CN106879265B

CN106879265B - Corn stalk inter-row returning machine

Info

Publication number: CN106879265B
Application number: CN201710059543.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 岳现录; 贾建军; 吴宝山; 张斌; 刘立意; 尧水红; 张月玲
Original assignee: Northeast Agricultural University; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Current assignee: Northeast Agricultural University; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Priority date: 2017-01-24
Filing date: 2017-01-24
Publication date: 2023-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-24
Also published as: CN106879265A

Abstract

The invention relates to a corn straw inter-row returning machine, in particular to an agricultural machine which can promote straw decomposition and improve crop emergence rate and can return corn straws to the inter-row. The main structure of the corn straw inter-row returning machine is as follows: the lower part of the front side of the frame is connected with a group of straw distributing devices, the height of a distributing plate is adjustable, the straw is pushed into a strip shape according to a plan by the distributing devices, six furrow plows are arranged right behind the distributing devices and are obliquely arranged towards the lower right, and after the furrow plows, nitrogen fertilizer and decomposition agent are uniformly sprinkled on the straw through corresponding conveying devices, and then the straw is buried by the furrow plows. Connect the land roller behind the straw nitrogenous fertilizer hopper, the soil of ploughing is via the land roller suppression, behind the land roller, accessible regulating spring and land wheel support frame foundation adjust the land wheel height. The foremost end of the machine frame is connected with a traction frame and is pulled by a tractor.

Description

Corn stalk inter-row returning machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural cultivation machinery, in particular to agricultural machinery for returning corn straws to rows.

Background

During the corn planting and production process, a large amount of straws can be produced. The traditional straw treatment method is to feed livestock or burn and burn the straws, and the latter can cause serious environmental pollution. Due to the rapid development of economy, the change of planting and breeding structures and the improvement of the level of agricultural organization in China in recent years, the straw treatment mode is greatly changed, and the general trend is to change to the direction of environment-friendly comprehensive utilization of straws. Straw returning is one of the main utilization modes, can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil, save resources and energy, reduce environmental pollution, and is more and more emphasized in the global scope.

After the corn is harvested, the conventional method for returning the straws to the field is to crush the straws and mix or turn the straws into plough layer soil through agricultural machinery equipment such as a rotary cultivator or a furrow plough. The traditional operation mode is adopted for cultivation, and the thickness of the soil plough layer of most farmlands in China is only 10-15cm. The corn as a crop with large biomass generates a great amount of straws in each season; the corn straws are smashed and returned to the topsoil, the surface soil volume weight can be greatly reduced, the soil air permeability is increased, the water and fertilizer retention performance of the topsoil is seriously reduced, and the crop emergence rate is low and the yield is reduced. Most importantly: the traditional straw returning method needs a plurality of machines to respectively complete corresponding steps, has high operation difficulty, causes serious resource waste and is difficult to be widely applied or popularized.

In practice, aiming at the problems, an agricultural mechanical device which can lay straws on the surface of a farmland in a strip shape, then bury the straws in soil in a strip shape, add substances which help straw decomposition such as a solid nitrogen fertilizer decomposition agent and the like into the straw, and simultaneously does not influence normal cultivation and returns the straws to the field once is particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and solve the problems of straw returning, the invention aims to provide an agricultural machine for returning corn straws to the field between lines, which can promote straw decomposition and improve the crop emergence rate.

The above-mentioned problems are solved by the following mechanical design:

a corn straw inter-row field returning machine comprises a frame, a straw distributing device connected with the frame, a furrow plough, a nitrogen fertilizer hopper, a nitrogen fertilizer conveying device, a decomposition agent feed box, a decomposition agent conveying device, a roller and a land wheel; the straw distributing device is arranged below the front side of the rack and used for distributing straws into strips; a furrow plough is arranged behind the straw distributing device; a nitrogen fertilizer hopper and a decomposition agent bin are arranged above the frame, a nitrogen fertilizer conveying device is arranged below the nitrogen fertilizer hopper, a decomposition agent conveying device is arranged below the decomposition agent bin, and the nitrogen fertilizer conveying device and the decomposition agent conveying device convey the nitrogen fertilizer and the decomposition agent to the front end of the furrow plough; a roller is arranged below the rack behind the nitrogen fertilizer hopper, and a land wheel is arranged below the rack behind the roller; the foremost end of the frame is connected with a traction frame.

Furthermore, the straw distribution device is composed of a pair of distribution plates, wherein the lower ends of the distribution plates are in a rake shape, the upper ends of the distribution plates are in a solid shape, the top ends of the distribution plates are connected, the distribution plates are inclined outwards from the inner side surfaces of the distribution plates, the distribution plates are fixed on the front section of the rack through U-shaped bolts matched with seat sleeves, and the heights of the distribution plates can be adjusted.

Furthermore, a first furrow plough is arranged right behind the straw distribution device, the number of the furrow ploughs is selected to be integral multiple of 3, the first furrow plough is used for fixing the frame of the furrow plough to be obliquely arranged towards the right lower side, each following furrow plough is sequentially arranged towards the next plough body in the horizontal direction, the transverse vertical distance of the plane where two adjacent furrow ploughs in the vertical direction are positioned can be adjusted according to the actual condition, the plane is fixed at the lower end of the frame by a U-shaped bolt matched with a seat sleeve, and the height of each furrow plough can be adjusted.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer hopper is a solid nitrogen fertilizer hopper, and the decomposition agent bin is a liquid decomposition agent bin.

Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer conveying device comprises a fertilizer conveying pipe which is supported and fixed by a fertilizer conveying pipe supporting rod fixedly connected with the rack.

Furthermore, the decomposition agent feed box is arranged in front of the furrow plough, the decomposition agent conveying device comprises a support frame, a gear pump, a transfusion guide pipe and a high-pressure spray head, wherein the support frame is fixed on the rack and connected with the decomposition agent feed box, the gear pump is arranged at the bottom of the decomposition agent feed box, the transfusion guide pipe is communicated with the decomposition agent feed box, and the high-pressure spray head is arranged at the tail end of the transfusion guide pipe.

Furthermore, the frame is connected with the land wheel through a land wheel support and a support base, and the height of the land wheel can be adjusted through an adjusting spring and the land wheel support base.

Further, the compacting machine is fixed on the rack through a U-shaped bolt and a seat sleeve.

The beneficial effects of the invention are: the machine for returning the straws to the field between the corn rows can lay the straws on the surface soil layer of the farmland in an expected strip shape at one time, and the straws are concentrated in the strip returning field, the returning density is higher, and the auxiliary measures such as applying nitrogen fertilizer, straw decomposition agent, irrigation and the like are matched to promote the straws to be decomposed quickly and release nutrients for the crops to absorb and utilize, shorten the period of converting the straws into soil organic matters and improve the soil fertility level of the farmland quickly. Effectively avoiding the contact of the seeds and the straws during the sowing. The corn is sowed in the straw non-return-to-field area, the porosity and the water retention performance of the soil are not influenced by the straw return-to-field area, the emergence rate of the seeds can be kept, and the crop yield is improved. Saves a large amount of manpower and material resources, enables farmers to more conveniently finish the arduous work of returning the straws to the field at one time, and does not influence the subsequent cultivation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the corn stalk row-to-row returning machine of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the distributing device of the corn stalk row-to-row returning machine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a paved corn stalk strip and a non-stalk return area.

FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of the distributing device and the furrow plough of the corn stalk row-to-row field returning machine of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-hanging frame 2-U-shaped bolt 3-decomposition agent medicine box 4-seat cover 5-nitrogen fertilizer box 6-fertilizer feeding pipe support 7-fertilizer feeding guide pipe 8-gear pump 9-high pressure spray head 10-straw distribution device 11-furrow plough 12-press 13-land wheel 14-spring 15-frame 16-rake distribution plate 17-paved corn straw strip 18-non-straw returning area

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the corn stalk row-to-row returning machine of the present invention. The frame 15 is connected with the land wheel 13 through a land wheel bracket and a bracket base, and the height of the land wheel is adjusted through an adjusting spring 14 and the land wheel bracket base. The foremost end of the frame 15 is connected with the traction frame 1 and is drawn by a tractor.

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the distributing device of the corn stalk row-to-row returning machine of the present invention. In the corn stalk intertidal field returning machine, a group of stalk distribution device 10 is connected to frame 15 front side below, the stalk distribution device by a pair of lower extreme for the rake form, the upper end is solid form, the top meets, dial the branch that the inboard surface of board leaned out and dial the board and constitute, rake branch dials board 16 promptly to fix at the frame anterior segment by 2 cooperation seat covers of U type bolt. The height of the rake dial 16 may be adjustable. The straw distributing device 10 pushes the straws 22.5cm away from the two sides to the two ends of the ground of the laid straws from the middle, the straws are laid on the surface soil layer of the farmland in strips, the width of each strip is 90cm, and the distance between the two strips is 45cm. As shown in FIG. 3, 17 is a swath of laid corn stover, i.e., a straw returning area, and 18 is a non-straw returning area.

FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of the distributing device and the furrow plough of the corn stalk intertidal returning machine of the invention. In the corn straw inter-row field returning machine, a first furrow plough 11 is arranged right behind a straw distributing device 10, and in the embodiment, the number of the furrow ploughs is six, and a frame 15 for fixing the furrow plough is obliquely arranged towards the right rear. Each furrow plough behind the first furrow plough is sequentially arranged one plough body behind the other in the horizontal direction, the plane where two adjacent furrow ploughs are arranged in the vertical direction has the transverse vertical distance of 45cm.

In the corn straw intertillage field returning machine, a nitrogen fertilizer hopper 5 is arranged at the upper end of a frame 15 behind a furrow plough, and a liquid decomposing agent bin 3 is arranged at the upper end of the frame 15 in front of the furrow plough. The nitrogen fertilizer hopper 5 is connected with a nitrogen fertilizer conveying device, and the liquid decomposing agent feed box 3 is connected with a liquid decomposing agent conveying device. The conveying device for the nitrogen fertilizer and the decomposition agent comprises a support frame fixed on the frame and used for fixing a nitrogen fertilizer hopper 5 and a decomposition agent bin 3. And fertilizer conveying guide pipes 7 are arranged below the nitrogen fertilizer hopper 5, each fertilizer conveying guide pipe 7 is supported and fixed by each fertilizer conveying pipe bracket 6, and the fertilizer conveying guide pipes are respectively conveyed to the front end away from each furrow plough to apply nitrogen fertilizer on the straws. The bottom of the liquid decomposing agent feed box 3 is provided with a gear pump 8, an infusion guide pipe is arranged below the liquid decomposing agent feed box 3 and is conveyed to the foremost end of the furrow plough, and the tail end of the infusion guide pipe is provided with a high-pressure spray head 9 for uniformly spraying the decomposing agent on the straws.

The corn straw inter-row field returning machine plows soil through the furrow plough to bury straws and the like, the frame 15 is connected with the roller 12 after the straw nitrogen fertilizer hopper, and the plowed soil is compacted by the roller 12 and is simultaneously loose and solid, so that the field returning machine has a good soil moisture conservation effect.

The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and a person skilled in the art can modify the technical solution of the present invention or substitute the same without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A corn straw inter-row field returning machine is characterized by comprising a frame, a group of straw distributing devices connected with the frame, a furrow plough, a nitrogen fertilizer hopper, a nitrogen fertilizer conveying device, a decomposition agent bin, a decomposition agent conveying device, a roller and a land wheel; the straw distributing device is arranged below the front side of the rack and used for distributing straws into strips; a furrow plough is arranged behind the straw distributing device; a nitrogen fertilizer hopper and a decomposition agent bin are arranged above the frame, a nitrogen fertilizer conveying device is arranged below the nitrogen fertilizer hopper, a decomposition agent conveying device is arranged below the decomposition agent bin, and the nitrogen fertilizer conveying device and the decomposition agent conveying device convey nitrogen fertilizer and decomposition agent to the front end of the furrow plough; a roller is arranged below the rack behind the nitrogen fertilizer hopper, and a land wheel is arranged below the rack behind the roller; the foremost end of the frame is connected with a traction frame; the straw distributing device is composed of a pair of rake distributing plates, the lower ends of which are rake-shaped, the upper ends of which are solid, the top ends of which are connected, the rake distributing plates are inclined outwards from the inner side surfaces of the distributing plates, and the rake distributing plates are fixed on the front section of the rack, and the height of the straw distributing device is adjustable; the straw distributing device pushes the straws on two sides to two ends of the ground where the straws are laid from the middle, and the straws are laid on a farmland surface soil layer in a strip shape; the number of the furrow plows is multiple, the frame for fixing the furrow plows is obliquely arranged towards the right rear, each furrow plow is sequentially arranged towards the back in the horizontal direction, and the transverse vertical distance of the plane where two adjacent furrow plows in the vertical direction are positioned is adjusted according to the actual condition.

2. The corn stalk interline returning to field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw distributing device is fixed on the front section of the frame by a U-shaped bolt matched with a seat sleeve.

3. The corn stalk interline returning to the field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the furrow plough is integral multiple of 3.

4. The corn stalk interline returning to field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the furrow plough is fixed at the lower end of the frame by a U-shaped bolt matched with a seat sleeve, and the height of the furrow plough is adjustable.

5. The corn stalk interline returning to field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen fertilizer hopper is a solid nitrogen fertilizer hopper, and the decomposition agent bin is a liquid decomposition agent bin.

6. The corn stalk interline returning to the field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nitrogen fertilizer conveying device comprises a fertilizer conveying conduit which is supported and fixed by a fertilizer conveying conduit supporting rod fixedly connected with the rack.

7. The corn stalk interline returning to the field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decomposition agent feed box is arranged in front of the furrow plough, the decomposition agent conveying device comprises a support frame, a gear pump, an infusion guide pipe and a high-pressure spray head, wherein the support frame is fixed on the rack and connected with the decomposition agent feed box, the gear pump is arranged at the bottom of the decomposition agent feed box, the infusion guide pipe is communicated with the decomposition agent feed box, and the high-pressure spray head is arranged at the tail end of the infusion guide pipe.

8. The corn stalk interline returning to field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the frame is connected with the land wheel through the land wheel support and the support base, and the height of the land wheel can be adjusted through the adjusting spring and the land wheel support base.

9. The corn stalk interline returning to field machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compacting machine is fixed on the frame by a U-shaped bolt and a seat sleeve.