CN102821602B - 脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物;包含有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的组合物;以及用于治疗或预防癌症、代谢病症或神经退化性病症的方法,所述方法包括施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。
Description
优先权声明
本申请要求于2010年1月8日提交的美国临时申请61/293,396和2010年1月13日提交的美国临时申请61/294,578的优先权,其全部公开内容为了所有目的依赖于本申请并且通过引用并入本申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物;包含有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的组合物;以及用于治疗或预防癌症、和代谢病症、自身免疫性病症或神经退化性病症的方法,其包括施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。本文所引用的所有专利、专利申请和公开的全部内容均由此通过引用整体并入。
发明背景
油性冷水鱼(例如鲑鱼、鳟鱼、鲱鱼、及鲔鱼)是食用水产ω-3脂肪酸的来源,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)是主要的源自水产的ω-3脂肪酸。ω-3脂肪酸先前已显示可改进血糖正常者及肥胖个体中的胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐受性。ω-3脂肪酸也已显示可改进具有炎性表型的肥胖及非肥胖患者中的胰岛素抗性。已显示,经由使用ω-3脂肪酸进行治疗可改进超重高血压受试者中的脂质、葡萄糖、及胰岛素代谢。ω-3脂肪酸(EPA/DHA)也已显示可减少甘油三酯,且除改进具有心血管事件风险患者的死亡率外也减小由心律不齐引起的猝死的风险。ω-3脂肪酸也已用作治疗血脂异常的疗法的营养保健品部分,且具有抗炎性。摄入较多ω-3脂肪酸会降低循环TNF-α及IL-6的含量,此二者是在炎症过程期间显著增加的细胞因子(Chapkin等人,Prostaglandins,LeukotEssentFattyAcids2009,81,p.187-191;Duda等人,CardiovascRes2009,84,p.33-41)。此外,摄入较多ω-3脂肪酸已显示会增加经充分表征的抗炎性细胞因子IL-10的含量(Bradley等人,Obesity(SilverSpring)2008,16,p.938-944)。最新研究(Wang等人,MolecularPharmaceutics2010,7,p.2185-2193)表明,DHA也可诱导Nrf2及Nrf2靶基因血红素氧化酶1(HO-1)且此路径可在阻抑LPS介导的炎症中发挥重要作用。
DHA和EPA均被表征为长链脂肪酸(含12-22个碳的脂肪族部分)。中链脂肪酸被表征为具有含6-12个碳的脂肪族部分的那些。类脂酸(lipoicacid)是体内发现的天然中链脂肪酸。其发挥着许多重要作用,例如用作自由基清除剂、重金属螯合剂及各种炎症及代谢路径(包含NF-κB路径)中的信号转导介质(Shay,K.P.等人,Biochim.Biophys.Acta2009,1790,1149-1160)。类脂酸可用于治疗许多与氧化性应激有关的慢性疾病(综述可参见Smith,A.R.等人Curr.Med.Chem.2004,11,p.1135-46)。现已在临床中在以下方面对类脂酸进行评估:治疗糖尿病(Morcos,M.等人DiabetesRes.Clin.Pract.2001,52,p.175-183)和糖尿病神经病变(Mijnhout,G.S.等人Neth.J.Med.2010,110,p.158-162)。类脂酸hasalsobeen实测值tobepotentially用于治疗心血管疾病(Ghibu,S.等人,J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.2009,54,p.391-8)、阿尔茨海默病(Maczurek,A.等人,Adv.DrugDeliv.Rev.2008、60,p.1463-70)和多发性硬化(Yadav,V.多发性硬化2005、11,p.159-65;Salinthone,S.等人,Endocr.Metab.ImmuneDisord.DrugTargets2008,8,p.132-42)。
富马酸及其酯衍生物(富马酸单烷基氢酯或富马酸二烷基酯)已用作治疗剂来治疗银屑病、自身免疫性及Th1介导的皮肤病(Altmeyer等人,J.oftheAmericanAcademyofDermatology1994,30,p.977-981)。在关于已施用富马酸酯的银屑病患者的临床研究中,观察到周边CD4+及CD8+-T淋巴细胞有所减少。已报导,此类药剂可在活体外抑制树突细胞及内皮细胞中的LPS诱导的NF-κB活化(Loewe等人,J.Immunol.2004,168,4781-4787;Litjens等人,Eur.J.Immunol.2004,34,565-575)。在关于多发性硬化(MS)的慢性实验自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠模型中,富马酸二烷基酯及富马酸单烷基酯也显示口服效能。在此特定模型中,使用免疫活性肽MOG35-55攻击C57BL/6小鼠以诱导等效于由MS患者所展示者的失能。使用富马酸二烷基酯或富马酸单烷基酯进行经口治疗可显著改进失能值评分。在使用富马酸二烷基酯或富马酸单烷基酯治疗的动物的血液中,抗炎性细胞因子IL-10尤其可有所升高。另外,使用富马酸二烷基酯或富马酸单烷基酯治疗的动物的脊髓的组织学分析显示巨噬细胞炎症大大减少(Schilling等人,ClinicalandExperimentalImmunology2006,145,101-107)。富马酸二烷基酯和富马酸单烷基酯也已用于关于呈现复发-缓解形式多发性硬化的患者的许多经报导研究中。每日使用720mg富马酸酯治疗并持续70周的患者显示炎性脑损伤显著减少,如在治疗过程期间获得的各种MRI中新钆增强性(Gd+)损伤有所减少所示(Schimrigk等人,Eur.J.Neurology2006,13,604-610)。最近,富马酸酯已显示活化Nrf2,Nrf2是负责诱导许多保护哺乳动物细胞以抵抗反应性氧/氮物质及亲电性物质的重要抗氧化剂及解毒酶的转录因子(Lukashev,M.E.“Nrf2screeningassaysandrelatedmethodsandcompositions”WO08097596A2;Wilms等人,JournalofNeuroinflammation2010(7:30)。
除多发性硬化外,慢性氧化性应激及炎症现已与许多衰竭性疾病的发生及进展有关。一些此类疾病包含肾衰竭、心力衰竭、动脉粥样硬化、骨质疏松症、癌症、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’sdisease)及阿尔茨海默病。活化Nrf2路径以解决此慢性氧化性应激及炎症似乎成为了尤其有前途的新颖治疗方法(综述可参见Gozzelino,R.等人Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.2010,50,p.323-54)。例如,Nrf2的小分子活化剂现已显示可有效地用于顺铂诱导的肾毒性小鼠模型(Aleksunes等人,J.Pharmacology&ExperimentalTherapeutics2010,335,p.2-12)、阿尔茨海默病的转基因Tg19959小鼠模型(Dumont等人,J.Neurochem.2009,109,p.502-12)、COPD的小鼠模型(Sussan,T.E.等人Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA2009,106,p.250-5)及鼠类4T1乳腺瘤模型(Ling,X.等人CancerRes.2007,67,p.4210-8)。
以协同方式提供脂肪酸及富马酸酯效应的能力将为治疗多种癌症、代谢、自身免疫性及神经退化性疾病提供益处。
发明概述
本发明部分地是基于发现了脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物及其在达成改进治疗中的所示效应,该改进治疗不能藉由单独或组合施用富马酸酯或脂肪酸来达成。此类新颖化合物可用于治疗或预防代谢病症,包括动脉粥样硬化、血脂异常、冠状动脉心脏病、高胆固醇血症、2型糖尿病、胆固醇升高、代谢综合征、糖尿病肾病、IgA肾病、慢性肾病(CKD)及心血管疾病。此外,此外,其可用于治疗自身免疫性疾病,例如类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、系统性红斑狼疮、炎性肠病(包含结肠炎及克罗恩氏病)、呼吸性疾病(例如哮喘)、囊性纤维化、COPD及神经退化性疾病(例如多发性硬化、帕金森氏病及阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)及肌营养不良症。本文所述的化合物也可用于治疗各种癌症,例如癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、精原细胞瘤、及膀胱瘤、血液瘤、骨瘤、脑瘤、乳腺瘤、中枢神经系统瘤、结肠瘤、子宫内膜瘤、食道瘤、泌尿生殖道瘤、头瘤、喉瘤、肝瘤、肺瘤、颈瘤、卵巢瘤、胰腺瘤、前列腺瘤、睾丸瘤、脾瘤、小肠瘤、大肠瘤或胃癌。
因此,在一方面,阐述包括富马酸酯及脂肪酸的分子偶联物(conjugate),其中该脂肪酸选自由以下组成的组:ω-3脂肪酸、在活体内代谢成ω-3脂肪酸的脂肪酸、及类脂酸,且该偶联物能够发生水解以产生游离富马酸酯及游离脂肪酸。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸选自由以下组成的组:全-顺-7,10,13-十六碳三烯酸、α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳三烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十四碳五烯酸、二十四碳六烯酸和类脂酸。在其它实施方案中,脂肪酸选自二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和类脂酸。在一些实施方案中,水解是酶促水解。
在另一方面,描述了式I和式II的化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
每个W1、W2、W1′和W2′独立地为空、O、S、NH或NR,或W1和W2,或W1′和W2可合起来形成任选取代的咪唑烷或哌嗪基团;
每个a、b、c、d、a′、b′、c′和d′独立地为-H、-D、-CH3、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-C(O)OR、-O-Z或苄基,或a、b、c和d中的两者或a′、b′、c′和d′中的任两者可与它们所结合的单个碳合起来形成环烷基或杂环;
每个n、o、p、q、n′、o′、p′和q′独立地为0、1或2;
每个L和L′独立地为空、-O-、-C(O)-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S-S-、-(C1-C6烷基)-、-(C3-C6环烷基)-、杂环、杂芳基、
其中L和L′表示在方向上并不限于所示的自左至右,而是L和L′的左侧或右侧可分别结合至式I或式II化合物的W1或W1′侧;
每个R6独立地为-H、-D、-C1-C4烷基、-卤素、氰基、氧代、硫代、-OH、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-O-芳基、-O-苄基、-OC(O)C1-C4烷基、-C1-C3烯烃、-C1-C3炔烃、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-NH2、-NH(C1-C3烷基)、-N(C1-C3烷基)2、-NH(C(O)C1-C3烷基)、-N(C(O)C1-C3烷基)2、-SH、-S(C1-C3烷基)、-S(O)C1-C3烷基、-S(O)2C1-C3烷基;
每个g独立地为2、3或4;
每个h独立地为1、2、3或4;
每个m和m′独立地为0、1、2或3;若m或m′大于1,则L或L′可相同或不同;
每个m1独立地为0、1、2或3;
k为0、1、2或3;
z为1、2或3;
每个R4独立地为H或任选取代的C1-C6烷基,其中C1-C6烷基的亚甲基单元可任选地取代为O或NR,且在NR4R4中,两个R4当与其连接的氮合起来时可形成杂环例如吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪或吡咯;
每个Z和Z′独立地为H、
前提条件是
在该化合物中存在至少一个
每个t独立地为0或1;
每个r独立地为2、3或7;
每个s独立地为3、5或6;
每个v独立地为1、2或6;每个R1和R2独立地为-H、-D、-C1-C4烷基、-卤素、-OH、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-O-芳基、-O-苄基、-OC(O)C1-C4烷基、-C1-C3烯烃、-C1-C3炔烃、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-NH2、-NH(C1-C3烷基)、-N(C1-C3烷基)2、-NH(C(O)C1-C3烷基)、-N(C(O)C1-C3烷基)2、-SH、-S(C1-C3烷基)、-S(O)C1-C3烷基、-S(O)2C1-C3烷基;
每个R3独立地为H、-C1-C6烷基或-C(CH2OH)2;
每个R5独立地为e、H或直链或支链C1-C10烷基,所述烷基可任选地被OH、NH2、CO2R、CONH2、苯基、C6H4OH、咪唑或精氨酸取代;
每个e独立地为H或天然存在氨基酸的侧链的任一者;
每个R独立地为-H或任选被OH或卤素取代的直链或支链C1-C4烷基;
前提条件是
当m、n、o、p和q中的每一个为0,W1和W2各为空,且Z为
则t必须为0;
当m′、n′、o′、p′和q′中的每一个为0,W1′和W2′各为空,且Z′为
则t必须为0;则
当m、n、o、p和q中的每一个为0,且W1和W2各为空或当m′、n′、o′、p′和q′中的每一个为0,且W1′和W2′各为空,则Z或Z′一定不为
在另一方面,描述了式IA化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
每个W1和W2独立地为空、O、S、NH或NR,或W1和W2可合起来形成任选取代的咪唑烷或哌嗪基团;
每个a、b、c和d独立地为-H、-D、-CH3、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-C(O)OR或苄基,或a、b、c和d中的两个可与它们所结合的单个碳合起来形成环烷基或杂环;
每个n、o、p和q独立地为0、1或2;
每个L独立地为空、-O-、-C(O)-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S-S-、-(C1-C6烷基)-、-(C3-C6环烷基)-、杂环、杂芳基、
其中L的表示在方向上并不限于所示的自左至右,而是L的左侧或右侧可结合至式IA化合物的W1侧;
每个R6独立地为-H、-D、-C1-C4烷基、-卤素、氰基、氧代、硫代、-OH、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-O-芳基、-O-苄基、-OC(O)C1-C4烷基、-C1-C3烯烃、-C1-C3炔烃、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-NH2、-NH(C1-C3烷基)、-N(C1-C3烷基)2、-NH(C(O)C1-C3烷基)、-N(C(O)C1-C3烷基)2、-SH、-S(C1-C3烷基)、-S(O)C1-C3烷基、-S(O)2C1-C3烷基;
每个g独立地为2、3或4;
每个h独立地为1、2、3或4;
每个m独立地为0、1、2或3;若m大于1,则L可以相同或不同;
每个m1独立地为0、1、2或3;
k为0、1、2或3;
z为1、2或3;
每个R4独立地为H或任选取代的C1-C6烷基,其中C1-C6烷基的亚甲基单元可任选地取代为O或NR,且在NR4R4中,两个R4当与其连接的氮合起来时可形成杂环例如吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪或吡咯;
每个R3独立地为H、-C1-C6烷基或-C(CH2OH)2;
每个R5独立地为e、H或直链或支链C1-C10烷基,所述烷基可任选被OH、NH2、CO2R、CONH2、苯基、C6H4OH、咪唑或精氨酸取代;
每个e独立地为H或天然存在氨基酸的侧链的任一者;
每个R独立地为-H或任选被OH或卤素取代的直链或支链C1-C4烷基。
在另一方面,描述了式IB化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
每个W1和W2独立地为空、O、S、NH或NR,或W1和W2可合起来形成任选取代的咪唑烷或哌嗪基团;
每个a、b、c和d独立地为-H、-D、-CH3、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-C(O)OR或苄基,或a、b、c和d中的两个可与它们所结合的单个碳合起来形成环烷基或杂环;
每个n、o、p和q独立地为0、1或2;
每个L独立地为空、-O-、-C(O)-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S-S-、-(C1-C6烷基)-、-(C3-C6环烷基)-、杂环、杂芳基、
其中L的表示在方向上并不限于所示的自左至右,而是L的左侧或右侧可结合至式IB化合物的W1侧;
每个R6独立地为-H、-D、-C1-C4烷基、-卤素、氰基、氧代、硫代、-OH、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-O-芳基、-O-苄基、-OC(O)C1-C4烷基、-C1-C3烯烃、-C1-C3炔烃、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-NH2、-NH(C1-C3烷基)、-N(C1-C3烷基)2、-NH(C(O)C1-C3烷基)、-N(C(O)C1-C3烷基)2、-SH、-S(C1-C3烷基)、-S(O)C1-C3烷基、-S(O)2C1-C3烷基;
每个g独立地为2、3或4;
每个h独立地为1、2、3或4;
每个m独立地为0、1、2或3;若m大于1,则L可以相同或不同;
每个m1独立地为0、1、2或3;
k为0、1、2或3;
z为1、2或3;
每个R4独立地为H或任选取代的C1-C6烷基,其中C1-C6烷基的亚甲基单元可任选地取代为O或NR,且在NR4R4中,两个R4当与其连接的氮合起来时可形成杂环例如吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪或吡咯;
每个R3独立地为H、-C1-C6烷基或-C(CH2OH)2;
每个R5独立地为e、H或直链或支链C1-C10烷基,所述烷基可任选地被OH、NH2、CO2R、CONH2、苯基、C6H4OH、咪唑或精氨酸取代;
每个e独立地为H或天然存在氨基酸的侧链的任一者;
每个R独立地为-H或任选被OH或卤素取代的直链或支链C1-C4烷基。
在另一方面,描述了式IC化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
每个W1和W2独立地为空、O、S、NH或NR,或W1和W2可合起来形成任选取代的咪唑烷或哌嗪基团;
每个a、b、c和d独立地为-H、-D、-CH3、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-C(O)OR或苄基,或a、b、c和d中的两个可与它们所结合的单个碳合起来形成环烷基或杂环;
每个n、o、p和q独立地为0、1或2;
每个L独立地为空、-O-、-C(O)-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S-S-、-(C1-C6烷基)-、-(C3-C6环烷基)-、杂环、杂芳基、
其中L的表示在方向上并不限于所示的自左至右,而是L的左侧或右侧可结合至式IC化合物的W1侧;
每个R6独立地为-H、-D、-C1-C4烷基、-卤素、氰基、氧代、硫代、-OH、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-O-芳基、-O-苄基、-OC(O)C1-C4烷基、-C1-C3烯烃、-C1-C3炔烃、-C(O)C1-C4烷基、-NH2、-NH(C1-C3烷基)、-N(C1-C3烷基)2、-NH(C(O)C1-C3烷基)、-N(C(O)C1-C3烷基)2、-SH、-S(C1-C3烷基)、-S(O)C1-C3烷基、-S(O)2C1-C3烷基;
每个g独立地为2、3或4;
每个h独立地为1、2、3或4;
每个m独立地为0、1、2或3;若m大于1,则L可以相同或不同;
每个m1独立地为0、1、2或3;
k为0、1、2或3;
z为1、2或3;
每个R4独立地为H或任选取代的C1-C6烷基,其中C1-C6烷基的亚甲基单元可任选地取代为O或NR,且在NR4R4中,两个R4当与其连接的氮合起来时可形成杂环例如吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、哌嗪或吡咯;
每个R3独立地为H、-C1-C6烷基或-C(CH2OH)2;
每个R5独立地为e、H或直链或支链C1-C10烷基,所述烷基可任选地被OH、NH2、CO2R、CONH2、苯基、C6H4OH、咪唑或精氨酸取代;
每个e独立地为H或天然存在氨基酸的侧链的任一者;
每个R独立地为-H或任选被OH或卤素取代的直链或支链C1-C4烷基。
在式I、IA、IB、IC和II的化合物中,H中任一个或多个可被氘取代。
还应理解,在式I、IA、IB、IC和II的化合物中,甲基取代基可被C1-C6烷基取代。
还描述的是包含至少一种脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的药物制剂。
本文还描述的是通过向有需要的患者施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物来治疗该患者中对脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物治疗敏感的疾病的方法。
本文还描述的是通过向有需要的患者施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物来治疗代谢病症或自身免疫疾病或神经退化性疾病的方法。
本文还描述的是通过向有需要的患者施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物来治疗神经退化性疾病的方法。
本文还描述的是通过向有需要的患者施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物来治疗癌症的方法。
本发明还包括药物组合物,其包含有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物和药学上可接受的载体。该组合物可用于治疗或预防代谢病症、神经退行性疾病和癌症。本发明包括以其药学上可接受的前药、水合物、盐例如药学上可接受的盐、对映异构体、立体异构体或混合物提供的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。
本发明的详细内容阐述于下文随附说明中。尽管在本发明的实践或测试中可使用与本文所述者类似或相等的方法及材料,但现在阐述示例性方法及材料。根据说明书及权利要求可清楚地了解本发明的其他特征、目标及优点。在说明书及随附权利要求中,除非另外明确指出,否则单数形式也包含复数。除非另外定义,否则本文所用的所有技术及科学术语均具有本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常所理解的相同含义。本说明书中所引用的所有专利及出版物均通过引用整体并入本文中。
附图简述
图1是使用化合物I-1或富马酸单甲基酯与DHA的组合处理的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中IL-1β及TNF-α基因表达的效应的图示。
图2是在LPS攻击前90分钟已给药化合物I-1或地塞米松的雄性SwissWebster小鼠的血清TNF-α含量的图示。
图3是使用化合物I-1处理的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的Hmox1靶基因表达的图示。
图4是使用对照或两种不同浓度化合物I-105(50μM及100μM)处理的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的IL-1β及Hmox1靶基因表达的图示。
发明详述
代谢病症是各种干扰受试者的代谢的医学病症。代谢是个体受试者用于将食物转化成能量的过程。患有代谢病症的受试者的代谢在一定程度上受到破坏。自身免疫性疾病源于身体对于身体中正常存在的组织的过分活跃的免疫应答。神经退化性疾病源于神经元或其髓鞘的退化,此退化最终会导致各种CNS相关性功能障碍。脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物具有治疗或预防代谢病症、自身免疫性疾病或神经退化性疾病的能力。此外,脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物也可用于治疗各种癌症,例如癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、精原细胞瘤、及膀胱瘤、血液瘤、骨瘤、脑瘤、乳腺瘤、中枢神经系统瘤、结肠瘤、子宫内膜瘤、食道瘤、泌尿生殖道瘤、头瘤、喉瘤、肝瘤、肺瘤、颈瘤、卵巢瘤、胰腺瘤、前列腺瘤、睾丸瘤、脾瘤、小肠瘤、大肠瘤或胃癌。
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物已经设计以将富马酸及其酯类似物及脂肪酸一起纳入单一分子偶联物中。脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的活性实质上大于各组份的总活性,此表明由脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物诱导的活性具有协同性。
定义
结合脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物使用下列定义:
术语“脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物”包括本文所述的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的任一及所有可能的异构体、立体异构体、对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物及前药。
本公开中所用的冠词“一(a)”和“一(an)”是指一个或一个以上(即,至少一个)的语法主语。举例而言,“元素”是指一个元素或一个以上的元素。
除非另有所指,否则本公开中所用的术语“和/或”意指“和”或“或”。
除非另外明确定义,否则术语“芳基”是指具有1至2个芳环的环状、芳族烃基团,包含单环或双环基团,例如苯基、联苯或萘基。若含有两个芳环(双环等),则芳基的芳环可在单一位点进行连接(例如,联苯)、或进行稠合(例如,萘基)。芳基可任选被一或多个取代基(例如,1至5个取代基)在任一连接点取代。取代基本身可任选被取代。
“C1-C3烷基”是指含有1-3个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃。C1-C3烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基和异丙基。
“C1-C4烷基”是指含有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃。C1-C4烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。
“C1-C5烷基”是指含有1-5个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃。C1-C5烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基及叔丁基、异戊基和新戊基。
“C1-C6烷基”是指是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃。C1-C6烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基和新戊基。
术语“环烷基”是指含有3-6个碳原子的环状烃。环烷基的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。应理解,环烷基上可取代氢中的任一者均可被卤素、C1-C3烷基、羟基、烷氧基和氰基取代。
本文所用的术语“杂环”是指含有3-12个碳原子的单环或双环烃,其中碳原子中的至少一者被O、N、或S取代。杂环的实例包括但不限于氮丙啶、环氧乙烷、硫杂丙环、氮杂环丁烷、环氧丙烷、硫杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、四氢呋喃、四氢噻吩、哌啶、四氢吡喃、硫杂环己烷、咪唑烷、噁唑烷、噻唑烷、二氧戊环、二硫戊环、哌嗪、噁嗪、二噻烷、二噁烷、二氮杂双环庚烷和二氮杂双环辛烷。
本文所用的术语“杂芳基”是指具有5至12个环原子的单环或双环结构,其中环原子中的一或多者是杂原子(例如N、O或S)且其中双环结构中的一或多个环是芳环。杂芳基的一些实例是吡啶基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噻吩基、噻唑基、噁唑基、咪唑基、吲哚基、四唑基、苯并呋喃基、呫吨及二氢吲哚。应理解,杂芳基上可取代氢中的任一者均可被卤素、C1-C3烷基、羟基、烷氧基和氰基取代。
本文所用的术语“天然存在氨基酸的侧链的任一者”意指下列氨基酸中的任一者的侧链:异亮氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸、谷胺酰胺、色氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸、组氨酸、及酪氨酸。
本文所用的术语“脂肪酸”意指ω-3脂肪酸、在体内发生代谢生成ω-3脂肪酸的脂肪酸、和类脂酸。脂肪酸的非限制性实例是全-顺-7,10,13-十六碳三烯酸、α-亚麻酸(ALA或全-顺-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸)、十八碳四烯酸(STD或全-顺-6,9,12,15-十八碳四烯酸)、二十碳三烯酸(ETE或全-顺-11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸)、二十碳四烯酸(ETA或全-顺-8,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA或全-顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸)、二十二碳五烯酸(DPA,鱼泡酸或全-顺-7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳五烯酸)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA或全-顺-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸)、二十四碳五烯酸(全-顺-9,12,15,18,21-二十二碳六烯酸)、二十四碳六烯酸(尼生酸或全-顺-6,9,12,15,18,21-二十四烯酸)和类脂酸的立体异构体。
“受试者”是哺乳动物,例如人类、小鼠、大鼠、天竺鼠、狗、猫、马、母牛、猪、或非人类灵长类动物,例如猴、黑猩猩、狒狒或恒河猴。
本发明还包括药物组合物,其包含有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物和药学上可接受的载体。本发明包括以下列形式提供的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物:药学上可接受的前药、水合物、盐(例如药学上可接受的盐)、对映异构体、立体异构体或其混合物。
代表性“药学上可接受的盐”包括例如水溶性及水不溶性盐,例如乙酸盐、氨芪磺酸盐(4,4-二氨基均二苯乙烯-2,2-二磺酸盐)、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、硼酸盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、钙盐、依地酸钙(calciumedetate)、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、克拉维酸盐(clavulariate)、二盐酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、依托酸盐(estolate)、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、乙醇酰基对氨基苯砷酸盐、六氟磷酸盐、己基雷琐辛盐(hexylresorcinate)、哈胺、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟基萘酸盐、碘化物、异硫代羟酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、月桂酸盐、镁盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、粘酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、N-甲基葡萄糖胺铵盐、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(1,1-亚己基-双-2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐,恩波酸盐)、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、丙酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、次乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、苏拉明盐(suramate)、鞣酸盐、酒石酸盐、氯茶碱盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三乙基碘化物及戊酸盐。
本文所用的术语“代谢病症”是指涉及血脂异常的病症、疾病及综合征,且术语代谢病症、代谢疾病、及代谢综合征在本文中可互换使用。
结合脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物使用的“有效量”是有效治疗或预防代谢病症的量。
本公开中所用的术语“载体”涵盖载体、赋形剂和稀释剂,且意指材料、组合物或媒介物,例如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或封装材料,其参与身体的一个器官或一部分向身体的另一器官或另一部分携带或输送药用剂。
术语对于受试者的“治疗”是指改善个体病症的至少一种症状。治疗可为治愈、改善、或至少部分地减轻病症。
除非另有所指,否则术语“病症”在本公开中用于意指术语疾病、病状或病况且可与其互换使用。
本公开中所用的术语“施用”(administer”、“administering”或“administration”)是指直接向受试者施用化合物或该化合物的药学上可接受的盐或组合物,或向受试者施用该化合物或该化合物的药学上可接受的盐或组合物的前药衍生物或类似物,该前药衍生物或类似物可在受试者身体内形成等效量的活性化合物。
本公开中所用的术语“前药”意指可通过代谢方式(例如,通过水解)在体内转化成脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的化合物。
在本文中使用下列缩写且其具有所示定义:BSA是牛血清白蛋白,DCC是二环己基碳二亚胺,CDI是1,1′-羰基二咪唑,DMEM是达尔伯克改良伊格尔培养基(Dulbecco′smodifiedEagle′smedium),EDC是盐酸1-乙基-3-[3-二甲基氨基丙基]碳二亚胺,EtOAc是乙酸乙酯,HATU是六氟磷酸2-(1H-7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓甲铵,RT是室温,TFA是三氟乙酸,且h是小时。
化合物
本发明提供根据式I、IA、IB、IC和II的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物,如下文所述。
本文描述的是式I和式II化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
W1、W2、a、b、c、d、m、m1、n、o、p、q、L、Z、r、s、t、v、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、W1′、W2′、a′、c′、b′、d′、n′、o′、p′、q′、m1′、L′和Z′如上文针对式I及式II所定义,
前提条件是在该化合物中存在至少一个
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且r为2。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且r为3。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且r为7。
在其它实施方案中,一个Z为
且s为3。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且s为5。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且s为6。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且v为1。
在其它实施方案中,一个Z为
且v为2。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且v为6。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且s为3。
在一些实施方案中,一个Z为
且s为5。
在其它实施方案中,一个Z为
且s为6。
在其它实施方案中,Z为
且t为1。
在一些实施方案中,Z为
且t为1。
在另一方面,描述了式IA化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
W1、W2、a、b、c、d、m、m1、n、o、p、q、L、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6如上文针对式IA所定义。
在另一方面,描述了式IB化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
W1、W2、a、b、c、d、m、m1、n、o、p、q、L、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6如上文针对式IB所定义。
在另一方面,描述了式IC化合物:
及其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、前药、对映异构体和立体异构体;
其中
W1、W2、a、b、c、d、m、m1、n、o、p、q、L、R、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6如上文针对式IC所定义。
下列实施方案用以说明式I、IA、IB、IC和II的化合物。
在一些实施方案中,R3为CH3。
在一些实施方案中,R3为-CH2CH3。
在一些实施方案中,R3为H。
在一些实施方案中,W1为NH。
在一些实施方案中,W2为NH。
在一些实施方案中,W1为O。
在一些实施方案中,W2为O。
在一些实施方案中,W1为空。
在一些实施方案中,W2为空。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为空。
在一些实施方案中,W1为O且W2是NH。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2为NR,且R为CH3。
在一些实施方案中,m为0。
在其它实施方案中,m为1。
在其它实施方案中,m为2。
在一些实施方案中,L为-S-或-S-S-。
在一些实施方案中,L为-O-。
在一些实施方案中,L为-C(O)-。
在一些实施方案中,L为杂芳基。
在一些实施方案中,L为杂环。
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L是
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在一些实施方案中,L为
在其它实施方案中,n、o、p和q中的一个为1。
在一些实施方案中,n、o、p和q中的两个各为1。
在其它实施方案中,n、o、p和q中的三个各为1。
在其它实施方案中,n、o、p和q各为1。
在一些实施方案中,n、o、p和q中的两个各为1且其它两个各为0。
在一些实施方案中,r为2且s为6。
在一些实施方案中,r为3且s为5。
在一些实施方案中,t为1。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为0,n和o各为1,且p和q各为0。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为O。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为-S-S-。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n和o各为0,p和q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,k为O,n和o各为0,p和q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n和o各为1,p和q各为0,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,k为0,n为1,o、p和q各为0,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o和p各为0,且q为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,k为1,n、o和p各为0,且q为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n为1,且o、p和q各为0,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,k为1,o、p和q各为0,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为0,k为1,o和p各为1,且q为0。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为0,n、o、p和q各为1。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为0,n和o各为1,p和q各为0,且每个a为CH3。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为0,n和o各为1,p和q各为0,且每个b为CH3。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n、o、p和q各为1,R4为H,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n,p和q各为1,且o为2,R4为H,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o、p各为1,且q为2,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m是1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n和p各为1,且o和q各为0,且L为-C(O)-。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n和p各为1,且o和q各为0,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o、p、q各为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o、p和q各为1,h为1,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o、p和q各为1,且L为-S-。
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,一个d为-CH3,且L为
在一些实施方案中,W1和W2各为NH,m为2,n、o、p和q各为0,一个L为
且
一个L为
在一些实施方案中,m为0,n、o、p和q各为0,且W1和W2合起来形成任选取代的哌嗪基团。
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1和W2各为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n和p各为1,o和q各为0,W1和W2各为NH,且L为C3-C6环烷基。
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n为1,o、p和q各为0,W1和W2各为NH,且L为C3-C6环烷基。
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,W1和W2各为NH,且L为C3-C6环烷基。
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n为1,o、p和q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p和q各为0,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n为1,o、p和q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n为1,o、p和q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p、q各为0,W1和W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p、q各为0,W1和W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p、q各为0,W1为NH,W2为空,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p、q各为0,W1为空,W2为NH,且L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,W1和W2各为NH、为空,L为
在一些实施方案中,m为1,n、o、p各为0,q为1,W1和W2各为NH、为空,且L为杂芳基。
在一些前述实施方案中,r为2,s为6且t为1。
在一些前述实施方案中,r为3,s为5且t为1。
在一些前述实施方案中,Z为
且
t为1。
在式I、IA、IB、IC和II的化合物中,任一个或多个H可被氘取代。
在其它示例性实施方案中,式I、IA、IB、IC和II的化合物如下所列出:
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-1);
(E)-4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-2);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-3);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-4);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-5);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸甲酯(I-6);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-7);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-8);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸甲酯(I-9);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-10);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-11);
(E)-4-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-12);
3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)丙酸(I-13);
(E)-4-(1-(1,3-二羟基丙-2-基氧基)-3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-14);
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-3-甲氧基-3-氧代丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-15);
2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-3-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)丙酸(I-16);
(E)-4-(3-(1,3-二羟基丙-2-基氧基)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-3-氧代丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-17);
2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)-4-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)丁酸(I-18);
(E)-4-(3-((1,3-二羟基丙-2-基氧基)羰基)-5-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基戊基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-19);
(E)-4-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-20);
(E)-4-(4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基丁基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-21);
(E)-4-(1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-22);
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-23);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-24);
(E)-4-(3-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-25);
(E)4-(2-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基丙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-26);
(E)-4-(2-((3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基丙基)(乙基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-27);
(E)-4-(2-(N-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基丙基)乙酰胺基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-28);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(2-吗啉代乙基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-29);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(3-(哌嗪-1-基)丙基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-30);
(E)-4-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-氧代丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-31);
(E)-4-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-吗啉代丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-32);
(E)-4-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-(哌嗪-1-基)丙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-33);
(E)-4-(5-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-3-羟基戊基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-34);
(E)-4-(5-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-3-吗啉代戊基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-35);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-36);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基硫基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-37);
(E)-4-(3-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙酰氧基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丁-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-38);
(E)-4-((R)-3-(1-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-39);
(E)-4-(4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-40);
(E)-4-((2R,6S)-4-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基)-2,6-二甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-41);
(E)-4-((1S,4S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基)-2,5-二氮杂-双环[2.2.1]庚-2-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-42);
(E)-4-((2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)环丙基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-43);
(E)-4-((4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基环己基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-44);
(E)-4-(4-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)环己基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-45);
(E)-4-(3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基-3-氮杂-双环[3.1.0]己-6-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-46);
(E)-4-(6-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-3-氮杂-双环[3.1.0]己-3-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-47);
(E)-4-((S)-1-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基)吡咯烷-3-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-48);
(E)-4-((S)-3-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)吡咯烷-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-49);
(E)-4-((1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基吡咯烷-2-基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-50);
(E)-4-(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)吡咯烷-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-51);
(E)-4-(1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基哌啶-4-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-52);
(E)-4-(4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基哌啶-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-53);
(E)-4-((1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基哌啶-4-基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-54);
(E)-4-(4-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)哌啶-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-55);
(E)-4-((1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基哌啶-2-基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-56);
(E)-4-(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)哌啶-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-57);
(E)-4-((4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基吗啉-3-基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-58);
(E)-4-(3-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)吗啉代)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-59);
(E)-4-(5-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基-六氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-60);
(E)-4-(1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基-六氢吡咯并[3,4-b]吡咯-5(1H)-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-61);
(E)-4-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基八氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-7-基)甲氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-62);
(E)-4-(7-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)-六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2(1H)-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-63);
(E)-4-(4-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)苯基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-64);
(E)-4-(6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基甲基)吡啶-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-65);
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-66);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-67);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-68);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-69);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-70);
(S)-6-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-71);
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-72);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-73);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-74);
(E)-4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-75);
(S)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-6-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)己酸(I-76);
(S)-6-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)己酸(I-77);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-78);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-79);
(S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-80);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-81);
(S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-82);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-83);
(S)-5-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-84);
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-85);
(S)-5-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-86);
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-87);
(S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-88);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-89);
(S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-90);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-91);
(S)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-5-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-92);
(S)-5-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-93);
(S)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-5-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-94);
(S)-5-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)戊酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-95);
(S)-6-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-96);
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-97);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-98);
(S)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-6-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-99);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-100);
(S)-6-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)己酸1,3-二羟基丙-2-基酯(I-101);
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(I-102);
富马酸2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基甲酯(I-103);
(E)-4-(甲基(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-甲基二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)乙基)氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-104);
(R,E)-4-(2-(5-(1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-105);
6-(5-((R)-1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-106);
2-(5-((R)-1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-107);
(R,E)-4-(2-(2-(5-(1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-108);
(R,E)-4-(2-((2-(5-(1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-109);
N1,N4-二(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)富马酰胺(II-1);和
N1-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)-N4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙基)富马酰胺(II-2)。
用于使用脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的方法
本发明还提供的是一种抑制、预防、或治疗受试者的炎症或炎性疾病的方法。炎症可与炎性疾病或炎症会促成该疾病的疾病有关。炎性疾病可发生于身体组织炎症时。此类疾病包含局部炎性反应及全身性炎症。此类疾病的实例包含但不限于器官移植排斥;由器官移植引起的再氧化损伤(参见Grupp等人,J.Mol.CellCardiol.31:297-303(1999)),包含但不限于下列器官的移植:心、肺、肝及肾;关节的慢性炎性疾病,包含关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎和与骨质吸收增加有关的骨疾病;炎性肠病,例如回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、巴雷特氏综合征(Barrett′ssyndrome)、及克罗恩氏病;炎性肺病,例如哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性呼吸道阻塞疾病、及囊性纤维化;眼的炎性疾病,包含角膜营养不良、沙眼、盘尾丝虫病、葡萄膜炎、交感性眼炎及眼内炎;牙龈的慢性炎性疾病,包含牙龈炎及牙周炎;慢性肾病(CKD);IgA肾病变;肾的炎性疾病,包含尿毒性并发症、肾小球肾炎及肾变病;皮肤的炎性疾病,包含硬化性皮炎、银屑病及湿疹;中枢神经系统的炎性疾病,包含神经系统的慢性去髓鞘疾病、多发性硬化、AIDS相关神经变性及阿尔茨海默氏病、传染性脑膜炎、脑脊髓炎、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩侧索硬化及病毒或自身免疫性脑炎。代谢疾病,例如II型糖尿病;I型糖尿病的预防;血脂异常;高甘油三酯血症;糖尿病并发症,包含但不限于青光眼、视网膜病变、黄斑水肿、肾病(例如微量白蛋白尿及进行性糖尿病肾病)、多神经病、糖尿病神经病变、动脉粥样硬化冠状动脉疾病、周边动脉疾病、非酮性高血糖高渗压昏迷、单神经病变、自律神经病变、关节问题,及皮肤或粘膜并发症,例如感染、胫斑、念珠菌感染或糖尿病脂性渐进性坏死;免疫复合物脉管炎、全身性红斑狼疮;心脏的炎性疾病,例如心肌病、缺血性心脏病高胆固醇血症、及动脉粥样硬化;以及可具有明显炎性组分的各种其他疾病,包含先兆子痫、慢性肝衰竭、脑及脊髓创伤、及癌症。该炎性疾病也可为身体的全身性炎症,例如革兰氏阳性(gram-positive)或革兰氏阴性(gramnegative)休克、出血性或过敏性休克、或由癌症化学治疗对促炎细胞因子反应诱导的休克,例如与促炎细胞因子有关的休克。此休克可能(例如)由作为癌症治疗施用的化学治疗剂诱导。其他病症包含抑郁症、肥胖症、过敏性疾病、急性心血管事件、心律不齐、猝死的预防、肌萎缩疾病(例如杜氏肌营养不良(Duchenne′sMuscularDystrophy))、炎性肌病(例如皮肌炎)、包涵体肌炎、及多肌炎、及癌症恶病质。由外科手术及创伤引起的炎症也可使用脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物进行治疗。
本文所述的化合物也可用于治疗各种癌症,例如癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、精原细胞瘤、膀胱瘤、血液瘤、骨瘤、脑瘤、乳腺瘤、中枢神经系统瘤、结肠瘤、子宫内膜瘤、食道瘤、泌尿生殖道瘤、头瘤、喉瘤、肝瘤、肺瘤、颈瘤、卵巢瘤、胰腺瘤、前列腺瘤、睾丸瘤、脾瘤、小肠瘤、大肠瘤或胃癌。
在一些实施方案中,向受试者施用有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。
在用于所述效应时,本发明的有效剂量介于约20mg至约5000mg脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物/天之间。用于体内或体外用途的组合物可含有约20、50、75、100、150、250、500、750、1000、1250、2500、3500、或5000mg脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。在一个实施方案中,组合物呈可刻痕的锭剂形式。脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的有效血浆含量可介于约0.002mg至约100mg/kg体重/天之间。脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的适当剂量可如Goodman,L.S.;Gilman,A.ThePharmacologicalBasisofTherapeutics,第5版;MacMillan:NewYork,1975,pp.201-226中所述来确定。
本发明也包含用于治疗或预防代谢病症、或用于抑制代谢病症、或具有一种以上的此类活性的药物组合物。此类组合物可适用于内部使用且包括有效量的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物及药学上可接受的载体。脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物尤其有用之处在于其显示极低的外周毒性或没有外周毒性。
可经由用于治疗剂的任何施用模式来施用脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。此类模式包含全身性或局部施用,例如经口、经鼻、胃肠外、经皮、皮下、阴道、颊部、直肠或局部施用模式。
取决于预期施用模式,组合物可呈固体、半固体或液体剂型,例如,可注射物、片剂、栓剂、丸剂、定时释放胶囊、酏剂、酊剂、乳液、糖浆剂、粉剂、液体、混悬剂等,有时呈单位剂量且与常规医药实践一致。同样,其也可以静脉内(浓注或输注)、腹膜内、皮下或肌内形式施用,所有使用形式均已为药学领域技术人员所熟知。
示例性药物组合物是包括脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物及药学上可接受的载体的片剂及明胶胶囊,该载体是(例如)a)稀释剂,例如,纯化水、甘油三酯油(例如氢化或部分氢化的植物油、或其混合物)、玉米油、橄榄油、向日葵油、红花油、鱼油(例如EPA或DHA、或其酯或甘油三酯或其混合物)、ω-3脂肪酸或其衍生物、乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、纤维素、糖精钠、葡萄糖和/或甘氨酸;b)润滑剂,例如,二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸、其镁或钙盐、油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠和/或聚乙二醇;对于片剂,亦是;c)粘合剂,例如,硅酸镁铝、淀粉糊剂、明胶、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、碳酸镁、天然糖(例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖)、玉米甜味剂、天然及合成胶(例如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶或藻酸钠)、蜡和/或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,若需要;d)崩解剂,例如,淀粉、琼脂、甲基纤维素、膨润土、黄原胶、海藻酸或其钠盐、或泡腾剂混合物;e)吸收剂、着色剂、矫味剂及甜味剂;f)乳化剂或分散剂,例如Tween80、Labrasol、HPMC、DOSS、caproyl909、labrafac、labrafil、peceol、transcutol、capmulMCM、capmulPG-12、captex355、gelucire、维他命ETGPS或其他可接受的乳化剂;和/或g)增强化合物的吸收的试剂,例如环糊精、羟丙基-环糊精、PEG400、PEG200。
液体(尤其可注射的)组合物可(例如)通过溶解、分散等制得。例如,将脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物溶于药学上可接受的溶剂(例如,水、盐水、水性右旋糖、甘油、乙醇等)中或与其混合以由此形成可注射的等渗溶液或悬浮液。蛋白质(例如白蛋白、乳糜微粒、或血清蛋白质)可用于溶解脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。
也可将脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物配制成栓剂,该栓剂可使用诸如丙二醇等聚亚烷基二醇作为载体自脂肪乳液或悬浮液制得。
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物也可以脂质体递送系统形式施用,例如单层小囊泡、单层大囊泡及多层囊泡。脂质体可自多种磷脂(含有胆固醇、硬脂酰胺或磷脂酰胆碱)形成。在一些实施方案中,脂质组分膜与药物水溶液发生水合以形成囊封该药物的脂质层,如美国专利第5,262,564号中所述。
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物也可通过使用与脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物偶合的单克隆抗体作为个别载体来进行递送。脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物也可与作为可靶向药物载体的可溶性聚合物进行偶合。此类聚合物可包括经棕榈酰残基取代的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺苯酚、聚羟乙基天冬酰胺苯酚、或聚环氧乙烷聚赖氨酸。另外,脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物可与一类可用于实现药物受控释放的生物可降解聚合物进行偶合,例如,聚乳酸、聚ε己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二氢吡喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯及水凝胶的交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物。在一个实施方案中,脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物并不共价结合至聚合物,例如,多羧酸聚合物、或聚丙烯酸酯。
胃肠外可注射施用通常用于皮下、肌内或静脉内注射及输注。可注射物可以常规形式制得,其呈液体溶液或悬浮液或在注射前适于溶于液体中的固体形式。
组合物可分别根据常规混合、制粒化、或包衣方法制得,且本发明药物组合物可含有约0.1%至约80%、约5%至约60%、或约1%至约20%的脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物(以重量或体积计)。
根据各种因素来选择利用脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的剂量方案,包含患者的类型、物种、年龄、体重、性别及医学病状;拟治疗病状的严重程度;施用途径;患者的肾或肝功能;及所用的特定脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。本领域普通技术人员的医师或兽医可易于确定并开出有效量的所需药物以预防、抵抗或阻止病状的进展。
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物可以单次日剂量施用,或总日剂量可以每天两次、三次或四次的分开剂量施用。另外,脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物可以鼻内形式经由局部使用适宜鼻内媒介物施用,或使用本领域普通技术人员熟知的经皮皮肤贴片的那些形式经由经皮途径施用。对于以经皮递送系统形式施用而言,整个剂量方案中的剂量施用可为连续的而非间歇的。其他例示性局部制剂包含乳膏剂、软膏剂、洗剂、气溶胶喷雾及凝胶,其中脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的浓度介于约0.1%至约15%w/w或w/v之间。
用于制备脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的方法
用于制备式I、IA、IB、IC和II脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的合成路径的实例阐述于下文实施例中并概述于方案1-11中。
方案1
式B的单BOC保护的胺可自商业来源获得或根据Krapcho等人,SyntheticCommunications1990,20,p.2559-2564中所述的程序制得。可使用胺B及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对市售可得的化合物A进行酰胺化,随后使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中对BOC基团进行去保护以制备偶合的化合物C。使用偶合剂(例如HATU)在诸如DIEA等胺存在下活化化合物C、随后添加式D的脂肪酸以提供式E化合物。本领域技术人员应认识到,类脂酸可代替此方案及随后方案中的脂肪酸D。
方案2
式F的酰化胺可使用Andruszkiewicz等人,SyntheticCommunications,2008,38,p.905-913中所述的程序制得。可使用胺F及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对化合物A进行酰胺化,随后使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中对BOC基团进行去保护以制得偶合化合物G。使用偶合剂(例如HATU)在诸如DIEA等胺存在下活化化合物G、随后添加式D的脂肪酸以提供式H化合物。
方案3
可使用相应胺I(其中i=0、1、2或3)及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对化合物A进行酰胺化,随后使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中对BOC基团进行去保护以制得偶合的化合物J。使用偶合剂(例如HATU)在诸如DIEA等胺存在下活化化合物J、随后添加式D的脂肪酸以提供式K化合物。在碱性条件下(例如NaOH或LiOH)水解酯以制得相应酸,该酸可与缩水甘油基进行偶合以提供式L化合物。
方案4
胺M可根据Dahan等人,J.Org.Chem.2007,72,p.2289-2296中所述的程序制得。可使用偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)使化合物A与胺M进行偶合,随后使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中对BOC基团进行去保护以制得偶合的化合物N。使用偶合剂(例如HATU)在诸如DIEA等胺存在下活化化合物N、随后添加式D的脂肪酸以提供式O化合物。
方案5
可使用市售胺P及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对化合物A进行酰胺化以提供化合物Q。可使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中去除化合物Q中的BOC基团,且可使用偶合剂(例如HATU)在诸如DIEA等胺存在下使所得胺与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供式R化合物。对于本领域熟练技术人员而言,可使用诸如H2O2或臭氧等氧化剂将式Q中的硫基团氧化成相应亚砜或砜。
方案6
胺T可根据Dahan等人,J.Org.Chem.2007,72,p.2289-2296中所述的程序自市售二胺制得。可使用胺T及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对化合物A进行酰胺化以提供化合物U。可使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中去除化合物U中的BOC基团,且可使用HATU在诸如DIEA等胺存在下使所得胺与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供式V化合物。对于本领域熟练技术人员而言,可通过标准甲磺酰化化学将化合物U中的羟基进一步酰化或转化成氨基,随后使用叠氮化钠进行置换并在诸如碳载钯等催化剂上进行氢化。可将胺进一步酰化或烷基化,随后去除BOC基团。可将所得胺与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供式W化合物。
方案7
可使用市售胺X及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)、任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对化合物A进行酰胺化以提供化合物Y。可使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)在诸如CH2Cl2或二噁烷等溶剂中去除化合物Y中的BOC基团。可使用偶合剂(例如HATU)在诸如DIEA等胺存在下使所得胺与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供式Z化合物。
方案8
可使用市售半胱胺酸甲酯及偶合剂(例如DCC、CDI、EDC)、或任选使用叔胺碱和/或催化剂(例如,DMAP)对化合物A进行酰胺化以提供化合物AA。可使用偶合剂(例如HATU或EDCI)使市售马来酰亚胺衍生物BB与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供式CC化合物。可在诸如乙腈等溶剂中使化合物AA与式CC化合物进行偶合以提供式DD化合物。
方案9
可使用诸如EDCI或HATU等偶合剂使市售氨基酸酯EE与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合,随后对甲基酯进行碱性水解以提供式FF化合物。可使用诸如EDCI或HATU等偶合剂使式FF化合物与市售BOC-氨基酸衍生物GG进行偶合。可通过使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)进行处理来去除BOC基团以提供式HH化合物,式HH化合物然后可与化合物A进行偶合以提供式II化合物。
方案10
可使用EDCI或HATU使化合物A与式JJ的胺进行偶合以提供式KK化合物。可通过使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)进行处理来去除BOC基团且可使所得胺与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供化合物LL。可通过使用诸如LiOH或NaOH等碱进行处理来水解甲基酯基团且可使所得酸与胺JJ进行偶合以提供化合物MM。可通过使用酸(例如TFA或HCl)进行处理来去除BOC基团,且可使用EDCI或HATU使所得胺与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以提供化合物NN。
方案11
可使化合物A与通式DA的BOC保护的二胺进行偶合获得BOC保护的酰胺衍生物。使用HCl在二噁烷中处理后,可使所得胺OO与式D的脂肪酸进行偶合以获得式PP化合物。各种BOC保护的二胺均市售可得。二胺DA1、DA2、DA3、及DA4
及其衍生物可根据以下相应参考文献中所述的程序制得:二胺DA1,Stocks等人,BioorganicandMedicinalChemistryLetters2010,p.7458;二胺DA2,Fritch等人,BioorganicandMedicinalChemistryLetters2010,p.6375;二胺DA3和DA4,Moffat等人,J.Med.Chem.2010,53,p.8663-8678),上述参考文献的公开的全部内容均并入本文中。制备各种单保护二胺的详细程序也可参见下列参考文献:WO2004092172、WO2004092171和WO2004092173,其公开的全部内容均并入本文中。
实施例
本公开进一步通过下列实施例加以阐释,此类实施例不应理解为限制本公开在其中所述特定程序的范围或精神内。应理解,提供此类实施例以阐释某些实施方案且并不意欲由此限制本公开的范围。进一步应理解,可能必需借助本领域技术人员可能想起的各种其他实施方案、修改及其等效形式,而不背离本公开的精神和/或随附权利要求的范围。
实施例1
本发明化合物对RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的NFκB含量的影响
在施加化合物18小时前,将稳定表达3xNFkB反应组件驱动性荧光素酶报道因子的RAW264.7细胞接种至不含血清的培养基(Optimem)中的96孔板中。通过首先制备于EtOH中的100mM储备溶液来制备本发明化合物。然后以1∶100将储备溶液稀释于低LPSFBS(GeminiBenchMark100-106)中,剧烈混合并将其在室温下培育30分钟。然后在补充有1%EtOH的FBS中制备1∶2的连续稀释液,剧烈混合,并再次将其在室温下培育30分钟,然后添加RAW264.7报道因子细胞(最终浓度:10%FBS,100uM最高化合物稀释液,0.1%EtOH)以预处理2小时,随后使用LPS进行刺激。然后使用200ng/mlLPS或媒介物对照在本发明化合物存在下将细胞刺激3小时。使6个媒介物的组未经受LPS刺激以测量分析底板。向细胞中添加AlamarBlue活性染料(AlamarBlueviabilitydye)(Invitrogen),同时递送LPS(最终AlamarBlue浓度为10%)。与LPS一起培育3h时间后,通过使用PerkinElmerVictorV板读数仪读取荧光(550nm激发,595nm发射)来测量细胞存活率。然后自各孔吸出细胞培养基。然后通过添加BritelitePlus试剂(PerkinElmer)来产生荧光素酶信号。使用PerkinElmerVictorV板读数仪测量荧光素酶活性。将NF-κB活性表示为媒介物对照孔(经LPS刺激)的百分比。在6个剂量点滴定下一式三份测试化合物以确定IC50值。
表1汇总了此NF-κB荧光素酶报道因子分析中许多脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物的IC50值。在此表中,MMF=富马酸单甲基酯。(-)表明化合物显示不≤200μM的抑制活性。(+)表明化合物显示介于>50μM与≤200μM之间的抑制活性。(++)表明化合物显示≤50μM的抑制活性。
表1
化合物 | NF-kB抑制活性 |
MMF | - |
MMF+DHA | - |
I-1 | ++ |
I-2 | ++ |
I-3 | ++ |
I-4 | ++ |
I-5 | + |
I-6 | ++ |
I-22 | ++ |
I-39 | + |
I-40 | ++ |
I-41 | + |
I-66 | + |
I-67 | ++ |
I-72 | + |
I-102 | - |
I-103 | + |
I-104 | - |
实施例2
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物对IL-1β和TNF-α的效应
以100,000个细胞/孔的密度将RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于补充有10%FBS及Penn/strep的DMEM中的96孔板中。16小时后,吸出培养基并使用90μL/孔的不含血清的DMEM代替。将脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物、DHA及富马酸单甲基酯(MMF)置于100%EtOH中直至浓度为100mM,且然后以1∶100稀释于100%FBS中以获得由1mM化合物和1%EtOH组成的储备溶液。然后以1∶10将此类储备溶液稀释于补充有1%EtOH的FBS中以产生100μM的脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物和各为100μM的DHA及MMF。然后将10μL以及仅用于对照的媒介物添加至RAW246.7细胞中,以产生最终浓度为10μM的脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物或各为10μM的DHA及MMF。将化合物预培育2小时,然后使用100ng/mlLPS进行刺激(向各孔中添加10μL1μg/mlLPS)。LPS刺激3小时后,在1xPBS中将细胞洗涤一次,吸干,并在液氮中快速冷冻。然后根据制造商方案分离RNA并使用Cells-cDNA试剂盒(Ambion)转化成cDNA。然后使用Taqman引物/探针分析组(AppliedBiosystems)来测量IL-1β及TNF-α转录水平,使用δCt方法标准化成GAPDH,且相对于仅媒介物对照来表示数据。使用化合物I-1处理的巨噬细胞显示IL-1β及TNF-α基因表达的减小程度大于使用富马酸单甲基酯(MMF)与DHA的组合处理的细胞(图1)。使用单向ANOVA分析来进行统计学分析,**p<0.05,***p<0.005。
实施例3
3RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的TNFα释放分析
此分析的目的是测量小分子抑制经脂多糖(LPS)刺激的经培养巨噬细胞中的TNFα分泌的能力。使用LPS处理巨噬细胞可主要经由TLR4-NFκB信号传导轴来活化炎性细胞因子路径。本发明化合物可抑制NFκB的转录活化并由此降低TNFα的产生及释放。使用地塞米松(糖皮质激素受体的有效激动剂)作为阳性对照来抑制TNFα释放。
第1天:将RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种至96孔培养板中。自在75mm2组织培养烧瓶中生长的RAW264.7细胞(细胞应为约70%汇合)中去除培养基并添加10mL温热的完全生长培养基(DMEM+10%FBS+1Xpen/step)。使用无菌板刮刀将细胞刮至悬浮液中,并通过使用10mL血清学移液管上下吸取来进行匀化。使用临床血细胞计数器测定细胞浓度。然后将细胞以150,000个细胞/mL稀释至生长培养基中。然后将经稀释细胞转移至无菌试剂储存器中,且使用多通道移液管将100μl细胞悬浮液吸取至96孔培养板的各孔中(15,000个细胞/孔)。然后在37℃下于正常组织培养生长条件(37℃,潮湿CO2室)下培育此类板。
第2天:制备测试化合物试样板。在生长培养基中制备测试化合物。将化合物自于100%DMSO中的1000X原液中递送至培养基中(例如,对于10μM的测试化合物的最终浓度,将2μl10mM测试化合物递送至2mL培养基中)。向96孔试样板中添加至少150μl于培养基中的1X化合物。不使用96孔板的周边孔以避免边缘效应。使用培养基加0.1%DMSO制备12个试样孔(此类试样用作媒介物对照;经LPS刺激及未经LPS刺激;使用10μM地塞米松作为阳性对照)。然后将培养板放回生长培育器中保持2小时。随后通过向各孔添加25μl50ng/mLLPS来刺激细胞(6个未刺激媒介物对照孔除外:最终浓度为10ng/mLLPS)。将板放回生长培育器中保持3小时。然后,取出100μl培养基上清液并转移至96孔v-底试样板。将培养基上清液板以1,000rpm在吊桶式离心机中离心5分钟,从而粒化可能保留于上清液中的任何细胞脆片。自试样板取出80μl上清液并转移至新鲜的v-底96孔板中。使用Celltiter-glo试剂盒测量细胞存活率。通过测量细胞存活率,给定化合物对于TNFα分泌的效应可确定此类效应是否源于细胞毒性或源于炎性信号传导的真正抑制。将100μlCelltiter-glo试剂添加至细胞培养板的各孔中,且然后使用Victor5板读数仪测量板的荧光信号(CPS)(0.3秒读数;在读数前将板振动60秒)。给定化合物在给定浓度下的细胞存活率计算如下:
细胞存活率=CPS试样/(平均CPS未刺激对照)*100
每孔使用20μl培养基上清液进行TNFαELISA。遵循Invitrogen/Biosource的制造商方案来实施小鼠TNFαELISA。通常产生色原体20-30分钟,如制造商方案中所述。添加终止溶液后,使用Victor5板读数仪测量OD450nm(0.1秒/孔扫描)。测定对照的TNFα分泌百分比。使用下式来测定对照的TNFα分泌百分比:
100X(OD450nm样品X)-(平均OD450nm未受刺激的媒介物对照)
(平均OD450nmLPS受刺激的媒介物对照)-(平均OD450nm未受刺激的媒介物对照)
对于每个测试化合物,对于各测试化合物,可使用4参数剂量反应曲线拟合方程(205号XLFIT模型)来绘制对照的TNFα分泌百分比随化合物浓度变化的图线:
fit=(A+((B-A)/(1+((C/x)^D))))
inv=(C/((((B-A)/(y-A))-1)^(1/D)))
res=(y-fit)
实施例4
本发明化合物在LPS攻击TNFα小鼠模型中的体内效应
为了测量化合物对于TNFα分泌的体内效应,通过口服管饲法或通过腹膜腔内注射向雄性SwissWebster小鼠(n=10只动物/组)给药各测试化合物(给药体积为15mL/kg)。将所有化合物配制至适当媒介物中(可用的媒介物实例包含溶剂(例如聚乙二醇及丙二醇)、脂质(例如甘油单油酸酯及大豆油)、及表面活性剂(例如聚山梨酯80及cremophorEL)的组合)。给药化合物90分钟后,使用0.2mg/kgLPS(脂多糖)通过腹膜腔内(IP)注射来治疗动物。LPS攻击90分钟后,将小鼠麻醉并通过心脏穿刺取血至血清分离试管(含有肝素钠)中。将血液在室温下凝固2小时,且然后以2,000xg将试管旋转20分钟。自试管收获血清(100-150μl/动物)并在-70℃下冷冻。使用市售TNFαELISA试剂盒测量TNFα血清含量(*p<0.05,使用2-尾t-检验)。根据代表性实例,以300mg/kg来给药化合物I-1(腹膜腔内,以300mg/g化合物配制于42%Tween、16%Cremophor、31%甘油单油酸酯、10%丙二醇中并使用6mL水稀释)。使用地塞米松(以0.5mg/kgpo供给,以相似方式进行配制)作为实验中的阳性对照。数据汇总于图2中。使用单向ANOVA分析来实施统计学分析,*p<0.05。
实施例5
脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物对RAW巨噬细胞中的靶基因Hmox1的效应
以100,000个细胞/孔的密度将RAW264.7巨噬细胞接种于补充有10%FBS和Penn/strep的DMEM中的96孔板中。16小时后,吸出培养基并使用90μL/孔的不含血清的DMEM代替。将脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物、DHA及EPA置于100%EtOH中直至浓度为100mM,且然后以1∶100稀释于100%FBS中以获得由1mM化合物和1%EtOH组成的20x储备溶液。将脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物20x储备溶液以1∶2稀释于补充有1%EtOH的FBS中以获得500μM10x储备溶液,而将等体积的DHA及EPA20x储备溶液混合以产生含有各500μM的DHA和EPA的10x储备溶液。然后以1∶2将10x储备溶液连续稀释于补充有1%EtOH的FBS中,且将10μL每个稀释液添加至RAW246.7细胞中以产生50、25、12.5、6.25、3.12及1.6μM的最终浓度。将化合物预培育2小时,然后使用100ng/mlLPS进行刺激(向各孔中添加10μL1μg/mlLPS)。LPS刺激3小时后,在1xPBS中将细胞洗涤一次,吸干,并在液氮中快速冷冻。然后根据制造商方案分离RNA并使用Cells-cDNA试剂盒(Ambion)转化成cDNA。然后使用ABITaqman引物/探针分析试剂盒来测量转录水平,使用δCt方法标准化成GAPDH,且相对于仅媒介物对照来表示数据。下文所示的图3汇总了化合物I-1对于靶基因Hmoxl的正面效应。图4汇总了类脂酸富马酸酯衍生物I-105对于靶基因Hmoxl及IL-1β的正面效应(获得IL-1β基因表达的方案详述于实施例1中)。
实施例6
脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物在链脲霉素糖尿病大鼠中的效应
使用雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(8周龄,平均重量为150g)用于研究中。通过单一尾部静脉注射于0.1mol/L柠檬酸钠缓冲液(pH4.5)中的链脲霉素(STZ)来诱导糖尿病。然后通过在STZ治疗两天及三天后测量血糖含量来证实糖尿病。将糖尿病动物归类为血糖高于16nmol/L的动物。然后将糖尿病动物分成媒介物对照组及治疗组(每组含12只动物)。将所有动物在各12小时的光/暗循环下单独关养,其中动物可随意接受食物及水。为维持体重并限制高血糖症,每周三次在下午(在约3至4pm)使用3IU特慢胰岛素来治疗糖尿病动物。为了维持作为动物增重的血糖对照,在第15周将胰岛素剂量增至5IU。在第15周将胰岛素剂量增至5IU。经28周时间向动物给药媒介物或脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物(可用的媒介物实例包含溶剂(例如聚乙二醇及丙二醇)、脂质(例如甘油单油酸酯及大豆油)、及表面活性剂(例如聚山梨酯80及cremophorEL)的组合)。可通过每月测量尿白蛋白及血浆肌酸酐浓度来评价肾病的进展。对于尿测量,将大鼠在代谢大鼠笼中存放24hr。可通过竞争性ELISA分析根据Degenhardt等人,KidneyInternational2002,61,p.939-950中所述的方案来量化尿白蛋白。可通过Jaffé苦味酸程序使用来自Sigma的标准试剂盒(Sigma目录编号555-A)来测量血浆肌酸酐浓度。可使用用于WindowsV1.00的SigmaStat来实施统计学分析。可通过非参数型Mann-WhitneyRankSum分析来计算P值。在第28周。也可通过测量血浆甘油三酯及总胆固醇来评价血脂异常。可通过酶、色度法、端点分析使用标准化市售试剂盒来测量此类血浆脂质。可使用Sigma试剂盒(目录号352)来分析总胆固醇,且可通过Sigma试剂盒(目录号37,GOPGrinder)来分析甘油三酯。
实施例7
脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物在顺铂诱导的肾毒性小鼠模型中的效应
对于此研究,使用体重为约30g的10至12周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠。在正常顺应时间后,将动物维持于标准饮食且使其可自由获取水。然后向小鼠单一腹膜腔内注射媒介物或顺铂(20mg/kg,以于盐水中的1mg/mL的浓度)。每个治疗组使用10只动物。对于药物治疗组,在顺铂注射前24小时开始向动物给药脂肪酸富马酸酯偶联物(配制于溶剂(例如聚乙二醇及丙二醇)、脂质(例如甘油单油酸酯及大豆油)、及表面活性剂(例如聚山梨酯80及cremophorEL)的组合中)。然后经72小时时间继续给药。此时,将动物处死并收集血液及肾组织。测量血尿素氮(BUN)及肌酸酐。可使用市售酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)来测定血清中的TNF-a含量。将组织处理以进行组织学及RNA分离。可使用“G.Ramesh和W.B.Reeves,KidneyInternational,2004,65,p.490-498”中所述的半定量标度尺来评价PAS染色部分中的肾小管损伤。
实施例8
多发性硬化(MS)的慢性实验自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠模型。
为了诱导EAE,在小鼠的胁腹及尾巴基部经由皮下注射接收50μg于PBS中的MOG35-55免疫活性肽(购自Hooke实验室,Lawrence,MA),其于含有结核分枝杆菌H37RA的等体积完全弗罗因德佐剂(completeFreund′sadjuvant)(CFA)中乳化且最终浓度为0.5mg/mL。在第0及2天注射两次百日咳毒素(200ng/小鼠,腹膜内)。在所示媒介物中通过口服管饲法自免疫后第3天开始施用药物直至研究结束为止。各治疗组皆由8只动物组成;仅媒介物作为阴性对照或脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物。在研究过程(28天)中,每天称量动物并对疾病的临床征兆进行评分。可使用0至10之间的等级来评价疾病严重程度;其中评分如下:0=正常;1=尾巴弹性减小;2=尾巴不举,翻正(righting)受影响;3=不能翻正;4=步态共济失调;5=轻截瘫或截瘫;8=四肢轻瘫;9=垂死;10=死亡。通常将7或更高评分的小鼠处死。
下列非限制性化合物实施例用于阐释脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的其他实施方案。应理解,实施例部分中所示的任一实施方案均是脂肪酸富马酸酯衍生物的实施方案且由此适用于上述方法及组合物中。
实施例9
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-1)的制备
将富马酸单甲基酯(1.7g,13.1mmol)以及草酰氯(1.1mL,13.1mmol)吸收于20mLCH2Cl2中。添加数滴DMF后,在室温下搅拌反应混合物直至所有固体均溶解且所有气体逸出均停止为止(1h)。在0℃下,将此新制的酰氯溶液逐滴添加至含有于200mLCH2Cl2中的2-氨基乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(2.1g,13.1mmol)和Et3N(2.8mL,19.6mmol)的溶液中。将所得反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌2h。然后使用盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(CH2Cl2)进行纯化以提供2.2g(E)-4-(2-(叔丁氧基羰基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(产率为62%)。将(E)-4-(2-(叔丁氧基羰基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(2.2g,8.1mmol)吸收于10mL于二噁烷中的4MHCl中。将所得反应混合物在室温下静置1h,然后使用50mLEtOAc稀释并在减压下浓缩以提供(E)-4-(2-氨基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯的HCl盐。
将(E)-4-(2-氨基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯的HCl盐(8.1mmol)以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,2.66g,8.1mmol)、HATU(3.4g,12.1mmol)及DIEA(4.2mL)吸收于40mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h并使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供1.4g(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。C29H42N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:482.31;实测值:483(M+1)。
实施例10
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(化合物I-102)的制备
将(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(200mg,0.41mmol)以及2mL5NNaOH吸收于5mLTHF中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌1h,在减压下浓缩以去除THF,并使用水(10mL)稀释。使用3NHCl将水层酸化至pH=2且然后使用EtOAc萃取。使用盐水洗涤合并的有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩以提供190mg(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(产率为97%)。C28H40N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:468.30;实测值:469(M+1)。
实施例11
(E)-4-(1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-22)的制备
将2-甲基丙烷-1,2-二胺(1.52g,14.5mmol)溶于50mLCH2Cl2中并冷却至0℃。然后在0℃下经10min时间逐滴添加氯甲酸苄基酯(2.0mL,14.5mmol)。将所得反应混合物升温至室温,搅拌4h且然后在减压下浓缩以提供HCl盐形式的2-氨基-2-甲基丙基氨基甲酸苄基酯。
将富马酸单甲基酯(455mg,3.5mmol)以及2-氨基-2-甲基丙基氨基甲酸苄基酯的HCl盐(3.5mmol)、DIEA(0.50mL)及EDCI(1.2g)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌6h并使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供400mg3-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-1,1-二甲基-乙基氨甲酰基)-丙烯酸甲酯(产率为34%)。
将3-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-1,1-二甲基-乙基氨甲酰基)-丙烯酸甲酯(400mg,1.2mmol)吸收于3mL于冰乙酸中的33%HBr中并将其在室温下静置1h。在减压下浓缩所得反应混合物以提供3-(2-氨基-1,1-二甲基-乙基氨甲酰基)-丙烯酸甲酯的HBr盐。将此物质以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,393mg,1.2mmol)、HATU(547mmol,1.3mmol)及DIEA(0.63mL)吸收于5mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h并使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供200mg(E)-4-(1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(产率为33%)。C31H46N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:510.35;实测值:511(M+1)。
实施例12
(E)-4-(2-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-5)的制备
将二盐酸胱胺(1.0g,4.44mmol)溶于50mLMeOH中。在室温下添加三乙胺(1.85mL,3当量),随后逐滴添加于5mLMeOH中的Boc2O(0.97g,4.44mmol)溶液。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h。然后在减压下浓缩且将所得残余物吸收于20mL1MNaH2PO4中。使用10mL戊烷/EtOAc的1∶1溶液洗涤水层,使用1MNaOH碱化至pH9,并使用EtOAc萃取。使用盐水洗涤合并的有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩以提供500mg2-(2-(2-氨基乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(产率为44%)。
单独地,将富马酸单甲基酯(263mg,2.02mmol)以及草酰氯(170μL,2.02mmol)吸收于10mLCH2Cl2中。添加数滴DMF后,在室温下搅拌反应混合物直至所有固体均溶解且所有气体逸出均停止为止(1h)。在0℃下,将此新制的酰氯溶液逐滴添加至含有于20mLCH2Cl2中的2-(2-(2-氨基乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(500mg)及Et3N(420μL,3mmol)的溶液中。将所得反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌2h。然后使用盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(CH2Cl2)进行纯化以提供450mg(E)-4-(2-(2-(2-(叔丁氧基羰基)乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。将此物质吸收于5mL于CH2Cl2溶液中的25%TFA中并将其在室温下静置4h。然后在减压下浓缩反应混合物以提供(E)-4-(2-(2-(2-氨基乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯的TFA盐。将此物质以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,403mg,1.23mmol)、HATU(517mg,1.35mmol)及DIEA(0.640mL)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h。然后使用EtOAc稀释并使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液及盐水连续洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供200mg(E)-4-(2-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)二硫烷基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。C31H46N2O4S2的MS(EI),计算值574.29;实测值:575(M+1)。
实施例13
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-3)的制备
将氢氧化钠(400mg,10mmol)溶于70mLMeOH中且添加二盐酸2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙胺(1.0g,5.65mmol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌30min。然后在室温下经15min时间逐滴添加含有于15mLTHF中的Boc2O(740mg,3.40mmol)的溶液。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌18h,然后在减压下浓缩。将所得残余物吸收于200mLCH2Cl2中并在室温下剧烈搅拌4h。过滤混合物且在减压下浓缩滤液以提供850mg2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(产率为74%)。
然后将2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1.0g,4.90mmol)以及富马酸单甲基酯(637mg,4.90mmol)和EDCI(1.7g,5.39mmol)吸收于20mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌18h。然后使用EtOAc(20mL)稀释,使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(9∶1CH2Cl2/MeOH)纯化所得残余物以提供1.0g(E)-4-(2-(2-(叔丁氧基羰基)乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(产率为64%)。C14H24N2O6的MS(EI),计算值:316.16;实测值:317(M+1)。
将(E)-4-(2-(2-(叔丁氧基羰基)乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(1.0g,3.16mmol)吸收于10mL于CH2Cl2中的25%TFA中。将反应混合物在室温下静置2h且然后在减压下浓缩以提供TFA盐形式的(E)-4-(2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。然后将此物质以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,1.0g,3.16mmol)、HATU(1.30g,3.5mmol)及DIEA(1.6mL)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,然后使用EtOAc稀释并使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液及盐水连续洗涤。
干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(60%EtOAc,40%戊烷)进行纯化以提供220mg(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(产率为13%)。C31H46N2O5的MS(EI),计算值:526.34;实测值:527(M+1)。
实施例14
(E)-4-(4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-40)的制备
将富马酸单甲基酯(650mg,5.0mmol)吸收于10mLCH2Cl2中且添加草酰氯(420μL,5.0mmol)。添加数滴DMF后,在室温下搅拌反应混合物直至所有气体逸出均停止为止(1h)。然后在0℃下将此新制的酰氯溶液逐滴添加至含有于20mLCH2Cl2中的Boc-哌嗪(930mg)及三乙胺(1.0mL,7.5mmol)的溶液中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌1h并使用盐水洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(CH2Cl2)进行纯化以提供310mg(E)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(产率为21%)。
将(E)-4-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯(310mg,1.04mmol)吸收于中5mL于CH2Cl2中的25%TFA中并将其在室温下静置2h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物以提供(E)-4-氧代-4-(哌嗪-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯的TFA盐。将此物质以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,375mg,1.04mmol)、HATU(435mg,1.14mmol)及DIEA(540μL)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h。然后使用EtOAc稀释并使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液及盐水连续洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(CH2Cl2)进行纯化以提供80mg(E)-4-(4-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(产率为15%)。C31H44N2O4的MS(EI)计算值:508.33;实测值:509(M+1)。
实施例15
富马酸2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基甲酯(化合物I-103)的制备
将(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,1.2g,3.66mmol)以及乙醇胺(220μL,3.66mmol)、HATU(1.5g,4.0mmol)及DIEA(950μL,5.49mmol)吸收于20mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h且然后使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩以提供粗制(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-(2-羟基乙基)二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺。将此物质以及(E)-4-氯-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3.66mmol)及三乙胺(765μL,5.49mmol)吸收于15mLCH2Cl2中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌18h。然后使用CH2Cl2稀释并使用盐水洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(60%EtOAc,40%戊烷)进行纯化以提供380mg富马酸2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙酯甲酯(产率为21%)。C29H41NO5的MS(EI),计算值:483.3;实测值:484(M+1)。
实施例16
(E)-4-((R)-3-(1-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-39)的制备
将1-(2-氨基乙基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮的TFA盐(Aldrich,280mg,1.10mmol)以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,360mg,1.1mmol)、HATU(460mg,1.2mmol)及DIEA(0.58mL)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h。然后使用EtOAc稀释并使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液及盐水连续洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(CH2Cl2)进行纯化以提供350mg(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-(2-(2,5-二氧代-2H-吡咯-1(5H)-基)乙基)二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺(产率为70%)。
单独地,将富马酸单甲基酯(100mg,0.77mmol)以及盐酸L-半胱胺酸甲酯(132mg,0.77mmol)、EDCI(245mg,0.77mmol)及N-甲基吗啉(85μL,0.77mmol)吸收于4mLCH3CN中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h。然后使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液及盐水洗涤有机层。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩以提供粗制(R,E)-4-(3-巯基-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。然后将此物质以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-(2-(2,5-二氧代-2H-吡咯-1(5H)-基)乙基)二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺(173mg,0.38mmol)吸收于3mLCH3CN中并在室温下搅拌30min。然后在减压下浓缩反应混合物。通过层析(CH2Cl2)进行纯化以提供(E)-4-((R)-3-(1-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基硫基)-1-甲氧基-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(22%)。C37H51N3O8S的MS(EI),计算值:697.34;实测值:698(M+1)。
实施例17
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-4)的制备
将N1-(2-氨基乙基)-N1-甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺(5.0g,42.7mmol)溶于100mLCH2Cl2中并冷却至0℃。然后在0℃下经15min时间逐滴添加于CH2Cl2(10mL)中的碳酸二-叔丁酯(0.93g,4.27mmol)的溶液。将所得反应混合物在0℃下搅拌30min且然后升温至室温。在室温下搅拌2h后,使用CH2Cl2(100mL)稀释反应混合物。使用盐水(3×25mL)洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩以提供1.1g2-((2-氨基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯。
将2-((2-氨基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(500mg,2.3mmol)以及水杨酸(310mg,2.3mmol)及EDCI(485mg,2.53mmol)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌18h且然后使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)纯化所得残余物以提供380mg2-((2-(2-羟基苯甲酰胺基)乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(产率为49%)。C17H27N3O4的MS(EI),计算值:337.2;实测值:338(M+1)。
将2-((2-(2-羟基苯甲酰胺基)乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基甲酸叔丁酯(380mg,1.13mmol)吸收于5mL于CH2Cl2中的25%TFA中并将其在室温下静置3h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物以提供N-(2-((2-氨基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙基)-2-羟基苯甲酰胺的TFA盐。将此物质以及(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酸(DHA,370mg,1.13mmol)、HATU(472mg,1.24mmol)及DIEA(0.59mL)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h。然后使用EtOAc稀释并使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液及盐水连续洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供420mgN-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙基)-2-羟基苯甲酰胺。C34H49N3O3的MS(EI),计算值:547.38;实测值:548(M+1)。
实施例18
(E)-4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-2)的制备
将(E)-4-(2-氨基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯的HCl盐(0.735mmol)以及(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-戊烯酸(EPA,222mg,0.735mmol)、HATU(307mg,0.81mmol)及DIEA(380μL)吸收于40mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h并使用EtOAc稀释。使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液、盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供300mg(E)-4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(产率为89%)。C27H40N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:456.3;实测值:457(M+1)。
实施例19
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(化合物I-66)的制备
使富马酸单乙基酯(市售)经受与先前在制备(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯中所述相同的反应条件。通过硅胶层析纯化后,可获得期望产物,即(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯。C30H40N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:496.33;实测值497(M+1)。
实施例20
(E)-4-(甲基(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-甲基二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)乙基)氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-104)的制备
按以下方式制备甲基(2-(甲基氨基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯:将N1,N2-乙-1,2-二胺(40mmol)溶于100mLCH2Cl2中并冷却至0℃。然后在0℃下经15min时间逐滴添加于CH2Cl2(10mL)中的碳酸二-叔丁酯(4.0mmol)的溶液。将所得反应混合物在0℃下搅拌30min且然后升温至室温。在室温下搅拌2h后,使用CH2Cl2(100mL)稀释反应混合物。使用盐水(3×25mL)洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩以提供甲基(2-(甲基氨基)乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯。使此胺经受与先前在制备(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯中相同的反应条件。通过硅胶层析纯化后,可获得期望产物,即(E)-4-(甲基(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-N-甲基二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)乙基)氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。C31H46N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:510.35;实测值511(M+1)。
实施例21
(E)-4-((2R,6S)-4-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基)-2,6-二甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-41)的制备
将(2R,6S)-2,6-二甲基哌嗪(173mg,1.52mmol)以及DHA(500mg,1.52mmol)和EDC(320mg)吸收于8mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h并在减压下浓缩。将所得残余物吸收于EtOAc中,使用盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩以提供(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-1-((3R,5S)-3,5-二甲基哌嗪-1-基)二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯-1-酮。将此物质和富马酸单甲基酯(198mg,1.52mmol)及HATU(635mg,1.67mmol)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h并使用EtOAc稀释。使用盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(梯度洗脱,戊烷至80%EtOAc,20%戊烷)进行纯化以提供180mg(E)-4-((2R,6S)-4-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰基)-2,6-二甲基哌嗪-1-基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。C33H48N2O4的MS(EI),计算值:536.36;实测值:537(M+1)。
实施例22
(R,E)-4-(2-(5-(1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(化合物I-105)的制备
将(E)-4-(2-氨基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯的HCl盐(0.515mmol)和R-类脂酸(TCI,106mg,0.515mmol)、HATU(215mg,0.567mmol)及DIEA(270μL,1.55mmol)吸收于10mLCH3CN中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌18h并使用EtOAc稀释。使用盐水洗涤有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供120mg(R,E)-4-(2-(5-(1,2-二硫戊环-3-基)戊酰胺基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。C15H24N2O4S的MS(EI),计算值:360.12;实测值361(M+1)。
实施例23
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-72)的制备
在典型试验中,将Cbz-Lys(OtBu)NH2盐酸盐(10g,26.8mmol)吸收于CH2Cl2(100mL)中并使用N-甲基吗啉(6.18mL,56.3mmol)进行处理。在0℃下,将此溶液缓慢添加至于100mLCH2Cl2中的氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(5.66g,28.2mmol)的溶液中。然后将反应升温至室温并在室温下搅拌过夜,使用NaHCO3饱和水溶液(3×100mL)、盐水洗涤后,通过Na2SO4干燥溶液并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(10%EtOAc/90%戊烷)纯化残余物以提供中间体4-硝基苯基衍生物(11g;81%)。将此中间体4-硝基苯基衍生物(10g,20mmol)以及2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙醇(4.3mL,30mmol)吸收于l50mL无水THF中并冷却至0℃。然后在氩气氛下添加t-BuOK(2.9g,26mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜且然后分配于EtOAc(300mL)与盐水(300mL)之间。使用盐水洗涤有机层,通过Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(梯度洗脱,使用EtOAc/戊烷的混合物)纯化所得残余物以提供(S)-6-(苄氧基羰基)-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(4g;37%)。
将(S)-6-(苄氧基羰基)-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(4g,8.33mmol)以及Pd/C(10%,400mg)吸收于40mLMeOH中。使用氮充分吹扫所得反应混合物且然后在1atmH2及室温下搅拌过夜。经由硅藻土垫过滤反应混合物并在减压下浓缩滤液,通过硅胶层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)纯化所得残余物以提供(S)-6-氨基-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(2g;69%)。
在0℃和氩惰性气氛下,向于10mL乙腈中的(S)-6-氨基-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(800mg,2.31mmol)、富马酸单甲酯(361mg,2.77mmol)、DIEA(1.1mL,6.93mmol)的搅拌混合物中一次性添加HATU(1.14g,3.00mmol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h且然后在减压下浓缩。使用EtOAc(50mL)稀释所得残余物并使用盐水洗涤,通过Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(EtOAc/戊烷)进行纯化以提供(S,E)-6-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(900mg,85%)。
将此甲硅烷基化材料(900mg,1.97mmol)吸收于15mL于THF中的四-正丁基氟化铵的1M溶液中并在室温和氩惰性气氛下搅拌18h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物以提供(S,E)-2-氨基-6-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯。此物质未经进一步纯化即用于下一步骤。
将上文制得的粗制(S,E)-2-氨基-6-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯以及EPA(654mg,2.17mmol)、DIEA(1.6mL,9.85mmol)、HATU(973mg,2.56mmol)吸收于40mL乙腈中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,且然后在减压下浓缩。将所得残余物吸收于50mLEtOAc中并使用水、盐水洗涤。通过Na2SO4干燥有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(EtOAc/戊烷)进行纯化以提供(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯(200mg,17%,经2步)。
将(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯(200mg,0.334mmol)吸收于3mL于二噁烷中的4NHCl溶液中并在室温和氩惰性气氛下搅拌2h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物且将所得残余物分配于30mLEtOAc与30mL水之间。使用盐水进一步洗涤有机层直至水层的pH接近中性为止,通过Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。通过制备型HPLC(使用已经0.1%TFA缓冲的水性乙腈的混合物)进行纯化以提供(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸。(90mg;50%)。C31H46N2O6的MS(EI),计算值:542.34;实测值543(M+1)。
实施例24
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-7)的制备
在典型试验中,将(S)-6-氨基-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(2g,5.78mmol)以及HATU(3.29g,8.67mmol)、DHA(2.28g,6.94mmol)和DIEA(2.9mL,17.4mmol)吸收于30mL乙腈中。将所得反应混合物在室温和氩惰性气氛下搅拌2h且然后在减压下浓缩。将所得残余物吸收于100mLEtOAc中并使用盐水洗涤。通过Na2SO4干燥有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(EtOAc/戊烷)进行纯化以提供(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(2.8g;80%)。
将(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基)羰基)己酸叔丁酯(2.8g,4.26mmol)吸收于50mL于THF中的四-正丁基氟化铵的1M溶液中,且在室温和氩惰性气氛下搅拌18h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物且所得粗产物未经进一步纯化即用于下一步骤。
将上文制得的粗制(S)-2-氨基-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯以及富马酸单甲基酯(610mg,4.69mmol)、DIEA(3.0mL,18.8mmol)和HATU(2.4g,6.39mmol)吸收于40mL乙腈中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,且然后在减压下浓缩。将所得残余物吸收于100mLEtOAc中并使用水及盐水洗涤。通过Na2SO4干燥有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(EtOAc/戊烷)进行纯化以提供(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯(500mg,30%)。
将(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸叔丁酯(500mg)吸收于6mL于二噁烷中的4NHCl溶液中,且在室温和氩惰性气氛下搅拌2h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物且将所得残余物分配于30mLEtOAc与30mL水之间。使用盐水进一步洗涤有机层直至水层的pH接近中性为止,通过Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。通过制备型HPLC(使用已经0.1%TFA缓冲的水性乙腈的混合物)进行纯化以提供(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(160mg;35%)。C33H48N2O6的MS(EI),计算值:568.35;实测值569(M+1)。
实施例25
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-24)的制备
使用与Andruszkiewicz等人在SyntheticCommunications2008,38,p.905-913中所述相同的反应顺序自2-氨基乙氨基甲酸苄基酯制备(2-氨基-乙基)-(2-苄氧基羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(与丙烯腈进行反应,随后使用BOC基团保护仲胺,且使用霍夫曼重排利用较小的亚甲基单元将腈基团转化成氨基)。将(2-氨基-乙基)-(2-苄氧基羰基氨基-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(500mg,1.48mmol)以及4-甲基吗啉(449mg,4.44mmol)吸收于15mLCH2Cl2中并冷却至0℃。然后在0℃下添加氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯(328mg,1.63mmol)。将所得反应混合物升温至室温并搅拌16h。然后使用水稀释。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。通过层析(95%CH2Cl2,5%MeOH)进行纯化以提供中间体氨基甲酸硝基苯基酯(480mg;64%)。
在0℃下,将叔丁醇钠(113mg,1.01mmol)添加至含有于THF(10mL)中的中间体氨基甲酸硝基苯基酯(480mg,0.96mmol)及2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙醇(136mg,1.15mmol)的混合物中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌18h且然后在减压下浓缩。使所得残留物分配于EtOAc与水之间。通过Na2SO4干燥有机层并在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(3∶1戊烷/EtOAc)进行纯化以提供完全保护的三胺衍生物(190mg;41%)。将此完全保护的三胺(190mg,0.40mmol)以及5%Pd/C(50mg)吸收于MeOH(5mL)中,且将所得混合物在1atm氢和室温下搅拌16h。经由硅藻土垫过滤反应混合物且在减压下浓缩澄清滤液。通过硅胶层析(9∶1CH2Cl2/MeOH)进行纯化以提供(2-氨基-乙基)-[2-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙氧基羰基氨基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(80mg;58%)。
将(2-氨基-乙基)-[2-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙氧基羰基氨基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(80mg,0.23mmol)以及富马酸单甲基酯(30mg,0.23mmol)、DIEA(90mg,0.69mmol)及HATU(105mg,0.28mmol)吸收于5mL乙腈中。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h,且然后在减压下浓缩。将所得残余物吸收于EtOAc中并使用盐水洗涤。通过Mg2SO4干燥有机层且然后在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶层析(3∶1戊烷/EtOAc)进行纯化以提供油状物形式的期望酰胺衍生物(80mg;75%)。将此物质吸收于3mL于二噁烷中的4NHCl溶液中并在室温和氩惰性气氛下搅拌1h。在减压下浓缩反应混合物且将所得残余物分配于30mLEtOAc与30mL水之间。使用盐水进一步洗涤有机层直至水层的pH接近中性为止,通过Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。通过制备型HPLC(使用已经0.1%TFA缓冲的水性乙腈的混合物)进行纯化以提供(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯。C31H47N3O4的MS(EI),计算值:525.36;实测值526(M+1)。
等效形式
本领域技术人员仅使用常规实验即可了解或能确定本文所具体阐述的特定实施方案的许多等效形式。此类等效形式意欲涵盖于下列权利要求的范围内。
Claims (34)
1.式I化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体;
其中
W1和W2独立地为O或NR,或W1和W2可合起来形成未取代的咪唑烷或哌嗪基团;
每个a、b、c和d独立地为-H、-D、-CH3或-C(O)OR;
n、o、p和q独立地为0、1或2;
L独立地为-O-;-S-;-S(O)-;-S-S-;-(C1-C6烷基)-;
其中L的表示在方向上并不限于所示的自左至右,而是L的左侧或右侧可结合至式I化合物的W1侧;
m为0或1;
R4独立地为H或C1-C6烷基;
Z独立地为
t为1;
s独立地为3、5或6;
v独立地为1、2或6;
R1和R2独立地为-H;-D;-C1-C4烷基;或-卤素;
R3独立地为H或-C1-C6烷基;和
每个R独立地为-H或未取代的或被OH或卤素取代的直链或支链C1-C4烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中每个R独立地为-C1-C3烷基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述立体异构体为对映异构体。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物具有式IA:
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物,其中所述立体异构体为对映异构体。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物具有式IB:
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
7.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中所述立体异构体为对映异构体。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物具有式IC:
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
9.如权利要求8所述的化合物,其中所述立体异构体为对映异构体。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中W1和W2各为NH。
11.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中n、o、p和q中的两个各为1。
12.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中n、o、p和q中的两个各为1,和另两个各为0。
13.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中m为0。
14.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中m为1。
15.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中L选自-O-、-N(R4)-、
16.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3为CH3。
17.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中W1和W2各为NH,m为0,n和o各为1,和p和q各为0。
18.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-1);
(E)-4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-2);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氧基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-3);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-7);
(S)-6-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-71);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-10);
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-72);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-24);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-73);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-4);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-74);
(S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-80);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-81);
(S)-5-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-84);
(S)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-85);
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-66);
(E)-4-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-75);
(S)-6-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-69);
(S)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-6-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)己酸(I-76);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-6-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)己酸(I-70);
(S)-6-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)己酸(I-77);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-68);
(E)-4-(2-(2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-79);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-67);
(E)-4-(2-((2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基乙基)(甲基)氨基)乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸乙酯(I-78);
(S)-5-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-88);
(S)-2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基)-5-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-89);
(S)-2-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-5-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-92);和
(S)-5-((E)-4-乙氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酰胺基)-2-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酰胺基)戊酸(I-93)。
19.如权利要求4所述的化合物,其中所述化合物为:
(E)-4-(2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-二十二碳-4,7,10,13,16,19-六烯酰胺基乙氨基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(I-1)。
20.一种药物组合物,其包含如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
21.如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗炎性疾病的药物中的用途。
22.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中所述炎性疾病与代谢病症相关。
23.如权利要求22所述的用途,其中所述代谢病症选自II型糖尿病、胰岛素抗性、心血管疾病、心律不齐、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、血脂异常、视网膜病变、神经病变、IgA肾病变、慢性肾病(CKD)和肾的炎性疾病。
24.如权利要求23所述的用途,其中所述肾的炎性疾病选自尿毒性并发症和肾小球性肾炎。
25.如权利要求23所述的用途,其中所述血脂异常为高甘油三酯血症。
26.如权利要求23所述的用途,其中所述神经病变为糖尿病性神经病变。
27.如权利要求23所述的用途,其中所述视网膜病变为黄斑水肿。
28.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中所述炎性疾病为囊性纤维化、哮喘、硬化性皮炎、银屑病、关节炎、回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、巴雷特氏综合征、克罗恩氏病或湿疹。
29.如权利要求22所述的用途,其中所述代谢病症为肾病。
30.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中所述炎性疾病为炎性肠病。
31.如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗神经退化性疾病的药物中的用途。
32.如权利要求31所述的用途,其中所述神经退化性疾病为多发性硬化、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)或阿尔茨海默病。
33.如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗杜氏肌营养不良的药物中的用途。
34.如权利要求20所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗杜氏肌营养不良的药物中的用途。
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