A kind of rape blanket shape seeding cultivating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Brassica campestris L seedling breeding method, especially a kind of rape blanket shape seeding cultivating method belongs to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
That the planting patterns that the seedling raising and transplanting rape adopts the seedbed to grow seedlings, manually transplant always, this mode are used is artificial many, labour intensity is large, production efficiency is low.In recent years, people attempt to break this traditional planting patterns by every possible means.Application number is that 200720035047.7 Chinese utility model patent discloses a kind of clipping rape machine for transplanting bare saplings, can realize the transplanting of the naked seedling of rape by this machine, yet because must be by manual sorting, hello seedling, therefore transplanting speed is very more limited than traditional planting patterns raising, and is very large with the transplanting plantation efficiency variance of rice transplanting and so on.
As everyone knows, the transplantation technique of paddy rice is very ripe, and is popularized, and its conventional steps is: seeding and seedling raising in 280 * 580 rectangle seedling-cultivating trays, can in field, greenhouse, booth, cultivate rice shoot.The rice seedling root system that this seedling-cultivating method is cultivated and soil tangle and are integral, and become can carry, roll up, fold and loose seedling sheet, and namely therefore so-called blanket shape seedling can plant by the rice transplanter stripping and slicing.Related content can be 201110129961.9 Chinese invention patent application referring to application number.
Realize the plantation of rape as paddy rice, can efficiently transplant plantation by rice transplanter, key is to capture a difficult problem of cultivating blanket shape seedling.Because the property difference of rape and paddy rice is very large, its root structure is fully different.Paddy rice is monocot crops, without main root but thick and long numerous lateral roots, well developed root system are arranged, easy and soil tangles and is integral, and forms the seedling sheet, and the rectangular leaf of growth on the rice shoot stem stalk, greatly density sowing, thickness of sowing is large, the many seedling sheets that form easily of unit are rice shoot; And rape is dicotyledonous crops, and dish seedling main root is flourishing, but lateral root is carefully short, is difficult to form the seedling sheet that can be displaced on the rice transplanter, is difficult to guarantee dish seedling quality when thickness of sowing is large.Therefore to realize the rice transplanting formula transplanting of rape, at first must properly settle the blanket shape seedling difficult problem of rape.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of rape blanket shape seeding cultivating method is proposed, thereby for realizing that by rice transplanter the efficient transplanting of rape lays the foundation.
In order to reach above purpose, rape blanket shape seeding cultivating method of the present invention comprises the steps:
The first step, standby dish---at normalization raising rice seedlings tray bottom place mat nonwoven, its specification should be selected 15-20g/m
2Better as spreading first one deck plastic foil;
Second step, shop soil---get topsoil, cross the hole sizer of mesh length of side 4mm, be laid in the ready seedling-cultivation plate, every dish adds composite fertilizer and the mixing of Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, and water spray makes shop soil suction moisture again;
The 3rd goes on foot, sows---and the scheduled volume seed of processing of will basking seeds is evenly sowed in the seedling-cultivation plate that spreads after soil is sprinkled water, and the seed scheduled volume is controlled at every square metre of 5000-6000 and is advisable; Preferably bask seeds and admix uniconazole P after processing, it is that 10% uniconazole P 8-12mg is advisable that the 100g seed is admixed concentration;
The 4th step, balance---plant with the soil lid, thickness 2-3mm is placed on seedling-cultivation plate afterwards hack and flattens and hold successfully on the seedbed in drain ditch, and water 2-3 every day, and the water yield is watered in the rear minimizing of emerging, and is as the criterion not occur to wilt;
The 5th step, fertilising---behind the balance every interval 2-3 days, water once with the nutrient solution that mainly contains potassium, calcium, nitrogen, magnesium, iron; After emerging, a leaf wholeheartedly with one heart stage of two leaves, execute respectively urea and topdress, be advisable with the 0.5-1.5g/ dish;
The 6th step, transplanting---treat the rice shoot 4-5 leaf phase, namely breed to connect together with nonwoven and take out the rape blanket shape seedling of transplanting.
Because after rape germinates, its root system can enter in the nonwoven, be interweaved, therefore be able to remedy the less-developed of rape root by non-woven fabrics fiber is ingenious, established reliable basis for forming blanket shape seedling, conscientiously solved the blanket shape seedling difficult problem of rape, can obtain being suitable for equally the blanket shape Brassica campestris L seedling of transplanting with rice transplanter with rice seedling.And the nonwoven of appropriate size is easy to by the cutting of trans-planter separate rice seedling distribution mechanism when the rice transplanting operation, therefore the rice transplanting operation is not hindered.Owing to adopted the normalization rice seedling nursing disc, therefore for using existing rice transplanter to transplant the condition of having created.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the seedling-cultivation plate structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The rape blanket shape seedling cultivation concrete steps of present embodiment are as follows:
The first step, standby dish---(seeing " the Agricultural Machinery Design handbook first volume " China Agricultural Machinery Science Research Academy for details compiles at normalization rice seedling nursing disc shown in Figure 1, in the Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house, November in 2007 the 1st edition P424) bottom spreads plastic foil and is padded with 15-20g/m
2Nonwoven; The effect of nonwoven is that the root system with the germination rape is interweaved, thereby form desirable blanket shape seedling, thoroughly solve the problem that the flourishing not rice shoot that causes of its root system easily scatters, the effect that spreads plastic foil is to avoid the rape root at seedling-cultivation plate bottom hole place too flourishing, makes the growth of rape of whole dish even.
Second step, shop soil---get the topsoil of the non-crop in cruciferae of front stubble, with preventing disease and pest, cross the hole sizer of mesh length of side 4-5mm, be laid in the ready seedling-cultivation plate, every dish adding 45%(mass percent) nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 6-8g and the mixing of content, water spray makes shop soil suction moisture again, relative moisture content reaches 90-100%, thereby lays a good foundation for the germinating growth of rape.
The 3rd step, sowing---after the seed of processing and admix uniconazole P of will basking seeds calculates scheduled volume with following formula, evenly sow in the seedling-cultivation plate after spreading the soil watering:
Seeding quantity (g/ dish)=every dish number (being advisable with 850-1000) x thousand kernel weight (can claim, be about thousand of 3.5g/)/1000/ germination rate (can test obtain, normally be about 95%)/field emergence rate (can test obtain, be generally 80%) of growing seedlings; It is that 10% uniconazole P 8-12mg is advisable that the 100g seed is admixed concentration, and its effect is to suppress growing tall of rape, can obtain like this strong sprout of dense planting.
The 4th step, balance---use with spreading soil phase soil lid together and plant, thickness 2-3mm is placed on seedling-cultivation plate afterwards hack and flattens and hold successfully on the seedbed in drain ditch, and water 2-3 every day, and the water yield is watered in the rear minimizing of emerging, and is as the criterion not occur to wilt.
The 5th step, fertilising---behind the balance every interval 2-3 days, water once with the nutrient solution that mainly contains potassium, calcium, nitrogen, magnesium, iron (Versailles nutrient solution for example evenly adds each component of following grams: potassium nitrate 0.588, nitrate of lime 0.720, ammonium phosphate 0.152, magnesium sulfate 0.294, iron chloride 0.142, potassium iodide 0.00284, boric acid 0.00056, zinc sulphate 0.00056, manganese sulphate 0.00056 in 1 premium on currency); After emerging, a leaf wholeheartedly with one heart stage of two leaves, execute respectively urea 0.5-1.5g/ dish.
The 6th step, transplanting---treat the rice shoot 4-5 leaf phase, from seedling-cultivation plate nonwoven is taken out transplanting together with the blanket shape seedling that rape forms.
Adopt the rape blanket shape seeding cultivating method of present embodiment because after the rape germination, root system enters in the nonwoven, mutually consist of pilotaxitic texture, taked simultaneously to guarantee a series of relevant behave of rational close planting, therefore remedied the less-developed of rape root by non-woven fabrics fiber, can form desirable blanket shape seedling, conscientiously solve the blanket shape seedling difficult problem of rape, obtain being suitable for equally the blanket shape Brassica campestris L seedling of transplanting with rice transplanter with rice seedling.Sample shows repeatedly, the blanket shape Brassica campestris L seedling good integrity that obtains with the present embodiment method, seedling density is high, can grow seedlings more than 5000 strains for every square metre, higher about 50 times than conventional seedbed density, both can save the rice seedling bed, can be fit to again mechanization situation speed and plant, transplant intensity thereby greatly alleviate rape, improve transplanting efficiency.