CN102775919B - 用于结合聚氨酯和铝的粘合剂 - Google Patents

用于结合聚氨酯和铝的粘合剂 Download PDF

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CN102775919B
CN102775919B CN201110214366.5A CN201110214366A CN102775919B CN 102775919 B CN102775919 B CN 102775919B CN 201110214366 A CN201110214366 A CN 201110214366A CN 102775919 B CN102775919 B CN 102775919B
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aluminum
polyurethane
graphene oxide
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赵显哲
李省勋
李大洙
姜祁昊
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Abstract

本发明提供一种粘合剂，其包括：包括环氧基、羟基或羧酸基的石墨烯氧化物；和包括胺基、环氧基、羧酸基、羟基或巯基的烷氧基硅烷化合物。更具体地，该粘合剂可用于将聚氨酯与铝材料结合，其中相比于仅包括硅烷化合物的粘合剂，硅烷化合物和石墨烯氧化物用于提高粘合强度。另外，在使用后用于回收的分离过程中，铝材料和聚氨酯可以很容易地通过因石墨烯氧化物的微波吸收特性造成的快速加热而通过聚氨酯的热解相互分离。

Description

用于结合聚氨酯和铝的粘合剂
技术领域
本发明涉及用于结合聚氨酯和铝的粘合剂。
背景技术
最近，已经发展出制造滚动阻抗(rollingresistance)低的轻质轮胎的环境友好技术以改进燃料效率车辆。主要地，轮胎的滚动阻抗已通过将二氧化硅填料应用于轮胎面内而得以降低，但这种技术已达到饱和点，最近没有实现进一步的改进。因而，由氨基甲酸酯材料制成的非气轮胎处于领先的全球化公司的开发中，以实现低滚动阻抗和轻质方面的改进。
然而，当使用氨基甲酸酯时，由于其结构与常规轮胎的结构有相当大的差异，因此需要氨基甲酸酯与铝材料粘附(adhesion)。因此，必需发展粘附性能改进剂的粘合剂，以使该粘附适当发生。
而且，就环境友好方面而言，需要发展能够很容易地在收集和回收产品的过程中从用尽的产品中分离氨基甲酸酯材料的技术。
上述背景技术部分公开的信息仅用于增强对本发明背景的理解，因此其可能含有不构成在该国本领域普通技术人员已经知晓的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明提供一种能够改进氨基甲酸酯和铝材料之间的粘合强度、并且如果需要能够在解构过程中很容易地将氨基甲酸酯与铝材料分离的粘合剂。
在优选实施方式中，本发明提供一种粘合剂，其包括：由环氧基、羟基或羧酸基组成的石墨烯氧化物(grapheneoxide)；和在其表面上由胺基、环氧基、羧酸基、羟基或巯基组成的烷氧基硅烷化合物。
另一方面，本发明提供一种通过粘合剂粘附的聚氨酯-铝复合材料，以及用于分离该复合材料的方法。
在优选实施方式中，本发明提供一种通过粘合剂粘附的铝-氨基甲酸酯复合材料。
在另一个优选实施方式中，本发明提供一种用于分离铝-聚氨酯复合材料的方法，其包括将微波辐射至铝-氨基甲酸酯复合材料内的步骤。
本发明的上述和其它特征在下文讨论。
附图说明
现在将参考本发明的某些示例性实施方案来详细地说明本发明的上述和其它特征，其在所附附图中加以图示，下文给出的这些实施方案仅仅用于说明，因此不是对本发明的限制，其中：
图1是显示本发明的粘合剂的粘附的概念图；
图2是用于评价铝和聚氨酯之间粘合强度的样品的概念图；
图3显示通过使用实施例1-4的粘合剂粘附的样品的断口截面(fracture-crosssection)，其中断口截面通过11-44表示；
图4是显示实施例1的样品的分离的照片。
应当理解到，所附的附图并非必然是按比例的，其说明了本发明基本原理的各种优选特征的一定程度上简化的代表。本文公开的本发明的具体设计特征，包括，例如，具体大小、方向、位置和形状将部分取决于具体的既定用途和使用环境。
在附图中，附图标记在几张图中通篇指代本发明的相同或等同部件。
具体实施方式
下面将详细地参照本发明的各个实施方式，其实施例图示在附图中，并在下文加以说明。尽管本发明将结合示例性实施方式进行描述，但应当理解，本说明书无意于将本发明局限于这些示例性实施方式。相反，本发明不仅要涵盖这些示例性实施方式，还要涵盖各种替换方式、变化方式、等同方式和其它实施方式，其均可以包括在所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围之内。
本发明涉及一种粘合剂，其包括：包括环氧基、羟基或羧酸基的石墨烯氧化物；和包括胺基、环氧基、羧酸基、羟基或巯基的烷氧基硅烷化合物。石墨烯氧化物可以是通过在石墨的机械剥落或化学处理之后进行超声剥落制备的常规石墨烯氧化物。石墨烯氧化物在其表面上由环氧基、羟基或羧基组成。该官能团允许与聚氨酯弹性体的制备中使用的预聚物的异氰酸酯基团反应。在下述的示例性反应图式1和2中，烷氧基硅烷的烷氧基与水反应以形成硅烷醇，其通过酸性条件下的溶胶-凝胶反应与铝表面上的羟基结合。
[反应图式1]
Si——(OC2H5)3+3H2O—→Si——(OH)3+3C2H5OH
[反应图式2]
而且，如反应图式3和4所示，氨基硅烷的胺基与石墨烯氧化物的环氧基反应以产生羟基，产生的羟基或仲胺基通过与聚氨酯弹性体的制备中使用的预聚物的异氰酸酯基团进行氨基甲酸酯形成反应，从而与聚氨酯连接。
[反应图式3]
[反应图式4]
硅烷化合物可以是许多种化合物，例如缩水甘油基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)、氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)和巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。其可以定义为具有以下特征的硅氧烷化合物：包括能够经由溶胶-凝胶反应与铝结合的烷氧基以及与石墨烯氧化物的环氧基、羟基或羧酸基发生反应的基团。
显示本发明的粘合剂的粘附的概念图在图1中显示。可以包括50～99wt％的石墨烯氧化物和1～50wt％的烷氧基硅烷化合物。如果石墨烯氧化物的含量少于50wt％，在使用后用于回收的分离过程中通过微波吸收进行的聚氨酯热解会发生问题。
另外，本发明涉及通过粘合剂粘附的铝-聚氨酯复合材料。而且，本发明涉及用于分离铝-聚氨酯复合材料的方法，其包括加热铝-聚氨酯复合材料的步骤。加热可以通过微波辐射的方式进行。具体地，微波辐射可以在500～1000瓦特下进行约10秒～30分钟。
实施例
下述实施例对本发明加以示例，而无意于对本发明进行限制。
制备例：石墨烯氧化物的制备
将天然石墨通过Hummer’s法使用高锰酸钾、硫酸、过氧化氢或类似物处理，然后进行超声剥落，以制备石墨烯氧化物。将制备的石墨烯氧化物使用元素分析仪(模型：VarioMICRO-Cube，由德国ElementalarAnalysensystemeGmbH制造)进行分析，结果显示碳含量为69.9wt％，氢含量为1.0wt％，氮含量为1.2wt％，硫含量为2.3wt％，氧含量为25.5wt％。
实施例，比较例
将石墨烯氧化物分散在乙醇/水(体积比为95/5)的混合物中，制备1wt％的溶液，然后将硅烷化合物以下表1所示的量加入制备例中制备的石墨烯氧化物，并在室温下搅拌6h用以硅烷化合物与石墨烯氧化物官能团之间的反应，从而制备用于铝和聚氨酯之间的粘附的粘合剂。
[表1]
测试例
本发明参考其优选实施方式进行了详细说明。然而，本领域技术人员能够理解，可以在不偏离本发明的原理和精神的情况下对这些实施方式进行改变，本发明的范围由所附的权利要求及其等同方式限定。
测试例1：粘附性能的评价
将弱乙酸水溶液加入到制备的粘合剂溶液中，直到酸度达到pH5，然后喷射到铝样品上，并在约90℃下干燥。
为了制备聚氨酯弹性体以评价铝材料和聚氨酯弹性体之间的粘合强度，使用重均分子量约2000的聚(四亚甲基醚二醇)和亚甲基二-4，4二亚苯基二异氰酸酯来制备含有10wt％异氰酸酯的液体聚氨酯预聚物。将聚氨酯预聚物应用于涂覆有粘合剂的铝样品，然后粘附到其它涂覆有粘合剂的铝样品上，以制备用于评价搭接剪切粘附(lapshearadhesion)的样品，如图2所示。将聚氨酯预聚物在烘箱中在约120℃下固化，以制备用于评价粘合强度的样品。
粘合强度测试的结果在表2中显示。通过使用实施例1的粘合剂粘附的样品的断口截面图在图3中显示。在照片中，上面的白色部分是聚氨酯的断口部分，下面部分是铝。
[表2]
在实施例1-4中，相比于没有加入石墨烯氧化物的比较例1-2，石墨烯氧化物的加入显示粘合强度的增加，其具有强化作用。
测试例2：复合材料的分离
将如测试例1中那样通过使用实施例1制备的粘合剂来粘附聚氨酯和铝材料而制备的样品，在700瓦特的微波炉中用微波辐射10分钟。图4是实施例1的照片，其很容易由于微波辐射通过聚氨酯的降解而分离。发现很容易由于聚氨酯的降解而完成分离。
发明效果
本发明提供用于将聚氨酯弹性体与铝材料结合的粘合剂，其中相比于仅包括硅烷化合物的粘合剂，硅烷化合物和石墨烯氧化物用于提高粘合强度。另外，在使用后用于回收的分离过程中，铝材料和聚氨酯可以很容易地通过因石墨烯氧化物的微波吸收特性造成的快速加热而通过聚氨酯的热解相互分离。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于结合聚氨酯和铝的粘合剂，其包括：
50～99wt％的包括环氧基、羟基或羧酸基的石墨烯氧化物；和
1～50wt％的包括胺基、环氧基、羧酸基、羟基或巯基的烷氧基硅烷化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的粘合剂，其中所述包括胺基、环氧基、羧酸基、羟基或巯基的烷氧基硅烷化合物是缩水甘油基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
3.一种使用如权利要求1或2所述的粘合剂粘附的铝-聚氨酯复合材料。
4.一种用于分离铝-聚氨酯复合材料的方法，其包括：
在500～1000瓦特下持续10秒～30分钟将微波辐射至使用如权利要求1或2所述的粘合剂粘附的铝-聚氨酯复合材料内。
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