制解调器,以及被实施为任何其它类型的通信接口。通信接口808提供在设备800与通信网络之间的连接和/或通信链路,其它电子设备、计算设备和通信设备通过其与设备800进行数据通信。
设备800包括一个或多个处理器810(例如,微处理器、控制器等等的任何项),所述处理器处理各种计算机可执行的指令,以便控制设备800的操作和实施这里描述的技术的实施例。替换地或另外地,设备800可以用硬件、固件或结合总地被标为812的处理与控制电路来实施的固定的逻辑电路的任一项或组合来实施。虽然未示出,但设备800可包括系统总线或数据传送系统,其耦合设备内的各种部件。系统总线可包括不同的总线结构的任一项或组合,比如存储器总线或存储器控制器、外设总线、通用串行总线、和/或利用各种各样总线体系结构的任何项的处理器或本地总线。
设备800还包括计算机可读媒体814,诸如一个或多个存储器部件,其例子包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、非易失性存储器(例如,只读存储器(ROM)、快闪存储器、EPROM、EEPROM等等的任一项或多项)、以及盘存储设备。盘存储设备可被实施为任何类型的磁或光存储设备,诸如硬盘驱动机、可记录的和/或可再写的紧凑盘(CD)、任何类型的数字多功能盘(DVD)等等。设备800还可包括大型存储媒体设备816。
计算机可读媒体814提供数据存储机制,用来存储设备数据804以及各种设备应用818和与设备800的运行方面相关的任何其它类型的信息和/或数据。例如,操作系统820可以通过计算机可读媒体814被保存为计算机应用,并在处理器810上被执行。设备应用818可包括设备管理器(例如,控制应用、软件应用、信号处理与控制模块、对于特定设备而言的本机(native)的代码、用于特定设备的硬件抽象层等等)。设备应用818还包括用来实施这里描述的技术的实施例的任何系统部件或模块。在本例中,设备应用818包括被显示为软件模块和/或计算机应用的接口应用822和输入/输出模块824(它可以与输入/输出模块84相同或不同)。输入/输出模块824代表被使用来提供与被配置成捕获输入的设备--诸如触摸屏、跟踪板、照相机、话筒等等--的接口的软件。替换地或另外地,接口应用822和输入/输出模块824可被实施为硬件、软件、固件或它们的任意组合。另外,输入/输出模块824可被配置成支持多个输入设备,诸如用来分别捕获视觉和音频输入的分开的设备。
设备800还包括音频和/或视频输入-输出系统826,它提供音频数据到音频系统828和/或提供视频数据到显示系统830。音频系统828和/或显示系统830可包括处理、显示和/或以别的方式再现音频、视频和图像数据的任何设备。视频信号和音频信号可以从设备800经由RF(射频)链路、S-video链路、复合视频链路、分量视频链路、DVI(数字视频接口)、模拟音频连接或其它类似的通信链路被传送到音频设备和/或到显示设备。在实施例中,音频系统828和/或显示系统830被实施为设备800的外部部件。替换地,音频系统828和/或显示系统830被实施为示例性设备800的集成部件。
结论
虽然本发明是以特定于结构特征和/或方法动作的语言被描述的,但应当理解,在所附权利要求中限定的发明不是必然地局限于所描述的特定特征或动作。而是,特定的特征和动作是作为实施所要求保护的本发明的示例性形式而公开的。
Claims (10)
1. 一种由一个或多个设备实施的方法,该方法包括:
通过以下方式测试触敏设备的触敏表面(702):
使用声传感器检测与触敏表面进行的接触(704);以及
比较从声传感器接收的描述接触的数据与从触敏设备接收的描述接触的数据(706)。
2. 如在权利要求1中描述的方法,其中所述测试被配置成:确定由触敏设备检测接触的等待时间。
3. 如在权利要求1中描述的方法,其中所述检测是使用声传感器通过检测来自声传感器的信号何时越过定义的门限而被执行的。
4. 如在权利要求3中描述的方法,其中所述门限被定义成对应于与背景噪声相关联的近似最大幅度。
5. 如在权利要求1中描述的方法,其中所述检测包括把从声传感器接收的信号转换成单个极性。
6. 如在权利要求5中描述的方法,其中所述转换是通过使信号经过整流器而被执行的。
7. 如在权利要求1中描述的方法,其中所述检测包括使用记录器,该记录器被配置成记录来自声传感器的信号,以及所述比较包括使用软件后处理。
8. 如在权利要求1中描述的方法,其中所述触敏表面是触摸屏。
9. 如在权利要求1中描述的方法,其中所述声传感器是压电换能器。
10. 一种设备,包括:
声传感器,被配置成接近触敏表面放置;和
一个或多个模块,其至少部分地以硬件实施,以使用从声传感器接收的信号和从触敏表面接收的信号来测试触敏表面。
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