CN102599023A - Seedling breeding diaphragm for rice transplanter - Google Patents
Seedling breeding diaphragm for rice transplanter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102599023A CN102599023A CN2011100246169A CN201110024616A CN102599023A CN 102599023 A CN102599023 A CN 102599023A CN 2011100246169 A CN2011100246169 A CN 2011100246169A CN 201110024616 A CN201110024616 A CN 201110024616A CN 102599023 A CN102599023 A CN 102599023A
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Abstract
The invention provides a diaphragm for breeding seedlings for a rice transplanter. The diaphragm comprises a porous fiber membrane with wet tensile of greater than 5 N/m; and super absorbent polymer, coating controlled-release fertilizer, plant growth regulator and microcapsule long-term pesticides are adhered on the porous fiber membrane. When the seedlings transplanted by the rice transplanter are bred, the diaphragm is arranged below nutritional soils in a seedling breeding tray, in this way, the wind forces of seedling roots is effectively enhanced, the optimal transplanting age is advanced, namely the seedlings can be transplanted at a sucking seedling stage, at the same time, the microenvironment of the transplanted seedlings is improved, thus the diaphragm is beneficial for high yield cultivation of seedlings transplanted by the rice transplanter. Furthermore, an acid conditioning agent, a seedling strengthening agent, a controlled-release herbicide and other materials for agriculture can also be added in the diaphragm according to requirements of different areas. According to tests, by adopting the diaphragm provided by the invention to breed seedlings, the seedlings are planted at a 2-leaf stage by the rice transplanter, the low position tillering is enhanced, the leaves grow early and the rows are enclosed early, thus the heading stage is advanced; and the diaphragm is an effective measure for the high yield cultivation of the seedlings transplanted by the rice transplanter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the proportion of crop planting technical field, special belong to growing seedlings and culture technique of a kind of rice mechanization rice transplanting.
Technical background
The rice mechanization rice transplanting is developed in recent years faster.Insert principle from the rice shoot that adopts with branch and classify, machine rice transplantation mainly can be divided into soil removed seedling and transplant and middle seedling balled transplanting dual mode.The soil removed seedling transplanting method is still failed the large tracts of land production application both at home and abroad so far because technology is perfect not enough.What state such as China and Japan and Korea S. promoted in recent years mainly is seedling balled transplanting mode in the high density blanket shape.This mode adopts compact disc to educate blanket appearance seedling, obtains the large tracts of land successful Application at a shortening conventional japonica rice growing area.The rice shoot standard that now general rice transplanter requires is, 58 centimetres of seedling block lengths are wide 28 centimetres, height of seedling 15-25 centimetre, and nutrition soil and 2-2.5 centimetre of root bed thickness, seedling root dish is tied, and the seedling piece can cans, has more than rice shoot 1.5 strains in every square centimeter of the density assurance.It is that the seedling root will have enough dish knot power that rice transplanter uses the basic demand of this rice shoot, can guarantee that seedling piece dish forms type.For this reason, need make thickness of sowing reach 1.7 seedlings/more than the cm2, and rice shoot was grown 18-22 days on the seedling dish, leaf age reaches about 3.8 leaves.
Seedling machine transplanting of rice technology has particularly run into a lot of difficulties in the hybrid rice plantation district being applied to the indica type paddy rice in China south in this high density blanket shape.Maximum problem is that the indica hybrid rice rice shoot grows into 3 leaves when above under conditions of high density, and seedling quality is had a strong impact on.The inventor studied in great detail this problem (open collection Wen Lili etc., the Primary Study of indica hybrid rice mechanized planting agronomic technique, hybrid rice, 2008,3:25-28), find:
1, there is very big-difference in the growth of educating under the condition at compact disc of Xian, japonica rice rice shoot.Under 1.7 seedlings/cm2 density conditions, the 1st, 2,3 leaf length of the indica hybrid rice rice shoot at 20 day length of time rice seedlings grow are respectively 1.9,2.4 and 2.5 times of conventional japonica rice.Because indica hybrid rice leaf growth speed is fast, cause rice shoot to cover easily, seedling quality descends fast than japonica rice.When leaf age 3.2 left and right sides, the 1st leaf 50% of oil type hybrid rice has turned to be yellow withered, and the 1st leaf of japonica rice still keeps green.The result shows that the mechanized planting of indica hybrid rice is grown seedlings, can not indiscriminately imitate the mode of japonica rice type fully.
2, when 21 days length of time rice seedlings grow, the highdensity dish mode of educating causes the indica hybrid rice seedling growth to receive severe inhibition.The per hundred seedling overground part fresh weights of plate seedling raising are merely 18% and 33% of seedbed light seeding mode, and false stem is wide also to be merely 50% and 74%.3.8 the hybrid rice of the leaf machine transplanting of rice, than manual transplanting of the strong seedling of light seeding, the Honda poor growth, anti-adversity ability is relatively poor.
3, tiller to dynamic observe and show, the indica hybrid rice rice shoot of seedbed light seeding mode has 70% tiller in the 1st leaf position, all tiller in the 3rd leaf position; And the plate seedling raising that 1 scheming of 3 leaves is inserted in 1-2 leaf position all less than tillering, only have 30% seedling to tiller in the 3rd leaf position, the 4th leaf position has 70% seedling to tiller, and just all tillers in the 5th leaf position.It is thus clear that compact disc is educated the tillering node of machine transplanting of rice seedling than high 2-3 joint position of the strong seedling of light seeding.And the machine transplanting of rice seedling of fixed point observation is inserted the generation of not tillering basically in back 10 days.Its peak period of tillering appears at inserted back 50 days, promptly after planting about 70 days.Compare the manual transplanting of light seeding seedling seedlings, seriously postpone the peak period of tillering.Cause the ineffective tillering of machine transplanting of rice seedling to increase thus, the fringe type diminishes, and ripening rate reduces, and finally causes output to descend.
4, because indica hybrid rice seedling growth speed is fast, in order to prolong the length of time rice seedlings grow, reduce the rice shoot height, the rice farming is usually used the growth regulator paclobutrazol at the seedling dish.But because the plate seedling raising soil layer is very thin and the seedbed isolates, paclobutrazol does not have leaching and diffusion, and it is live that usage amount is different from the seedbed, is difficult for grasping.The foliage-spray paclobutrazol causes the young leaves delayed growth simultaneously, and invalid to Lao Ye, lopsided seedling appears in concentration higher position easily slightly, usually causes poisoning in the production.Therefore the application process of growth regulator and medicine, fertilizer under the necessary improvement compact disc seedling condition.
5, the hand rice transplanting is generally transplanted later at 6 leaves of rice shoot, and at this moment rice shoot self has been laid in certain nutrition, and seedling-slowing stage is not long after therefore transplanting, and can recover growth rapidly.The rice shoot individuality was very little when compact disc was educated the transplanting of machine transplanting of rice seedling, and 3 leaf phases are the age at weaning of seedling growth just, and plate seedling raising seldom is with fertilizer to go to the field in fact, so growth is very slow after transplanting, often ten days just begin obvious growth behind the first quarter moon.Therefore improving compact disc educates machine transplanting of rice seedling to transplant the subenvironment of back growth very important.
In order to realize that indica hybrid rice educates the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy under the machine transplanting of rice condition at dish, improve the quality of machine transplanting of rice seedling, lay the high-yield culturing basis, two possible approach are arranged, but under existing technical conditions, all have difficulties.
1, light seeding.Suitably light seeding can improve the plate seedling raising seedling quality, but after the hybrid rice thickness of sowing reduces, satisfy the requirement of rice transplanter to the rice shoot packing, needs to prolong the length of time rice seedlings grow.When research proof, seedling density are 1 seedling/cm2, need just can reach more than 25 days the root system dish knot standard of rice transplanter requirement.Also to improve type simultaneously, increase the seedling taking area of rice transplanter.The rice transplanter of current application, each seedling taking area can only be regulated in 0.86-2.38 square centimeter scope in theory, and suitably the seedling taking area requirements of rice transplanter reaches the 3-4 square centimeter after the light seeding.Under country's strong backing, the owning amount of seedling balled transplanting rice transplanter has reached more than 1,000,000 in the present high density blanket shape of China, but also in quick increase.Change type and will cause high the paying of cost, and also do not have to realize the even technological means of broadcasting of light seeding at present.This feasible dish is educated the suitable light seeding of machine transplanting of rice seedling and is difficult to carry out.
2, shorten the length of time rice seedlings grow.The serious decline of seedling quality that compact disc is educated under the condition generally is after the phase, if transplanted in the past at 3 complete leaves, then to influence little to seedling quality and grown in field at 3 leaves.This is because rice seedling belonged to the autotrophy stage in the past in 3 leaf phases; Be that the required nutriment of its growth partly derives from the entrained nutrition of seed endosperm; And 3 leaves after the phase the entrained nutrition of endosperm exhausted; Seedling growth will lean on the photosynthesis of blade to keep fully, and the 3 leaf phases of plate seedling raising of high-density sowing are crowded with rear blade, and photosynthesis receives severe inhibition.Our evidence, machine transplanting of rice seedling was transplanted at rice shoot 2.5 leaves in the past, approximately about 10 days length of time rice seedlings grow, can promote machine transplanting of rice rice shoot early growth and quick tiller, reached high-yield culturing.But adopt existing technology, root growth did not reach the rice transplanter required standard with dish knot power when the length of time rice seedlings grow was shorter than 10 days, can not carry out the machine transplanting of rice.
The objective of the invention is defective to above prior art; Under the condition that does not change existing rice transplanting machinery; For improving the growth subenvironment of rice shoot in seedling dish and land for growing field crops; Improve seedling root dish knot power, cultivate length of time rice seedlings grow high density blanket appearance seedling short and the suitable machine transplanting of rice a kind of new technical products is provided.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
A kind of diaphragm of cultivating the rice plate breeding blanket appearance seedling, its inventive features are that this diaphragm is made up of the porous fibre film of vertical wet tensile (strength) greater than 5N/m, are attached with in the following material one or more on it: NMF; Sustained release fertilizer, regulating acid agent, weed killer herbicide; Plant growth regulator, insecticide, bactericide; Microcapsule pesticide, microcapsules bactericide, trace element fertilizer.
Described porous fibre film is a nonwoven.
Described porous fibre film is the biodegradable fiber nonwoven.
Described NMF is a Sodium Polyacrylate.
Described insecticide is a carbofuran.
Described plant growth regulator is a paclobutrazol.
Described diaphragm width is 25-32 centimetre.
Described diaphragm length is 50-70 centimetre.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing this summary of the invention is described further:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a rice transplanter seedling diaphragm sketch map, and its normal width is 28 centimetres, and length is 58 centimetres, admits of certain error.
Accompanying drawing 2 is A-A generalized sections of accompanying drawing 1.1 is the porous fibre film among the figure, the 2nd, adhere to above that NMF and other fertilizer agricultural chemicals materials.In order to simplify, the NMF among the figure and other fertilizer agricultural chemicals materials only are depicted in the top of porous fibre film, but in fact can soak among the porous fibre film perhaps attached to its two sides.
Accompanying drawing 3 is to use rice transplanter seedling diaphragm seedling sketch map, shows a section of seedling dish.1 is the seedling dish among the figure; The 2nd, be laid in the seedling diaphragm portion of trying to get to the heart of a matter, comprise the porous fibre film and adhere to NMF and other fertilizer agricultural chemicals materials above that; The 3rd, the bed soil for raising seedlings of lay on diaphragm; The 4th, the seeding layer on the soil.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The use of the very convenient various places of rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of the present invention peasant household.Because machine transplanting of rice plate seedling raising density is very big, soil layer is very thin, and peasant household is easy to when seedling because fertilizer agricultural chemicals or paclobutrazol improper use cause damage.Use the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm to local characteristics of the present invention, can guarantee the reasonable use of fertilizer agricultural chemicals or paclobutrazol, convenient efficient, there is very little risk.
China rice cropping area is vast in territory, and it is different that each area requires the composition in the machine transplanting of rice plate seedling raising seedling medium.Northern area soil alkalescence requires to add regulating acid agent; Rice district, south is hot and humid, and rice shoot is steep easily long, requires to add paclobutrazol and regulates seedling growth; Hainan Island soil chiltern degree is high, and the adding NMF is essential.Along with the development of technology, the various novel fertilizer formulations of pesticide that have been born, sustained release fertilizer for example, microencapsulation of pesticide very help transplanting through the fertile band of plate seedling raising technology band medicine, but different regions requires also variant for these fertilizer formulations of pesticide.Rice district, northern cold ground requires under the low temperature sustained release speed very fast, and southern tropical rice district requires under the high temperature sustained release speed suitable.Rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of the present invention is a carrier with the porous fibre film, and a platform to the seedling diaphragm of different needs production heterogeneity is provided.
Through test, use diaphragm of the present invention to cultivate blanket shape machine transplanting of rice seedling, can reach following effect:
1, the convenient use simplifies the operation;
2, improve plate seedling raising seedling root dish knot power ahead of time.Accompanying drawing 4 shows that 2 leaves, the 1 heart stage rice shoot that adopts diaphragms to breed can use portable, and the rupturing with portable time-out many places without the diaphragm rice shoot of the same period;
3, adopt transplant the diaphragm 2 leaf phases of seedling, rice shoot is tillered ahead of time, and low position tiller increases, and helps high-yield culturing.Accompanying drawing 5 shows the rice shoot 2 leaves 1 heart stage transplanting of adopting diaphragm to breed, transplants without diaphragm rice shoot 3.8 leaves than the sowing same period, and the land for growing field crops tillering speed is fast;
4, adopt transplant the diaphragm 2 leaf phases of seedling, the later stage heading early.Accompanying drawing 6 shows the rice shoot 2 leaves 1 heart stage transplanting of adopting diaphragm to breed, transplants without diaphragm rice shoot 3.8 leaves than the sowing same period, and heading is obviously done sth. in advance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the bast fiber nonwoven fabric that crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences produces is the degradable multiporous tunica fibrosa of a kind of vertical wet tensile (strength) greater than 5N/m.At first spray one deck water smoke to this tunica fibrosa, spray every square meter 12 grams of powdered polypropylene acid sodium then, through heated-air drying, cutting grow up 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres sheet have just become to be attached with the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of NMF.This diaphragm is particularly suitable for the cultivation of sandy soil drought seedling, in Hainan Island machine transplanting of rice seedling, plays an important role.
Embodiment 2: in the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm production process that is attached with NMF in embodiment 1; But when spraying powdered polypropylene acid sodium, add every square meter 0.05 gram content and be 15% wet type pulvis paclobutrazol; Through heated-air drying; Cutting grow up 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres sheet have just become to be attached with the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of NMF and plant growth regulator.This diaphragm is particularly suitable for the cultivation of the late rice machine transplanting of rice in season seedling in the south, and it is long suddenly to control rice shoot effectively.
Embodiment 3: adopting the bast fiber nonwoven fabric among the embodiment 1 is carrier; Under wet condition, spray every square meter 6 grams of powdered polypropylene acid sodium; Form one deck mucus on the nonwoven very soon, the time that evenly sprinkles the release 50% in 30 ℃ of water of every square meter 5-10 gram then is not less than 15 days coated slow release urea, through super-dry; Cutting grow up 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres sheet have just become to be attached with the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer.This diaphragm is fit to the cultivation of southern rice district machine transplanting of rice seedling, can promote the early growth behind the shoot transplanting equipment effectively, tillers ahead of time and seals capable.Change the rate of release of coated slow release urea, can process the seedling diaphragm that is suitable under the condition of different temperatures.
Embodiment 4: adopting the bast fiber nonwoven fabric among the embodiment 1 is carrier; Under wet condition, spray every square meter 6 grams of powdered polypropylene acid sodium; Form one deck mucus on the nonwoven very soon, evenly sprinkle every square meter 0.5 gram content then and be 3% carbofuran granule, through super-dry; Cutting grow up 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres sheet have just become to be attached with the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of carbofuran.Carbofuran can be absorbed by the rice shoot root, and is transported to blade, can effectively prevent and treat thrips harm in seedling stage.This diaphragm is fit to the cultivation of southern vast rice district's machine transplanting of rice seedling.
Embodiment 5: adopt the bast fiber nonwoven fabric among the embodiment 1, dry then with the moistening processing of solution soaking that contains 10% zinc sulphate, cutting grow up 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres sheet have just become to be attached with the rice transplanter seedling diaphragm of zinc fertilizer.This diaphragm is fit to the cultivation that the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River lacks zinc rice district's machine transplanting of rice seedling, and rice shoot band zinc fertilizer is gone to the field, and helps lacking the rice cropping in zinc area.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a rice transplanter seedling diaphragm sketch map.
Accompanying drawing 2 is A-A generalized sections of accompanying drawing 1.
Accompanying drawing 3 is to use rice transplanter seedling diaphragm seedling sketch map.
Accompanying drawing 4 is to adopt diaphragm to breed rice shoot packing effect comparison photo.2 leaves, the 1 heart stage rice shoot that show to adopt diaphragm to breed among the figure can be used portable, and the rupturing with portable time-out many places without the diaphragm rice shoot of the same period.
Accompanying drawing 5 is that growth result contrasts photo after adopting diaphragm to breed shoot transplanting equipment.Show the rice shoot 2 leaves 1 heart stage transplanting of adopting diaphragm to breed among the figure, transplant without diaphragm rice shoot 3.8 leaves that the land for growing field crops tillering speed is fast than the sowing same period.
Accompanying drawing 6 is to adopt diaphragm to breed behind the shoot transplanting equipment effect comparison photo at heading stage.Show the rice shoot 2 leaves 1 heart stage transplanting of adopting diaphragm to breed among the figure, transplant without diaphragm rice shoot 3.8 leaves that heading is obviously done sth. in advance than the sowing same period.
Claims (10)
1. diaphragm of cultivating the rice plate breeding blanket appearance seedling, this diaphragm is made up of the porous fibre film of vertical wet tensile (strength) greater than 5N/m, is attached with in the following material one or more on it: NMF; Sustained release fertilizer, regulating acid agent, weed killer herbicide; Plant growth regulator, insecticide, bactericide; Microcapsule pesticide, microcapsules bactericide, trace element fertilizer.
2. porous fibre film as claimed in claim 1 is a nonwoven.
3. porous fibre film as claimed in claim 1 is the biodegradable fiber nonwoven.
4. NMF as claimed in claim 1 is a Sodium Polyacrylate.
5. insecticide as claimed in claim 1 is a carbofuran.
6. plant growth regulator as claimed in claim 1 is a paclobutrazol.
7. sustained release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is coated slow release urea.
8. trace element fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is a zinc sulphate.
9. diaphragm width as claimed in claim 1 is 25-32 centimetre.
10. diaphragm length as claimed in claim 1 is 50-70 centimetre.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100246169A CN102599023A (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Seedling breeding diaphragm for rice transplanter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100246169A CN102599023A (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Seedling breeding diaphragm for rice transplanter |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102870537A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Oilseed rape transplanting method and special transplanting machine |
| CN103070045A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-01 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Rice seedling machine seedling planting diaphragm and manufacture method of rice seedling machine seedling planting diaphragm |
| CN103348876A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-10-16 | 长兴泗安科林植保专业合作社 | Method for rice mechanical transplanting seedling raising without disks |
| CN104705137A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-17 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Rice seedling raising method for mechanical transplanting |
| CN104885890A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 南京农业大学 | Method for soilless simple rice seedling raising of machine-transplanted rice |
| CN108485300A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-04 | 湖南双建无纺布有限公司 | A kind of raising rice seedlings film and preparation method thereof |
| CN113508730A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-19 | 淮安汉德农业科技有限公司 | Application of soluble ceramic cellucotton in rice seedling raising and rice seedling raising method thereof |
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| CN102870537A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Oilseed rape transplanting method and special transplanting machine |
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| CN104705137A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-17 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Rice seedling raising method for mechanical transplanting |
| CN104705137B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-02-22 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Rice seedling raising method for mechanical transplanting |
| CN104885890A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-09 | 南京农业大学 | Method for soilless simple rice seedling raising of machine-transplanted rice |
| CN108485300A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-04 | 湖南双建无纺布有限公司 | A kind of raising rice seedlings film and preparation method thereof |
| CN113508730A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-19 | 淮安汉德农业科技有限公司 | Application of soluble ceramic cellucotton in rice seedling raising and rice seedling raising method thereof |
| CN113508730B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-12-02 | 淮安汉德农业科技有限公司 | Application of soluble ceramic cellucotton in rice seedling raising and rice seedling raising method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120725 |