CN102834218B - 构件连接系统和用于不可拆式连接该构件连接系统的各构件的方法 - Google Patents

构件连接系统和用于不可拆式连接该构件连接系统的各构件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102834218B
CN102834218B CN201180005217.6A CN201180005217A CN102834218B CN 102834218 B CN102834218 B CN 102834218B CN 201180005217 A CN201180005217 A CN 201180005217A CN 102834218 B CN102834218 B CN 102834218B
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CN102834218A (zh
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T·赫青格
J·范尼克尔克
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/06Releasable fastening devices with snap-action
    • F16B21/07Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58Snap connection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855Provisory fixing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/344Stretching or tensioning the joint area during joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0642Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006Vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3055Cars
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/06Releasable fastening devices with snap-action
    • F16B21/07Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part
    • F16B21/071Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part the socket being integrally formed with a component to be fasted, e.g. a sheet, plate or strip
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/10Details of socket shapes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0664Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship at least one of the sheets or plates having integrally formed or integrally connected snap-in-features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/08Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of welds or the like

Abstract

本发明涉及一种构件连接系统,其包括:第一构件(1);第二构件(3);至少两个彼此有间隔设置的固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c),借助这些固定元件副将两个构件(1,3)可拆式相互连接,其中,每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)由一阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)和被导入、特别是被插入该阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)的一阳固定元件(2a-2c)构成,分别将每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的一个固定元件(2a-2c)设于第一构件(1)上以及将每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的另一固定元件(4a-4c)设于第二构件(3)上。固定元件(2a-2c;4a-4c)设置为,在借助各固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)可拆式连接两个构件(1,3)时在这两个构件(1,3)中产生一种使所述构件(1,3)弯曲的弯曲应力。

Description

构件连接系统和用于不可拆式连接该构件连接系统的各构件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种构件连接系统。 
背景技术
由两个未在先公开的德国专利申请DE 10 2010 028 323 A1以及DE 10 2010 040 547 A1已知的构件连接系统与本专利申请的主题密切相关。 
属于重要现有技术的另外还有DE 10 2009 049 602.5,DE 10 2008038 747 A1,DE 10 2009 041 161 A1,DE 10 2010 028 322 A1,DE 102007 044 635 A1,DE 10 2004 046 584 A1,DE 3302177 A1,US 4 942539,US 2003/0090682 A1,EP 1 772 199 A1,US 5 150 623,DE 197 45728 A1,DE 696 32 309 T2以及DE 10 2007 061 803 B3。 
在车辆车身的大批量生产中,大量的单体车身件以及附装件诸如支架等等基本上全自动地由机器人进行组装。在接合过程或者连接过程中,两个或者更多个车身件首先是借助费事的夹持或夹装技术相对彼此定位,接着再例如通过焊接、铆咬或者通过其他接合方法相互连接。 
在开头所言及的DE 10 2010 040 547 DE中涉及到一种可插接的夹紧连接,借助该夹紧连接,两个或者更多个车身件可以以简单的方式(预)装配。由至少两个构件中的第一构件处凸起一个“阳固定件”,该固定件沿导入方向被导入一个孔形的、设于另一车辆构件上的“阴固定元件”内。阳固定元件具有一功能头,该功能头部分或完全地具有球体的形状或者部分或完全地具有球状的形状,并且该功能头基本上与导入方向成横向地相对于阴固定元件具有一过盈量,这样两个车辆车身构件便在固定元件处被相互夹紧。 
在车辆车身制造当中,需相互连接的车身件通常借助于“构件专用(Bauteilspezifisch)”定位保持装置被紧固在一起并且然后进行接合连接。“构件专用”的意思是,有关的装置是单独为特定的构件或者两个需相互连接的构件的几何形状而构造和设计的。如果需相互连接的构件不具备足够的固有刚度的话,就是说在在成型工具中被挤压之后呈现“回弹特性(Aufsprungverhalten)”的话,那么必须通过有关定位保持装置中的特定几何形状的支承点来确定需制造的构件结合体的几何形状。在与另一构件焊上之后,借助定位保持装置调定的几何结构才能得以固定。 
这样的定位保持装置与高额的设备投资是分不开的。在运行中它们占用宝贵的生产面积,这一点又与费用是分不开的。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种构件连接系统,该构件连接系统能够对两个需持久牢固相连的构件进行预固定,而对于持久牢固连接不需要构件专用的定位保持装置。 
为此,本发明提供一种构件连接系统,其包括: 
-第一构件; 
-第二构件; 
-至少两个彼此有间隔设置的固定元件副,借助这些固定元件副将两个构件可拆式相互连接,其中, 
-每个固定元件副由一阴固定元件和被导入该阴固定元件中的一阳固定元件构成,并且 
-分别将每个固定元件副的一个固定元件设于第一构件上以及将每个固定元件副的另一固定元件设于第二构件上, 
其特征在于:所述固定元件设置为,在借助各固定元件副可拆式连接所述两个构件时在这两个构件中产生一种使所述构件弯曲的弯曲应力;其中,设于第一构件上的各固定元件的沿该第一构件的表面所测得的间距不同于设于第二构件上的各相配的固定元件的沿该第二构 件的表面所测得的间距。 
相应地,本发明提供一种用于不可拆式连接如上所述的构件连接系统的各构件的方法,其特征在于:将各构件材料接合地相互连接。尤其是将所述两个构件相互焊接。特别适宜的是,所述两个构件在焊接之前或者焊接过程中仅仅通过各固定元件副相对彼此保持定位。 
本发明的出发点在于这样一种包括第一构件与第二构件的构件连接系统,这些构件通过至少两个被彼此有间隔设置的固定元件副而可拆式相互连接。术语概念“构件”应作极为宽泛的解释。它特别是不仅仅包括面状的构件,诸如钢板构件或者铝板构件。该构件特别是可以涉及需制造的车辆车身的车身构件。 
所述至少两个固定元件副中的每个都具有一个阴固定元件和被导入,特别是被插入该阴固定元件中的一个阳固定元件。分别将每个固定元件副中的一个固定元件设于第一构件上以及将每个固定元件副中的另一固定元件设于第二构件上。 
例如,阳固定元件可以设于第一构件上,而阴固定元件可以设于第二构件上。 
或者作为另选方案,当然也可以将第一固定元件副的阳固定元件设于第一构件上和将相配的阴固定元件设于第二构件上,以及将第二固定元件副的阳固定元件设于第二构件上和将该第二固定元件副的相配的阴固定元件设于第一构件上,或者反过来。 
本发明的核心在于:固定元件布置为,在两个构件借助固定元件副可拆式连接时在两个构件中产生使该构件弯曲或者翘曲的弯曲应力。 
通过这种方式,能够可拆式“组建”由两个或者更多个构件制成的构件结合体。通过两个或者更多个构件的这种可拆式连接,可以在构件结合体中有针对性地施加“弯曲应力”,在传统的方式中只能借助构件专用的或者构件结合体专用的定位保持装置施加该弯曲应力。 
这样,例如车辆的门由多块需被相互连接的板材构成,特别是包括一块外表板材和多块需与其连接的结构板材(Strukturblech)。在各 单体的板材被相互焊接之前,这些单体的板材必须被相互预固定,以非常简单的方法借助上述构件连接系统可以实现这一点,而为此不需要构件专用的或者构件结合体专用的定位保持装置。 
特别是可以如此地设置固定元件:在借助固定元件副可拆式连接至少两个构件时,在这两个构件中产生使这些构件在固定元件副之间的区域内弯曲或者翘曲的弯曲应力。 
可以如此地设置固定元件:设于第一构件上的固定元件的、沿该第一构件的表面所测得的间距(略微)不同于设于第二构件上的固定元件的、沿该第二构件的表面所测得的间距。通过这种略微的间距差别,在相互配置的固定元件连接时“自动”产生两个构件的翘曲或者弯曲。 
如此地实现两个构件的彼此可拆式固定,即,一个固定元件沿导入方向被引向设于另一构件上的另一固定元件或者被导入设于另一构件上的固定元件中并且被夹紧。在两个构件被可拆式连接之后这些构件在与导入方向成横向的方向上相对彼此不可移动地(可拆式)固定。 
固定元件可以被如此地构造,即,使它们构成卡夹连接或者卡扣连接。可以规定:一个固定元件与另一固定元件卡锁或者一个固定元件进入反扣接合(Hintergreifen)另一固定元件的位置中。这样在固定元件之间就可以有一种反向于导入方向作用的形状锁合。但是这样的形状锁合或者背面反咬(Hinterschnitt)的设置并不是绝对必要的。 
两个构件可以借助固定元件副仅仅被力锁合地互相夹紧。或者,作为另一选择,两个构件可以借助固定元件副被力锁合地以及形状锁合地互相夹紧。 
在两个构件通过固定元件被可拆式(预)固定后,可以将这些构件不可拆式互相连接,例如通过焊接。本发明的本质的优点在于:为了实现不可拆式连接,不再需要另外的、(在例如焊接过程中)挤压两个构件的夹持或者夹紧装置。更确切地说,在焊接之前或者在焊接过程中仅仅通过被相互可拆式连接的固定元件使两个构件相对彼此固定已经足够了。 
根据本发明的发展设计,使用一种“阳固定元件”作为第一固定元件,就是说一种由第一构件处以任意的方式“凸起”的元件。第二固定元件尤其涉及的是一种与所述阳固定元件共同作用的阴固定元件。通过将两个固定元件插接在一起或者交错插接,构件可以被相互夹紧。术语概念“阴固定元件”同样应作非常宽泛的解释。此处指的是能够将阳固定元件沿导入方向导入阴固定元件的设计结构。所以类似众所周知的玩具领域的插接积木那样,(车辆)构件可以被简单地插接在一起并且以这种方式被相互(预)固定。 
阳固定元件基本上与导入方向成横向地相对阴固定元件具有过盈量,这样两个构件在插接在一起之后被相互夹紧在固定元件上。 
根据本发明的一个发展设计,使用一种元件作为第一固定元件,该元件被构造成球体形的或球状的元件或者该元件具有球体形的或球状的部段。阳固定元件可以完全由金属、特别是由钢或者铝构成。它例如可以材料接合地与第一构件相连接,例如通过焊接。特别是作为第一固定元件起作用的球体可以被直接焊接在第一构件上。 
作为选择,也可以使用具有功能头的第一固定元件,所述功能头部分或完全地具有球体的形状,或者部分地或完全地具有球状的形状以及与该功能头(例如成一体)相连接的底脚区域。该底脚区域例如可以借助冷接法(例如冲铆接,压装)与第一构件形状锁合连接。 
上文中所用的术语概念“球状的”应作非常宽泛的解释,而并不局限于球体几何形状的数学概念。“球状的”例如可以意味着“凸起成拱形的”。尤其是成形为球体形的或者球状的阳固定元件关于在该阳固定元件的位置上的一个或者两个车辆构件的法向呈旋转对称。术语概念“球体形的”或者“球状的”一般来说完全包括“圆形的”或者“拱形的”几何形状,特别是“凸起成拱形的”几何形状。 
如此成形的阳固定元件能够很好地与第二(车辆)构件插接在一起。通过阳固定元件圆的、无棱的几何形状最大限度地降低了两个(车辆)构件插接时产生意外歪斜的危险。 
如果使用由功能头和与其相连接的底脚区域构成的第一固定元件 的话,一般说来,这样该底脚区域可以承担连接所述功能头与第一构件的连接元件的功能。 
底脚区域可以低成本地构造成“压装元件”。它可以通过常用的压装法(例如冲铆接)被如此地高精度“压装”进入第二构件中,即通过压装产生与第一构件不可拆式的,就是说持久牢固的、形状锁合的连接。底脚区域例如可以被制作成自冲压铆钉。可以借助相应的机器人设备全自动地实施基部部段的压装。 
或者作为另一选择,压装装置可以整合在一成型工具中。例如,冲铆装置可以整合在深冲工具中,该冲铆装置能够在第一(板材)构件被三维成型的深冲过程中或者接近结束时置入阳固定元件。作为选择,底脚区域也可以构造成螺栓杆并且规定用于拧入第一构件的相配的螺纹孔中。 
(车辆)构件,诸如各个单体的车身件,可以通过一个或者多个这样的固定元件副相互连接,亦即(预)装配。在这种情况下各单体构件只需被“插接在一起”。根据(车辆)构件的特性以及在结构上设置“夹紧力”的特性,两个(车辆)构件可以只通过这样的固定元件副相互连接或者辅助地通过一种或者多种其他的连接技术诸如焊接、螺栓连接、铆接、咬合等相互连接。特别是另外还考虑这种可以仅从构件的一侧实施的连接技术(“单侧连接法”)。此处示范性地例举激光焊接,与点焊法不同在激光焊接时“构件结合体”不必从两个侧面借助焊钳进行操作,而是只从一个侧面就可以进行作业。 
阴固定单元可以由设于第二(车辆)构件中的“通孔”构成。术语概念“通孔”应作宽泛解释,当然不局限于一定的孔的几何形状。通孔例如可以是圆形的或者可以具有非圆形的几何形状,诸如基本上正方形的几何形状、三角形的、四角形的或者多角形的几何形状,其中所述“角”可以被倒圆。 
由于至少一个阳固定元件与导入方向成横向地相对阴固定元件具有一定的过盈量,所以两个固定元件-或者至少该两个固定元件之一-必须具有一定的“最低弹性”,这样才能够实现插接并且在插接之后保 持足够的夹紧力。 
阳固定元件或者该阳固定元件的功能头例如可以是实心材料制的球体,特别是钢球或者铝球。这样的“实心球体”具有比较小的弹性。插接所需的最低弹性可以通过阴固定元件的相应的结构得以实现。 
可以规定:两个(车辆)构件在插接之后在与导入方向成横向的方向上无间隙地在固定元件处相互连接,即,相对彼此不可移动地被固定。 
根据本发明的发展设计,在构成阴固定元件的通孔的边缘上设计有至少一个由第二(车辆)构件处凸起的、具有弯曲弹性的夹紧元件。该夹紧元件由外侧向阳固定元件的功能头的外侧面上施加基本上与导入方向成横向地作用的夹紧力。夹紧元件可以反扣接合阳固定元件的功能头。但是这种情况并不是绝对的。在背面反咬的情况下在两个固定元件并合时,也就是插接时形成“过量挤压”并且由此形成阳固定元件的功能头在阴固定元件中或者上的听得见的卡锁。 
夹紧元件可以是沿通孔的整个边缘延伸的夹紧凸缘。作为选择,也可以只设置在周边部段上延伸的夹紧凸缘元件。另外可以沿通孔设置多个沿周向彼此间隔开的夹紧凸缘,这些夹紧凸缘分别在周边部段上或者分别在周边位置处从外侧接触阳固定元件的功能头。也可以规定:所设置的夹紧凸缘的仅仅一部分从外侧压向阳固定元件的功能头。 
可以规定:单个夹紧凸缘或者多个夹紧凸缘从第二(车辆)构件起顺着或者逆着导入方向凸起。至少一个夹紧凸缘不必完全垂直于第二车辆件被弯曲,而是可以被调整的略微倾斜。例如可以规定:至少一个夹紧凸缘与第二(车辆)构件的表面在通孔的区域内形成一个在80°与90°之间的范围内的夹角。 
第一和/或第二(车辆)构件可以是板材构件,特别是车身构件。作为选择,第一和/或第二(车辆)构件也可以是塑料构件,特别是由纤维强化塑料构成的塑料构件。 
构成阴固定元件的通孔可以是从第二(车辆)构件上冲制出来的。夹紧凸缘可以是被冲制出的通孔的“弯曲的”或者“竖起来的”或者竖立 着的部段。 
车辆部件的一个或者两个特别可以是深冲件。至少一个例如可以由通孔构成的阴固定构件可以在深冲工具中被直接冲制出或者在后续生产步骤中被制造出。 
附图说明
下文将参照附图进一步阐述本发明。附图中: 
图1为具有被焊接的钢球的板材; 
图2、3为具有通孔的板材,该通孔具有环绕的夹紧凸缘; 
图4-6为具有不同夹紧凸缘的若干实施例; 
图7为按照本发明的阳固定元件的第一实施例; 
图8为按照本发明的阳固定元件的第二实施例;以及 
图9和10示出的是按照本发明在两个构件松连接之前或者之后的构件连接系统。 
具体实施方式
图1示出的是第一板材1,在该板材上固定有一个阳固定元件,该固定元件具有被构造成钢球2的功能头。 
图2、3示出的是第二板材3,在该板材内冲有一个通孔4,该通孔具有弯曲的凸缘5,该凸缘起到夹紧凸缘的作用。通孔4或者夹紧凸缘5具有的直径略微小于构成功能头的球体2的直径。然而夹紧凸缘具有使得球体2能够被压进入或者穿过通孔4的足够的弹性。 
如在图2、3中所示,通孔4可以具有近似四边形的或者正方形的形状。在近似正方形的通孔几何形状的情况下,夹紧凸缘5在四个分别以约90°彼此间隔开的位置处由外侧点状地压向球体2。 
图4示出的是被插接在一起的状态中的两块板材1、3。被固定在板材1上的球体从下侧被插入穿过通孔4。夹紧凸缘5基本上横向于导入方向6由外侧压向球体2。两块板材1、3因此在与导入方向6成横向的方向上被固定地以及基本上相互之间无缝隙地定位。 
图5示出这样一个实施例,在该实施例中设计有沿周向均匀分布的多个齿形夹紧凸缘元件5a、5b、5c来代替一个环绕的夹紧凸缘。 
在图6的实施例中仅仅设计有两个这样的齿形夹紧凸缘元件5a、5b,该夹紧凸缘元件沿周向以约180°彼此间隔开。两个夹紧凸缘元件5a、5b被设置在球体2的彼此相对设置的侧面上。 
图7示出的是阳固定元件2,该固定元件具有球体形的功能头2′和与之整体相连接的底脚区域或者底脚部段2″。底脚区域2″在此被构造成(自冲压的)冲铆件的形状。在被构造成冲铆件的底脚区域2″被置入,即被压入时,该底脚区域2″的端部区域压入第一板材1(参见图1)中并且同时径向扩张,由此形成与第一板材1的持久固定的形状锁合连接。 
图8示出一个实施例,在该实施例中功能头2′具有一个上部的、锥形向上收缩的、被倒圆的区域2′a以及一个向下与其邻接的球体形的区域2′b,该区域类似图8的实施例被构造成冲铆件。 
图9示出的是需相互松连接的构件1、3。在第一构件1的上侧面上彼此有间隔地设置有三个球体2a、2b、2c。球体2a、2c可以被焊接在第一构件1的上侧面上。在第二构件3中设置有与球体2a至2c相配的通孔4a、4b、4c,这些通孔分别配置有夹紧凸缘。通孔4b和4c例如具有间距x1。相配的球体2b、2c具有稍微小于所述间距x1的间距x2。 
如从图10中可以看到的那样,这便使得两块板材1、3在被插接在一起时产生弯曲力矩,该弯曲力矩使两块板材1、3相应地弯曲。 

Claims (30)

1.构件连接系统,其包括:
-第一构件(1);
-第二构件(3);
-至少两个彼此有间隔设置的固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c),借助这些固定元件副将两个构件(1,3)可拆式相互连接,其中,
-每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)由一阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)和被导入该阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)中的一阳固定元件(2a、2b、2c)构成,并且
-分别将每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的一个固定元件(2a,2b,2c)设于第一构件(1)上以及将每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的另一固定元件(4a,4b,4c)设于第二构件(3)上,
其特征在于:所述固定元件(2a,2b,2c;4a,4b,4c)设置为,在借助各固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)可拆式连接所述两个构件(1,3)时在这两个构件(1,3)中产生一种使所述构件(1,3)弯曲的弯曲应力;其中,设于第一构件(1)上的各固定元件(2b,2c)的沿该第一构件(1)的表面所测得的间距(x2)不同于设于第二构件上的各相配的固定元件(4b,4c)的沿该第二构件(3)的表面所测得的间距(x1)。
2.如权利要求1所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述固定元件(2a,2b,2c;4a,4b,4c)是按下述方式设置的,即,在借助各固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)可拆式连接所述两个构件(1,3)时,在这两个构件(1,3)中产生一种使所述构件(1,3)在各固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)之间的区域内弯曲的弯曲应力。
3.如权利要求1所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)由一阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)和被插入该阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)中的一阳固定元件(2a、2b、2c)构成。
4.如权利要求1所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)沿导入方向(6)被导入设于另一构件(3)上的阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)中并且被夹紧在其上。
5.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述两个构件(1,3)在可拆式连接之后在与导入方向(6)成横向的方向上相对彼此不可移动地固定。
6.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:每一构件连接系统的各固定元件构成卡夹连接或者卡扣连接,其中,每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的固定元件互相卡锁或者互相形状锁合地反扣接合。
7.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的固定元件力锁合地互相夹紧。
8.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的固定元件力锁合地以及形状锁合地互相夹紧。
9.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:每个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)相对于相配的阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)具有一过盈量。
10.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少其中一个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的至少其中一个阳固定元件是完全或部分呈球状的或者具有球状的部段。
11.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少其中一个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的至少其中一个阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)是完全由金属构成的元件。
12.如权利要求11所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少其中一个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的至少其中一个阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)是完全由钢或者铝构成的元件。
13.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少其中一个阳固定元件与所述两个构件中的一个构件(1)焊接。
14.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少其中一个阳固定元件(2)具有
-功能头(2′),该功能头完全地或部分地具有球状的形状,以及
-与所述功能头(2′)相连接的底脚部段(2″)。
15.如权利要求14所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述底脚部段(2″)借助冷接法与所述两个构件中的一个构件(1)相连接。
16.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少其中一个固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)的阴固定元件(4a,4b,4c)部分地或完全地由设置在所述两个构件(1,3)之一内的通孔构成。
17.如权利要求16所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述通孔具有非圆形的形状。
18.如权利要求16所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述通孔类似正方形或者三角形。
19.如权利要求16所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:在制造通孔时,该通孔的边缘被翻卷弯曲并且构成从相关构件(3)凸起的、具有弯曲弹性的夹紧元件(5a,5b,5c),该夹紧元件由外侧往相配的阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)的外侧面上施加一个基本上与导入方向成横向作用的夹紧力。
20.如权利要求16所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:通孔是从所述两个构件中的一个构件(3)上冲制出来的。
21.如权利要求19所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:至少一个夹紧元件(5a,5b,5c)是所述两个构件中一个构件(3)的翻卷弯曲部段。
22.如权利要求19所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:在所述两个构件(1,3)插接在一起之后,至少一个夹紧元件(5a,5b,5c)和与其共同作用的相配的阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)反扣接合。
23.如权利要求19所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:夹紧元件(5a,5b,5c)是沿通孔的整个边缘延伸的夹紧凸缘。
24.如权利要求16所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:沿通孔的边缘设有多个沿周向彼此间隔开的夹紧凸缘,这些夹紧凸缘在周边部段上从外侧接触相配的阳固定元件(2a,2b,2c)。
25.如权利要求24所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:单个的或者多个的所述夹紧凸缘是如此翻卷弯曲的,即,它或者它们顺着导入方向或逆着导入方向从所述两个构件之一上凸起。
26.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述两个构件(1,3)中的至少一个构件是钢板构件或者铝板构件。
27.如权利要求1至4之任一项所述的构件连接系统,其特征在于:所述两个构件(1,3)中的至少一个构件是车辆车身的车身构件。
28.用于不可拆式连接如权利要求1至27之任一项所述的构件连接系统的各构件的方法,其特征在于:将各构件(1,3)材料接合地相互连接。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于:将所述两个构件(1,3)相互焊接。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其特征在于:所述两个构件在焊接之前或者焊接过程中仅仅通过各固定元件副(2a,4a;2b,4b;2c,4c)相对彼此保持定位。
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