CN103819272A - Seedbed soil for culturing blanket-like rapeseed seedlings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to bed soil for raising blanket-shaped seedlings of rapeseed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural technology. The bed soil is prepared through the steps of soil preparation, disinfection, fertilizer mixing and adding plant fibers; in the present invention, 2.5-3g of pure nitrogen, phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) are mixed into the seedling soil. 1.5-2g, 0.15-0.25g of borax, mix in 100-200g of decomposed organic fertilizer; add 50-100g of plant fiber. Utilizing the bed soil of the present invention to cultivate blanket seedlings of rapeseed, the phenomenon of local dead seedlings basically disappears, the number of times of watering during seedling cultivation is reduced, the uniformity of seedling picking in the transplanting process is higher, the amount of root soil is increased, and the root damage rate is reduced. In the field, it can live 2-3 days in advance; it has laid a foundation for improving the seedling quality of rapeseed seedlings and high-yield production in the field.

Description

Rape blanket seedling seedling bed soil and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to bed soil for raising blanket-shaped seedlings of rapeseed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural technology.

Background technique

Planting rice stubble winter rapeseed after rice harvest is the main stubble layout of rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Basin of my country. Due to the fact that rice stubble is often late in production at present, and the suitable sowing period of rapeseed has passed after rice harvest, and direct sowing in the field often results in low yield because the growth time before winter is too short. Seedling-raising and transplanting is an effective method to solve the problem of rice stubble and winter rapeseed being too late to produce high yield. It has been widely used in production and is of great significance to improving the yield of rapeseed in my country.

However, the traditional seedling cultivation and transplanting adopts seedbed cultivation and manual seedling transplanting. This method all relies on manual labor, which requires a lot of labor, high labor intensity, and high production costs. It is difficult to adapt to production under the condition that the rural labor force is becoming increasingly tense. Requirements seriously restrict farmers' enthusiasm for planting rapeseed.

my country is a major producer of rapeseed in the world, ranking first in the world in both area and total output. Rapeseed oil accounts for more than 40% of the total domestic vegetable oil, and occupies a pivotal position in the domestic edible oil market. However, in recent years, with the gradual popularization of mechanized production of other field crops, the problem of too many rapeseed workers has become more and more prominent, and farmers have become less and less enthusiastic about planting rapeseed.

At present, the mechanized harvesting technology of rapeseed is basically mature, so mechanized transplanting has become the main limiting factor for the development of rapeseed production.

The Chinese invention patent with the application number 201210418971.9 discloses a method for cultivating rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings, using standard rice seedling trays to cultivate rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings, and then using a slightly modified rice transplanter to quickly plant them, which is high-speed, efficient, and labor-saving. Book. This technology provides a new solution for the mechanized transplanting of rapeseed.

In traditional rape seedling cultivation, the main function of the bed soil is to support and provide reasonable nutrition for the rape seedlings. In the cultivation of blanket seedlings, the bed soil becomes the main carrier for the formation of blanket seedlings. It not only provides reasonable nutrients for the vegetable seedlings, but also its physical structure directly affects the formation quality of blanket seedlings and the machine picking up during transplanting. Seedling quality. This patent proposes a whole set of cultivation methods for rape blanket, and successfully cultivated rape blanket seedlings. However, in the actual production process, there are many methods that need further improvement.

For example, there are the following problems in the formation of blanket seedlings:

1. The root of rapeseed is a tap root system. The number of roots is not as large as that of rice, and the root strength is not as strong as that of rice. Therefore, it is difficult to form blanket seedlings with sufficient strength in pure soil. This patent proposes to make up for the underdevelopment of the root system of rapeseed by laying non-woven fabrics at the bottom of the seedling tray by means of non-woven fabric fibers. Although this method can cultivate blanket-like seedlings, because the roots of the vegetable seedlings are intertwined in the non-woven fabric, the tearing action of the transplanting head on the blanket-like seedlings during the cutting process will cause great damage to the root system, resulting in slow and slow growth of the seedlings after transplanting. Seedlings take a long time, wasting precious pre-winter growth time.

2. If non-woven fabrics are not used, the blanket-like seedlings formed are prone to fragmentation during the process of taking seedlings from the seedling tray and installing them due to insufficient strength. Simultaneously because this blanket-like seedling structure is relatively loose, seedling soil is easy to come off from root system when transplanting seedling head to take seedling, causes root system to carry soil amount very little, and after transplanting, living tree is slow, and the time of slowing down seedling is lengthened.

There are following problems in the nutrient supply of vegetable seedlings:

1. The patent proposes to add 6-8g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer with a content of 45% (mass percentage) to mix the soil. In the actual production process, it was found that such amount of fertilization, especially the amount of nitrogen, is far from meeting the needs of vegetable seedlings, resulting in slow growth of vegetable seedlings, red leaves, short plants, high C/N ratio in the body, and vegetable seedlings transplanted to The live trees in Daejeon are slow and grow slowly.

2. This patent does not consider the application of boron fertilizer in the bed soil. In fact, boron fertilizer is very important to the growth and development of vegetable seedlings, and there is a certain demand in the seedling stage.

In addition, local dead seedling phenomenon often takes place in the blanket seedling cultivated with this patent. After research, it was found that the main reason is that the density of seedlings in seedling trays is much higher than that of seedlings in seedling fields, and the germs carried in the soil are easy to multiply. In addition, the resistance of vegetable seedlings is reduced due to the high density, so seedlings will die. Therefore, the disinfection and sterilization of bed soil must be considered.

Therefore, it is necessary to set up a special bed soil formula based on the actual situation for the cultivation characteristics of rapeseed blanket seedlings.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bed soil formula specially used for the cultivation of blanket-like seedlings of rapeseed, so as to lay a foundation for improving the seedling quality of rapeseed blanket seedlings and high-yield field production.

In order to achieve the above object, the bed soil formula method for raising rapeseed blanket seedlings of the present invention comprises the following contents:

1. Prepare soil. Sieve the surface soil of the non-cruciferous crops from the previous non-cruciferous crop without pollution, and the side length of the sieve mesh is preferably 4 mm.

2. Disinfection. Mix the fungicide into the bed soil for disinfection and sterilization to remove the source of the disease.

3. Mix fertilizer. Stir 2.5-3g of pure nitrogen, 1.5-2g of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) and 0.15-0.25g of borax into each seedling tray soil, and mix well. In addition, mixing 100-200g of decomposed organic fertilizer into the bed soil will help the bed soil to form a micelle structure that is conducive to plant growth, and the continuous supply of fertilizer effect. The seedling tray is a hard disk for raising rice seedlings whose length, width and height are 58cm, 28cm and 3cm respectively.

4. Add plant fiber. This is very critical for the formation of blanket-like seedlings of rapeseed. The patent of this application proposes to add plant fibers (such as crushed rice orange stalks) into the bed soil, the fiber length is 1-3cm, and the fiber diameter is 1-2mm. The amount of addition is 50-100g of bed soil per bed, and mix well. The addition of plant fibers has three functions: to make up for the lack of quantity and strength of vegetable roots, to become the link between soil and soil, and between roots and soil, which is conducive to the formation of high-quality blanket seedlings. The advantages of this kind of blanket seedlings are: the transplanting process is not only easy to cut and take seedlings, but also greatly reduces the damage to the root system caused by cutting and tearing; improves the water retention capacity of the bed soil, reduces the number of watering times at the seedling stage; reduces the weight of the bed soil , easy to transport and handle.

Put the bed soil prepared above into the seedling tray, the soil surface is about 5mm lower than the opening of the tray, the soil surface is flat, and the soil surface is kept rough without compaction. Compared with the prior art, the rapeseed blanket seedling cultivated by the invention has improved quality of the rapeseed seedling. At the same time, the phenomenon of local dead seedlings basically disappeared, the number of watering during seedling cultivation was reduced, the uniformity of seedling picking during transplanting was higher, the amount of root soil was increased, and the root damage rate was reduced. When transplanted into the field, live trees can be moved 2-3 days in advance. .

Detailed ways

Embodiment one

Rapeseed blanket seedling seedling bed soil preparation method concrete steps of the present embodiment are as follows:

The first step is to prepare the soil. Take the surface soil of the non-cruciferous crops from the previous stubble without pollution and sieve, and the side length of the sieve mesh is 4mm.

The second step, disinfection. Make 50% carbendazim into 1000 times liquid, spray according to the amount of 1000 kg of nutrient soil plus 50g-60g carbendazim, mix it well after spraying, seal it with film for 2-3 days, it can kill the carbendazim in the soil A variety of germs can prevent harmful germs from harming vegetable seedlings.

The third step is to mix fertilizer. Mix 12g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer with a content of 45% (mass percentage), 2.5g of urea [equivalent to 2.95g of pure nitrogen, phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O ₄ ) in each seedling tray soil. Each 1.8g], borax 0.2g, decomposed cow dung 150g, and mix well.

The fourth step is to add plant fiber. Get the rice orange stalk without damage by diseases and insect pests and grind into length 1-3cm with machine, and diameter is the fibrous shape of 1-2mm. Stir the above-mentioned straw fiber 75g into every dish of soil, and mix well.

The fifth step, plate. Put the above prepared bed soil into the seedling tray, the soil surface is about 5mm lower than the opening of the tray, and the soil surface should be kept rough and not compacted.

Other cultivation conditions are identical, and the influence of bed soil of the present invention on seedling quality is shown in Table 1.

The impact of table 1 bed soil of the present invention on the quality of raising seedlings

Note: CK is the bed soil prepared by using the invention patent with application number 201210418971.9.

Compared with the blanket-shaped rapeseed seedlings cultivated with the bed soil configured by this method and the blanket-shaped rapeseed seedlings cultivated with the Chinese invention patent application number 201210418971.9, the quality of the rapeseed seedlings is improved (Table 1). At the same time, the phenomenon of local dead seedlings basically disappeared, the number of watering during seedling cultivation was reduced by 20%, the uniformity of seedling picking during transplanting was higher, the amount of root soil was increased by 30%, and the root damage rate was reduced by 22%. 2-3 days live trees.

Claims (5)

1. a rapeseed blanket seedling seedling bed soil is characterized in that it is prepared by the following method: 1) Soil preparation: sieve the surface soil of non-cruciferous crops without pollution; 2) Disinfection: Mix fungicides into the bed soil for disinfection and sterilization to remove the source of disease. 3) Fertilizer: Mix 2.5-3g of pure nitrogen, 1.5-2g of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) into each seedling tray soil with length, width, and height of 58cm, 28cm, and 3cm respectively , 0.15-0.25g of borax, and mix well; in addition, mix 100-200g of decomposed organic fertilizer into the bed soil; 4) Add plant fiber: add 50-100g plant fiber to each bed soil and mix well. 2. a kind of bed soil for raising rapeseed blanket seedlings as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the fiber length of described plant fiber is 1-3cm, and fiber diameter is 1-2mm. 3. The bed soil for raising seedlings of rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plant fiber is pulverized rice straw. 4 . The bed soil for raising rapeseed blanket seedlings according to claim 1 , wherein, in step 1), the soil is sieved with a sieve with a side length of 4 mm. 5. A preparation method of bed soil for raising seedlings of rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) Soil preparation: Sieve the surface soil of non-cruciferous crops without pollution, and the mesh side length of the sieve is 4mm; 2) Disinfection: Mix fungicides into the bed soil for disinfection and sterilization to remove the source of disease. 3) Fertilizer: Mix 2.5-3g of pure nitrogen, 1.5-2g of phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O), 0.15-0.25g of borax into each seedling tray, and mix well; in addition, Mix 100-200g of decomposed organic fertilizer into the bed soil; 4) Add plant fiber: add 50-100g plant fiber to the bed soil and mix well.