CN103079749B - 具有第一和第二构件以及公和母固定元件的构件连接体 - Google Patents

具有第一和第二构件以及公和母固定元件的构件连接体 Download PDF

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CN103079749B
CN103079749B CN201180043224.5A CN201180043224A CN103079749B CN 103079749 B CN103079749 B CN 103079749B CN 201180043224 A CN201180043224 A CN 201180043224A CN 103079749 B CN103079749 B CN 103079749B
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retaining element
component connection
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CN103079749A (zh
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I·曼泰
J·范尼克尔克
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B17/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by a part of or on one member entering a hole in the other and involving plastic deformation
    • F16B17/008—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by a part of or on one member entering a hole in the other and involving plastic deformation of sheets or plates mutually
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/06—Releasable fastening devices with snap-action
    • F16B21/07—Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part
    • F16B21/073—Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the socket has a resilient part the socket having a resilient part on its inside
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/09—Releasable fastening devices with a stud engaging a keyhole slot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0642—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship the plates being arranged one on top of the other and in full close contact with each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/06—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips
    • F16B5/0607—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other
    • F16B5/0621—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship
    • F16B5/0664—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of clamps or clips joining sheets or plates to each other in parallel relationship at least one of the sheets or plates having integrally formed or integrally connected snap-in-features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/07—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of multiple interengaging protrusions on the surfaces, e.g. hooks, coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/08—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of welds or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/10—Details of socket shapes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种构件连接体，其包括第一车辆构件和第二车辆构件，该第一车辆构件具有从其伸出的公固定元件（2），该第二车辆构件具有为接纳公固定元件（2）而设置的母固定元件，所述公固定元件（2）沿导入方向导入母固定元件中。所述公固定元件（2）具有功能头（2′）和根部区域（2″），该功能头部分地或完全具有球的形状或完全或部分地具有类似球的形状，该根部区域形锁合地连接于所述第二构件。所述功能头（2′）基本上横向于导入方向相对于母固定元件具有过盈量，从而所述两个车辆构件在各固定元件上能可松开地相互夹紧。

Description

具有第一和第二构件以及公和母固定元件的构件连接体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种构件连接体和一种用于能松开地预组装至少两个构件的方法。
背景技术
由较早的未先公开的德国专利申请DE102010028A1已知这样的构件连接体。此外DE102009049602.5、DE102008038747A1、DE102009041161A1、DE102010028322A1和DE102007044635A1属于相关的现有技术。
在车身的大批量生产中在相当程度上全自动化地组装大量单个车身件和安装件例如支架等。在接合过程中，两个或更多个车身件首先借助于耗费的张紧和接纳技术相互定位并紧接着例如通过焊接、咬合连接或其他的接合方法相互连接。
在上述DE102009049602.5中涉及松动地预固定两个要相互固定连接的构件。在一个构件上设置伸出的球形的形锁合元件，该形锁合元件嵌入第二构件的例如成锁眼状构成的空隙中。所述两个需要相互连接的构件被组合和紧接着相互移动，通过移动产生形锁合。通过形锁合，两个构件相互预固定并紧接着可以例如通过焊接相互固定连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种构件连接方案，借助于该方案可以非常简单地（预）组装多个构件、特别车辆的车身件和安装件。
本发明实现一种构件连接体，其包括第一构件和第二构件，该第一构件具有从该第一构件伸出的公固定元件，该第一构件特别是第一车辆构件，该第二构件具有为接纳公固定元件而设置的母固定元件，所述公固定元件沿导入方向导入母固定元件中，所述第二构件特别是第二车辆构件，所述公固定元件具有功能头和根部区域，该功能头部分地或完全具有球的形状或完全或部分地具有类似球的形状，并且该功能头基本上横向于导入方向相对于母固定元件具有过盈量，从而第一和第二构件在各固定元件上相互夹紧，该根部区域形锁合地连接于第一构件。
本发明还实现一种用于能松开地预组装至少两个构件的方法，所述两个构件特别是两个车辆构件，在该方法中，将两个构件插接在一起，此时两个构件经由夹紧连接而相互连接，所述夹紧连接具有在两个构件之一上设置的公固定元件，该公固定元件沿导入方向导入在所述至少两个构件中的另一个上设置的母固定元件中并且在该母固定元件上夹紧，其特征在于，使用这样的公固定元件，该公固定元件具有功能头和与功能头连接的根部区域，该功能头部分地或完全具有球的形状或完全或部分地具有类似球的形状，该根部区域借助于冷接合方法形锁合地与第一构件进行连接或已连接。
本发明的出发点是一种构件连接结构，该构件连接结构将第一构件与第二构件相连接，所述第一构件可以是第一车辆构件，所述第二构件可以是第二车辆构件。概念“车辆构件”要极其宽泛地来解释。它原则上包括全部的在车辆中需要连接的构件类型，特别是车身构件。如果以下谈到“车辆构件”，则其不应该被限制地解释。更确切地说，本发明应该一般性地理解为（也在其他的工业分支中的）构件的连接。权利要求书应该与之相应地宽泛地解释。
两个（车辆）构件中的第一（车辆）构件具有从其伸出的“公固定元件”，其具有功能头和与该功能头连接的根部区域。功能头和根部区域可以一体式地相互连接。
功能头部分地或完全具有球或球缺的形状或完全或部分地具有类似球的形状。同样应非常宽泛地解释概念“类似球”并且其并不限于球几何形状的数学概念。“类似球”例如可以意味着“凸形拱曲”。优选球形或类似球构成的公固定元件关于一个或两个车辆构件在公固定元件位置上的的法向是旋转对称的。概念“球形”或“类似球”非常一般性地包括“圆滑的”或“拱曲的”、特别是“凸形拱曲”的几何形状。
非常一般性地说，根部区域具有连接元件的功能，经由所述连接元件，功能头与第一构件是连接的或者说连接于第一构件。所述根部区域可以这样构成，使得其借助于冷接合方法可与第一构件相连接。根部区域可以低成本地构成为“压入元件”。该根部区域可以利用通用的压入方法（例如冲压铆接）高精度地“压入”第一构件，使得通过压入而产生与第一构件的不能松开的、即持久固定的形锁合连接。根部区域例如可以构成为自冲压铆钉。根部区段的压入可以借助于相应的机器人装置全自动化地实现。取而代之，可以在成型工具中集成压入装置。例如可以在深冲工具中集成冲压铆接装置，这使得能够在深冲过程中或在该深冲过程将要结束时设置公固定元件，第一（金属板）构件通过所述深冲过程三维成型。
取而代之，根部区域也可以构成为螺钉杆并且用于拧入第一构件的配置的螺纹孔中。
这样构成的公固定元件可以非常简单地经由功能头与第二（车辆）构件插接。通过公固定元件的圆滑的无棱的几何形状，两个（车辆）构件在插接时无意地卡住的危险减至最小。
第二（车辆）构件具有为接纳公固定元件而设置的“母固定元件”。同样要极其宽泛地解释概念“母固定元件”。其表示允许将公固定元件沿导入方向导入母固定元件中的结构构造。更准确地说，母固定元件并不接纳整个公固定元件，而是仅接纳公固定元件的从第一构件伸出的部分、即基本上接纳该公固定元件的功能头。
公固定元件的功能头具有相对于母固定元件的过盈量。该过盈量特别是可以在横向于导入方向的方向上存在。由于过盈量，两个（车辆）构件在插接时在各固定元件上相互夹紧。
各（车辆）构件因此可以简单地插接和按该方式相互（预）固定，类似于由玩具领域已知的插接积木。
各（车辆）构件可以通过一个或多个这样的构件连接结构相互连接、即（预）组装，所述各构件例如是各单独的车身件。在此各单独的构件仅需要“插接”。按照各（车辆）构件的类型和结构上设置的“夹紧力”，两个（车辆）构件可以只经由按照本发明的构件连接结构相互连接或附加经由一个或多个其他的连接技术连接，所述其他的连接技术例如是焊接、拧紧、铆接、咬合连接等。在此也特别考虑这样的连接技术，其可从构件的唯一一侧制造（“单侧连接方法”）。示例性在这里列举激光焊接，其中不同于点焊方法，不必能从两侧借助于焊钳到达“构件复合体”，而是可以从唯一一侧加工。
可以在各固定元件之间设置沿导入方向的形锁合。但不是必须设置这样的形锁合。换句话说，不是必须绝对地设置公和母固定元件的从背后作用。
母固定元件可以通过在第二（车辆）构件中设置的“通孔”构成。概念“通孔”应该宽泛地解释并且本身不限于确定的孔几何形状。通孔例如可以是圆形的或具有偏离圆形的几何形状，例如具有基本上正方形的几何形状、三角形的、四角形的、或更多角形的几何形状，其中“各角”可以是倒圆的。
由于公固定元件的功能头横向于导入方向相对于母固定元件具有一定的过盈量，所述两个固定元件或两个固定元件中的至少一个必须具有一定的“最小弹性”，以便实现插接并且在插接以后保持存在足够的夹紧力。
公固定元件的功能头例如可以是实心材料的球、特别是钢球或铝球。这样的“实心球”具有相对小的弹性。对于插接需要的最小弹性于是可以通过母固定元件的相应的构造达到。
可以设定，两个（车辆）构件在插接以后在各固定元件上沿横向于导入方向的各方向无间隙地相互连接、即不可移动地相互固定。
如已经提到的，两个（车辆）构件可以经由多个这样的或类似的构件连接结构相互（预）固定。与之相应地，可以在两个（车辆）构件之一上设置至少一个另外的这样的（见以上描述）公固定元件，该另外的公固定元件同样部分地或完全具有球的形状或部分地或完全具有类似球的形状，并且该另外的公固定元件沿一个导入方向或沿与第一公固定元件相同的导入方向导入或可以导入另外的相配的母固定元件中，该另外的母固定元件设置在相关的另一个（车辆）构件上。
所述至少一个另外的母固定元件可以通过缝槽或通过长形的通孔构成，在所述缝槽或长形的通孔中，所述另外的公固定元件的功能头可沿缝槽或长形通孔的纵向移动。
因此直观地说，所述一个“构件连接结构”构成“固定支座”并且所述至少一个另外的构件连接结构构成“浮动支座”。其优点是，两个需要相互连接的（车辆）构件可以“浮动地”并因此基本上无应力地插接或相互固定。
按照本发明的进一步构成，在构成母固定元件的通孔的边缘上设置至少一个从第二（车辆）构件中伸出的弯曲弹性的夹紧元件。该夹紧元件从外面将基本上横向于导入方向作用的夹紧力施加到公固定元件的功能头的外侧上。该夹紧元件可以从背面接合公固定元件的功能头。但这不是绝对需要的。在侧凹的情况下，在两个固定元件连接时、即在插接时导致“挤压越过”并因此导致公固定元件的功能头卡锁在母固定元件中可被听见。
夹紧元件可以是一个沿通孔的整个边缘延伸的夹紧凸缘。取而代之，也可以仅设置在一个周边区段上延伸的夹紧凸缘元件。此外可以沿通孔设置多个在周边方向上彼此间隔开的夹紧凸缘，这些夹紧凸缘分别在一个周边区段上或分别在一个周边位置上从外面接触公固定元件的功能头。也可以设定，所设置的各夹紧凸缘中的仅一部分从外面顶压公固定元件的功能头。
可以设定，所述一个夹紧凸缘或多个夹紧凸缘沿导入方向或相反于导入方向从第二（车辆）构件中伸出。所述至少一个夹紧凸缘不必关于第二车辆件完全垂直地弯曲，而是可以稍微倾斜地定位。例如可以设定，所述至少一个夹紧凸缘与第二（车辆）构件的表面在通孔的区域内构成在80°与90°之间的范围内的角度。
第一和/或第二（车辆）构件可以是金属板构件、特别是车身构件。取而代之，第一和/或第二（车辆）构件也可以是塑料构件、特别是由纤维增强的塑料制成的塑料构件。
构成母固定元件的通孔可以从第二（车辆）构件中冲压出。所述夹紧凸缘中可以是冲压出的通孔的“弯曲的”或者说“竖起的”或向上升起的区段。
所述车辆件中的一个或两个特别可以是深冲件。所述至少一个母固定元件可以直接在深冲工具中冲压出或在接着的制造步骤中制造，所述母固定元件例如可以通过通孔构成。
附图说明
以下结合附图更详细地说明本发明。附图如下：
图1包括焊上的钢球的金属板；
图2、3包括具有环绕的夹紧凸缘的通孔的金属板；
图4～6包括不同夹紧凸缘的不同实施例；
图7按照本发明的两个相互浮动地固定的构件；
图8按照本发明的公固定元件的第一实施例；
图9按照本发明的公固定元件的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出第一金属板1，在其上固定公固定元件，该公固定元件具有构成为钢球2的功能头。
图2、3示出第二金属板3，在其中冲压出通孔4，该通孔具有弯曲的起夹紧凸缘作用的凸缘5。通孔4或夹紧凸缘5具有比构成功能头的球2稍小的直径。但夹紧凸缘是足够弹性的，从而可以将球2压入通孔4中或按压通过该通孔。
如图2、3中所示，通孔4可以具有接近长方形或正方形的形状。在接近正方形的通孔几何形状的情况下，夹紧凸缘5成点状在四个分别约90°彼此间隔开的位置上从外面顶压球2。
图4示出两个金属板1、3的插接状态。在金属板1上固定的球从下面插过通孔4。夹紧凸缘5基本上横向于导入方向6从外面顶压球2。由此两个金属板1、3沿横向于导入方向6的各方向固定地和基本上无间隙地相互定位。
图5示出一个实施例，其中代替一个环绕的夹紧凸缘设置沿周边方向均匀分布的多个齿状的夹紧凸缘元件5a、5b、5c。
在图6的实施例中只设置两个这样的齿状的夹紧凸缘元件5a、5b，它们沿周边方向彼此间隔开约180°。所述两个夹紧凸缘元件5a、5b设置在球2的相互对置的两侧上。
图7示出一个实施例，其中在第一金属板1上彼此间隔开地设置第一球2a和第二球2b。所述两个球2a、2b分别经由相应的公固定元件的在这里未能更详细地看出的根部区域连接于金属板1。各根部区域或根部区段可以例如经由冷接合方法连接于金属板1。可考虑不同方式的“压入方法”，例如冲压铆接方法。
在第二金属板3中设置为球2a配置的长方形的或正方形的第一通孔4a，该第一通孔具有一个环绕的夹紧凸缘5，类似如该夹紧凸缘在图2～4中所示。两个金属板1、3因此在球2a的区域内固定地横向于导入方向相互固定。
第二通孔4b相反是长形的通孔，包括两个沿孔纵向延伸的夹紧凸缘5a、5b，所述夹紧凸缘从相互对置的两侧顶压球2b的外侧。在图7所示的设置中，各金属板“浮动地”相互固定。通过长孔4b，在固定点之间的应力被避免。
所述两个金属板1、3可以简单地插接并紧接着例如通过焊接持久固定地相互连接。由于两个金属板的浮动的设置，“自动地”补偿在焊接时产生的热膨胀。
图8示出公固定元件2，它具有球形的功能头2′和与功能头一体式连接的根部区域或根部区段2′′。在这里以（自冲压的）自冲压铆钉的形式构成根部区域2′′。在安装、亦即在压入构成为自冲压铆钉的根部区域2′′时，根部区域2′′的端面的区域进入第一金属板1中（参见图1）并在此时径向扩展，由此产生与第一金属板1的持久固定的形锁合连接。
图9示出一个实施例，其中功能头2′具有上面的成圆锥形向上汇聚的倒圆的区域2′a和向下紧接在该区域上的球形的区域2′b，该实施例类似于图8的实施例构成为自冲压铆钉。

Claims (22)

1.构件连接体，其包括第一构件(1)和第二构件(3)，该第一构件具有从该第一构件(1)伸出的公固定元件(2)，该第二构件具有为接纳公固定元件(2)而设置的母固定元件(4、5)，所述公固定元件(2)沿导入方向(6)导入母固定元件(4、5)中，其特征在于，所述公固定元件(2)具有功能头和根部区域，该功能头部分地或完全具有球的形状或完全或部分地具有类似球的形状，并且该功能头基本上横向于导入方向(6)相对于母固定元件(4、5)具有过盈量，从而第一和第二构件(1、3)在各固定元件(2、4、5)上相互夹紧，该根部区域形锁合地连接于第一构件，该根部区域压入到第一构件(1)中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述母固定元件(4、5)通过在第二构件(3)中设置的通孔(4)构成。
3.按照权利要求2所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述通孔(4)具有偏离圆形的形状。
4.按照权利要求2所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述通孔(4)的形状类似于正方形或三角形。
5.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，第一和第二构件(1、3)在公和母固定元件的区域内沿横向于导入方向(6)的各方向不能移动地相互固定。
6.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，设置另外的公固定元件(2b)，其部分地或完全具有球的形状或部分地或完全具有类似球的形状并且沿一个导入方向或沿同一个导入方向(6)导入相配的另外的母固定元件(4b)中。
7.按照权利要求6所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述另外的母固定元件(4b)通过缝槽或通过长形通孔构成，在所述缝槽或长形通孔中，所述另外的公固定元件(2b)能沿所述缝槽或长形通孔的纵向移动。
8.按照权利要求2至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，在所述通孔(4、4a、4b)的边缘上设置至少一个从第二构件(3)伸出的弯曲弹性的夹紧元件(5、5a、5b、5c)，所述夹紧元件从外面将基本上横向于导入方向(6)作用的夹紧力施加到公固定元件(2、2a、2b)的外侧上。
9.按照权利要求8所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述夹紧元件(5、5a、5b、5c)从背面接合公固定元件(2、2a、2b)。
10.按照权利要求8所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述夹紧元件(5)是一个沿通孔(4)的整个边缘延伸的夹紧凸缘(5)。
11.按照权利要求8所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，沿通孔(4)的边缘设置多个沿周边方向彼此间隔开的夹紧凸缘(5a、5b、5c)，所述夹紧凸缘在一个周边区段上从外面接触公固定元件(2、2a、2b)。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述一个或多个夹紧凸缘(5、5a、5b、5c)沿导入方向(6)或相反于导入方向(6)从第二构件(3)伸出。
13.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，第一构件和/或第二构件是金属板构件。
14.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，第一构件和/或第二构件是车身构件。
15.按照权利要求2至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述通孔(4、4a、4b)从第二构件(3)中冲压出。
16.按照权利要求10或11所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述至少一个夹紧凸缘(5、5a、5b、5c)是第二构件(3)的弯曲的区段。
17.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述公固定元件是完全由金属制成的元件。
18.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，第一和第二构件(1、3)除了至少一个能松开的夹紧连接之外经由另外的连接直接相互固定连接。
19.按照权利要求1至4任一项所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述第一构件是第一车辆构件，并且所述第二构件是第二车辆构件。
20.按照权利要求13所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，第一构件和/或第二构件是钢板构件或铝板构件。
21.按照权利要求17所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述公固定元件是完全由钢或铝制成的元件。
22.按照权利要求18所述的构件连接体，其特征在于，所述另外的连接是焊接。
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DE102010040547A1 (de) 2012-03-15
EP2613907A1 (de) 2013-07-17

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