CN108419551A - A kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents

A kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108419551A
CN108419551A CN201810300355.0A CN201810300355A CN108419551A CN 108419551 A CN108419551 A CN 108419551A CN 201810300355 A CN201810300355 A CN 201810300355A CN 108419551 A CN108419551 A CN 108419551A
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cuttage
cuttings
seedbed
soil
willow
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CN201810300355.0A
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Inventor
何旭东
王伟伟
郑纪伟
唐凌凌
王保松
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Jiangsu Forestry Academy
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Jiangsu Forestry Academy
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Priority to CN201810300355.0A priority Critical patent/CN108419551A/en
Publication of CN108419551A publication Critical patent/CN108419551A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings, belong to xylophyta vegetative propagation field.The cuttage and seedling culture method of the present invention includes the following steps:1) soil is deep ploughed, organic fertilizer, rake it is whole it is thin after make seedbed;2) earth's surface is sprayed with Acetochlor solution on the seedbed, and covers black film;3) 1 year raw branch of clip in 2~March arbor willow is as cuttings;4) cuttings is impregnated into 8~10h in water before cuttage, obtains the cuttings of immersion;5) step 4) the immersion cuttings cuttage is entered into seedbed, the upper end of cuttings is made to be flushed with seedbed soil face.The method of the present invention, cuttings are prepared simply, and mechanical shear item can be directly used;Without watering after cuttage, it is not necessarily to weeding, it is easy to operate without fertilising, it is suitble to crop field large area nursery, and greatly reduce cost of labor, and can guarantee cuttage survival rate 98% or so.

Description

A kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings
Technical field
The invention belongs to xylophyta asexual reproduction method fields, and in particular to a kind of simple cuttage nursery of arbor willow crop field Method.
Background technology
Willow is the general designation of Salix (Salix L.) plant, tree-like grace, and foliation is bloomed morning, and early spring completely sets light green, is main The Landscape Trees wanted.Willow also has the function of harnessing the river, fixes the sand, changes alkali, be afforestation desert, water logging and salt-soda soil weight The important composition seeds of seeds and Timber stands are wanted, there is very high ecology and economic value.In North America and Europe, willow is also It is the Tree Species as Bio-energy with strategic importance.
The seedling raising manners of current willow are mainly cuttage and seedling culture, and common methods include:1. cuttings is acquired and is prepared:Rest period Seed collecting item, raw branch is adopted down in autumn within optional 1~2 year, through outdoor sand storage, or is set shady spot and has been buried with wet sand spare, carrys out spring pruning fringe. If planting, acquisition time is longer, and cuttings has phenomenon of losing water, can first soak before cuttage 1~2 day (being preferred with flowing water), then skewer It inserts, survival rate can improve.2. cuttage:Common is ridge culture, uniline or duplicate rows cuttage.15~20 centimetres of uniline cuttage spacing in the rows; Duplicate rows cuttage line-spacing is 20 centimetres, and 10~20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cuttage is poured water immediately, so that soil is reckoned the actual amount after a discount and is touched with cuttings, favorably In surviving.3. weeding:Warm season turf growth is rapid, with a large amount of competition for nutrients of seedling, such as uses herbicide spray, encounters seedling meeting It causes death, needs largely artificial multiple weeding.4. applying fertilizer:If you need to obtain level-one strong sprout (ground diameter 3cm, height of seedling 3.5m), the later stage needs Carry out multiple top dressing.It can be seen that traditional willow cuttage and seedling culture mode program is complicated, precision management is needed, and needs are a large amount of artificial, no It is suitble to large area operation.
Invention content
In view of this, complicated in order to solve crop field willow nursery cuttage program, operation difficulty is big, and high labor cost survives Rate is not high, the low problem of level-one seedling rate, and the method that the present invention provides a kind of simple cuttage nursery of arbor willow crop field is not necessarily to after cuttage Watering does not have to weeding and fertilising, largely reduces recruitment, on the basis of ensureing survival rate, simplifies cuttage and seedling culture step, reduction at This, and greatly improve level-one seedling rate.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of willow crop field cuttage and seedling culture methods, include the following steps:
1) soil is deep ploughed, organic fertilizer, rake it is whole it is thin after make seedbed;
2) overlay film after spraying earth's surface with Acetochlor solution on the seedbed;
3) 1 year raw branch of clip in 2~April is as cuttings;
4) cuttings is impregnated into 8~10h in water before cuttage, obtains the cuttings of immersion;
5) cuttings cuttage after the step 4) immersion is entered to the seedbed after step 2) overlay film, makes upper end and the seedbed soil of cuttings Face flushes.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.5~3 tons/mu.
Preferably, ditching between the step 1) seedbed, 30~50cm of furrow width, 25~40cm of ditch depth.
Preferably, the mu amount of spraying of step 2) the Acetochlor solution is to be converted with 90% 180~200ml of acetochlor ec Water 15kg.
Preferably, a diameter of 0.8~1.2cm of the step 3) cuttings.
Preferably, the length of the cuttings is 10~15cm.
Preferably, the seeding row spacing of the step 5) cuttage is (25~35) cm × (50~70) cm.
Willow crop field provided by the invention cuttage and seedling culture method, cuttings are prepared simply, and mechanical shear item such as can be directly used;And Since in crop field seedbed overlay film, without weeding, recruitment is reduced without watering, seedling stage after cuttage.Embodiment the result shows that, It is 98% or more that its cuttage survival rate is counted when cuttage seedling 20cm, and it is 90% or more to count its level-one seedling rate in the second year spring (ground diameter 3cm, height 3.5m).
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is seedbed overlay film figure;
Fig. 2 is the seedbed after cuttage;
Fig. 3 be cuttage seedling after scheme.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings, include the following steps:
1) soil is deep ploughed, organic fertilizer, rake it is whole it is thin after make seedbed;
2) overlay film after spraying earth's surface with Acetochlor solution on the seedbed;
3) 1 year raw branch of clip in 2~April arbor willow is as cuttings;
4) cuttings is impregnated into 8~10h in water before cuttage, obtains the cuttings of immersion;
5) cuttings cuttage after the step 4) immersion is entered to the seedbed after step 2) overlay film, makes upper end and the seedbed soil of cuttings Face flushes.
In the present invention, will wait for that nursery soil is deep ploughed, organic fertilizer, rake it is whole it is thin after make seedbed.In the present invention to soil Ground type does not have special restriction, any kind of soil that can complete the present invention, and the soil can be fertile soil, It can also be normal soil, can also be salt-soda soil, the salt-soda soil is preferably coastal waters salt-soda soil, and more preferably 1~3 ‰ Coastal waters salt-soda soil.The soil is preferably deep ploughed with tractor, and the depth-first of the deep ploughing is 30~40cm;It is described to have The sowing amount of machine fertilizer is preferably 1.5~3 tons/mu, more preferably 1.8~2.5 tons/mu, most preferably 2 tons/mu.In this hair In bright, the organic fertilizer is preferably cake fertilizer, compost, makes compost, is in barnyard manure and natural pond fertilizer one or more, more preferably compost and One or both of barnyard manure, most preferably compost;It is residual that the compost is preferably all kinds of tangerine stalks, fallen leaves, green grass, animals and plants Body, human and animal excreta are fermented to be formed.
In the present invention, the whole thin preferred tractor of raking, as long as soil does not have large clod.In the present invention, Several seedbeds, each seedbed preferred wide 1.5~3m, more preferably wide 2m are formed on waiting for nursery soil;The seedbed is excellent High 25~40cm of choosing, preferred high 28~32cm;It is preferable to provide ditch between the seedbed, the ditch preferred deep 25~ 40cm, preferred deep 28~32cm, most preferably depth 30cm;The ditch preferred wide 30~50cm, it is preferred wide by 35 ~45cm, most preferred width 40cm.
After forming seedbed, overlay film after spraying earth's surface with Acetochlor solution on the seedbed.In the present invention, the second grass Amine is preferably 90% acetochlor ec, dosage preferably per acre 180~200ml of described 90% acetochlor ec, more It is preferably watered spraying earth's surface after 10~20kg, it is described to be watered preferably 15kg.In the present invention, to spray Acetochlor molten Overlay film, the overlay film preferably cover color plastic film for agricultural use immediately after liquid, and the color plastic film for agricultural use is more preferably black agricultural membrane;The agriculture Film preferred wide 2.0~3.0m, preferred width 2.5m.In the present invention, overlay film can not only be retained, inhibit the growth of grass, On salt-soda soil, also has the effect of pressing salt, reduce saline and alkaline, be more suitable for the growth of willow cuttage seeding.
The present invention 2~March 1 year raw branch of clip as cuttings.In the present invention, the cuttings is preferably in cuttage Preceding 1~5 day clip;When the cutting time is late Febuary, preferred 5 days clips before cuttage;The cutting time is 3 When the middle of the month, preferred 1 day clip before cuttage.In the present invention, the clip, preferably artificial clip or bar shears are cut It takes;The cuttings is 1 year raw willow branch, the preferred thick 0.8~1.2cm of the branch, more preferably thick 0.9~1.1cm, most Preferred thick 1.0cm;The branch is preferably no disease and pests harm, robust growth and does not sprout.
In the present invention, the stage casing of the branch is selected to be cut into cuttings, the cuttings preferably grows 10~15cm, more preferably It is long 11~13cm, most preferred long 12cm;Without considering bud number;The both ends of the cuttings are preferably flat mouth.At this In invention, to the bud number in cuttings, there is no particular determinations, and whether there is or not buds can be used as cuttings.
The cuttings is impregnated into 8~10h in water before cuttage, obtains the cuttings of immersion.In the present invention, when the immersion, Bud impregnates upward, and the immersion can make the moisture for having sufficient in cuttings, meets the moisture supply before taking root.
After the immersion, the immersion cuttings cuttage is entered seedbed described in above-mentioned technical proposal by the present invention, makes the upper of cuttings End is flushed with seedbed soil face.In the present invention, agricultural film is preferably first smash out aperture with cuttings, then will inserted again by the cuttage Branch is preferably fully inserted into soil with the isoplanar object of spade from straight cutting soil in hole, ensures the upper end of cutting by fringe again It is flushed with native face, reduces cutting dehydration.When the cuttage, setting seeding row spacing is preferably (25~35) cm × (50~70) cm, Preferred 30cm × 60cm.
In the present invention, cuttings starts to sprout for 15 days or so, and black film is preferably open by part coppice shoot relatively close to black film Slightly expand a bit, it is ensured that coppice shoot does not contact black film, in coppice shoot growth course, without watering, pays attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, of the invention Described in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control be not particularly limited, utilize the conventional prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control means in this field.In the present invention, Cuttings starts to sprout for 15 days or so, and germination rate reaches 98% or more after 20 days, can grow into 20 centimeters within 35 days or so, without moving It plants.
Willow crop field provided by the invention cottage method is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but cannot be They are interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Cutting time:Late Febuary;
Seedbed preparation:It in fertile soil ground, is deep ploughed to soil with tractor before cuttage, applies 2 ton/mu organic fertilizers, It rakes whole thin, makes the seedbed of 2m wide, furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm;With 90% acetochlor ec 180mL before cuttage, it is watered 15kg Uniform spraying earth's surface;Then wide 2.5 meters of black agricultural membranes are covered.
Cuttings prepares:Choose no disease and pests harm, robust growth, 1 year raw 1cm of arbor willow for not sprouting or so willow within 5 days before cuttage Branch item selects the cutting that long 12cm is cut into the middle part of branch, and both ends are flat mouth, can make cutting with bar shears;It, will before cuttage Cutting bud impregnates 8h in water upward.
Cuttage:Black film is first smash into open aperture with branch, then by cutting from straight cutting in hole into soil in (pay attention to bud have to court On), cutting is fully inserted into soil with spade isoplanar object, ensures that the upper end of cutting is flushed with native face.Seeding row spacing is 30cm×60cm。
Final-period management:After cutting is sprouted, black film need to be open and slightly expand a bit, really relatively close to black film by part coppice shoot It protects coppice shoot and does not contact black film.Without weeding of watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is paid attention to.
It is counted when 20 centimeters of height of seedling, cuttage survival rate is 98% or more;The second year spring counts seedlings specification, level-one seedling Rate is 94% or more.
Embodiment 2
Cutting time:Mid-March;
Seedbed preparation:It on common soil, is deep ploughed to soil with tractor before cuttage, applies 2 ton/mu organic fertilizers, It rakes whole thin, makes the seedbed of 2m wide, furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm;With 90% acetochlor ec 200mL before cuttage, it is watered 15kg Uniform spraying earth's surface;Then wide 2.5 meters of black agricultural membranes are covered.
Cutting prepares:Choose no disease and pests harm, robust growth, 1 year raw 1cm of arbor willow for not sprouting or so willow within 1 day before cuttage Branch item selects the cutting that long 12cm is cut into the middle part of branch, and both ends are flat mouth, can make cutting with bar shears.It, will before cuttage Cutting bud impregnates 10h in water upward.
Cuttage:Black film is first smash into open aperture with branch, then by cutting from straight cutting in hole into soil in (pay attention to bud have to court On), cutting is fully inserted into soil with spade isoplanar object, ensures that the upper end of cutting is flushed with native face.Seeding row spacing is 30cm×60cm。
Final-period management:After cutting is sprouted, black film need to be open and slightly expand a bit, really relatively close to black film by part coppice shoot It protects coppice shoot and does not contact black film.Without weeding of watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is paid attention to.
20 centimeters of height of seedling is counted, and cuttage survival rate is 98% or more.The second year spring counts seedlings specification, level-one seedling rate It is 92% or more.
Embodiment 3
Cutting time:Mid-March;
Seedbed preparation:On the salt-soda soil of salt content 2 ‰, deep ploughed to soil with tractor before cuttage, 2 tons of application/ Mu organic fertilizer rakes whole thin, makes the seedbed of 2m wide, furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm;With 90% acetochlor ec 200mL before cuttage, It is watered the uniform spraying earth's surfaces of 15kg;Then wide 2.5 meters of black agricultural membranes are covered.
Cutting prepares:Choose no disease and pests harm, robust growth, 1 year raw 1cm of arbor willow for not sprouting or so willow within 1 day before cuttage Branch item selects the cutting that long 12cm is cut into the middle part of branch, and both ends are flat mouth, can make cutting with bar shears.It, will before cuttage Cutting bud impregnates 10h in water upward.
Cuttage:Black film is first smash into open aperture with branch, then by cutting from straight cutting in hole into soil in (pay attention to bud have to court On), cutting is fully inserted into soil with spade isoplanar object, ensures that the upper end of cutting is flushed with native face.Seeding row spacing is 30cm×60cm。
Final-period management:After cutting is sprouted, black film need to be open and slightly expand a bit, really relatively close to black film by part coppice shoot It protects coppice shoot and does not contact black film.Without weeding of watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is paid attention to.
20 centimeters of height of seedling is counted, and cuttage survival rate is 98% or more.The second year spring counts seedlings specification, level-one seedling rate It is 90% or more.
Reference examples 1
Cutting time:Mid-March;
Seedbed preparation:It on rich soil, is deep ploughed to soil with tractor before cuttage, applies 2 ton/mu organic fertilizers, rake It is smooth thin, make the seedbed of 2m wide, furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm.
Cutting prepares:Choose no disease and pests harm, robust growth, 1 year raw 1cm not sprouting or so willow branch within 3 days before cuttage, The cutting of long 15cm is cut into the middle part of selection branch, each cuttings stays 3~4 buds, upper clip truncation, lower clip to chamfer the shape of a hoof, With sharp cuttage.Before cuttage, cutting bud is impregnated into 15h in water upward.
Cuttage:Cutting straight cutting (is noticed that bud is had to upward) into soil, upper clip put down in ground or be above the ground level 0.5~ The exposed ground 1.0cm, i.e. terminal bud is advisable.Seeding row spacing is 30cm × 120cm.
Final-period management:After cutting is sprouted, hoe up weeds loosening the soil in time, prevents weeds from fighting for moisture, nutrient, later stage with nursery stock It is appropriate to carry out top dressing, promote nursery stock fast-growth, pays attention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
20 centimeters of height of seedling is counted, cuttage survival rate 85%.The second year spring counts seedlings specification, and level-one seedling rate is 75% or more.
As seen from the above embodiment, crop field willow cottage method provided by the invention, cuttings are prepared simply, and machine can be directly used Tool cuts item;Without watering after cuttage, it is not necessarily to weeding, it is easy to operate without fertilising, it is suitble to the operation of crop field large area, greatly subtracts It is few artificial, and can guarantee cuttage survival rate 98% or more, 90% or more level-one seedling rate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings, includes the following steps:
1) soil is deep ploughed, organic fertilizer, rake it is whole it is thin after make seedbed;
2) on the seedbed with covering black film after Acetochlor spray solution earth's surface;
3) 1 year raw branch of clip in 2~March arbor willow is as cuttings;
4) cuttings is impregnated into skewer inserting step 2 after 8~10h in water) seedbed after overlay film, make the upper end and seedbed of cuttings Native face flushes.
2. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing amount of the organic fertilizer is 1.5~3 Ton/mu.
3. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ditching between the step 1) seedbed, furrow width 30~50cm, 25~40cm of ditch depth.
4. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mu of step 2) the Acetochlor solution sprays Amount is to be watered 15kg with 90% 180~200ml of acetochlor ec.
5. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3) the arbor willow cuttings it is a diameter of 0.8~1.2cm.
6. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the length of the cuttings is 10~15cm.
7. cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seeding row spacing of the step 5) cuttage is (25 ~35) cm × (50~70) cm.
CN201810300355.0A 2018-04-04 2018-04-04 A kind of arbor willow crop field simple cuttage method for culturing seedlings Withdrawn CN108419551A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109287302A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-02-01 广州市和泰园林工程有限公司 A kind of breeding method of autumn maple
CN110754230A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-02-07 南京林业大学 Simple cutting seedling raising method for high-yield forest of salix dustpan

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109287302A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-02-01 广州市和泰园林工程有限公司 A kind of breeding method of autumn maple
CN110754230A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-02-07 南京林业大学 Simple cutting seedling raising method for high-yield forest of salix dustpan

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Application publication date: 20180821