CN113812241A

CN113812241A - Chain seedling pot transplanter and using method

Info

Publication number: CN113812241A
Application number: CN202010561261.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟永升
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-18
Filing date: 2020-06-18
Publication date: 2021-12-21
Also published as: WO2021253595A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a chain seedling pot transplanting machine and a using method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery. The multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device is of a multi-layer structure, chain-type seedling pots are conveyed in a slide way, the width of a slide way, the transplanting row spacing and the transplanting depth can be flexibly adjusted, the narrow row spacing transplanting capability is realized, and the chain-type seedling pots of crops which are cultivated by using a chain-type seedling cultivating tool can be quickly transplanted into soil; the multifunctional transplanting machine is provided with the water application device, can be connected with the rotary cultivator in an articulated manner, can complete operations of ploughing, applying water and transplanting at one time, has a simple structure, is multipurpose, saves labor, has high operation efficiency, can meet various agricultural requirements of different crop varieties, can complete transplanting operations under different planting modes such as flat cultivation, ridge cultivation, furrow cultivation, relay cropping and the like, and is very suitable for large-area transplanting operations in large fields.

Description

Chain seedling pot transplanter and using method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, relates to transplanting machinery, and particularly relates to a chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

Background

The crop seedling raising and transplanting planting technology is widely applied to agricultural production. The transplanting machine is an important tool for popularizing and applying the transplanting planting technology in a large area. At present, in common transplanting machines, such as a vegetable transplanting machine, a green Chinese onion transplanting machine and the like, an operator is required to ride on each transplanting ridge on the transplanting machine to separate seedlings from a seedling tray, then the seedlings are fed to a seedling feeding port of the transplanting machine, and a rotating part drives a transplanting mechanism to place the seedlings into soil. The transplanting machine has the advantages of large labor amount, more rotating parts, complex mechanical structure, poor safety protection, slow operation speed, one machine for one purpose and poor universality, and the transplanting machine of each model only aims at one crop.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: the utility model provides a chain seedling alms bowl transplanter adopts multilayer structure, sets up multilayer seedling alms bowl transplanting device, utilizes slide mode transport chain seedling alms bowl, is equipped with protector, can be with using if the chinese patent that application number is CN201820600803.4 a chain alms bowl is with educating seedling tray and if the chinese patent that application number is CN20182069521.7 a chain seedling is with chain seedling culture instrument such as chain alms bowl and accomplishes the chain seedling alms bowl of growing seedlings and transplant fast to soil in, be fit for developing the transplanting operation under the different mode of planting to all crops that utilize the transplanting planting technique of growing seedlings, can accomplish the operation alone, strong adaptability. The chain seedling pot transplanter effectively solves the problems of large labor consumption, complex mechanical structure, low operation speed, low operation efficiency, poor universality, poor protection and the like of the conventional seedling pot transplanter.

Another object of the invention is: the using method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine comprises a hanging method, a seedling pot transplanting device using method, a chain seedling pot continuous seedling supply method, a slideway chute width adjusting method, a transplanting depth adjusting method, a transplanting row spacing adjusting method, a water applying method, a horizontal planting transplanting method, a ridge planting transplanting method, a furrow planting transplanting method and a relay planting transplanting method. The chain seedling pot transplanting machine is mainly utilized, agricultural requirements of transplanting different crops are met by adjusting parameters of related components, chain seedling pot transplanting operations in different planting modes such as flat planting, ridge planting, furrow planting and relay planting are completed, and one machine is multipurpose.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a chain seedling pot transplanter adopts a multilayer structure, is provided with a multilayer seedling pot transplanting device, and utilizes a slideway to convey seedling pots; the method is characterized in that: comprises a frame, a soil preparation device, a seedling tray shelf, a seedling pot transplanting device and a water applying device.

The frame comprises a large frame, an upper hanging contact, a lower hanging contact, a protective guard, a grating pedal, a slideway hanging beam and a beam fixing upright post; the big frame is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, and the rectangular steel pipes on the two sides of the big frame extend backwards; the upper hanging contact and the lower hanging contact are welded at the front end of the big frame, so that the hanging function of the chain seedling pot transplanter is realized; the protective guard is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, is fixed at the front end of the large frame through bolts and is used for isolating an operator from a suspension system so as to achieve the aim of safety protection; a grid pedal is welded at the bottom of the front end of the big frame, and an operator can walk on the grid pedal to complete the placement of seedling trays and connect the joints between the two seedling pot chains to implement continuous and uninterrupted seedling supply; the slideway hanging beam is a rectangular steel pipe, and each layer of seedling pot transplanting device is provided with one slideway for mounting; the tail ends of the rectangular steel pipes extending backwards from the two sides of the big frame are provided with beam fixing stand columns, and the two ends of each beam fixing stand column are welded with clamping plates which form a certain angle with the horizontal plane and are used for fixing a slide way to articulate the beam. The fixed upright posts of the cross beam can be connected in series to fix a plurality of layers of slideways to articulate the cross beam.

The soil preparation device comprises a ditching plow and a press roller; the ditching plow is a fixed telescopic height-adjusting structure at the top and is fixed on a cross beam at the bottom of the big frame through a U-shaped bolt; the compression roller is a side fixing screw rod height adjusting structure and is fixed on the cross beams on two sides of the large frame through U-shaped bolts.

Seedling tray supporter is rectangle steel pipe, the grid frame that the band steel welded, and two-layer about setting is fixed on big frame through the rectangle steel pipe.

The seedling pot transplanting device adopts a multilayer structure, and provides transplanting capability with a row spacing far smaller than the width of a seedling tray by using a method of arranging a plurality of layers of slide ways in a staggered manner, so that the universality is improved; when the three layers are set, the transplanting capacity that the minimum transplanting line spacing is close to one half of the width of the seedling tray is obtained; the number of layers is set relative to the width of the seedling tray, and preferably, the upper layer and the lower layer are set, so that the requirement of transplanting row spacing of most crops under the condition of using the common seedling tray can be met; each layer of seedling pot transplanting device has the same structure and comprises a seedling tray supporting plate, seedling pot guide grooves, a slideway hanging rack and a slideway.

The seedling tray supporting plate is formed by welding a panel and a bracket, and all the slideways on the same layer share one seedling tray supporting plate; the left and right metal plate side fences of the panel are used for blocking the seedling tray and the seedling pot; the bracket is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, the side surface of the rectangular steel pipe forming the rear frame of the bracket is provided with a straight notch with two ends of equal length enlarged into round holes, and a bolt head of a bolt can be clamped in the straight notch through the round hole and can move along the straight notch, so that the aim of moving and fixing the seedling pot guide groove along the straight notch is fulfilled; the seedling tray supporting plate is fixed on the frame through a rectangular steel pipe.

The seedling pot guide groove is formed by processing a metal sheet, and the front end of the seedling pot guide groove is open, the side fence curved surface, the bottom plane and the rear end of the seedling pot guide groove are declined; the lower edge of the front end of the seedling pot guide groove is downwards provided with a metal plate side rail and a round hole, and the seedling pot guide groove is fixed with a straight groove opening at the rear side of the seedling tray supporting plate through a bolt; the side rail is a horn-shaped curved surface with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the curved surface is used for guiding and righting the toppled seedling pot; the front end of the side fence is provided with a tongue-shaped vertical plate which extends forwards, the lower edge of the tongue-shaped vertical plate is attached to the plane of the seedling tray supporting plate, the bending degree of the tongue-shaped vertical plate is changed, and horn mouths with different opening widths can be generated to adapt to seedling trays with different widths; the rear end of the seedling pot guide groove is declined at a certain angle, the side fences on the two sides are smoothly connected with the side fence on the front end, the lower edge extends backwards out of the tongue-shaped flat plate, and the tongue-shaped flat plate extends into the slide way to guide the chain type seedling pot to smoothly enter the slide way.

The slideway hanging rack consists of a hanging rack base, a pull rod bolt fixing seat, a hanging rack U-shaped bolt, a hanging rack hanging piece and a spring pull rod; the hanging rack base is a steel plate with four round holes at four corners; a draw bar bolt fixing seat is welded below the hanging rack base; the hanging rack hanging piece is welded on the hanging rack U-shaped bolt and used for hanging the slide way; the spring pull rod consists of a pull rod bolt, a spring, a flat washer and a nut and is arranged on a pull rod bolt fixing seat below the hanging rack base; the spring pull rod is provided with a pull rod bolt position adjusting nut and a spring pressure adjusting nut and is used for adjusting the telescopic length of the pull rod bolt and the spring pressure.

The slideway consists of a slideway frame, a slideway fixed side plate, a slideway movable side plate, a slideway extension plate, a furrow opener and a soil covering device; the slideway rack is formed by welding rectangular steel pipes, the front end of the slideway rack is welded with a connecting plate generated by a metal sheet metal, the connecting plate is provided with an upper round hole and a lower round hole, the upper hole forms a slideway hanging point and is connected with the slideway hanging rack through a pin shaft, the lower hole forms a pull rod bolt connecting seat and is connected with a spring pull rod through the pin shaft, the limiting of the inclination angle of the slideway is realized, and the slideway and the earth surface generate a profiling effect under the action of a spring; a water injection hole is formed in the side surface of the back position of the slide way frame, a water delivery hose is inserted into the hole, and water flows into the transplanting ditch through the water injection hole, so that the purpose of water application is realized; a downward rectangular steel pipe is welded at the position, close to the rear, of the slideway frame to form a fixed upright post of the furrow opener; the two sides of the slideway rack are provided with a slideway fixed side plate and a slideway movable side plate which form a chute together with the upper plane of the slideway rack; the slideway fixing side plate is a metal thin plate, the strength of the upper edge of the metal plate is increased, and the lower edge of the slideway fixing side plate is welded to the side face of the slideway frame where the water injection hole is located; the movable side plate of the slideway consists of a movable side plate of the slideway and a movable hanging plate of the slideway, the movable side plate of the slideway is formed by a metal sheet metal, the strength of the upper edge and the lower edge of the metal sheet is increased, and the front edge of the metal sheet is a tongue-shaped vertical plate which is bent outwards; the slideway movable plate hanging piece is a groove-shaped metal plate, the outward-turned long-edge rail of the upper half part of the metal plate is used for welding and fixing the slideway movable plate, the short edge of the lower half part of the metal plate plays a role in increasing the strength, and the bottom surface of the groove is provided with a forked mounting hole of a downward gap; the slideway movable plate hanging pieces are welded on the slideway movable plates at certain intervals, threaded holes are formed in the slideway frame at positions corresponding to the fork-shaped mounting holes, bolts are screwed in, a certain number of flat washers penetrate through the bolts, the slideway movable plate hanging pieces are inserted into the middles of the flat washers, the number of the flat washers between the slideway movable plate hanging pieces and the slideway frame determines the width of the slideway, the purpose of adjusting the width of the slideway is achieved, and the slideway movable plate hanging pieces are adapted to chain type seedling raising tools with different diameters; the slide way extension plate is an arc-shaped thin steel plate, is welded to the upper edge of the rear end of the slide way frame and is smoothly connected with the upper plane of the slide way frame, the slide path of the seedling pot is smoothly extended backwards to the bottom of the transplanting ditch, the fall is eliminated, and the seedling pot smoothly enters the bottom of the transplanting ditch; the furrow opener is composed of a soil loosening plough point and a soil discharging device, wherein the soil loosening plough point is a universal part and is fixed on a furrow opener fixing upright post of the slideway frame through a bolt; the soil discharging device consists of two metal sheet metal parts and is welded on two sides of the slideway frame, the front edge of the metal sheet is welded on a fixed upright post of the furrow opener of the slideway frame, the lower edge of the metal sheet is flush with the lower edge of the fixed upright post of the furrow opener, and the inner side of the metal sheet is welded and fixed with the slideway frame; an edge rail is formed by outwards forming a metal plate on the upper edge of the metal sheet so as to increase the strength of the soil discharging device, a soil covering device fixing seat is welded on the upper plane of the edge rail, and the soil covering device fixing seat is provided with a circular hole and an arc notch concentric with the circular hole; the soil covering device is of a roller structure and consists of a connecting rod and a soil covering wheel, wherein the front end of the connecting rod is provided with two mounting holes, and the rear end of the connecting rod is welded with a pin shaft; the soil covering wheel is arranged on a pin shaft of the connecting rod; the connecting rod is fixed on the crawler fixing seat through a bolt, and the upper position and the lower position of the soil covering wheel are adjusted and fixed through the arc notch, so that the transplanting depth is adjusted.

The water application device comprises a water separator, a water delivery hose, a ball valve and an electromagnetic valve; the water separator is a cylindrical tank body and is provided with a water inlet, an exhaust valve and a plurality of water outlets, and the exhaust valve is mainly used for exhausting air in the water separator and preventing air resistance; the water delivery hose is connected with the water outlet of the water separator through a ball valve, the electromagnetic valve can be installed optionally, the water delivery hose is disconnected at the position close to the water injection hole, and the electromagnetic valve is connected; the pressurized water flow enters the water separator from the water inlet, flows out from the water outlet after the pressure of the water separator is balanced, enters the inner cavity of the slideway frame from the water injection hole after the flow is regulated by the ball valve and the electromagnetic valve, and finally flows into the transplanting ditch between the scarification plough tip and the slideway extension plate at the tail end of the slideway, so that the water application operation is completed.

The invention provides a using method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which is characterized in that: the method comprises a hanging method, a seedling pot transplanting device using method, a chain type seedling pot continuous seedling supply method, a slideway chute width adjusting method, a transplanting depth adjusting method, a transplanting row spacing adjusting method, a water applying method, a horizontal cropping transplanting method, a ridge cropping transplanting method, a furrow cropping transplanting method and a relay cropping transplanting method.

The invention relates to a hanging method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is directly connected with a suspension system of a power main machine in a hanging mode, and the power main machine directly pulls the chain seedling pot transplanting machine to perform transplanting operation on the ploughed land. The method has lower power requirement on the power main engine.

The invention discloses another hanging method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: the power main machine is directly connected with the rotary cultivator in a hanging mode, a hanging arm is welded at the position of a lower hanging point of the rotary cultivator, the lower hanging point of the three-point hanging type chain seedling pot transplanting machine is connected with the hanging arm welded on the rotary cultivator in a hanging mode through a pin shaft, an upper hanging point of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is connected with an upper hanging point of the rotary cultivator through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is controlled by a hydraulic output system of the power main machine; before the transplanting operation is started, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is ensured to be in a retraction state, so that the lower hanging point of the chain seedling pot transplanter is lifted relative to a rotary cultivator by taking the lower hanging point as a shaft; when the operation is started, the rotary cultivator is put down, the power host drives the rotary cultivator to move forward to loosen a section of cultivated land, and then the extension of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is controlled, so that the chain seedling pot transplanter disclosed by the invention falls down, and the transplanting operation is started on the cultivated land which is subjected to rotary tillage; when the seedling pot transplanting machine needs to turn around, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is retracted firstly, the lower hanging point of the seedling pot transplanting machine is lifted relative to the rotary cultivator by taking the hanging point as a shaft, then the rotary cultivator is lifted, and after the turning around is completed, new transplanting operation is started according to the operation sequence when the operation is started.

The invention discloses a method for using a seedling pot transplanting device of a chain type seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: when the transplanting row spacing is smaller than the width of the seedling tray, arranging a plurality of layers of seedling pot transplanting devices, and arranging slide ways in a staggered mode; when the transplanting row spacing is larger than the width of the seedling tray, arranging a plurality of layers of seedling pot transplanting devices, and arranging slide ways at each layer in a staggered manner or only arranging a certain layer of seedling pot transplanting device; before transplanting operation, taking the seedling tray off the seedling tray storage rack, placing the seedling tray into the seedling tray supporting plate, pulling seedling pot chain joints from the seedling tray, sequentially pulling out seedling pots, controlling transplanting plant spacing by the chain length between the seedling pots, introducing the seedling pot chain into a seedling pot guide groove, entering a transplanting ditch opened by a furrow opener along a slide way under the guide of the seedling pot guide groove, fixing the seedling pot chain in soil, and completing transplanting preparation work; when transplanting operation is carried out, the chain type seedling pot transplanter advances forwards, chain type seedling pots in the seedling disc are sequentially pulled out under the traction of the seedling pot chain, after being straightened by the seedling pot guide groove, enter a transplanting ditch opened by a furrow opener along a slide way, and are backfilled and compacted by soil wheels, so that the transplanting and field planting work of seedlings is completed. When the operation is transferred, or when partial planting rows do not need to be transplanted, the pin shaft in the pull rod bolt connecting seat on the slide way corresponding to the planting rows is taken down, and the slide way is lifted and fixed on the seedling tray storage rack.

The invention relates to a chain seedling pot continuous seedling supply method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: in the transplanting process, when a small amount of seedling pots remain in the seedling tray, an operator pushes all the seedling pots in the seedling tray into the seedling tray supporting plate, extracts the empty seedling tray, puts the empty seedling tray into a new seedling tray, pulls out a head connector of a seedling pot chain in the new seedling tray, and well connects with a tail connector of an original seedling pot chain stored in the seedling tray supporting plate to enable the two seedling pot chains to form a new seedling pot chain; and pushing the new seedling tray into a seedling tray supporting plate to complete the connection work of the seedling supply chain. The continuous seedling supply method is suitable for continuous seedling supply operation under the requirements of all row spacings.

The invention discloses another chain seedling pot continuous seedling supply method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: when the distance between two seedling trays normally supplying seedlings in the same layer of seedling tray supporting plate is larger than the width of one seedling tray, a new seedling tray is placed on a vacant position beside the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings, a seedling pot chain tail part joint is pulled out from the back of the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings and is connected with a seedling pot chain head part joint in the new seedling tray, when the seedling pots in the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings use light, the seedling pots in the new seedling tray start to be pulled out in sequence, the empty seedling tray is immediately taken down, the seedling tray which is supplying the seedlings is horizontally moved to an empty normal seedling supply position, the new seedling tray is placed in the empty position again, new connection work is started, and the connection work of the seedling supply chains is realized. The continuous seedling supply method is suitable for transplanting crops with large transplanting row spacing.

The invention relates to a method for adjusting the width of a slide chute of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: loosening the slide way movable side plate fixing bolt, taking down the slide way movable side plate, increasing and decreasing the number of the plain washers between the slide way movable plate hanging piece and the slide way frame according to the width requirement of the slide way sliding groove, inserting the slide way movable side plate, tightening the slide way movable side plate fixing bolt, and completing the adjustment work of the slide way sliding groove width.

The invention relates to a transplanting depth adjusting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: the height of the press roller is adjusted to control the ground clearance of the chain seedling pot transplanter, so that the preliminary control of the transplanting depth is realized; adjusting a pull rod bolt position adjusting nut on the slide rail hanging frame, changing the inclination angle of the slide rail, and simultaneously adjusting the position of the soil covering wheel in a matching manner to realize fine adjustment control of the transplanting depth.

The invention relates to a transplanting row spacing adjusting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: the transplanting row spacing of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is determined by the distance between two adjacent slideways; loosening the U-shaped bolts of the hanging frames, loosening the fixing bolts of the seedling pot guide grooves, hanging the cross beams along the slide ways to synchronously move the seedling pot guide grooves and the slide way hanging frames, screwing the U-shaped bolts of the hanging frames after the distance between two adjacent slide ways meets the requirement of the transplanting row spacing, screwing the fixing bolts of the seedling pot guide grooves, and completing the transplanting row spacing adjustment work of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

The invention relates to a water application method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator through the water inlet, air is discharged through the exhaust valve, the pressurized water flows out of the water outlet after the pressure of the water separator is balanced, the pressurized water enters the inner cavity of the slideway frame through the water delivery hose directly extending into the water injection hole after the flow is regulated by the ball valve, and finally flows into the transplanting ditch between the soil loosening plough tip and the slideway extension plate at the tail end of the slideway, so that the continuous water application operation is completed; the method is suitable for close planting and transplanting operation with small plant spacing.

The invention discloses another water application method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator through the water inlet, air is discharged through the exhaust valve, the pressurized water flows out of the water outlet after the pressure of the water separator is balanced, the flow is regulated through the ball valve, the intermittent water flow is generated after the control of the electromagnetic valve arranged at the position close to the water injection hole, the intermittent water flow enters the inner cavity of the slideway frame and finally flows into a transplanting ditch between the scarification plough tip and a slideway extension plate at the tail end of the slideway, the fixed-point water application operation is completed, and the water consumption is saved; the method is suitable for large-area transplanting operation of large-plant-spacing crops in a large field.

The invention relates to a flat-planting transplanting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: taking down the furrow plough, adjusting the height of the press roller according to the agricultural requirements of crops, reasonably arranging the number of the seedling pot transplanting devices on each layer, adjusting the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanting machine, selecting a water applying method, and starting the transplanting operation in a parallel cropping mode.

The invention relates to a ridge culture transplanting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the spacing distance and the height of the furrow plough and the height of the press roller according to the requirements of ridge farming agriculture, reasonably arranging the number of the seedling pot transplanting devices on each layer, adjusting the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, and selecting a water application method; during transplanting operation, the ditching plough ditches and piles the earth surface, the compacting roller rolls and shapes the uplifted soil to form a furrow shape meeting planting requirements, and the seedling pot transplanting device transplants the seedling pot onto a ridge platform to complete transplanting operation in a ridge culture mode.

The invention relates to a furrow planting and transplanting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: taking down the press roller, adjusting the spacing distance and the height of the furrow plough according to the agricultural requirements of furrow operation, replacing the lower layer slideway with the upper layer slideway, adjusting the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, and selecting a water application method; during transplanting operation, the ditching plough ditches and piles soil, ditches and piles soil on the ground surface to form a furrow shape meeting planting requirements, and the seedling pot transplanting device transplants the seedling pot into the furrow to complete the transplanting operation in a furrow making mode.

The invention relates to a relay cropping transplanting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the transplanting row spacing and the transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to the interplanting agricultural and technical requirements, and selecting a water applying method; during transplanting operation, according to the interplanting requirement, putting a seedling tray for seedling cultivation of crops to be subjected to interplanting planting into the seedling pot transplanting device for performing interplanting planting, and then according to a normal transplanting method, completing transplanting operation in a interplanting mode.

The invention has the advantages that: the chain seedling pot transplanting machine adopts a multilayer structure, is provided with a multilayer seedling pot transplanting device, utilizes a slideway mode to convey chain seedling pots, is simple in structure, does not have a complex rotating structure, and can quickly transplant the chain seedling pots of crops which are cultivated by using a chain seedling tool into soil; the water application device is arranged and can be connected with the rotary cultivator in a hanging way, and the operations of ploughing, water application and transplanting can be completed at one time; the chain seedling pot transplanter has multiple purposes, can meet various agricultural requirements of different crop varieties, completes transplanting operations under different planting modes such as flat planting, ridge planting, furrow planting, relay cropping and the like, saves labor, has high operation efficiency, and is very suitable for carrying out large-area transplanting operations in a large field.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-layer embodiment of a chain seedling pot transplanter.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the whole double-layer example of the chain seedling pot transplanter.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a seedling pot transplanting device of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

Fig. 4 is an exploded schematic view of a slide structure of the chain seedling pot transplanter.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a method for adjusting the width of a chute of a slide way of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a continuous seedling supplying method of the seedling pot transplanting device of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter in the flat planting, transplanting and planting.

Fig. 8 is a schematic effect diagram of the chain seedling pot transplanter in ridge planting, transplanting and planting.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter in furrow planting and transplanting.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter in interplanting, transplanting and planting.

In the figure: 101 upper seedling tray shelf, 102 lower seedling tray shelf, 103 guard railing, 104 upper hanging contact, 105 upper seedling tray pallet, 106 lower seedling tray pallet, 107 lower hanging contact, 108 big shelf, 109 press roller, 110 ditching plow, 111 lower slide, 112 lower slide rack, 113 upper slide, 114 lower slide hanging beam, 115 beam fixing upright post, 116 lower seedling pot guide groove, 117 upper slide rack, 118 upper slide hanging beam, 119 upper seedling pot guide groove, 120 water inlet, 121 water separator, 122 exhaust valve, 201 water outlet, 202 ball valve, 203 straight notch, 204 seedling pot guide groove fixing bolt, 205 water hose, 206 electromagnetic valve, 207 water injection hole, 301 slide hanging contact, 302 pull rod bolt connecting seat, 303 rack base, 304 pull rod bolt fixing seat, 305 spring, 306 spring pressure adjusting nut, 307 pull rod bolt position adjusting nut, 308 pull rod bolt, 309 pin shafts A, 310 bolts, 311 loose soil plough tips, 312 furrow opener fixed columns, 313 slide way extension plates, 314 slide way frames, 315 soil discharging devices, 316 soil covering device fixed seats, 317 soil covering wheels, 318 connecting rods, 319 slide way fixed side plates, 320 slide way movable side plates, 321 pin shafts B, 322 hanging rack hanging pieces, 323 hanging rack U-shaped bolts, 401 slide way flap hanging pieces, 402 slide way movable side plate fixed bolts, 403 flat washers, 404 slide way flap plates, 501 telescopic hydraulic cylinders, 502 rotary cultivator hanging points, 503 hanging arms, 504 rotary cultivator lower hanging points, 505 grid pedals and 506.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the three-layer structure of the present invention, and fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the two-layer structure of the present invention. Preferably, the double-layer structure can meet the requirement of transplanting row spacing of most crops under the condition of using a common seedling tray. The structural features of the three-layer structure embodiment and the two-layer structure embodiment are substantially the same. The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail by taking an example of a two-layer structure with reference to the drawings.

As shown in figure 1, the chain seedling pot transplanting machine comprises a rack, a soil preparation device, a seedling tray storage rack, a seedling pot transplanting device and a water applying device.

The machine frame comprises a large frame 108, an upper hanging point 104, a lower hanging point 107, a protective guard 103, a grid pedal 505, an upper-layer slideway hanging beam 118, a lower-layer slideway hanging beam 114 and a beam fixing upright column 115. The big frame 108 is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, and the rectangular steel pipes on two sides of the big frame 108 extend backwards; the upper hanging point 104 and the lower hanging point 107 are welded at the front end of the big frame 108, so that the hanging function of the chain seedling pot transplanter is realized; the protective guard 103 is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, is fixed at the front end of the big frame 108 through bolts, and is used for isolating an operator from a suspension system to achieve the purpose of safety protection; a grid pedal 505 is welded at the bottom of the front end of the big frame 108, and an operator can walk on the grid pedal 505 to complete seedling tray placement and connect a joint between two seedling pot chains to implement continuous and uninterrupted seedling supply; the upper layer slideway hanging beam 118 and the lower layer slideway hanging beam 114 are rectangular steel pipes; the ends of the rectangular steel pipes extending backwards from the two sides of the big frame 108 are provided with beam fixing columns 115, and the two ends of the beam fixing columns 115 are respectively welded with a clamping plate which forms a certain angle with the horizontal plane and is used for fixing an upper-layer slideway hanging beam 118 and a lower-layer slideway hanging beam 114.

The soil preparation device comprises a ditching plow 110 and a press roller 109; the ditching plow 110 is a structure with a top fixed, telescopic and height-adjustable and is fixed on a cross beam at the bottom of the big frame 108 through a U-shaped bolt; the press roller 109 is a side face fixing screw rod height-adjusting structure and is fixed on the cross beams on two sides of the big frame 108 through U-shaped bolts.

The upper seedling tray shelf 101 and the lower seedling tray shelf 102 are fixed on the big frame 108 through rectangular steel pipes;

the seedling pot transplanting device adopts a multilayer structure, and provides transplanting capability with a row spacing far smaller than the width of a seedling tray by using a method of arranging a plurality of layers of slide ways in a staggered manner, so that the universality is improved; the structure of each layer of seedling pot transplanting device is the same, and only the embodiment of the lower layer of seedling pot transplanting device is described here.

As shown in fig. 3, the lower seedling pot transplanting device comprises a lower seedling tray supporting plate 106, a lower seedling pot guiding groove 116, a lower slideway hanging rack 112 and a lower slideway 111;

the lower seedling tray supporting plate 106 is formed by welding a panel and a bracket, and the lower seedling tray supporting plate share one seedling tray; the panel left and right side metal plate side fences are used for blocking the seedling tray and the seedling pot; the bracket is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, the side surface of the rectangular steel pipe forming the rear frame of the bracket is provided with a straight groove opening 203 with two ends of equal length enlarged into round holes, the bolt head of the bolt can be clamped in the straight groove opening 203 through the round hole and can move along the straight groove opening 203, and the purpose that the lower seedling pot guide groove 116 moves and is fixed along the straight groove opening 203 is achieved; the lower seedling tray supporting plate 106 is fixed on the frame through a rectangular steel pipe.

The lower seedling pot guide groove 116 is formed by processing a metal sheet, and the front end is open, the side fence curved surface, the bottom plane and the rear end are declined; the lower edge of the front end of the lower seedling pot guide groove 116 is provided with a downward metal plate side fence and a round hole, and is fixed with a straight groove opening 203 at the rear side of the lower seedling tray supporting plate 106 through a seedling pot guide groove fixing bolt 204; the side rail is a horn-shaped curved surface with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the curved surface is used for guiding and righting the toppled seedling pot; the front end of the side fence is provided with a tongue-shaped vertical plate which extends forwards, the lower edge of the tongue-shaped vertical plate is attached to the plane of the lower seedling tray supporting plate 106, the bending degree of the tongue-shaped vertical plate is changed, and horn mouths with different opening widths can be generated to adapt to seedling trays with different widths; the rear end of the lower seedling pot guide groove 116 is declined at a certain angle, the side fences at the two sides are smoothly connected with the side fence at the front end, the lower edge extends backwards out of the tongue-shaped flat plate, and the tongue-shaped flat plate extends into the lower layer slideway 111 to guide the chain-type seedling pot to smoothly enter the lower layer slideway 111.

As shown in fig. 4, the lower-layer slideway hanger 112 is composed of a hanger base 303, a pull rod bolt fixing base 304, a hanger U-shaped bolt 323, a hanger hanging piece 322 and a spring pull rod; the hanging rack base 303 is a steel plate with four round holes at four corners; a pull rod bolt fixing seat 304 is welded below the hanging rack base 303; the hanging rack hanging piece 322 is welded on the hanging rack U-shaped bolt 323 and is used for hanging the lower layer slideway 111; the spring pull rod consists of a pull rod bolt 308, a spring 305, a flat washer and a nut and is arranged on a pull rod bolt fixing seat 304 below the hanging rack base 303; the spring tension rod is provided with a tension bolt position adjusting nut 307 and a spring pressure adjusting nut 306 for adjusting the telescopic length of the tension bolt 308 and the pressure of the spring 305.

As shown in fig. 4, the lower layer slideway 111 is composed of a slideway frame 314, a slideway fixed side plate 319, a slideway movable side plate 320, a slideway extension plate 313, a furrow opener and a soil covering device, wherein the slideway frame 314 is formed by welding rectangular steel pipes, the front end of the slideway frame is welded with a connecting plate which is formed by metal sheet metal, the connecting plate is provided with an upper round hole and a lower round hole, the upper hole forms a slideway hanging point 301, the slideway hanging point is connected with a hanging rack hanging sheet 322 through a pin shaft B321, the lower hole forms a pull rod bolt connecting seat 302, the pull rod bolt 308 is connected through a pin shaft a309, the limit of the inclination angle of the lower layer slideway 111 is realized, and the lower layer slideway 111 and the ground surface generate a profiling effect under the action of a spring; the side surface of the slide way frame 314 close to the rear position is provided with a water injection hole 207, a water delivery hose 205 is inserted into the hole, and water flows into the transplanting ditch through the water injection hole 207, so that the purpose of water application is realized; a downward rectangular steel pipe is welded at the position, close to the rear, of the slide way frame 314 to form a fixed upright post 312 of the furrow opener; a slideway fixed side plate 319 and a slideway movable side plate 320 are arranged on two sides of the slideway frame 314 and form a slideway sliding chute together with the upper plane of the slideway frame 314; the slideway fixed side plate 319 is a metal sheet, the strength of the upper edge of the metal sheet is increased, and the lower edge of the slideway fixed side plate is welded to the side surface of the slideway frame 314 where the water injection hole 207 is positioned; the slideway movable side plate 320 is composed of a slideway movable side plate 404 and a slideway movable hanging plate 401, the slideway movable side plate 404 is formed by a metal sheet metal, the strength of the upper edge and the lower edge of the sheet metal is increased, and the front edge of the tongue-shaped vertical plate is bent outwards; the slideway movable plate hanging piece 401 is a groove-shaped metal plate, the outward-turned long-edge fence of the upper half part of the metal plate is used for welding and fixing the slideway movable plate, the short edge of the lower half part of the metal plate plays a role in increasing strength, and the bottom surface of the groove is provided with a forked mounting hole of a downward gap; the slideway movable side plate fixing bolts 402 are screwed in the threaded holes at the positions corresponding to the fork-shaped mounting holes on the slideway frame 314, a certain number of flat washers 403 are penetrated on the slideway movable side plate fixing bolts 402, the slideway movable side plate hanging pieces 401 are inserted into the middle of the flat washers 403, the number of the flat washers 403 between the slideway movable side plate hanging pieces 401 and the slideway frame 314 determines the chute width of the lower slideway 111, the purpose of adjusting the chute width of the slideway is realized, and the slideway is adapted to chain type seedling raising tools with different diameters; the slide way extension plate 313 is an arc-shaped thin steel plate, is welded to the upper edge of the rear end of the slide way frame 314 and is smoothly connected with the upper plane of the slide way frame 314, the slide path of the seedling pot is smoothly extended backwards to the bottom of the transplanting ditch, the fall is eliminated, and the seedling pot smoothly enters the bottom of the transplanting ditch; the furrow opener is composed of a soil loosening plough point 311 and a soil discharging device 315, wherein the soil loosening plough point 311 is a universal part and is fixed on a furrow opener fixing upright column 312 of a slideway frame 314 through a bolt 310; the soil discharging device 315 is composed of two metal sheet metal parts and is welded on two sides of the slide way frame 314, the front edge of the metal sheet is welded on the opener fixing upright column 312 of the slide way frame 314, the lower edge is flush with the lower edge of the opener fixing upright column 312, and the inner side of the metal sheet is welded and fixed with the slide way frame 314; an edge rail is formed by outwards stamping the upper edge of the metal sheet to increase the strength of the soil discharging device 315, a soil covering device fixing seat 316 is welded on the upper plane of the edge rail, and a circular hole and an arc notch concentric with the circular hole are formed in the soil covering device fixing seat 316; the soil covering device is of a roller structure and consists of a connecting rod 318 and a soil covering wheel 317, the front end of the connecting rod 318 is provided with two mounting holes, and the rear end is welded with a pin shaft; the soil covering wheels 317 are mounted on the pin shafts of the connecting rods 318; the connecting rod 318 is fixed on the crawler fixing seat 316 through a bolt, and the upper and lower positions of the soil covering wheel 317 are adjusted and fixed through the arc notch, so that the transplanting depth is adjusted.

As shown in fig. 3, the water application device comprises a water separator 121, a water delivery hose 205, a ball valve 202 and an electromagnetic valve 206; the water separator 121 is a cylindrical tank body and is provided with a water inlet 120, an exhaust valve 122 and a plurality of water outlets 201, and the exhaust valve 121 exhausts air in the water separator to prevent air resistance; the water delivery hose 205 is connected with the water outlet 201 of the water separator 121 through a ball valve 202, the electromagnetic valve 206 can be optionally installed, the water delivery hose 205 is disconnected at the position close to the water injection hole 207, and the electromagnetic valve 206 is connected; the pressurized water flow enters the water separator 121 from the water inlet 120, air is exhausted through the air outlet valve 122, the pressure is balanced by the water separator 121, the pressurized water flows out of the water outlet 201, the flow is regulated through the ball valve 202 and the electromagnetic valve 206, the pressurized water flow enters the inner cavity of the slideway frame 314 from the water injection hole 207, and finally the pressurized water flow flows into a transplanting ditch between the soil loosening plough tip 311 and a slideway extension plate 313 at the tail end of the slideway, and the water application operation is completed.

As shown in fig. 7, another hitching method of the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention comprises the following steps: the power main machine is directly connected with the rotary cultivator 506 in a hanging mode, a hanging arm 503 is welded at the position of a lower connecting point 504 of the rotary cultivator, the lower connecting point 107 of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is connected with the hanging arm 503 through a pin shaft, an upper connecting point 104 of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is connected with an upper connecting point 502 of the rotary cultivator through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 is controlled by a hydraulic output system of the power main machine; before the transplanting operation is started, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 is ensured to be in a retraction state, so that the chain seedling pot transplanter is lifted relative to the rotary cultivator 506 by taking the lower hanging point 107 as a shaft; when the operation starts, the rotary cultivator 506 is put down, the power main machine drives the rotary cultivator 506 to move forward to loosen a section of cultivated land, and then the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 is controlled to extend, so that the chain type seedling pot transplanter disclosed by the invention falls down, and the transplanting operation starts on the cultivated land which is already rotary-tilled; when the seedling pot needs to turn around, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 retracts, the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine is lifted relative to the rotary cultivator 506 by taking the lower hanging point 107 as a shaft, then the rotary cultivator 506 is lifted, and after the turning around is completed, new transplanting operation is started according to the operation sequence when the operation is started.

The invention discloses a method for using a seedling pot transplanting device of a chain type seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: when the transplanting row spacing is smaller than the width of the seedling tray, arranging a plurality of layers of seedling pot transplanting devices, and arranging slide ways in a staggered mode; when the transplanting row spacing is larger than the width of the seedling tray, arranging a plurality of layers of seedling pot transplanting devices, and arranging slide ways of each layer in a staggered manner or independently arranging the seedling pot transplanting devices at the lower layer; before transplanting operation, the seedling tray is taken down from the lower-layer seedling tray storage rack 102 and placed into the lower-layer seedling tray supporting plate 106, seedling pot chain joints are pulled out from the seedling tray, seedling pots are sequentially pulled out, the transplanting plant spacing is controlled by the chain length among the seedling pots, the seedling pot chain is guided into the lower-layer seedling pot guide groove 116, the seedling pot chain enters a transplanting ditch formed by a furrow opener along the lower-layer slide rail 111 under the guide of the lower-layer seedling pot guide groove 116, and the seedling pot chain is fixed in soil to complete transplanting preparation work; when transplanting operation is carried out, the chain type seedling pot transplanter advances forwards, chain type seedling pots in the seedling disc are sequentially pulled out under the traction of the seedling pot chain, are righted by the lower-layer seedling pot guide groove 116, enter a transplanting ditch opened by a furrow opener along the lower-layer slideway 111, and are backfilled and compacted by soil covering wheels 317 to complete the transplanting and field planting work of seedlings. When the operation is transferred or part of the planting rows do not need to be transplanted, the pin shaft A309 in the pull rod bolt connecting seat 302 on the corresponding slide way is taken down, and the slide way is lifted and fixed on the lower seedling tray storage rack 102.

As shown in fig. 6, the method for continuously supplying seedlings to chained seedling pots of the chained seedling pot transplanter of the present invention comprises the following steps: in the transplanting process, when a small amount of seedling pots remain in the seedling tray, an operator pushes all the seedling pots in the seedling tray into the lower-layer seedling tray supporting plate 106, extracts the empty seedling tray, puts the empty seedling tray into a new seedling tray, pulls out the head connector of a seedling pot chain in the new seedling tray, and well connects the head connector with the tail connector of an original seedling pot chain stored in the lower-layer seedling tray supporting plate 106, so that two seedling pot chains form a new seedling pot chain; and pushing the new seedling tray into the lower seedling tray supporting plate 106 to complete the connection work of the seedling supply chain. The continuous seedling supply method is suitable for continuous seedling supply operation under the requirements of all row spacings.

As shown in fig. 6, another chain type seedling pot continuous seedling supply method of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine of the invention comprises the following steps: when the distance between two seedling trays normally supplying seedlings in the lower-layer seedling tray supporting plate 106 is larger than the width of one seedling tray, a new seedling tray is placed on a vacant position beside the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings, a seedling pot chain tail part joint is pulled out from the back of the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings and is connected with a seedling pot chain head part joint in the new seedling tray, when the seedling pots in the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings use light, the seedling pots in the new seedling tray start to be pulled out in sequence, the empty seedling tray is immediately taken down, the seedling tray which is supplying the seedlings is horizontally moved to an empty normal seedling supply position, the new seedling tray is placed in the empty position again, new connection work is started, and the connection work of the seedling supply chains is realized. The continuous seedling supply method is suitable for transplanting crops with large transplanting row spacing.

As shown in fig. 5, the method for adjusting the width of the chute of the slide way of the chain type seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: loosening the slide way movable side plate fixing bolt 402, taking down the slide way movable side plate 320, increasing or decreasing the number of the flat washers 403 between the slide way flap hanging piece 401 and the lower layer slide way frame 314 according to the width requirement of the slide way sliding groove, inserting the slide way movable side plate 320, tightening the slide way movable side plate fixing bolt 402, and completing the adjustment work of the slide way sliding groove width.

The invention relates to a transplanting depth adjusting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: the height of the press roller 109 is adjusted to control the ground clearance of the chain seedling pot transplanter, so that the preliminary control of the transplanting depth is realized; adjusting a pull rod bolt position adjusting nut 307 on the lower layer slide rail hanging frame 112 to change the inclination angle of the slide rail, and simultaneously adjusting the position of the soil covering wheel 317 in a matching manner to realize fine adjustment control of the transplanting depth.

The invention relates to a transplanting row spacing adjusting method of a chain seedling pot transplanter, which comprises the following steps: the transplanting row spacing of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is determined by the distance between two adjacent slideways; loosening the U-shaped bolts 323 of the hanging rack, loosening the fixing bolts 204 of the seedling pot guide grooves, hooking the cross beam 114 along the lower-layer slide way, synchronously moving the lower-layer seedling pot guide grooves 116 and the lower-layer slide way hanging rack 112, screwing the U-shaped bolts 323 of the hanging rack and screwing the fixing bolts 204 of the seedling pot guide grooves after the distance between two adjacent slide ways meets the requirement of the transplanting row spacing, and completing the transplanting row spacing adjustment work of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

The invention relates to a water application method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator 121 through the water inlet 120, air is discharged through the air outlet valve 122, the pressurized water flows out from the water outlet 201 after the pressure of the water separator 121 is balanced, the flow is regulated through the ball valve 202, the pressurized water enters the inner cavity of the slideway rack 314 through the water delivery hose 205 directly extending into the water injection hole 207 and finally flows into a transplanting ditch between the soil loosening plough tip 311 and a slideway extension plate 313 at the tail end of the slideway, and the continuous water application operation is completed; the method is suitable for close planting and transplanting operation with small plant spacing.

The invention discloses another water application method of a chain seedling pot transplanting machine, which comprises the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator 121 through the water inlet 120, air is exhausted through the exhaust valve 122, the pressurized water is balanced by the water separator 121 and then flows out of the water outlet 201, the flow is regulated through the ball valve 202, an intermittent water flow is generated after being controlled through the electromagnetic valve 206, the intermittent water flow enters the inner cavity of the slideway frame 314 and finally flows into a transplanting ditch between the soil loosening plough tip 311 and a slideway extension plate 313 at the tail end of the slideway, and the fixed-point water application operation is completed to save the water consumption; the method is suitable for large-area transplanting operation of large-plant-spacing crops in a large field.

Fig. 7 shows the flat planting transplanting effect of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine of the invention, and the method comprises the following steps: taking down the furrow plough 110, adjusting the height of the press roller 109 according to the agricultural requirements of crops, reasonably arranging the number of the seedling pot transplanting devices on each layer, adjusting the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, selecting a water applying method, and starting the transplanting operation in a parallel cropping mode.

Fig. 8 shows the ridge culture transplanting effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter, and the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the spacing distance and the height of the furrow plough 110, the height of the press roller 109, the number of the seedling pot transplanting devices on each layer, the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanter and selecting a water application method according to the ridge farming agricultural requirements; during transplanting operation, the ditching plough 110 ditches the earth surface and piles soil, the press roller 109 rolls and shapes the raised soil to form a furrow shape meeting planting requirements, and the seedling pot transplanting device transplants the seedling pot onto a ridge platform to complete transplanting operation in a ridge culture mode.

Fig. 9 shows the transplanting effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter in the furrow, and the method comprises the following steps: taking down the press roller 109, adjusting the spacing distance and height of the furrow plough 110 according to the agricultural requirements of furrow making, replacing the lower layer slideway 111 with the upper layer slideway 113, adjusting the transplanting depth and transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, and selecting a water application method; during the transplanting operation, the ditching plow 110 ditches and piles the soil on the ground surface to form a furrow shape meeting the planting requirement, and the seedling pot transplanting device transplants the seedling pot into the furrow to complete the transplanting operation in a furrow operation mode.

Fig. 10 shows the interplanting transplanting effect of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine, and the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the transplanting row spacing and the transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to the interplanting agricultural and technical requirements, and selecting a water applying method; during transplanting operation, according to the interplanting requirement, putting a seedling tray for seedling cultivation of crops to be subjected to interplanting planting into the seedling pot transplanting device for performing interplanting planting, and then according to a normal transplanting method, completing transplanting operation in a interplanting mode.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a chain seedling alms bowl transplanter which characterized in that: the seedling pot transplanting machine is of a multilayer structure, is provided with a plurality of layers of seedling pot transplanting devices, and conveys chained seedling pots in a slideway mode, and comprises a rack, a soil preparation device, a seedling tray storage rack, a seedling pot transplanting device and a water applying device;

the frame consists of a big frame (108), an upper hanging point (104), a lower hanging point (107), a protective guard (103), a grid pedal (505), slideway hanging beams (114, 118) and beam fixing upright posts (115);

the soil preparation device consists of a ditching plow (110) and a press roller (109);

the seedling tray storage racks (101, 102) are grid frames formed by welding rectangular steel pipes and flat steel and are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer;

the seedling pot transplanting device adopts a multilayer structure, a plurality of layers of slide ways are arranged in a staggered manner, the structure of each layer of seedling pot transplanting device is the same, and the seedling pot transplanting device consists of seedling tray supporting plates (105, 106), seedling pot guide grooves (116, 119), slide way hangers (112, 117) and slide ways (111, 113);

the water application device consists of a water separator (121), a water delivery hose (205), a ball valve (202) and an electromagnetic valve (206).

2. The chain type seedling pot transplanter according to claim 1, wherein:

the large frame (108) is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, the rectangular steel pipes on two sides of the large frame (108) extend backwards, the tail end of the large frame is provided with a beam fixing upright post (115), and two ends of the beam fixing upright post (115) are welded with clamping plates which form a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane;

the slideway hanging beams (114, 118) are rectangular steel pipes, and each layer of seedling pot transplanting device is provided with one.

3. The chain type seedling pot transplanter according to claim 1, wherein:

the seedling tray supporting plates (105, 106) are composed of panels and brackets, and all the slideways on the same layer share one seedling tray supporting plate; the bracket is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, a straight notch (203) with two ends of equal length enlarged into round holes is formed in the side surface of the rectangular steel pipe forming the rear frame of the bracket, and the bolt head of the bolt is clamped in the straight notch (203) through the round holes;

the seedling pot guide grooves (116, 119) are formed by processing metal sheets, and the front ends of the seedling pot guide grooves are open, the side fence curved surfaces, the bottom planes and the rear ends of the seedling pot guide grooves are declined; the lower edge of the front end of the seedling pot guide groove (116, 119) is downwards provided with a metal plate side rail and a round hole; the front end side rail is a horn-shaped curved surface with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, a tongue-shaped vertical plate extends forwards, and the lower edge of the tongue-shaped vertical plate is attached to the plane of the seedling tray supporting plate (105, 106); the rear ends of the seedling pot guide grooves (116, 119) are declined at a certain angle, the side fences at the two sides are smoothly connected with the side fence at the front end, the lower edge extends backwards out of the tongue-shaped flat plate, and the tongue-shaped flat plate extends into the slide ways (111, 113);

the slide rail hanging rack (112, 117) is composed of a hanging rack base (303), a pull rod bolt fixing seat (304), a hanging rack U-shaped bolt (323), a hanging rack hanging piece (322) and a spring pull rod, wherein the hanging rack base (303) is a steel plate with four round holes, and the pull rod bolt fixing seat (304) is welded below the hanging rack base (303); the hanger hanging piece (322) is welded on the hanger U-shaped bolt (323); the spring pull rod consists of a pull rod bolt (308), a spring (305), a flat washer and a nut, is fixed on a pull rod bolt fixing seat (304), and is connected with the pull rod bolt connecting seat (302) through a pin A (309); the spring pull rod is provided with a pull rod bolt position adjusting nut (307) and a spring pressure adjusting nut (306).

4. The chain type seedling pot transplanter according to claim 1, wherein:

the slide ways (111, 113) are composed of a slide way frame (314), a slide way fixed side plate (319), a slide way movable side plate (320), a slide way extension plate (313), a furrow opener and a soil covering device;

the slideway rack (314) is formed by welding rectangular steel pipes, the front end of the slideway rack is welded with a connecting plate, the connecting plate is provided with an upper round hole and a lower round hole, the upper hole forms a slideway hanging point (301), and the lower hole forms a pull rod bolt connecting seat (302); a water injection hole (207) is formed in the side face of the position, close to the rear, of the slide way frame (314), and the water delivery hose (205) is inserted into the water injection hole (207); a downward rectangular steel pipe is welded at the position, close to the rear, of the slide way frame (314) to form a fixed upright post (312) of the furrow opener;

a slideway fixed side plate (319) and a slideway movable side plate (320) are arranged on two sides of the slideway frame (314) and form a chute together with the upper plane of the slideway frame (314); the slideway fixing side plate (319) is a metal sheet, the upper edge of the slideway fixing side plate is welded to the side surface of the slideway frame (314) where the water injection hole (207) is located; the slideway movable side plate (320) is composed of a slideway movable side plate (404) and a slideway movable hanging plate (401), the slideway movable side plate (404) is formed by a metal sheet metal, and the slideway movable side plate is a tongue-shaped vertical plate which is bent outwards along the sheet metal edge and the front edge of the sheet metal; the slideway movable plate hanging piece (401) is a groove-shaped sheet metal part, the upper half part of the sheet metal part is provided with an outwards turned long side rail and the lower half part of the sheet metal part is provided with a short side rail, and the bottom surface of the groove is provided with a forked mounting hole of a downward gap; the slideway movable side plate fixing bolt (402) is threaded with a certain number of flat washers (403), and the slideway movable side plate hanging piece (401) is fixed in the middle of the flat washers (403);

the slide way extension plate (313) is an arc thin steel plate, is welded to the upper edge of the rear end of the slide way frame (314), and is smoothly connected with the upper plane of the slide way frame (314);

the soil discharging device (315) is composed of two metal sheet metal parts and is welded on two sides of the slide way frame (314), the front edge of the metal sheet is welded on a fixed upright post (312) of the opener of the slide way frame (314), the lower edge of the metal sheet is flush with the lower edge of the fixed upright post (312) of the opener, and the inner side of the metal sheet is welded and fixed with the slide way frame (314); an edge rail is formed on the upper edge of the metal sheet along the outward metal plate, a soil covering device fixing seat (316) is welded on the upper plane of the edge rail, and a circular hole and a circular arc notch concentric with the circular hole are formed in the soil covering device fixing seat (316).

5. The chain type seedling pot transplanter according to claim 1, wherein:

the water separator (121) is a cylindrical tank body and is provided with a water inlet (120), an exhaust valve (122) and a plurality of water outlets (201); the water delivery hose (205) is directly inserted into the water injection hole (207) after being connected with the water outlet (201) of the water separator (121) through the ball valve (202); the electromagnetic valve (206) is optionally arranged, and the water delivery hose (205) is disconnected to be connected with the electromagnetic valve (206) at a position close to the water injection hole (207).

6. A using method of a chain seedling pot transplanter is characterized in that: the method comprises a chain seedling pot continuous seedling supply method, a slideway sliding groove width adjusting method, a transplanting depth adjusting method, a transplanting line spacing adjusting method, a water applying method, a horizontal cropping transplanting method, a ridge cropping transplanting method, a furrow cropping transplanting method and a relay cropping transplanting method.

7. The use method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that:

a chain seedling pot continuous seedling supply method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: when the distance between two seedling trays normally supplying seedlings in the seedling tray supporting plates (105, 106) is larger than the width of one seedling tray, a new seedling tray is placed on a vacant position beside the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings, a seedling pot chain tail part joint is pulled out from the back of the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings and is connected with a seedling pot chain head part joint in the new seedling tray, when the seedling pots in the seedling tray normally supplying the seedlings use light, the seedling pots in the new seedling tray start to be pulled out in sequence, the vacant seedling tray is immediately taken down, the seedling tray supplying the seedlings is horizontally moved to an empty normal seedling supplying position, the new seedling tray is placed at the empty position again, new connecting work is started, and the connecting work of the seedling supplying chains is realized.

8. The use method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that:

the method for adjusting the width of the slide chute of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: loosening the slide way movable side plate fixing bolt (402), taking down the slide way movable side plate (320), increasing or decreasing the number of flat washers (403) between the slide way movable hanging piece (401) and the slide way frame (314) according to the width requirement of the slide way sliding groove, inserting the slide way movable side plate (320), tightening the slide way movable side plate fixing bolt (402), and completing the adjustment work of the slide way sliding groove width;

the transplanting depth adjusting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: the height of a press roller (109) is adjusted to control the ground clearance of the chain seedling pot transplanter, so that the preliminary control of the transplanting depth is realized; adjusting a pull rod bolt position adjusting nut (307) on a lower layer slide way hanging rack (112), changing the inclination angle of the slide way, and simultaneously adjusting the position of the soil covering wheel (317) in a matching way to realize fine adjustment control of the transplanting depth;

the transplanting row spacing adjusting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: the transplanting row spacing of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine is determined by the distance between two adjacent slideways; loosening the U-shaped bolts (323) of the hanging racks, loosening the fixing bolts (204) of the seedling pot guide grooves, hanging the cross beams (114 and 118) along the slide ways, synchronously moving the seedling pot guide grooves (116 and 119) and the slide way hanging racks (112 and 117), screwing the U-shaped bolts (323) of the hanging racks after the distance between two adjacent slide ways meets the requirement of the transplanting row spacing, screwing the fixing bolts (204) of the seedling pot guide grooves, and completing the transplanting row spacing adjustment work of the chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.

9. The use method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that:

the water applying method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine comprises the following steps: the pressurized water enters a water distributor (121) through a water inlet (120), air is discharged through an exhaust valve (122), the water is balanced in pressure by the water distributor (121) and then flows out of a water outlet (201), the flow is regulated through a ball valve (202), the water enters an inner cavity of a slideway frame (314) through a water delivery hose (205) directly extending into a water injection hole (207), and finally flows into a transplanting ditch between a soil loosening plough tip (311) and a slideway extension plate (313), so that continuous water application operation is completed;

the other water applying method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine comprises the following steps: pressurized water enters a water distributor (121) through a water inlet (120), air is discharged through an exhaust valve (122), the water is balanced in pressure by the water distributor (121) and then flows out of a water outlet (201), the flow is regulated through a ball valve (202), then intermittent water flow is generated under the control of an electromagnetic valve (206) arranged at a position close to a water injection hole (207), the intermittent water flow enters an inner cavity of a slideway frame (314), and finally flows into a transplanting ditch between a soil loosening plough tip (311) and a slideway extension plate (313) to finish fixed-point water application operation.

10. The use method of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that:

the flat-planting transplanting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: taking down the furrow plough (110), adjusting the height of the press roller (109) according to the agricultural requirements of crops, reasonably arranging the number of the seedling pot transplanting devices on each layer, adjusting the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, selecting a water applying method, and starting the transplanting operation in a parallel cropping mode;

the ridge culture transplanting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: adjusting the spacing distance and height of a ditching plow (110) and the height of a press roller (109) according to the agricultural requirements of ridge culture, reasonably arranging the number of transplanting devices of each layer of seedling pots, adjusting the transplanting depth and transplanting row spacing of a transplanter, selecting a water application method, wherein during transplanting operation, the ditching plow (110) ditches the earth surface and piles soil, the press roller (109) rolls and shapes the raised soil to form a furrow shape meeting the planting requirements, and the seedling pot transplanting devices transplant the seedling pots onto ridge platforms to complete the transplanting operation in a ridge culture mode;

the furrow-planting transplanting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: taking down the press roller (109), adjusting the spacing distance and the height of the ditching plow (110) according to the agricultural requirements of ditching, replacing the lower layer slideway (111) with the upper layer slideway (113), adjusting the transplanting depth and the transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, selecting a water application method, wherein during transplanting operation, the ditching plow (110) performs ditching and soil piling operation, ditching and piling soil on the ground surface to form a furrow shape meeting the planting requirements, and transplanting seedling pots into furrows by a seedling pot transplanting device to complete the transplanting operation in a ditching mode;

the relay cropping transplanting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter comprises the following steps: adjusting the transplanting row spacing and transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanting machine according to the interplanting agronomic requirements, selecting a water application method, putting a seedling tray for seedling cultivation of crops to be intercropped and planted in a seedling pot transplanting device for intercropping according to the intercropping requirements during transplanting operation, and then completing the transplanting operation in an intercropping mode according to a normal transplanting method.