CN102870537A - Oilseed rape transplanting method and special transplanting machine - Google Patents
Oilseed rape transplanting method and special transplanting machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oilseed rape transplanting method, which belongs to the field of agricultural technologies. The method comprises the following steps: after a non-woven fabric is laid at the bottom of a normalized seedling raising tray matched with a transplanting machine, spreading soil and watering, sowing a scheduled number of rape seeds, covering the seeds by using soil, and carrying out watering and fertilizing on the seeds, so that after seedlings grow to 4-5 leaf periods, normalized blanket seedlings with a root system mutually interlaced with the non-woven fabric are formed; screening seedling raising soil by using a mesh screen with a mesh side-length of 4 mm; carrying out ditching so as to form rectangular pieces of land in a field according to the integer-multiple width of the operated row number of the transplanting machine, and carrying out irrigation so as to wet the field through the rectangular pieces, wherein the tillage depth is greater than 15 cm; and taking and placing the normalized blanket seedlings into a seedling box of the transplanting machine, and driving the transplanting machine to the field to carry out a transplanting operation. According to the invention, an effect of automatic seedling supply and high-speed transplanting can be achieved, the auxiliary labor is less, the transplanting efficiency is high, and under the same conditions, the operating efficiency is 5-8 times as large as that of the existing chain-clamp type rape oilseed transplanting machine, therefore, the operation cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rape method for planting---method for transplanting, also relate to simultaneously the special-purpose transplanter of realizing the method, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
More than 9,000 ten thousand mu of China's rapeseed cultivation areas wherein 70% adopt the mode of seedling raising and transplanting to plant.Paddy rice and the rape alternately crop rotation of plantation are main cropping systems.Yield two crops a year even how ripe requirement in farming season in order to satisfy, shorten rape at this Tanaka growth cycle as far as possible, for a long time, rape adopts always: the seedling field artificial seeding grow seedlings---manually lifting seedlings after the seedling---artificial transplanting rape seedling is commonly called as artificial root-naked transplanting to the transplanting planting patterns in land for growing field crops.This rapeseed cultivation mode use artificial many, labour intensity is large, production efficiency is low, along with the agricultural workforce is day by day in short supply, the recruitment cost constantly rises, above-mentioned traditional planting patterns has badly influenced the enthusiasm of peasant planting rape, makes rapeseed cultivation year after year downward trend occur.
The applicant's the patent No. is that 200720035047.7 Chinese utility model patent discloses a kind of clipping rape machine for transplanting bare saplings, this machine can only be used for realizing the transplanting of naked seedling, the dish seedling that is about to cultivate in the seedling field neatly is placed into after the seedling field pulls up, puts in order the seedling case on the rape machine for transplanting bare saplings, facility are articulated on the four-wheel tractor, join 2-4 cover clipping transplanting parts (transplanting simultaneously 2-4 row), need to there be 1 special messenger from the seedling case, to get seedling corresponding to every row, feeds to planting mechanism.Because the speed of manual sorting, hello seedling is low, machine transplanting speed is restricted, and seedling is easily hindered by the rhizome section of its workpiece clamp clamping Brassica campestris L seedling in addition.Facts have proved that these facility are used for the transplanting of rape, need to manually lift seedlings, transport seedling (the dish seedling is transported on the machine from the seedling field), feed seedling and drive machine that auxiliary recruitment is many, operating efficiency is low, easily hinders seedling, fails to obtain spread.
Retrieval is found, application number is that 201110129961.9 Chinese invention patent application discloses a kind of Full-automatic picking and feeds the seedling in earthen bowl transplanter, this machine is used for the transplanting of cave dish potted sprout, whole dish seedling is placed on the facility during transplanting, one people flies, can realize getting seedling and transplant and all automatically finished by facility, use special-purpose seedling in earthen bowl seedling-cultivating tray grow seedlings (a kind of plastic uptake floppy disk that is battle array, column distribution pot for growing seedlings body that is shaped with, it is the seedling-cultivating tray in 128 caves that rape is grown seedlings normally used).This seedling growing process is mainly used in vegetables, flowers, forest seedling growth, need to be connected without native indoor raising of seedling, the materials such as seedling medium peat, little molehill stone, its advantage is that seedling raising environment is controlled, can cultivate anosis, insect pest strong sprout, but the culture facility cost is high, only has the high crop of large-scale production and added value that certain use value is just arranged.Use it for the rape production that needs soil to grow seedlings and grow seedlings obviously inapplicablely, and production efficiency is lower, and seedling dish requirement is large, and cost is high.
Can be found out by above-mentioned prior art, rape is transplanted and has been subject to common concern, although yet existing two kinds of facility can both be realized rape semi-mechanization or mechanization transplanting, but what the former adopted is the clipping planting mechanism of chain, need with the artificial seedling of feeding, exist operating efficiency low and use artificial manyly and easily hinder the shortcoming of seedling, what the latter used is rape cave dish seedling, seedling cost is high, and implement structure is complicated, cost is high, operating efficiency is low.Therefore all be difficult to apply.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: for the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, propose the rape transplanting method that a kind of production efficiency is high, the plantation quality is guaranteed and operating cost is low, provide simultaneously the special-purpose transplanter of realizing that the method adopts.Thereby make it can obtain practical applying.
In order to achieve the above object, applicant's thinking that breaks traditions, courageously imagination attempts using for reference the paddy rice transplantation technique.Because at present the rice transplanting technology is very ripe, and is popularized, its conventional steps is: seeding and seedling raising in 280 * 580 rectangle seedling-cultivating trays, have special-purpose seeding and growing seedling production line, and can in field and greenhouse, booth, cultivate rice shoot.The rice seedling that this paddy seedling culture method is cultivated, its root system and soil tangle and are integral, become can carry, roll up, folded and loose seedling sheet, i.e. so-called blanket shape seedling, the rice shoot of this form are convenient to transplanter (or claiming rice transplanter) stripping and slicing and are planted.
At present, all adopt blanket shape seedling to divide at the rice seedling transplanter of usefulness and plant the transplanting principle, the facility form has riding type and legged (see " the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " China Agricultural Machinery Science Research Academy for details and compile, Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, November in 2007 the 1st edition).Mainly be power chassis and plant parts two parts, plant parts in the base by the transplanting mechanism (P464) of realizing the stripping and slicing of blanket shape seedling is planted, with for the work of planting is carried out continuously, and can keep the good uniformity, and the seedling case of the storage rice shoot that is equipped with, and the seedlings sending mechanism that matches with transplanting mechanism and seedling box mover (P467) composition, during operation by manually blanket shape seedling sheet being placed on the seedling case, the seedling pawl of each transplanting mechanism enters the seedling case and cuts one at the seedling sheet, 2-3 strain rice shoot (deciding on thickness of sowing) is arranged on it approximately, seedling box mover drives the horizontal move left and right of seedling case position, and the seedlings sending mechanism when moving to a left side or right-hand member head on the seedling case down send rice shoot once.This type of plants the work efficiency of machine height, can plant about 300 times in 1 minute, and be the several times of above-mentioned plug transplantation.The related application of rice transplanter is a lot, and its typical structure can be 200780008772 Chinese patent literature referring to application number.
Yet, because the crop property difference of paddy rice and rape is very large: its Rhizome structure is fully different, paddy rice is monocot crops, without main root but thick and long many lateral roots, well developed root system are arranged, easy and soil tangles and is integral, form the seedling sheet, and the rectangular leaf of growth on the rice shoot stem, greatly density sowing, thickness of sowing is large, the many seedling sheets that form easily of unit are rice shoot; And rape is dicotyledonous crops, and the dish seedling has main root, and lateral root is less, root system than paddy rice not prosperity be difficult to form the seedling sheet, thickness of sowing is large, is difficult to guarantee dish seedling quality.Therefore above-mentioned imagination to be realized, a series of technical barriers such as rape blanket shape seedling, field definite value, the whole ground of Honda must be properly settled.
Through experimental exploring repeatedly, the applicant proposes following rape method for transplanting, and the basic step of the method comprises:
The first step, sprout-tray seedling growth---behind the normalization seedling-cultivation plate bottom place mat nonwoven that matches with transplanter, spread the soil watering, sow the rape seed of scheduled volume, plant with the soil lid, and watering, fertilizing, treat the rice shoot 4-5 leaf phase, breed the normalization blanket shape seedling that root system and nonwoven are interweaved; The local product of growing seedlings was sieved through the hole sizer of mesh length of side 4mm;
Second step, the whole ground of Honda---plough whole field (usually adopting the tillage implements such as rotovator), make the soil block particle diameter less than 4cm, tilth is done furrow greater than 15cm according to the integral multiple width trench digging of transplanter operation line number, pours water by the furrow ditch and moistens the field;
The 3rd the step, the dish transplantation of seedlings---the blanket shape seedling of will standardizing picks and places in the seedling case of transplanter, drives transplanter into Honda and transplants operation.
The present invention transplants when using existing rice seedling transplanter (being rice transplanter) transplanting blanket shape seedling rape, for the following problem of impact transplanting quality, has carried out one by one improvement or optimal design:
1) with the rice seedling ratio, the Brassica campestris L seedling height is low, density is low, blade is many, and blade area is large, and the seedling retaining rod on former transplanting (rice transplanting) machine is difficult to guarantee Brassica campestris L seedling is played and stabs the effect of stem, leaf to pusher to prevent the seedling pawl.For this reason, according to the form of Brassica campestris L seedling, innovative design gear seedling brush, thereby play and stab stem, leaf effect to pusher to prevent the seedling pawl.Gear seedling brush is by cross bar, and the installing rack of seedling brush and adjustable position angle consists of.
2) because the Honda that rape is transplanted is not the paddy field, for fear of seedling pawl clay and be conducive to survive after Brassica campestris L seedling is transplanted, on rice transplanter walking chassis water tank is set, its delivery port is equipped with water valve, water nozzle is set above transplanting mechanism, connects water valve and water nozzle with flexible pipe, during operation water is watered to the Miao Hangshang of the seedling that transplanted seedlings, utilize simultaneously and water the flushing seedling pawl of pouring water, can kill two birds with one stone.
3) because the rape blanket shape seedling density of breeding is lower than common rice blanket shape seedling, gets seedling at every turn and can both get the 1-3 young plant in order to guarantee transplanter, need to enlarge and get Miao Miaoji.For this reason, the transverse seedling taking width of former rice transplanter is increased to 20mm, the width of corresponding seedling pawl front end seedling taking section increases to 20mm, the wide 26mm that increases to of seedling setting gate, and transverse seedling taking times is reduced to 12-13 time by the change of gearratio.
4) rape-transplanting machine is at working on farm land, is not suitable with working on farm land with the Plastic buoy of former rice transplanter, and contact area is large, resistance is large, fragile.For this reason, design skid type supporting plate, played the work of support and depth stop
With, and highly can regulate the depth of planting by regulating it.
Formed thus the special-purpose transplanter that can conscientiously guarantee rape transplanting quality, this owner will be comprised of walking chassis (1) and the transplanting parts that articulate thereon, described transplanting parts comprise be positioned at described chassis front end bottom move case device (5) and transplanting mechanism (8), describedly move the seedling case (4) that arrangement can move horizontally on the case device, described seedling lower box part has the seedling setting gate (41) of unlatching, described transplanting mechanism has the seedling pawl (83) of planting the track shuttling movement along corresponding seedling setting gate seedling taking, its improvements are: horizontal cross bar is equipped with in the back upper place of described seedling setting gate, be fixed with gear seedling brush on the described horizontal cross bar, described gear seedling brushes the bristle that has perpendicular to seedling case surface.
The special-purpose transplanter of the present invention further improves: water tank (3) is settled in top, middle part, described chassis, and settle described transplanting mechanism top has down that the delivery port of the described water tank of sprinkler part (7) of water nozzle (72) is communicated with water nozzle by water valve.
The special-purpose transplanter of the present invention further improves and is: described seedling case downside is equipped with the metal skid of front end perk.
The present invention further improves: the width of described seedling pawl front end seedling taking section is 20 ± 2mm, and the width of described seedling setting gate is 26 ± 2mm.
Because the transplanting rape implantation methods that the present invention proposes has adopted blanket shape seedling and has planted technology, cultivate normalization blanket shape rape rice shoot, develop the transplanter that is fit to the transplantation of seedlings of rape blanket shape on the basis of the principle of using for reference existing rice transplanter and basic structure.Grow seedlings, rape normalization sprout-tray seedling growth is more easy to control to seedling growth environment such as seedling medium, temperature, humidity, the extermination of disease and insect pest with comparing the rape seedling, can cultivate to be applicable to mechanization transplanting, uniform, healthy and strong normalization blanket shape rape rice shoot; Use is through improved rice transplanter culturable standard blanket shape rape rice shoot, can realize automatically dividing for seedling, high speed inserting, the indirect labor is few, transplanting efficiency is high, under the equal conditions, operating efficiency is existing chain-clip type rape-transplanting machine 4-6 times, so the operating cost decrease.Test shows, this kind rape method for planting, and rape is taken root, the more conventional artificial breeding of tiller situation is transplanted better, and yield of rape is quite or slightly high.Obviously the rape of the present invention's proposition is transplanted implantation methods and transplanter thereof, a kind of efficient and economical and practical rape transplantation technique and mechanized equipment are provided, in case applied, to fundamentally solve China's crop rotation rape production biggest obstacle, lasting, the stable development that promotes China's rape production had important function.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the transplanter structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of gear seedling brush among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the end view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is Fig. 1 sectional perspective structural representation.
Fig. 5 is normalization seedling-cultivation plate structural representation.
Among the figure: the 1-chassis of walking, 2-seedling plate rail, the 3-water tank, 4-seedling case, the 41-seedling setting gate, 5-moves the case device, 6-gear seedling brush, the 7-sprinkler part, the 71-flexible pipe, 72-shower nozzle, 8-divide the interpolating unit part, 81-bearing, 82-rotary box, 83-seedling pawl, 9-skid.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The rape transplanting method of present embodiment comprises following concrete steps:
The first step, sprout-tray seedling growth---(seeing " the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " China Agricultural Machinery Science Research Academy for details compiles at normalization seedling-cultivation plate shown in Figure 5, Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, among November in 2007 the 1st edition P424) bottom spreads first one deck plastic foil, spread the soil watering after repaving the pad nonwoven, sow the rape seed of scheduled volume, plant with the soil lid, and watering, fertilizing, treat the rice shoot 4-5 leaf phase, breed the normalization blanket shape seedling that root system and nonwoven are interweaved; The seed of sowing processes and admixes uniconazole P through basking seeds, the amount of admixing be the 100g seed to admix concentration be 10% uniconazole P 8-12mg, can make like this Brassica campestris L seedling healthy and strong, avoid too high.Can avoid like this rape root to be gathered in the small opening place of seedling-cultivation plate, can avoid like this rape root to be gathered in the small opening place of seedling-cultivation plate
The whole ground of second step, Honda---in time carry out rotary tillage after preceding crop is received, the rotary tillage degree of depth is not less than 15cm, and soil is ploughed whole to (granularity can be crossed mesh length of side 4mm hole sizer) in small, broken bits so that transplant operation as far as possible; Integral multiple width trench digging according to transplanter operation line number is done furrow, is 4 row such as transplanter operation line number, and line-spacing 45cm can do furrow, 1.8 meters or 3.6 meters of furrow face width degree by 4 row or 8 line width trench digging; Discharge water and moisten the field, pour water by the furrow ditch and moisten the field.
The 3rd step, the dish transplantation of seedlings---the blanket shape rape rice shoot of will standardize is placed on the seedling case of transplanter, with pallet the seedling sheet is scooped up and is placed in the transplanter seedling case, avoids the seedling sheet to rupture; The seedling area is got in adjustment, and the assurance seedling claw is got 1 young plant at every turn at least; The depth of planting is controlled at so that transplanting mechanism can be with in the safe soil of planting of dish seedling by seedling claw; Transplanter is finished and is vertically sent seedling, laterally moves case, gets seedling and carries, and plants the action such as bury, thereby realizes the mechanization transplanting of rape.
The rape-transplanting machine of present embodiment mainly is comprised of walking chassis 1 and the transplanting parts that articulate thereon shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4.Transplant that parts comprise seedling case 4 same as the prior art, move case device 5, transplanting mechanism 8 etc. (seeing " the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " for details), also comprise water tank 3, gear seedling brush 6, sprinkler part 7, skid 9.Water tank 3 is fixedly mounted on the top, middle part on walking chassis 1, move the seedling case 4 that arrangement can move horizontally on the case device 4, seedling case 4 bottoms have the seedling setting gate 41 of unlatching, transplanting mechanism has the seedling pawl 83 of planting the track shuttling movement along corresponding seedling setting gate seedling taking, and the movement locus of seedling pawl 83 and details are referring to " the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " P464～467.Seedling case 4 with move case device 5 and consist of moving sets, the driving shaft that moves case device 5 is connected with the power take-off power on walking chassis, move seedling box mover and the seedlings sending mechanism (" the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " P467) that case axle and seedling sending axle drive respectively seedling case 4 that move of case device 5, transplanting mechanism 8 with move case device 5 driving shafts and be in transmission connection, by seedling setting gate 41(" the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " P443) seedling sheet from seedling case 4 cuts width and is about 2.3cm, and area is 4cm
2The seedling piece that contains at least 1 Brassica campestris L seedling, and Brassica campestris L seedling implanted in the soil.
Seedling case 4 downsides of transplanting parts are equipped with the metal skid 9 of front end perk by the lockable parallel four-bar linkage.The bottom surface of skid 9 directly contacts with soil, can slide on the earth's surface, transplants parts and restriction transplanting depth with supplemental support.Skid and the connecting length of transplanting between parts are adjustable, transplant the parts terrain clearance thereby can change, and reach the purpose of regulating the depth of planting.Repetition test shows that the method for present embodiment is practical, compared with prior art, has following marked improvement:
1) adopt the normalization seedling-cultivation plate of raising rice seedlings reusable, the expense of growing seedlings is few with dish quantity than point disk seedling growing, good economy performance;
2) transplanter has adopted the get seedling identical with rice seedling transplanter to plant principle, and it is reliable to plant mechanism action, stable performance, auxiliary recruitment is few, transplanting efficiency is high, be the 5-8 of existing chain-clip type, rice seedling tubular type transplanter doubly.
3) grow seedlings and entire technique easy and simple to handle, practical.
4) changed the traditional seedbed seedling-cultivating method of planting seed on the seedbed both must be applicable to the seedbed and grow seedlings fully, be more suitable for factorial seedling growth, met the modern agricultural development direction.
Claims (9)
1. a rape method for transplanting is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step, sprout-tray seedling growth---behind the normalization seedling-cultivation plate bottom place mat nonwoven that matches with transplanter, spread the soil watering, sow the rape seed of scheduled volume, plant with the soil lid, and watering, fertilizing, treat the rice shoot 4-5 leaf phase, breed the normalization blanket shape seedling that root system and nonwoven are interweaved;
Second step, the whole ground of Honda---plough whole field, make the soil block particle diameter less than 4cm, tilth is done furrow greater than 15cm according to the integral multiple width trench digging of transplanter operation line number, pours water by the furrow ditch and moistens the field;
The 3rd the step, the dish transplantation of seedlings---the blanket shape seedling of will standardizing picks and places in the seedling case of transplanter, drives transplanter into Honda and transplants operation.
2. rape method for transplanting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described first step, spread one deck plastic foil in normalization seedling-cultivation plate bottom first, repave the pad nonwoven.
3. rape method for transplanting according to claim 2 is characterized in that: in the described first step, the soil of growing seedlings sieved through the hole sizer of mesh length of side 4mm.
4. rape method for transplanting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: uniconazole P is processed and admixed to the seed of sowing through basking seeds, and the amount of admixing is that to admix concentration be 10% uniconazole P 8-12mg to the 100g seed.
5. special-purpose transplanter of realizing the described rape method for transplanting of claim 1, mainly formed by the transplanting parts of walking chassis (1) and articulate thereon, described transplanting parts comprise be positioned at described chassis front end bottom move case device (5) and transplanting mechanism (8), describedly move the seedling case (4) that arrangement can move horizontally on the case device, described seedling lower box part has the seedling setting gate (41) of unlatching, described transplanting mechanism has the seedling pawl (83) of planting the track shuttling movement along corresponding seedling setting gate seedling taking, it is characterized in that: horizontal cross bar is equipped with in the back upper place of described seedling setting gate, be fixed with gear seedling brush on the described horizontal cross bar, described gear seedling brushes the bristle that has perpendicular to seedling case surface.
6. special-purpose transplanter according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: water tank (3) is settled in top, middle part, described chassis, and settle described transplanting mechanism top has down that the delivery port of the described water tank of sprinkler part (7) of water nozzle (72) is communicated with water nozzle by water valve.
7. special-purpose transplanter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described seedling case downside is equipped with the metal skid of front end perk.
8. special-purpose transplanter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described seedling case downside is equipped with the metal skid of front end perk by the lockable parallel four-bar linkage.
9. special-purpose transplanter according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the width of described seedling pawl front end seedling taking section is 20 ± 2mm, and the width of described seedling setting gate is 26 ± 2mm.
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| CN103819272A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-28 | 扬州大学 | Seedbed soil for culturing blanket-like rapeseed seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN103858573A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 盐城瑞升齿轮有限公司 | Seedling conveying device of high-speed transplanter |
| CN104067884A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-01 | 扬州大学 | Rape potted-seedling cultivation method |
| CN104855066A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-08-26 | 上海宝山夙峰园艺场 | High-yield rape planting method |
| CN106455486A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2017-02-22 | 洋马株式会社 | Riding-type rice planting machine |
| CN106416547A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-02-22 | 孙成军 | Walking type rice transplanter with function of automatic seedling moisturizing |
| WO2017031686A1 (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | 罗明镜 | Rape cultivation method |
| CN108174664A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-19 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Suitable for the high speed stripping and slicing seedling taking plant feed unit of rape blanket seedling |
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| CN110319887A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-10-11 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Rape transplants field operation quality on-line monitoring system and its monitoring method |
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