CN102774394B - Rail road car truck with self-steering equipment - Google Patents

Rail road car truck with self-steering equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102774394B
CN102774394B CN201210176634.3A CN201210176634A CN102774394B CN 102774394 B CN102774394 B CN 102774394B CN 201210176634 A CN201210176634 A CN 201210176634A CN 102774394 B CN102774394 B CN 102774394B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
side frame
spring
bearing seat
bolster
seat
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Application number
CN201210176634.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102774394A (en
Inventor
詹姆斯.W.福布斯
贾马尔.赫马蒂安
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National Steel Car Ltd
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National Steel Car Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CA2454472A external-priority patent/CA2454472C/en
Application filed by National Steel Car Ltd filed Critical National Steel Car Ltd
Publication of CN102774394A publication Critical patent/CN102774394A/en
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Publication of CN102774394B publication Critical patent/CN102774394B/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00—Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/02—Axle-boxes with journal bearings
    • B61F15/08—Axle-boxes with journal bearings the axle being slidable or tiltable in the bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B61F5/122—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers with friction surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/14—Side bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/28—Axle-boxes integral with, or directly secured to, vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/308—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating damping devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/40—Bogies with side frames mounted for longitudinal relative movements

Abstract

A rail road freight car truck has a truck bolster and a pair of side frames, the truck bolster being mounted transversely relative to the side frames. The mounting interface between the ends of the axles and the sideframe pedestals allows lateral rocking motion of the sideframes in the manner of a swing motion truck. The lateral swinging motion is combined with a longitudinal self steering capability. The self steering capability may be obtained by use of a longitudinally oriented rocker that may tend to permit resistance to deflection that is proportional to the weight carried across the interface. The truck may have auxiliary centering elements mounted in the pedestal seats, and those auxiliary centering elements may be made of resilient elastomeric material. The truck may also have friction dampers that have a disinclination to stick-slip behaviour. The friction dampers may be provided with brake linings, or similar features, on the face engaging the sideframe columns, on the slope face, or both. The friction dampers may operate to yield upward and downward friction forces that are not overly unequal. The friction dampers may be mounted in a four-cornered arrangement at each end of the truck bolster. The spring groups may include sub-groups of springs of different heights.

Description

There is the rail road freight car truck of low damage device
The divisional application that the application is international filing date is on July 8th, 2004, national applications number is 200480025644.0, denomination of invention is the application for a patent for invention of " steering rack for train carriage and its component ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway carriage field, and relate more particularly to the piece rail road car truck field for railway carriage.
Background technology
The railway carriage of North America generally uses the two axletree pivoted bogies being known as " three piece truck " to roll along one group of rail to make it.Described term " three-member type " refers to truck bolster and the first and second side frames pair.In three piece truck, truck bolster is relative to side frame horizontal expansion, and the end of described truck bolster projects through described side frame window.By being arranged on the spring assembly transmitting forces between described truck bolster and described side frame in the spring perch in side frame.Described side frame sends application force to described side frame guide.Described pedestal is arranged on bearing seat, and application force passes to bearing, axletree, wheel successively, and finally passes to track." 1980 compartments and locomotive cyc " (1980 Car & Locomotive Cyclopedia) is the 669th page of record, three piece truck brings " interchangeability, structural reliability and low original cost, but this is cost with the high maintenance cost of poor ride quality and compartment and track ".
Ride quality can judge by many different standards.For longitudinal driving quality, usual extreme condition be travel rapidly level road is shunt (flat switching) or slowly test run and slip sail (run-out) during the maximum longitudinal acceleration of expection that stands.For vertical ride quality, be crucial decisive factor by the vertical force transmission hung.For cross running quality, it relates to the transverse response of suspension.Also should consider other phenomenon, such as, bogie truck swings, the low damage ability of bogie truck, and no matter is any input disturbance, and bogie truck attenuates the ability of undesirable motion.These phenomenons are mutually related often, and are optimized produced system for a phenomenon and differ to hanging and be decided to be other phenomenons and bring best performance.
At optimization bogie truck aspect of performance, advantageously can obtain horizontal soft dynamic response relative to vertical disturbance, to realize the measurement to low damage, and the drag to diamonding (or parallelogramming deflection) can be kept.Diamonding or parallelogramming deflection are that truck bolster described above is out of shape relative to the non-square of the side frame of described bogie truck.Low damage is desirable often, and reason is that it can reduce resistance and often can reduce the wearing and tearing to wheel and track, and can obtain the overall ride quality of pulsation-free more.
Bogie truck type discussed in the present patent application is hunting motion bogie truck.The comparatively early patent of hunting motion bogie truck is the US Patent 3,670,660 of the people such as Weber, is promulgated on June 20th, 1972.The lateral cross that this bogie truck has nonelastic support supports, and its essence is the crossbeam linked together by side frame.On the contrary, ensuing explanation describes and does not use laterally without several embodiments of the bogie truck of spring intersecting member, but bogie truck can be the shock absorber component that can use each end being arranged on truck bolster with four angle apparatus.The comparatively early patent of shock absorber is the US Patent 3,714,905 of Barber, is promulgated on February 6th, 1973.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides one in its each side and carries out double-swing steering rack for train carriage at side frame guide to wheel set axletree end interface place.The present invention also provides a kind of bogie truck with low damage, and the weight that described low damage and described bogie truck carry is proportional.The present invention can also have longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use at side frame to axletree end interface place.In addition, the present invention can provide the hunting motion bogie truck with low damage.The present invention also provides the hunting motion bogie truck of the combination with the horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use of hunting motion and neoprene bearing seat cushion.
In one aspect of the invention, there is a kind of wheel set for steering rack for train carriage to sideframe interface assemblies.Described interface module has bearing seat and coordinates drawing strickle guide seat.Described bearing seat has the first and second ends, and described first and second ends form the interlocking insert between a pair pedestal jaws of railway carriage side frame.Described bearing seat has the first oscillating structural member.Described drawing strickle guide seat has the second oscillating structural member.Described first and second oscillating structural members can engage the horizontal and vertical swing realized therebetween ordinatedly.Between described bearing seat and described drawing strickle guide seat, there is elastic component.Described elastic component has the part being formed as engaging with the described first end of described bearing seat.Described elastic component has accommodating chamber, and it is formed as the engage allowing described first and second oscillating structural members.
Of the present invention described in feature in, described elastic component has the first and second ends, its formed to be interposed between described bearing seat and the described pedestal jaws of described side frame.In another feature, described elastic component has the shape of Pennsy pad, and described Pennsy spacer has the groove being formed as limiting accommodating chamber.In another feature, described elastic component is neoprene component.In another feature, described neoprene component is made up of elastomeric material.In another feature, described neoprene component is made up of polyurethane.In another feature, described accommodating chamber formed by described tartan and described first oscillating structural member projection at least local path through described accommodating chamber to contact described second oscillating structural member.In other feature, described bearing seat is bearing block assembly, and it comprises the bearing seat that described first oscillating structural member is located thereon.In other additional features, described first oscillating structural member is formed by the material being different from described bearing body.In another additional features, described first oscillating structural member is insert.
In another additional features, described first oscillating structural member has coverage zone, and described coverage zone has the profile consistent with described accommodating chamber.In another additional features, described profile and described accommodating chamber are demarcated to stop described first oscillating structural member relative to described bearing seat location of mistake mutually.In another additional features, described body and described first oscillating structural member are locked the location of mistake stoped therebetween.In another feature, described accommodating chamber is formed by described elastic component and the outstanding at least local path of described second oscillating structural member passes described accommodating chamber to contact described first oscillating structural member.In another feature, described drawing strickle guide seat is included in the insert being wherein formed with described second oscillating structural member.In another feature, described second oscillating structural member has coverage zone, and described coverage zone has the profile consistent with described accommodating chamber.
In another feature, the described part being formed as the described elastic component engaged with the described first end of described bearing seat comprises when mounted and is interposed in component between the described first end of described bearing seat and described pedestal jaws to stop described bearing seat relative to the horizontal and vertical movement of described fixing device.
In another feature of the present invention, each end of described bearing seat comprises and connects by a pair turning the end wall that boundary supports.Described end wall and turning connect boundary's formation groove and are slidably inserted between the described pedestal jaws of described side frame to allow described bearing seat.The described part that described elastic component is formed as engaging with the described first end of described bearing seat is first end.Described elastic component has the second end being formed as closing with described second termination of described bearing seat.Described elastic component has the pars intermedia extended between described first and second ends.Described accommodating chamber is formed in the described pars intermedia of described elastic component.In another feature, described elastic component has the form of Pennsy pad, and described Pennsy pad is formed with central opening to limit described accommodating chamber.
In another aspect of this invention, the wheel set on steering rack for train carriage has interface module to sideframe interface assemblies, and described interface module has bearing seat, drawing strickle guide seat and elastic component.Described bearing seat has first end and the second end, and described first end and the second end respectively have and connect by a pair turning the end wall that boundary supports.Described end wall and turning connect boundary's cooperation to form groove, and this groove allows described bearing seat to be slidably inserted between a pair thrust ear of side frame guide.Described bearing seat has the first oscillating structural member.Described drawing strickle guide seat has the second oscillating structural member to engage with described first oscillating structural member.Described first and second oscillating structural members are used for when engaging turning to make described steering rack for train carriage relative to described side frame longitudinal oscillation.Described elastic component has the first end that can engage with the described first end of described bearing seat, to be interposed between the described first end of described bearing seat and described first pedestal jaws thrust ear.Described elastic component has the second end that can close with described second termination of described bearing seat, to be interposed between described second end of described bearing seat and described second pedestal jaws thrust ear.Described elastic component has the pars intermedia between described first and second ends.The cooperation that described pars intermedia is formed as adapting to described first and second oscillating structural members swings joint.
In another feature, have the cushion used with described bearing seat, described bearing seat has and to coordinate with the described oscillating structural member of described drawing strickle guide seat and to swing the oscillating structural member engaged.Described elastic component second of having that described second termination of first and the described bearing seat engaged with the described first end of described bearing seat closes and the pars intermedia between described first and second ends.Described pars intermedia is formed as the engage adapting to described oscillating structural member.
Of the present invention described in feature in, have wheel set to side frame assembly set, described assembly set has the drawing strickle guide seat in the top for being arranged on rail road car truck sideframe drawing strickle guide.The elastic component that there is the bearing seat on the bearing of the wheel set being installed to steering rack for train carriage and be installed on described bearing seat.Described bearing seat has the first oscillating structural member engaged with swing relation with described drawing strickle guide seat.Described bearing seat has first end and the second end, and described two ends have end wall and support one of described end wall docks boundary to form groove, and it allows described bearing seat to be slidably inserted between a pair side frame guide fixing device thrust ear.Described elastic component have consistent with the described first end of described bearing seat first to be interposed between described bearing seat and thrust ear.Elastic component has and described first second of being connected, and described second covers at least partly when mounted and put on described bearing seat.
In another feature, described wheel set to side frame assembly set has second of described elastic component, and described second has the edge of its external surface to described first oscillating structural member.Described first oscillating structural member is configured as and is positioned near described profile.In another feature, wheel set to side frame assembly set has the bearing seat that comprises body and described first oscillating structural member can separate with described body.In another feature, described wheel set to side frame assembly set has second of described elastic component, and described second has the edge of its external surface to described first component, and described first component forming is be positioned near described profile.In another feature, described wheel set to side frame assembly set has profile and the first oscillating structural member, and described first oscillating structural member is configured as the location of mistake stoping described first oscillating structural member when mounted.In another feature, described wheel set to side frame assembly set has the first oscillating structural member with body, and described body is reciprocally locked to contribute to described first oscillating structural member location when mounted.In another feature, described wheel set to side frame assembly set has the first oscillating structural member and the body with the feature that is bonded with each other.Described feature is mutually locked to stop the location of mistake when mounted of described oscillating structural member.
In another feature, described assembly has the second elastic component, and described second elastic component is consistent with the second end of described bearing seat.In another feature, described wheel set to side frame assembly set comprises drawing strickle guide seat attachment, and it is for locating described elastic component relative to the described drawing strickle guide seat on described assembly.In another feature, described elastic component comprises the second end, and described the second end is consistent with described second end of described bearing seat.
In additional features, have at described bearing seat of taking turns transmission load between supplementary bearing and the side frame guide of steering rack for train carriage.Described bearing seat has at least the first and second platforms engaged with described bearing and the groove be formed between described first and second platforms.Described groove axially extends along main relative to described bearing.In another additional features, described platform is set to the array consistent with described bearing and described groove is formed in the summit of described array.In another additional features, described bearing seat comprises the second groove, and described second groove extends relative to described bearing circumference.In another additional features, the groove that the groove of described radial direction extension and described circumference extend extends along the second axis of symmetry of described bearing seat.
In another feature, described radial extending flute along described bearing seat first axis of symmetry extend and described circumferential extending flute along described bearing seat second axis of symmetry extend.In another feature, described bearing seat has the platform be formed in circumference arc.In another feature, described bearing seat has oscillating structural member, and described oscillating structural member has swing surface right upward.In another feature, described bearing seat has body, and described body has the oscillating structural member that can be separated with it.
In another aspect of this invention, there is the bearing seat be arranged in rail road car truck sideframe drawing strickle guide.Described bearing seat has the top can closed with drawing strickle guide seated connection and the bottom that can engage with bearing case.Described bottom has summit.Described bottom comprises and first of described bearing case the first platform engaged and second the second platform area combined with described bearing case.Described first platform is positioned at the side on described summit.Described second platform is positioned at the opposite side on described summit.At least one groove is between described first and second platforms.
In additional features, described groove has main dimension, is extending when described main dimension orientates installation as relative to the axial bearing of trend of bearing starts along described summit.In another feature, described groove is positioned at described summit.In another feature, have at least two grooves, described two grooves are positioned at the either side of bridging member, and described bridging member extends between described first and second platforms.
In another aspect of this invention, the assembly for improvement of steering rack for train carriage has the neoprene component be arranged on bearing seat.Described assembly comprises fitted shaft bearing and the pairing of drawing strickle guide seat.Described bearing seat and described drawing strickle guide seat have the bidirectional swinging component that can cooperate.Described drawing strickle guide seat has the section depth of about 1/2 inch.
In another aspect of this invention, steering rack for train carriage has the side frame of bolster and a pair cooperation, is arranged in wheel set with the operation of rolling along railroad track.Bogie truck has and is arranged on goods of furniture for display rather than for use between described side frame to allow described side frame teeter.Described bogie truck does not use laterally without spring supporting crossbeam between described side frame.Described side frame respectively have laterally pendulum high L, the high L of described pendulum measure in mass loading pass to described side frame place lower position and vertically antagonistic force pass between the upper position of the described goods of furniture for display rather than for use at described side frame place.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use comprises male member, and described male member has radius of curvature r 1, and r 13 are less than with the ratio of L.
In another feature in described, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has the female member with male member engage.Described female member has and is greater than r 1radius of curvature R 1, and factor [(1/L)/((1/r 1)-(1/R 1))] be less than 3.In another feature, R 1be at least r 14/3, and r 1be greater than 15 inches.
In one aspect of the invention, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has low damage ability and friction shock absorber, and in described friction shock absorber, described static friction coefficient is substantially the same with dynamic friction coefficient.It can be included in the teeter feature that side frame guide adds to wheel set axletree end interface place.It can comprise the proportional low damage of the weight that carries with bogie truck.Described bogie truck also can be included in the longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use of side frame to axletree end interface.In addition, it can provide the bogie truck of the hunting motion with low damage.It also can provide the hunting motion bogie truck of the combination with the horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use of hunting motion and neoprene bearing seat cushion.In another feature, described bogie truck can have the shock absorber that the longitudinal centerline along the spring assembly of bogie suspension is placed.In another feature, it can comprise arranges with corner the shock absorber installed.In another feature, it can comprise shock absorber, and described shock absorber all has improvement friction surface on friction support face with on the face, shock absorber oblique angle be placed in bolster pocket.
In one aspect of the invention, piece rail road car truck has the truck bolster be laterally arranged between a pair side frame.Described truck bolster has end, and each described end is flexibly installed on corresponding side frame described in one of them.Described bogie truck has one group of shock absorber, and its mode of arranging with corner shock absorber is arranged between each described bolster end side frame corresponding to it.Each shock absorber has stayed surface, and described stayed surface is mounted to sentence sliding relation when described bolster moves relative to described side frame at frictional interface and acts on mating surfaces.Each shock absorber has the seat portion being mounted with bias unit thereon, and described bias unit is for being resisted against described mating surfaces by described stayed surface.The described bearing surface of described shock absorber has dynamic friction coefficient and static friction coefficient when acting on described mating surfaces.Described Static and dynamic friction coefficient has substantially identical size.
Of the present invention described in another feature in, the size of described each friction coefficient be size each other 10% within.In another feature, described each friction coefficient is substantially equal.In another feature, described each friction coefficient is positioned at the scope of 0.1 to 0.4.In another feature, described each friction coefficient is positioned at the scope of 0.2 to 0.35.In another feature, described each friction coefficient is about 0.30 (+/-10%).In another feature, described shock absorber comprises friction member mounted thereto, and described stayed surface is the surface of described friction member.In another feature, described friction member is the composite surface component comprising polymeric material.
Of the present invention described in another feature in, described bogie truck is low damage bogie truck.In another feature, described bogie truck comprises bearing seat to sideframe pedestal interface, and described interface comprises low damage device.In another feature, described low damage device comprises goods of furniture for display rather than for use.In another feature, described bogie truck comprises bearing seat to sideframe pedestal interface, and described interface comprises low damage device, the force-deflection characteristic that described low damage device has the function as vertical load and changes.In another feature, described bogie truck has bearing seat to sideframe pedestal interface, and described interface comprises two-way goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is for realizing the teeter of described side frame and realizing the low damage of described bogie truck.
In another feature of described invention of the present invention, each shock absorber has the inclined-plane in the shock absorber running-on of the truck bolster being encased in steering rack for train carriage, described bearing surface is support the basic vertical plane of side frame post worn-out surface coordinated, and described drawing strickle guide seat is orientated as in use and substantially faced down.In another feature, described inclined-plane through surface treatment to promote that described inclined-plane slides relative to described shock absorber running-on.In another feature, described inclined-plane has static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient, and the described Static and dynamic friction coefficient on described inclined-plane is substantially equal.In another feature, described inclined-plane and described bearing surface all have slidingsurface component, and two described slidingsurface components are made up of the material with component of polymer.In another feature, described inclined-plane has relative to described surface-supported first jiao and laterally second jiao.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of piece rail road car truck, it has transverse direction and is arranged on the bolster between a pair side frame and is arranged on the wheel set on described side frame in wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies place.Described wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies is used for permitting low damage, and it comprises a device, and this device is used for the minimum potential pushing to relative to described side frame along the longitudinal direction relative to described side frame by wheel set.Described low damage device has force-deflection characteristic, described in be characterized as the function of vertical load.
In another feature of the present invention, there is a kind of bearing seat for steering rack for train carriage.Described bearing seat has the body for being placed in rail road truck wheelset bearing and the goods of furniture for display rather than for use for being installed on described body.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has and swings surface, described swings surperficial when described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is installed on described body described body dorsad, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is made by being different from the material making described body.
In another feature in described, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is made up of tool steel.Of the present invention described in another feature in, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is made up of the metal grades for the manufacture of ball bearing of main shaft.In another feature, described body is made of cast iron.In another feature, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is two-way goods of furniture for display rather than for use.In another feature, the swing surface of described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is formed as a part for spherical surface.
In one aspect of the invention, have a kind of piece rail road car truck, it has the goods of furniture for display rather than for use for low damage.In another feature, there is a kind of steering rack for train carriage, its goods of furniture for display rather than for use that there is side frame, Axle bearing and be arranged between described side frame and described Axle bearing.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has axis of pitch to make bearing relative to described side frame longitudinal oscillation.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of piece rail road car truck, it has the bolster be laterally installed on a pair side frame.Described side frame has drawing strickle guide parts and is arranged on the wheel set in described drawing strickle guide parts.Described drawing strickle guide parts comprise goods of furniture for display rather than for use.Each goods of furniture for display rather than for use has axis of pitch to allow to swing relative to described side frame along the longitudinal direction.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of piece rail road car truck, it has the truck bolster be laterally installed on a pair side frame, and each side frame has longitudinal pedestal seat interface fittings, and is installed to the wheel set on described pedestal seat interface fittings for a pair.Described pedestal seat interface fittings comprises goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is for allowing described bogie truck low damage.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of piece rail road car truck, it has side frame, Axle bearing and is arranged on the two-way goods of furniture for display rather than for use between described side frame and described Axle bearing.In still another aspect of the invention, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster be laterally arranged between a pair side frame, and the wheel set be arranged on described side frame is to make described bogie truck along one group of railroad track rolling-operation.Described bogie truck comprises the goods of furniture for display rather than for use be arranged between described side frame and described wheel set.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is for allowing described side frame teeter and allowing described bogie truck low damage.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has a pair side frame, and is installed to wheel set on described side frame and side frame to wheel set interface unit to its end.Described side frame comprises goods of furniture for display rather than for use to wheel set interface unit, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has and allows described side frame relative to the first degree of freedom of described wheel set teeter and allow described wheel set end relative to the second degree of freedom of described side frame longitudinal oscillation.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the goods of furniture for display rather than for use be formed on composite curvature, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is used for allowing the low damage of the teeter in described bogie truck and described bogie truck.In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has a pair side frame, a pair wheel set, and described wheel set has the end be installed on described side frame, and side frame is to wheel set interface unit.Described side frame comprises goods of furniture for display rather than for use to wheel set interface unit, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has and allows described side frame relative to the first degree of freedom of described wheel set teeter and allow described wheel set end relative to the longitudinal oscillation of described side frame.Described side frame to wheel set interface unit around main vertical axes be reverse submissive.
In one aspect of the invention, have a kind of swing steering rack for train carriage, it is improved to and comprises goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is mounted to allow low damage.In in another, have a kind of hunting motion steering rack for train carriage, it has the horizontal bolster be elastically supported between a pair side frame, and is installed to a pair wheel set on described side frame at wheel set to sideframe interface fittings place.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises and swings goods of furniture for display rather than for use and the neoprene component installed continuously with described swing goods of furniture for display rather than for use to allow described bogie truck low damage.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster be laterally arranged between a pair side frame, and is installed to the wheel set on described side frame in wheel set to sideframe interface fittings place.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises the goods of furniture for display rather than for use allowing described side frame teeter.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has the female member of male member and cooperation.Described convex and recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use engages realizes the swing operation cooperated.Described female member has the radius of curvature in the teeter direction being not less than 25 inches.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings equally for allowing low damage.
In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster be laterally arranged between a pair side frame, and is installed to the wheel set on described side frame in wheel set to sideframe interface fittings place.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises the goods of furniture for display rather than for use allowing described side frame teeter.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has the female member of male member and cooperation.Described convex and recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use engages realizes the swing operation cooperated.Described side frame has equal pendulum length L eq, when being arranged on described goods of furniture for display rather than for use, it is greater than 6 inches.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises the neoprene component installed continuously with described goods of furniture for display rather than for use to allow low damage.
In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster be laterally arranged between a pair side frame, and is installed to the wheel set on described side frame in wheel set to sideframe interface fittings place.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises the goods of furniture for display rather than for use allowing described side frame teeter.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has the female member of male member and cooperation.Described convex and recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use engages realizes the swing operation cooperated, and described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises the neoprene component installed continuously with described goods of furniture for display rather than for use.
In still yet another aspect of the present, there is a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the horizontal bolster of resilient mounting between side frames, and be installed to the wheel set on described side frame in wheel set to sideframe interface fittings place, described bogie truck has spring assembly and shock absorber, and described shock absorber to load in described bolster and by described spring assembly bias voltage to act on described side frame.Described spring assembly comprises the first shock absorber biasing spring, and the first shock absorber of described shock absorber is placed on described first shock absorber biasing spring.Described first shock absorber biasing spring has coil diameter.Described first shock absorber have be greater than described coil diameter 150% width.
In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has bolster, and described bolster has the end of resilient mounting on a pair side frame, and is arranged on the wheel set on described side frame in wheel set to sideframe interface fittings place.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings comprises two-way goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and described two-way goods of furniture for display rather than for use allows the teeter of described side frame and allows the low damage of described wheel set.Described bogie truck has the arrangement of the corner shock absorber of each end being arranged on described bolster.Of the present invention described in another feature in, described interface unit has the torsional compliance around main vertical axes.
In another aspect, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster be laterally arranged between a pair side frame, and is installed to the wheel set on described side frame.Described steering rack for train carriage has the two-way swing surface of vertical and horizontal between each side frame and wheel set, and is arranged on the corner shock absorber group between each side frame and described truck bolster.Of the present invention described in additional features in, described swing surface around main vertical axis be reverse submissive.In another additional features, the described component swinging surface submissive with torsion is installed continuously.
In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of low damage steering rack for train carriage, it has the transverse direction of resilient mounting between side frames and installs bolster, and is arranged on the wheel set on described side frame.Described side frame is mounted to relative to described wheel set teeter.Described bogie truck has the friction shock absorber be arranged between described bolster and described side frame.Described friction shock absorber has Static and dynamic friction coefficient.Described Static and dynamic friction coefficient is substantially equal.
In in another, have a kind of low damage steering rack for train carriage, it has the transverse direction of resilient mounting between side frames and installs bolster, and is arranged on the wheel set on described side frame.Described side frame is mounted to relative to described wheel set teeter.Described bogie truck has the friction shock absorber be arranged between described bolster and described side frame.Described friction shock absorber has Static and dynamic friction coefficient.Described Static and dynamic friction coefficient difference is less than 10%.In other words, described friction shock absorber has static friction coefficient μ swith dynamic friction coefficient μ k, and μ s/ μ kratio be positioned at 1.0 to 1.1 scope.In another aspect of this invention, described bogie truck has friction shock absorber, and described friction shock absorber is arranged between described bolster and described side frame with the cliding friction relation of essentially no stick-slip feature.Of the present invention described in another feature in, described friction shock absorber comprises friction shock absorber wedge, and described friction shock absorber wedge has the first surface engaged with side frame described in one of them and the second inclined-plane engaged with bolster pocket.Described inclined-plane is arranged in described bolster pocket with the cliding friction relation of essentially no stick-slip feature.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of low damage steering rack for train carriage, it has the bolster be arranged between a pair side frame, and is arranged on described side frame for the wheel set along railroad track rolling movement.Described wheel set is installed on described side frame to sideframe interface fittings place in wheel set.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings is used for allowing described bogie truck teeter.Described bogie truck has one group of friction shock absorber be arranged between described bolster and each described side frame.Described friction shock absorber has and to keep the first surface of cliding friction relation with described side frame and second of being disposed in the bolster pocket of described bolster.Described first surface has static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient when acting on engaging with described side frame, and described Static and dynamic friction coefficient difference is less than 10%.Described second has static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient when being arranged in described bolster pocket, and described Static and dynamic friction coefficient difference is less than 10%.
In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of low damage steering rack for train carriage, it has the bolster be arranged between a pair side frame, and is installed on described side frame for the wheel set along railroad track rolling movement.Described wheel set is installed on described side frame to sideframe interface fittings place in wheel set.Described wheel set to sideframe interface fittings is used for allowing the teeter of described bogie truck.Described bogie truck has one group of friction shock absorber be arranged between described bolster and each described side frame.Described friction shock absorber has and to keep the first surface of slidably friction law with described side frame and second of being placed in the bolster pocket of described bolster.Described first surface and described side frame can cooperate and be positioned at essentially no stick slip behavior.Described second is similarly essentially no stick slip behavior with described bolster pocket.
In another aspect of this invention, there is a kind of goods of furniture for display rather than for use on the bearing seat of steering rack for train carriage.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has swing surface, and described swing surface engages with the mating surfaces of the drawing strickle guide seat of the side frame of steering rack for train carriage.Described swing surface had had permission not only longitudinally but also the composite curvature of teeter.Of the present invention supplementary in, there is a kind of goods of furniture for display rather than for use of drawing strickle guide seat of the side frame for steering rack for train carriage.Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use has swing surface, and described swing surface engages with the mating surfaces of the bearing seat of steering rack for train carriage.Described swing surface had had permission not only longitudinally but also the composite curvature of teeter.
In one aspect of the invention, have a kind of side frame guide seat for piece rail road car truck to axle bearing interface assembly, described interface module has at the horizontal and vertical interface unit all swung.
Of the present invention described in additional features in, described assembly comprises the mating surfaces with composite curvature, and described composite curvature comprises the curvature of horizontal and horizontal both direction.In another feature, described assembly comprises at least one goods of furniture for display rather than for use and mating component, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use and mating component and a mating component point cantact, described point cantact component with the rolling point cantact of described mating component in be moveable.In another feature, described point cantact component with the rolling point cantact of described mating component in be not only laterally but also longitudinally moveable.In another feature, described parts comprise the saddle surfaces of swingable cooperation.
In another feature, described parts comprise the nonreentrant surface with first curvature of space and the recessed surface with second space curvature, and described nonreentrant surface and recessed surface swing joint mutually, and surface described in one of them comprises at least globular part.In another feature, described parts comprise the non-center of oscillation portion at least one direction.In another feature, described parts are torsionally located away from the teeter of described parts relative to the longitudinal oscillation of vertical S. A..In another feature, described parts comprise force transmission interface, and described force transmission interface phase is that torsion is submissive for the twist moment around vertical axes.In another feature, described assembly comprises neoprene component.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of swing piece rail road car truck, it has the truck bolster of horizontal expansion, a pair longitudinal extension side frame, described truck bolster is flexibly installed on described side frame, and the wheel set that described side frame is mounted thereto.Shock absorber group is arranged between described bolster and each described side frame.The described shock absorber group separately quadrangular shock absorber of tool is arranged, and wheel set is to teeter and the described wheel set longitudinal low damage of sideframe pedestal interface assembly for permitting described side frame.
In another aspect, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster be arranged between side frame, and the wheel set that described side frame is mounted thereto, and wheel set is to sideframe interface assemblies, described side frame is arranged in described wheel set by described wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies.Described side frame to wheel set interface module comprises the pendulous device allowing described side frame teeter.Described pendulous device comprises the first and second surfaces swinging and engage.A part at least described first surface has the first curvature radius being less than 30 inches.Described side frame comprises low damage device to wheel set interface.
In feature in of the present invention, described low damage device has the application force deflection characteristic of substantial linear.In another feature, described low damage device has the force-deflection characteristic changed to the vertical load of wheel set interface module with described side frame.In another feature, described force-deflection characteristic with described side frame to wheel set interface module vertical load linearity change.In another feature, described low damage device comprises swinging gear.In another feature, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is included in the goods of furniture for display rather than for use on the direction of the axis of pitch of side frame described in one of them with angular transposition.
In another feature, described low damage device comprises convex and recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and a part at least described convex goods of furniture for display rather than for use has the radius of curvature being less than 45 inches.In another feature, described low damage device comprises convex and recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and a part at least described recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use has the radius of curvature being less than 60 inches.In another feature, described low damage is characterized as automatic centering.In another feature, described low damage device is biased to center.
In another feature, described low damage device comprises elastic component.In another feature of described another feature, described elastic component comprises neoprene component.In another feature, described elastic component is neoprene cushion assembly.In another feature, described elastic component is the neoprene holder assembly with horizontal force-displacement characteristic and longitudinal force-displacement characteristic, and described longitudinal force-displacement characteristic is different from described horizontal force-displacement characteristic.In another feature, the transverse shear stiffness of described neoprene holder assembly is greater than longitudinal shear rigidity.In another feature, goods of furniture for display rather than for use is arranged on described neoprene cushion assembly.In another feature, goods of furniture for display rather than for use is directly installed on described neoprene cushion assembly.In another feature, described neoprene cushion assembly comprises overall goods of furniture for display rather than for use.In another feature, described three-member type sample bogie truck is hunting motion bogie truck and described low damage device comprises neoprene bearing seat cushion.
In another feature, described wheel set has axletree, and described axletree has pivot center and is arranged on the end under described side frame, and one end of a described axletree wherein, described low damage device has application force deflection characteristic, and feature described at least one is by selected in the group of following force-deflection characteristic:
A () is in 3000 pounds per inch and 10, longitudinal deflection linearity feature between 000 pounds per inch, it is for bearing size 45,000 and 70 when described low damage device, vertical load between 000 pound 1/8 time, in the result that the pivot center place of the end of described axletree is measured;
(b) 16,000 pounds per inch and 60, the longitudinal deflection linearity feature between 000 pounds per inch, it is for bearing size 263 when described low damage device, 000 and 315, the vertical load between 000 pound 1/8 time, in the result that the pivot center place of the end of described axletree is measured; And
C () longitudinal departs from linear feature between 0.3 and 2.0 pounds per inch, it is when the vertical dynamic changes process of every pound is to described one end of a described axletree, in the result that the pivot center place of the end of described axletree is measured.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of piece rail road freight car bogie truck, it has low damage device, and wherein, described passive steering hardware comprises at least one longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use.
In another aspect of this invention, there is a kind of piece rail road freight car bogie truck, it has passive low damage device, and described passive low damage device has linear force-deflection characteristic, and described force-deflection characteristic as the vertical load of described bogie truck function and change.
Of the present invention described in additional features in, described force-displacement feature changes linearly along with the vertical load of described bogie truck.In another feature, described low damage device comprises swinging gear.In another Te Tezheng, under the effect of the resistance of described swinging gear on the wheel being applied to wheel set described in one of them, minimal energy state can be left.In another feature, in the scope of described force-deflection characteristic between about 0.4 pound and the amount of deflection of 2.0 pounds per inch, this value measures gained in the center of one end of the axletree of the wheel set of described bogie truck when the vertical dynamic changes process of every pound is given during the described end of the described axletree of described wheel set.In another feature, in the scope of described application force deflection characteristic between the poundage of 0.5 to 1.8 pounds per inch/the pass to vertical load of the described end of the described axletree of described wheel set.
In still yet another aspect of the present, have a kind of piece rail road freight car bogie truck, it has the truck bolster of horizontal expansion, is arranged on for a pair and is flexibly connected to the side frame on the opposed end of described truck bolster, and wheel set.Described side frame is installed in described wheel set to wheel set interface module place at side frame.Side frame described at least one is arranged on to wheel set interface module between the first drawing strickle guide of the first end of the axletree of wheel set described in one of them and the first side frame of described side frame.Described wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies comprises First Line contact rocker apparatus and the second linear contact lay rocker apparatus, described First Line contact device is for permitting described first side frame teeter, and described second linear contact lay device is for permitting described first end the vertically moving relative to described first side frame of described axletree.
Of the present invention described in feature in, described first and second rocker apparatus and torsional compliance component are installed continuously, and described torsional compliance component is submissive for the twist moment applied around vertical axes.In another feature, torsional compliance Components installation is between described first and second rocker apparatus, and described torsional compliance component is that torsion is submissive around vertical axes.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of piece rail road freight car bogie truck, described bearing seat has the swing mating surfaces swinging with the mating surfaces of side frame guide parts and engage, and the described swing mating surfaces of described bearing seat has composite curvature.
Described invention described in another feature in, described composite curvature is formed on the first convex curvature radius and with on the second convex curvature radius of its located lateral.In another feature, described composite curvature is saddle type.In another feature, the described curvature of space is oval shape.In another feature, described curvature is spherical.
In another feature, have a kind of steering rack for train carriage, it has the truck bolster of horizontal expansion.Described truck bolster has the first and second ends.The side frame of the first and second longitudinal extensions is flexibly arranged on described first and second ends of described bolster respectively.Described side frame is arranged in wheel set to wheel set mounting interface assembly place at side frame.Corner shock absorber group is installed between each end of described truck bolster corresponding side frame mounted thereto to this end.Described side frame to wheel set mounting interface assembly around vertical axes be reverse submissive.
Of the present invention described in feature in, described bogie truck does not have unsprung horizontal cross member between described side frame.In another feature, described side frame is mounted to teeter.In another feature, described side frame comprises low damage device to wheel set mounting interface assembly.
In another aspect of this invention, have a kind of rail road freight car truck, it has the wheel set be arranged in a pair side frame, and described side frame has the side frame guide holding described wheel set.Described drawing strickle guide has side frame guide fixing device.Described side frame guide fixing device comprises side frame guide jaw thrust blocks.Described wheel set has mounted thereto with the bearing seat be arranged between described fixing device.Described side frame guide has the respective pedestal seat member that swingingly can coordinate with described bearing seat.Described bogie truck has and is arranged on component between described fixing device and described bearing seat described bearing seat to be pushed to the position relative to described drawing strickle guide seat centering.In another feature, connect between boundary be placed with component at the thrust ear of railway carriage side frame guide fixing device and the described end wall of bearing and turning, described component is used for the off-position pushed to by described bearing seat relative to described side frame.
In another aspect of this invention, there is a kind of side frame guide on piece rail road car truck to axle bearing interface assembly.Described interface module has for not only laterally but also the parts of longitudinal oscillation, and described interface module comprises bearing assembly, and described bearing assembly has one of them being integrally formed on it and swings surface.
Of the present invention described in additional features in, described bearing assembly comprise there is composite curvature swing surface.In another feature, described parts comprise the saddle surfaces of swingable cooperation.In another feature, described parts comprise the nonreentrant surface with the first composite curvature and the recessed surface of cooperation with the second composite curvature, and described nonreentrant surface and the recessed surface of cooperation swingingly engage mutually.Surface described in one of them comprises at least globular part.In another feature, described parts are torsionally located away from the teeter of described parts relative to the longitudinal oscillation of vertical turning cylinder.In another feature, described parts comprise force transmission interface, and described force transmission interface phase has torsional compliance for the twist moment around vertical axes.In another feature, described assembly comprises Elastic Biasing Member.
In another aspect of this invention, there is a kind of side frame guide on piece rail road car truck to axle bearing interface assembly.Described interface module has for not only laterally but also the parts of longitudinal oscillation, and described interface module comprises bearing assembly, and described bearing assembly has one of them being integrally formed on it and swings surface.
Of the present invention described in additional features in, described bearing assembly comprise there is composite curvature swing surface.In another feature, described parts comprise the saddle surfaces of swingable cooperation.In another feature, described parts comprise the nonreentrant surface with the first composite curvature and the recessed surface of cooperation with the second composite curvature, and described nonreentrant surface and the recessed surface of cooperation swingingly engage mutually, and surface described in one of them comprises at least globular part.In another feature, described parts are torsionally located away from the teeter of described parts relative to the longitudinal oscillation of vertical turning cylinder.In another feature, described parts comprise force transmission interface, and described force transmission interface phase has torsional compliance for the twist moment around vertical axes.In another feature, described assembly comprises Elastic Biasing Member.
In another aspect of this invention, there is a kind of side frame guide on piece rail road car truck to axle bearing interface assembly.Described interface module has the swing surface of cooperation.Described assembly comprises the bearing on the end being installed to wheel set axletree.Described bearing has outer shroud, and one of them swing surface is fixed relative to described bearing rigidity.
In still yet another aspect of the present, there is a kind of bearing being arranged on one end of the wheel countershaft of piece rail road car truck.Described bearing has external member, described external member is arranged on the position allowing the end of described axletree to rotate relative to this external member, and described external member has, and the swing be formed thereon is surperficial to be engaged with the rolling contact surfaces that coordinates of the pedestal seat member of the side frame with described three piece truck.Of the present invention described in additional features in, described bearing has the pivot center consistent with the centerline axis of described axletree, and the described surface radial distance had from described center of turn be minimum region and described region and its either side angle be adjacent to this region each point between positive derivative dr/d θ.
In another feature, described surface is column.In another feature, described surface has constant radius of curvature.In another feature, described column has the axis of the described pivot center being parallel to described bearing.In another feature, described surface has local minimum potential energy position when being arranged in three piece truck, and described Minimum Energy position is between larger potential energy position.In another feature, described surface is for having the surface of composite curvature.In another feature, described surface has the shape of saddle.In another feature, described surface has radius of curvature.Described bearing has pivot center and from the minimum region of described pivot center radial distance.Described radius of curvature is greater than described minimum radial distance.
In another feature, there is the combination of a kind of bearing and drawing strickle guide seat.In additional features, described bearing has pivot center.Primary importance on the described surface of described bearing is than any position of other on it all radially closer to described pivot center, and the first distance L is defined as the distance between described pivot center and described primary importance.The described surface of described bearing and the described surface of described drawing strickle guide seat have radius of curvature separately and coordinate with convex and recessed relation.A radius of curvature is convex curvature radius r 1.Another radius of curvature is recessed radius of curvature R 2; r 1be greater than L, R 2be greater than r 1, and L, r 1and R 2defer to formula L -1– (r 1 -1– R 2 -1) >0.In another additional features, described swing surface can cooperate to allow low damage.
With reference to following detailed description of the invention and accompanying drawing, be appreciated that aspect and the feature of above and other of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With reference to the accompanying drawing provided, and by being described one exemplary embodiment of the present invention or embodiment, combination principle and various aspects, principle of the present invention can be understood better, and wherein:
Fig. 1 a shows the isometric views of the example of the embodiment of steering rack for train carriage according to an aspect of the present invention;
Fig. 1 b shows the birds-eye view of the steering rack for train carriage of Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 1 c shows the lateral plan of the steering rack for train carriage of Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 1 d shows the exploded drawings of a part for bogie truck, and described bogie truck is similar to the bogie truck of Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 1 e shows the decomposition section of the example of the alternative three piece truck of the bogie truck of Fig. 1 a, and this alternative three piece truck has the shock absorber installed along spring assembly line of centers;
Fig. 1 f shows the isometric views of the examples Example of the steering rack for train carriage of content according to an aspect of the present invention;
Fig. 1 g shows the lateral plan of the steering rack for train carriage of Fig. 1 f;
Fig. 1 h shows the birds-eye view of the steering rack for train carriage of Fig. 1 f;
Fig. 1 i is cutaway view, and its half shows the end elevation of the bogie truck of Fig. 1 f, and second half shows the cross section intercepted along bogie pivot center;
Fig. 1 j shows the layout of the spring of the bogie truck of Fig. 1 f;
Fig. 2 a is the amplification details of the lateral plan of the bogie truck of such as Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c or 1e, and it intercepts to bearing seat interface at side frame guide;
Fig. 2 b shows the lateral cross section intercepted to bearing seat interface along wheel set (wheelset) shaft centre line through side frame guide of Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 2 c shows cross section when Fig. 2 b is positioned at lateral deflection state;
Fig. 2 d is that the drawing strickle guide seat of Fig. 2 a is to the longitudinal cross-section of bearing seat interface on longitudinal symmetrical plane of described bearing seat;
Fig. 2 e shows the longitudinal cross-section of Fig. 2 d when longitudinally departing from;
Fig. 2 f shows the birds-eye view of the details of Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 2 g shows the staggered cross section of bearing seat on the hatching ' 2g-2g ' of Fig. 2 a of Fig. 2 a;
The side frame guide that Fig. 3 a shows Fig. 2 a is to the alternative side frame guide of bearing seat interface to the exploded isometric view of bearing seat interface;
The bearing seat that Fig. 3 b shows Fig. 3 a is to the alternative bearing seat of drawing strickle guide seated connection mouth to drawing strickle guide seated connection mouth;
The section drawing that the assembly that Fig. 3 c shows Fig. 3 b intercepts along its longitudinal direction-vertical plane of symmetry;
Fig. 3 d shows the trapezoid cross section figure of the details of the assembly of Fig. 3 b of the 3d-3d ' intercepting along Fig. 3 c;
The bearing seat that Fig. 3 e shows Fig. 3 a is to another alternative bearing seat of the embodiment of drawing strickle guide seated connection mouth to the exploded drawings of drawing strickle guide seat interface-embodiment;
Fig. 4 a show the fixed bolster of the assembly from Fig. 3 a above and the isometric views observed before an angle;
Fig. 4 b is above the fixed bolster of Fig. 4 a and the isometric views of back side;
Fig. 4 c is the upward view of the fixed bolster of Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 4 d is the front elevation of the fixed bolster of Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 4 e is the section drawing of fixed bolster on ' 4e-4e ' of Fig. 4 d of Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 5 shows the alternative bolster similar to the bolster of Fig. 4 d, and described alternative bolster has a pair separated bolster pocket and has the insert of the first and second key grooves;
Fig. 6 a is the section-drawing of the alternative shock absorber in the bolster of the bogie truck that can be used in such as Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c, 1d and 1f;
Fig. 6 b show friction adjustment pad in Fig. 6 a be disassembled after shock absorber;
Fig. 6 c is the reverse view of the friction adjustment pad of the shock absorber of Fig. 6 a;
Fig. 7 a is the front elevation of the friction shock absorber on the bogie truck of such as Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 7 b shows the lateral plan of the shock absorber of Fig. 7 a;
Fig. 7 c shows the back view of the shock absorber of Fig. 7 b;
Fig. 7 d shows the upward view of the shock absorber of Fig. 7 a;
Fig. 7 e shows the section-drawing on the line of centers of the upper shock absorber at Fig. 7 a intercepted in the cross section ' 7e-7e ' of Fig. 7 c;
Fig. 7 f is the section-drawing of shock absorber upper intercepting in the cross section ' 7f-7f ' of Fig. 7 e of Fig. 7 a;
Fig. 7 g shows the isometric views of the alternative shock absorber of the shock absorber of Fig. 7 a, and described alternative shock absorber has friction adjustment side pad;
Fig. 7 h shows the isometric views of another alternative shock absorber of the shock absorber of Fig. 7 a, described alternative shock absorber has " around " friction adjustment pad;
Fig. 8 a shows the axles such as the decomposition of the alternative bearing block assembly of the bearing block assembly of Fig. 3 a and installs view;
Fig. 8 b shows the axle assembled view such as the bearing block assembly of Fig. 8 a;
Fig. 8 c shows the view of assembly when its goods of furniture for display rather than for use is disassembled of Fig. 8 b;
The longitudinal cross-section when assembly that Fig. 8 d shows Fig. 8 b is mounted;
Fig. 8 e is the installation view of assembly on the cross section ' 8e-8e ' of Fig. 8 d of Fig. 8 b;
The lateral cross section when assembly that Fig. 8 f shows Fig. 8 b is mounted;
Fig. 9 a shows the exploded isometric view of the Alternative assemblies of the assembly of Fig. 3 a;
Fig. 9 b shows the exploded isometric view being similar to Fig. 9 a view, and shown bearing block assembly is combined with neoprene pad;
Figure 10 a shows the exploded isometric view of the Alternative assemblies of the assembly of Fig. 3 a;
Figure 10 b shows by top and the transparent view observing the bearing seat of the assembly of Figure 10 a facing to an angular direction;
Figure 10 c shows the transparent view of the bearing seat being observed Figure 10 b by below;
Figure 10 d shows the upward view of the bearing seat of Figure 10 b;
Figure 10 e shows the longitudinal cross-section of bearing seat on the cross section ' 10e-10e ' of Figure 10 d of Figure 10 b;
Figure 10 f shows the lateral cross section of bearing seat on the cross section ' 10f-10f ' of Figure 10 d of Figure 10 b;
Figure 11 a is the exploded drawings of the alternative bearing block assembly of the bearing block assembly of Fig. 3 a;
Figure 11 b shows the view by below and the bearing seat facing to Figure 11 a of an angular direction observation;
Figure 11 c is the birds-eye view of the bearing seat of Figure 11 b;
Figure 11 d is the longitdinal cross-section diagram of bearing seat on ' 11d-11d ' of Figure 11 c;
Figure 11 e is the view in transverse section of bearing seat on ' 11e-11e ' of Figure 11 c;
Figure 11 f is one group of view of the cushion component of the assembly of Figure 11 a;
Figure 11 g shows by top and the view observing the bearing seat of Figure 11 a facing to an angular direction;
The bearing seat that Figure 12 a shows Fig. 3 a is to the alternative bearing seat of drawing strickle guide holder assembly to the exploded isometric view of drawing strickle guide holder assembly;
Figure 12 b shows the assembly longitudinal center cross section after mounting of Figure 12 a;
Figure 12 c shows the cross section on ' 12c-12c ' of Figure 12 b; And
Figure 12 d shows the cross section on ' 12d-12d ' of Figure 12 b;
Figure 13 a shows the birds-eye view of the embodiment of bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat, described bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat can be used in the side frame guide being similar to Fig. 2 a, described drawing strickle guide seat is squeezed to show the recess be formed in wherein, and described recess is used for being combined with described bearing seat;
Figure 13 b shows the bearing seat of Figure 13 a and the lateral plan of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 13 c shows the bearing seat of Figure 13 a in ' 13c-13c ' of Figure 13 d upper longitudinal cross-section intercepted;
Figure 13 d shows the bearing seat of Figure 13 a and the end elevation of drawing strickle guide seat;
The lateral cross section that the bearing seat that Figure 13 e shows Figure 13 a intercepts on wheel set shaft centre line;
Figure 13 f is the cross section of the transversely symmetrical plane that bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat group are right, described bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat group right to the bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat group that are similar to Figure 13 e, it has is inverted goods of furniture for display rather than for use and seat portion;
Figure 13 g shows the bearing seat of Figure 13 f and drawing strickle guide seat group to the cross section on longitudinal symmetrical plane;
Figure 14 a shows the isometric views of the bearing seat of Figure 13 a and the alternative of drawing strickle guide seat, and it has completely bending upper surface;
Figure 14 b shows the bearing seat of Figure 14 a and the lateral plan of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 14 c shows the bearing seat of Figure 14 a and the end elevation of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 14 d shows the bearing seat of Figure 14 a intercepted on longitudinal symmetrical plane and the cross section of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 14 e shows the bearing seat of Figure 14 a intercepted on crosswise symmetric plane and the cross section of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 15 a shows the birds-eye view of the bearing seat of Figure 13 a and the alternative bearing seat of drawing strickle guide seat and the inverted view of alternative recessed drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 15 b shows the longitudinal cross-section of the bearing seat of Figure 15 a;
Figure 15 c shows the bearing seat of Figure 15 a and the end elevation of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 16 a shows the isometric views of the bearing seat of Figure 13 a and another embodiment of drawing strickle guide seat combination, and wherein, described bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat have the combination interface of saddle;
Figure 16 b shows the bearing seat of Figure 16 a and the end elevation of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 16 c shows the bearing seat of Figure 16 a and the lateral plan of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 16 d is the bearing seat of Figure 16 a and the lateral cross section of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 16 e is the bearing seat of Figure 16 a and the longitudinal cross-section of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 16 f shows bearing seat and the right lateral cross section of drawing strickle guide seat group, and described bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat group are to having relative to the bearing seat of Figure 16 a and drawing strickle guide seat group inverted interface;
Figure 16 g shows the bearing seat of Figure 16 f and the right longitudinal cross-section of drawing strickle guide seat group;
Figure 17 a shows the decomposition side view of the bearing seat of Figure 13 a and another alternative bearing seat of drawing strickle guide seat combination and the combination of seat portion, and described alternative bearing seat and the combination of seat portion have a pair cylindricality goods of furniture for display rather than for use and therebetween pivoting attachment mechanism;
Figure 17 b shows the bearing seat of Figure 17 a and the exploded end view of drawing strickle guide seat;
Figure 17 c shows the cross section intercepted on its longitudinal centerline after the bearing seat of Figure 17 a and drawing strickle guide seat are assembled;
Figure 17 d shows the cross section intercepted on its cross central line after the bearing seat of Figure 17 a and drawing strickle guide seat are assembled;
Figure 17 e shows the possible arrangement of the assembly of Figure 17 a;
Figure 18 a is the exploded end view of the bearing seat of Figure 17 a and the alternative bearing seat of drawing strickle guide holder assembly and seat parts, and described alternative bearing seat and drawing strickle guide holder assembly have neoprene intermediate member;
Figure 18 b shows the decomposition side view of the assembly of Figure 18 a;
Figure 19 a is the lateral plan of the Alternative assemblies of the assembly of Figure 13 a or 16a, and described Alternative assemblies uses neoprene shear pad and horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use;
The lateral cross section that the assembly that Figure 19 b shows Figure 19 b intercepts on its axle centerline;
The cross section that the assembly that Figure 19 c shows Figure 19 a intercepts on longitudinal symmetrical plane of described bearing seat;
The Alternative assemblies that Figure 19 d shows Figure 19 a as ' 19d-19d ' the trapezoid cross section that indicates intercepts by the cross sectional view of top view;
Figure 19 e shows the end elevation of the alternative goods of furniture for display rather than for use combination of the goods of furniture for display rather than for use combination of Figure 19 a, it uses neoprene pad;
Figure 19 f shows the transparent view of the alternative pad combination of the pad combination of Figure 19 e;
Figure 20 a is the view of the bearing seat be used in the assembly of Figure 19 a;
Figure 20 b shows the birds-eye view of the bearing seat of Figure 20 a;
Figure 20 c shows the longitudinal cross-section of Figure 20 a bearing seat;
Figure 21 a shows the isometric views of the base of the assembly for Figure 19 a;
Figure 21 b shows the birds-eye view of the base of Figure 21 a;
Figure 21 c shows the lateral plan of the base of Figure 21 a;
Figure 21 d shows the half section of the base of Figure 21 a;
Figure 21 e shows the isometric views of the goods of furniture for display rather than for use of the base for Figure 21 a;
Figure 21 f shows the birds-eye view of the goods of furniture for display rather than for use of Figure 21 a;
Figure 21 g shows the end elevation of the goods of furniture for display rather than for use of Figure 21 a;
Figure 22 a shows the alternative means of wheel set to pedestal interface assemblies device of Fig. 2 a, and described device has the two-way arc goods of furniture for display rather than for use of cooperation, and a described goods of furniture for display rather than for use is integrally formed as the outside of bearing;
Figure 22 b shows the assembly of Figure 22 a in ' 22b-22b ' of Figure 22 a upper cross section intercepted;
The section drawing that the assembly that Figure 22 c shows Figure 22 a is observed along arrow ' 22c-22c ' direction of Figure 22 b;
Figure 23 a shows the end elevation of the Alternative assemblies of the assembly of Figure 22 a, and described Alternative assemblies is combined with the longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use of one direction;
Figure 23 b shows at Figure 23 a in ' 23b-23b ' the upper cross section intercepted;
Figure 24 a shows the isometric views of the alternative three piece truck of the three piece truck of Fig. 1 a;
Figure 24 b shows the lateral plan of the three piece truck of Figure 24 a;
Figure 24 c shows the birds-eye view of the half of the three piece truck of Figure 24 b;
Figure 24 d shows the bogie truck of Figure 24 b at ' 24d-24d ' the upper partial view intercepted;
Figure 24 e shows the local isometric views of the truck bolster of the three piece truck of Figure 24 a, it illustrates friction damper hold;
Figure 24 f generally illustrates the force diagram of the corner damper means such as in the bogie truck of Fig. 1 a, 1f and Figure 24 a;
Figure 25 a shows the lateral plan of the alternative three piece truck of the three piece truck of Figure 24 a;
Figure 25 b shows the birds-eye view of the half of the three piece truck of Figure 25 a; And
Figure 25 c shows the bogie truck of Figure 25 a in ' 25c-25c ' the upper partial cross section intercepted;
Figure 25 d shows the bolster of Figure 25 a and the exploded isometric view of side frame assembly, wherein, and the Spring driving constant force shock absorber of horizontal force;
Figure 26 a shows the alterative version of the bolster of Figure 24 e, and it has the shock absorber running-on of double size, and described running-on has large single wedge of welding insert for installing;
Figure 26 b shows the alternative folding wedge on the truck bolster that is used in and is similar to Figure 26 a;
Figure 27 a shows the alternative bolster device of the bolster device being similar to Fig. 5, but it has separating wedge;
Figure 27 b shows the bolster of the bolster being similar to Figure 24 b, its cover of wedge mouth with first and second jiaos, band and the separating wedge device be used in described cover of wedge mouth;
Figure 27 c show be used in Figure 27 b bolster on alternative scalariform list wedge;
Figure 28 a shows the bolster of Figure 17 b and the alternative bolster of wedge device and wedge device, and described alternative bolster and wedge device have second angle of wedge;
Figure 28 b show be used in Figure 28 a bolster on alternative separating wedge device;
Detailed description of the invention
Be described by the example of the specific embodiment to the principle of the invention or each example and following description and wherein said embodiment are provided.There is provided these examples to be for explanation instead of limit those principles and object of the present invention.In this specification, similar part indicates with identical respective Reference numeral in whole specification sheets with accompanying drawing.Described accompanying drawing is not necessarily drawn in proportion and may be exaggerated ratio in some cases more clearly to describe some feature of the present invention.
In total orientation and directional terminology, for each railroad train wagon bogies (truck) wherein said, longitudinal direction be defined as with railway carriage or the rotating direction of railway carriage unit when being positioned on line interval (that is, straight) track consistent.When having the railway carriage of central sill, longitudinal direction is parallel to central sill, and if when having curb girder, it is parallel to curb girder.Unless otherwise noted, " vertical " or " upwards " and " downward " use rail top as the term of datum line.Term " horizontal " or " lateral outer side " are used for representing distance relative to the longitudinal centerline of train or compartment unit or orientation.Term " longitudinal medial " or " longitudinal outside " are relative to the gained distance across lateral cross section in compartment or compartment unit.Luffing is the angular motion of railway carriage unit around the horizontal shaft perpendicular to described longitudinal direction.Deflection is the angular motion around vertical axis.Rolling is the angular motion around described longitudinal axis.
This specification sheets relates to steering rack for train carriage and truck components.Some AAR standard rotation frame sizes are listed in 711 pages in " 1997 compartments and locomotive cyc " (1997 Car & Locomotive Cyclopedia).As shown, for the single unit train compartment with two bogie trucks, " 40 tons " bogie truck level is equivalent to the maximum total carriage weight (GWR) 142,000 pound on rail.Similarly, " 50 tons " are equivalent to 177,000 pound, and " 70 tons " are equivalent to 220,000 pound, and " 100 tons " are equivalent to 263,000 pound, and " 125 tons " are equivalent to 315,000 pound.In each case, so the load limit of every bogie truck is the half of maximum total carriage weight on rail.The bogie truck of two kinds of other types is for having 286, " 110 tons " bogie truck of the railway carriage of 000 pound of GWR and " 70 tons special " the unnoticed bogie truck be sometimes used on automatic supporter compartment.If said steering rack for train carriage tends to not only have longitudinal axis of symmetry but also have lateral symmetry axle, while considering the difference between right side and left part, can usually also be used for describing second half to the explanation that the half of assembly is carried out.
This application relates to the friction shock absorber for steering rack for train carriage, and multiple friction shock absorber system.There is the damper means of some types, some dampening arrangements illustrate 715 to 716 pages in " 1997 compartments and locomotive cyc ".Double damping apparatus illustrates and is described in the US patent application publication No.US2003/0041772 A1 on March 6th, 2003, is entitled as in " the train freight damp compartment with vibration damping suspension ", and at this by reference to introducing.The each damper means of 715 to 716 pages illustrating in " 1997 compartments or locomotive cyc " can be modified into use in accordance with the principle of each side of the present invention corner, the damper means of inside and outside double damping device.
Shock absorber wedge will be discussed at this.In general terms, each wedge can be installed in angled " bolster pocket " that be formed in truck bolster end.On cross-sectional plane, each wedge can have roughly triangular shape, is leg-of-muttonly or has bearing surface, and the Second Edge that can be called bottom or base forms spring perch, and the 3rd limit is the hypotenuse between hypotenuse or other both sides.Described first limit can have the bearing surface of substantially flat, and it is for being vertically combined in the opposite support face of one of them side frame post slidably.Described second can not be such plane, but the form can with socket is in order to hold the upper end of one of them spring of spring assembly.Although described 3rd, or hypotenuse can present the shape of substantially flat, and it can have radius of curvature is probably 60 " slight sagitta.Described sagitta can extend along hypotenuse and can extend through hypotenuse.The end face of each wedge can be substantially straight and also can have coating, surface treatment, shim liner or low friction pad to make it with the side of bolster pocket or to be combined with the adjacent side face (if there is) smooth sliding of another independent slidably shock absorber wedge.
At railway carriage run duration, side frame may rotate around the end of truck bolster or pivotable angular deflection among a small circle balances to produce wheel-borne load.Slight sagitta on the inclined-plane of shock absorber can hold this pivoting action in the following way, that is, while the maintenance of flat support face with the plane contact of the scuff panel of side frame post, shock absorber is swung a little relative to the basic dip plane of bolster pocket.Although described inclined-plane can have slight sagitta, for purposes of illustration, it will be illustrated as inclined-plane or as hypotenuse, and it will be considered to substantially straight face roughly approx.
In this term, each wedge has first jiao of α, and it is installed to angle between shock absorber running-on inclined-plane on truck bolster and (b) side frame cylinder by bolster end to (a) observed by bogie pivot center.In certain embodiments, second jiao can be defined in the plane of angle α, in the plane namely perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal plane of (deflection) side frame, from the size of vertical plane first jiao.That is, this plane parallel in the major axis of (deflection) truck bolster, and as the back side (hypotenuse) along shock absorber is observed.Described second jiao of β is defined as when watching the viewed superelevation angle of shock absorber being parallel to angle α plane.Work in response to rail disturbance owing to hanging, acting on wedging action power on second jiao of β can push inner side to according to selected angle or push outside to by shock absorber.
the general description of bogie truck feature
Fig. 1 a and 1f provides the example of the bogie truck 20 and 22 embodying one aspect of the invention.The bogie truck 20 and 22 of Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 f can have same or substantially similar feature and similar structure, although they are different in pendulum length, spring hardness, wheelspan, window width and height and shock attenuation unit.That is, the bogie truck 20 of Fig. 1 f can have larger wheelspan (for bogie truck 20, wheelspan is from 73 inches to 86 inches, can between 80-84 inch; And for bogie truck 22, wheelspan is 63-73 inch), can have the main spring group of less uprighting spring rate of strain, and a corner shock absorber group, described corner shock absorber group can have different first and second jiaos on shock absorber wedge.Bogie truck 20 can have 5 × 3 spring arrangements, and bogie truck 22 can have 3 × 3 arrangements.Although arbitrary bogie truck can be suitable for many general purposes, bogie truck 20 can be most suited to transport the relative low-gravity of such as automobile or the consumables, the goods of high value, and bogie truck 22 can be best suited for the larger half-blank industrial goods of transport proportion, such as it can be carried in train freight damp compartment to be used for the paper roll transported.Each feature of described two type bogie trucks can be exchanged, and intention is the bogie truck type that broad range is described.Although there is the difference that size aspect is possible, substantially similar feature provides with identical part Reference numeral.Bogie truck 20 and 22 is all symmetrical around its vertical and horizontal centerline axis.In each case, in the place relating to side frame, be understandable that, bogie truck has the first and second side frames, the first and second spring assembly, by that analogy.
Bogie truck 20 and 22 has truck bolster 24 and side frame 26 separately.Each side frame 26 has substantially rectangular window 28, and described window holds an end 30 of bolster 24.The coboundary of window 28 is limited by side frame arch or the compression element that is denoted as upper chord member 32, and the bottom of window 28 is defined by the tensile member being denoted as bottom chord 34.The longitudinally vertical side of window 28 is limited by side frame post 36.Each end bend of tensile member extends to be combined with compression element.At each bent back ends place of side frame 26, there is side frame guide device or drawing strickle guide seat 38.Each device 38 accommodation can be the upper device of goods of furniture for display rather than for use or bearing, and it illustrates following and discuss.Device on this, no matter it is goods of furniture for display rather than for use or bearing, and what it was general is denoted as 40.Device 40 engages with the adapting device 42 of bearing seat 44 upper surface.Bearing seat 44 engagement bearings 46, described bearing is arranged on wherein one end of one of them bogie axle 48 contiguous with one of them wheel 50.Device 40 is positioned on each longitudinal drawing strickle guide device 38, and described device 40 end wise is aimed to make side frame laterally can swing relative to the rotating direction of bogie truck.
The pass of adapting device 40 and 42 ties up to does more detailed description below.The relation of these devices determines a part of overall relation between one of them the tip of the axis and side frame guide of one of them wheel set.That is, when determining global response, the axle head degree of freedom be arranged in side frame guide relates to the dynamic socket of assembly parts, described assembly parts can be called such as wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies, its drawing strickle guide seat that can comprise bearing, bearing seat, neoprene (if use), goods of furniture for display rather than for use (if use) and be arranged in side frame guide top.Described wheel set to the several different embodiment of sideframe interface assemblies in following explanation.With regard to bearing 46, there is one degree of freedom, namely rotate around wheel shaft, bearing can be concentrated on to drawing strickle guide seat interface module or bearing seat on drawing strickle guide seat interface module to the analysis of described assembly.To come in and go out the object of this specification sheets, device 40 and 42 is usually used for representing the Feature Combination of bearing seat and drawing strickle guide holder assembly, this assembly limits the interface between side frame guide top and bearing seat, and six degrees of freedom of motion over that interface, namely in response to the movement (namely in the movement in z, x and y direction) of the vertical, longitudinal of dynamic input and transverse direction and pitching, rotate and wave (respectively around the rotary motion of y, x and z-axis).
The bottom chord of side frame 26 or tensile member can have basket plate mounted thereto rigidly or lower spring cup 52.Although the unsprung lateral cross that bogie truck 22 can not have crossbeam or cross bar character supports, if adopt bogie truck 22 representative to have " hunting motion " bogie trucks of cross bar or other cross supports, can on goods of furniture for display rather than for use the bottom goods of furniture for display rather than for use platform of mounting spring seat 52 to allow the teeter relative to side frame 26.Spring perch 52 can have seat ring, and it is internal boss or peripheral flange, and described seat ring engages with the spring 54 of spring assembly 56 effusion hindering spring bottom end.Spring assembly 56 is interposed between the far-end 30 of bolster 24 and spring perch 52, under described spring assembly is positioned over the pressure of the weight of railway carriage body and goods, described goods by pressure is applied to bolster 24.
Bolster 24 has the bolster pocket 60 and 62 (that is, each bolster always has 8 bolster pocket, and often end has 4) of two inner side and outer side on each of bolster external side end.Bolster pocket 60,62 holds longitudinally paired first and second, laterally inner side or lateral outer side friction shock absorber wedge 64,66 and 68,70 respectively.Each bolster pocket 60,62 has inclined-plane or damper base 72, and it matches with the similar inclined edge surfaces 74 of shock absorber wedge 64,66,68 and 70.Wedge 64,66 is positioned at first separately, medial angle spring 76, on 78 wedge 68,70 be positioned at second separately, lateral angle spring 80, on 82.The inclined-plane 74 of wedge 64,66 and 68,70 is against the inclined-plane of each seat 72.
Intermediate end spring 96 is supported on the bottom surface of platform 98, and described platform 98 is positioned at the centre of bolster pocket 60 and 62.The upper end of central row spring 100 is supported on the main central part 102 of bolster 24 end.In this four-corner structure, each shock absorber is supported separately by one of them or another spring of spring assembly.The static pressure of the spring under the weight of car body or goods tends to work with spring load make shock absorber bias voltage, thus along the ramp effect of bolster pocket so that friction face is pushed against on side frame.When the vertical sliding surface 90 of friction shock absorber wedge 64,66 and 68,70 moves up and down on skimming wear plate 92, provide friction damping, described skimming wear plate be installed on side frame post 36 towards on the surface of inside.Like this, the kinetic energy of motion changes into heat by friction more or less.This friction can attenuate the motion of bolster relative to side frame.When the disturbance of transverse direction passes to wheel 50 by rail, rigid axle 48 can make side frames 26 deflect in the same direction.The reaction of side frame 26 is the swings as pendulum on upper goods of furniture for display rather than for use.The weight swung and the antagonistic force caused by the distortion of spring can will impel side frame to get back to its initial position subsequently.Consistent-vibration owing to orbit perturbation can be fallen by the frictional attenuation of shock absorber on scuff panel 92.
With such as can be arranged on compared with on side frame line of centers, that there is single shock absorber bolster as shown in fig. le, use the double-shock absorber such as separating paired shock absorber 64,68 can obtain larger moment arm to resist the parallelogramming deflection of bogie truck 22 more at large, as in Fig. 1 d with size " 2M " indicate.Use double-shock absorber can get back to " squarely " restoring force in square orientation than using single shock absorber to produce the larger bogie truck that makes, described single shock absorber only has recovery bias force, i.e. squarely application force, and it increases with the increase deflected.That is, when parallelogramming deflection or diamonding, a pair diagonal angle spring (namely, inner side spring 76 and outside spring 82 can be compressed more significantly) can produce relative to the different compressive forces of other a pair diagonal angle spring (that is, inner side spring 78 and outside spring 80 more insignificantly can be compressed than spring 76 and 82) the recovery couple acted on side frame scuff panel.Side frame can be turned to the direction (that is, bolster is perpendicular to the position of side frame or " squarely ") making bogie truck squarely by this couple.Like this, bogie truck can bend, and when bogie truck bends, the cooperation of each shock absorber is taken on and is impelled bogie truck to get back to non-deflected posi-tion as the biasing member between bolster and side frame to resist side frame relative to the parallelogram of truck bolster or diamonding.
Bogie truck 20 and 22 has carried out above-mentioned explanation, and bogie truck 20 and 22 has spring assembly separately, and described spring assembly has three row's springs towards side frame post.The recovery couple that corner shock absorber is arranged can be described, equally as in the bogie truck 400 of Figure 14 a to 14e in the bogie truck with the spring assembly that 2 rows arrange towards shock absorber.For notional intuitive, normal force on the friction face of any shock absorber can be represented by pressure field, and the effect of described normal force is similar to the point load that acts on the barycenter of pressure field and the size of described normal force equals the integrated value of described pressure field on its area.Central role of this distribution application force is in the inner friction surface of the wedge 440 against post 428, and can be considered to diagonal angle outer friction surface lateral excursion one distance of point load relative to the wedge 443 against post 430, this distance is the demarcation twice of the size ' L ' illustrated in the concept sketch map of Fig. 1 k.In the example of Figure 14 a, this distance 2L is approximately the length of a whole diameter of big spring coil in spring assembly.Countermoment conceptually in this case, M r=[(F 1+ F 3)-(F 2+ F 4)] L.This can be expressed as M r=4k ctan (ε) Tan (θ) L, wherein, θ is first jiao (being usually expressed as α at this) of shock absorber, and k cit is the vertical spring constants of coil that is residing for shock absorber and that be biased.
Spring assembly 2 × 4,3 × 3, in the different layout of 3:2:2 or 3 × 5 group, each shock absorber can be arranged in each of 4 Angle Position.For the spring with equal rigidity, the part that acting force of the spring acts on shock absorber wedge is in the scope of 25-50%.If spring does not have equal rigidity, acting force of the spring acts on the scope of the part on shock absorber can in the scope of about 20-35%.If if when using interior loop and do not use interior loop in some spring in other spring or when using the spring of different spring constant, coil assembly can have unequal rigidity.
It seems from the present inventor, it is possible that promote that bolster to the enhancing of sideframe interface (that is, by use corner shock absorber group) this trend of squarely often can to reduce at drawing strickle guide to wheel set axial interface place the dependence of squarely.This can provide again the axle of use torsionally flexible (around vertical axes) to the chance of pedestal interface assemblies, and allows to measure low damage.
Stay bearing plate, namely (a) significantly wider than the integral thickness of side frame, described thickness more generally such as obtains in the measurement of drawing strickle guide place Fig. 1 scuff panel 92, and described scuff panel can be wider than traditional plain wear plate.This additional width corresponds to across the additional overall shock absorber span width of shock absorber to fully measurement, adds above-mentioned infeed stroke, typically allows bolster relative to 1 of any side of the extremely non-deflection center of side frame 1/ 2the infeed stroke of (+/-) inch.That is, the width of plate 92 is not that a coil adds up stroke surplus, but three coils add 1 of the relatively any side of accommodation 1/ 2the surplus of (+/-) inch stroke, altogether double amount stroke 3 " (+/-)).Bolster 24 has flat piece 106,108 of inner side and outer side respectively, and its restriction bolster 24 is relative to the cross motion of side frame post 36.This motion surplus can in +/-1 1/ 8to 1 3/ 4in the scope of inch, and can 1 3/ 16to 1 9/ 16in the scope of inch, and the infeed stroke of midway location when not deflecting relative to side frame can be set in such as 1 1/ 2or 1 1/ 4inch.
The lower end being usually denoted as each spring of the whole spring assembly of 58 is arranged in lower spring cup 52.Lower spring cup 52 turns over the chassis on rectangular periphery limit on can being arranged as and having.Although bogie truck 22 uses the spring assembly of arranging with 3 × 3, this just for general object, and is to represent different categories.They can represent 3 × 5,2 × 4,3:2:3 or 2:3:2 arrange, or some other layout, and can comprise hydraulic damper, or spring these other arrange and go for this bogie truck by the given service with railway carriage thereon.
fig. 2 a-2g
The bogie truck of similar hunting motion class, the swing interface surface of bearing seat can have protuberance or concave curvature, and the Structure deformation part on goods of furniture for display rather than for use allows the teeter of side frame by convex curvature or concave curvature.Bearing seat to drawing strickle guide seated connection mouth can have convex or recessed longitudinal curvature and equally for given vertical load, and this convex or concave curvature can present the linear resistance offset along the longitudinal direction more or less, with spring or neoprene role about the same.
For at this illustrate and the surface at complex curve face (that is, having the curvature in both direction) upper Structure deformation illustrated, vertical rigidity can be approximated to be infinite (that is, larger than very with other rigid phases); Assuming that do not slide in described surface, also can think infinite at the translation longitudinal rigidity of contact point; Assuming that do not slide in described surface, also can think infinite at the translation lateral stiffness of contact point.Rotational stiffness around vertical axis can be considered to zero or be approximately zero.Contrast, the angular rigidity around vertical and horizontal axis is not inappreciable.Lateral angle rigidity more generally can determine the rigidity of the suitable pendulum (pendulum) of test aircraft.
The rigidity of pendulum is directly proportional to the weight of pendulum.Similarly, the friction acting on the resistance on railway carriage wheel and act on lower floor's track structure is the function of the weight that wheel bears.Therefore, preferably low damage is wished for fully loaded compartment, and along with the increase of lade, the general proportions between the rigidity of the weight that wheel carries or self-steering mechanism can maintain by swinging.
Bogie truck performance can change along with the frictional behavior of damper surface.The shock absorber tending to adopt dynamic and static state friction coefficient significantly different produces not exclusively useful stick-slip phenomenon.It is advantageous that the shock absorber characteristic sum of low damage performance being reduced stick-slip tendency of operation combines.
In addition, although bearing seat can be formed by the material of the suitable low cost of such as cast iron, in certain embodiments, the insertion of different materials can be used in goods of furniture for display rather than for use.In addition, can adopt valuably and can make distant bar centering and auxiliary alignment function can be realized carry out from the least energy position expected the component that operates to make goods of furniture for display rather than for use when mounted.
Fig. 2 a-2g shows the embodiment of bearing seat and drawing strickle guide holder assembly.Bearing seat 44 has bottom 112, and described bottom forms hold and be placed on bearing 46, and described bearing itself is arranged on the tip of the axis, i.e. the end of axletree 48.Bearing seat 44 has top 114, its parts having centralized positioning, project upwards, namely convex bearing seat interface portion 116.Component, namely recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use seated connection oral area 118 is arranged in the top 120 of side frame guide rigidly.For this purpose, lug 122 Central places of horizontal expansion is installed relative to drawing strickle guide top 120.No matter which kind of type upper-part 40 is, it has the body of plate 126 form, described plate has one group of lug separated by notch or ear or lug boss 124 upwards extended along the lateral margin place of its longitudinal extension, described lug boss supports also tightly engagement lugs 122, thus upper-part 40 is located, the back of the plate 126 of parts 40 is adjacent to the smooth load transmission plane at top 120.Upper-part 40 can be the drawing strickle guide base member with concave support surface, i.e. part 118.As shown in Figure 2 g, when side frame is lowered by wheel set, connect end-grain cutting mouth between boundary 132 or groove 128 at bearing seat turning between respective side frame guide fixing device 130.When side frame is put into, therefore bearing seat 44 is fixed on the position when the convex of bearing seat interface and concave portion (116 and 118) are in engage.
Protuberance 116 (Fig. 2 d) is formed as having roughly towards upper surface 142, and described surface both had first curvature r 1to allow longitudinal direction to swing, there is again second curvature r 2(Fig. 2 c) swings (hunting motion of side frame) to allow horizontal direction.Similarly, when general, recess 118 has surface, and described surface has first curvature radius R along the longitudinal direction 1the transversely second curvature radius R in direction 2.R 1and R 1joint can allow along the longitudinal direction swing, swing the weight that displacement and wheel bear proportional.That is, the resistance of angular variation and weight proportional instead of equal fixing spring constant.This can all produce passive low damage under the state in underloading compartment and fully loaded compartment.This relation is presented in Fig. 2 d and 2e.Fig. 2 d show longitudinal oscillation parts placed in the middle or the non-deflected posi-tion that do not work.Fig. 2 e shows the tilting member being positioned at its maximum longitudinal deflection state.Fig. 2 d represents the Local Minimum potential energy states of system.Fig. 2 e is expressed as follows system, within the system, longitudinally acts on the center C by axletree and bearing bhorizontal plane on directed force F institute work cause the increase of potential energy, this will produce the rising of the height of drawing strickle guide.In other words, because described application force impels axle yaw, so hunting motion will make compartment raise, and thus increase its potential energy.
When extend in turning connect the end face 134 of the bearing seat 44 between boundary contact with one or the other stroke limitation adjacent surface 136 of the thrust block seat of fixing device 130 time, the travel limit of longitudinal direction is arrived.Usually, skew can by the angular displacement of axle centerline 1or with such as θ 2shown goods of furniture for display rather than for use contact point is in radius r 1on angular transposition measure.The end face 134 of bearing seat 44 is planes, and it becomes the angle of inclination of η with vertical surface.As shown in Figure 2 g, adjacent surface 136 can have circular cylindricality arc, and the major axis of described cylindricality extends vertically.The typical maximum radius R on this surface 3it is 34 inches.When bearing seat 44 fully offsets η angle, end face 134 meeting and adjacent surface 136 linear contact lay.Like this, (part 116) convex surface is suppressed relative to the further longitudinal oscillation campaign on (part 118) concave surface.Therefore, the deflection of the arc of bearing seat 44 is suppressed to limited scope by fixing device 130.The typical range of η can be about 3 radians.δ longitudinallytypical maxim can be about +/-3/16 of any side relative to static vertical line of centers ".
Similarly, as shown in figs. 2 b and 2 c, at horizontal direction, r 2with R 2joint can allow teeter, namely can adopt the mode of hunting motion bogie truck.Fig. 2 b shows placed in the middle, the static minimum potential of teeter system.Fig. 2 c shows the identical systems being positioned at lateral deflection state.In this case, δ 2approximate greatly wherein, for little angle, approximate greatly l pendulumthe static height that can be considered between the contact interface between the center of spring pedestal 52 and convex and recess 116 and 118 is poor.
When horizontal force is applied on the center plate of truck bolster, produce antagonistic force at wheel and rail contact position the most at last.Horizontal force is delivered to main spring group by bolster, and the horizontal force be next converted in spring perch deflects to make the bottom of pendulum.Described antagonistic force sends bearing seat to, and therefore sends the top of pendulum to.Described pendulum will with post deflection, until described in the weight of laying out be multiplied by deflect pendulum moment arm be enough to make to act on described in the moment balance of horizontal couple laid out.
This bearing seat to drawing strickle guide seat interface module is applied in the position of described gravity biased of laying out to center or " static ", wherein there is minimum local potential energy in systems in which.Complete inflection point shown in Fig. 2 c can correspond to and is approximately less than 10 degree (being preferably less than 5 degree) by any side deflection of vertical plane to center, and actual maxim is determined relative to the spacing of plate 104 by flat piece 106 and 108.Although R usually 1and R 2can be different, therefore concave surface is the outside of anchor ring, but preferably can make R 1and R 2value identical, that is, make the bearing surface of described female component be formed as the part of spherical, neither there is major axis and also not there is minor axis, but be only formed on the radius of a ball.R 1and R 2there is the trend of automatic centering.This trend can be quite mild.In addition, in normal conditions, minimum R 1and R 2maximum r can be equal to or greater than 1and r 1value.If like this, the ability that described contact point may have very little (if having) is transmitted at contact point place around the moment of torsion of the axis effect perpendicular to plane of oscillation, so horizontal and vertical hunting motion tendency is torsionally separated, therefore can say, relative to this degree of freedom (around perpendicular to swing contact interface surface vertically or the rotation carried out of substantially vertical axle), (namely described interface has torsion compliance, be centered around resistance that contact point departs from through the torsion of axle on described surface can the resistance that departs from as lateral angles of ratio much smaller).Depart from for low-angle, be centered around the torsional stiffness of the vertical axis at contact point place, even when the smaller value of described recessed radius is less than maximum convexity radius, this condition also can meet sometimes.Although can r be made 1and r 1value is identical to make the convex surface of bearing seat (if relation is put upside down, itself or for drawing strickle guide seat) be a part for spherical, under normal conditions, and r 1and r 1value can be different, r 1may be inclined to and be greater than or be greater than r significantly 2value.Usually, no matter r 1and r 1whether equal, R 1and R 2can be identical or different.Work as r 1and r 1time different, female part faying face can be the part on anchor ring surface.It is pointed out that the situation of the limit is, R if system will get back to local minimum energy state (that is, normal operation automatically return to form) equally 1and R 2any one or can be both infinitely great, to make or to be formed columnar part or when both can form plane for during infinity.In another embodiment, can be r 1=r 1and R 1=R 2.In one embodiment, r 1can with r 1identical, and can be about 40 inches (+/-5 "), and R 1can with R 2identical, and both all can for greatly to make concave surface be flat.
Other embodiments of goods of furniture for display rather than for use geometric configuration can be considered.In one embodiment, R 1=R 2=15 inches, r 1=8 5/ 8inch and r 2=5 ".In another embodiment, R 1=R 2=15 inches, and r 1=10 " and r 2=8 5/ 8" (+/-).In another embodiment, r 1=8 5/ 8, r 2=5 ", R 1=R 2=12 ".In another embodiment, r 1=12 1/ 2", r 2=8 5/ 8and R 1=R 2=15 ".In another embodiment, R 1=R 2=∞ and r 1=r 2=40 ".
The radius of curvature r of convex longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use 1can be less than 60 inches, and be positioned at the scope of 5 to 50 inches, can be positioned at the scope of 8 to 40, can be about 15 inches.R 1can be greatly, or be less than 100 inches, and can in the scope of 10 to 60, or in the comparatively close limit of 12 to 40, and can at r 1in the scope of 11/10 to 4 times of size.
The radius of curvature r of convex horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use 2can between 30 to 50 inches.Selectively, in the bogie truck of another type, r 2about 25 or 30 inches can be less than, and the scope of about 5 to 20 inches can be positioned at.R 2can in the scope of about 8 to 16 inches, and it can be about 10 inches.When using linear contact lay hunting motion, r 2can be approximately smaller a little than value when not using linear contact lay hunting motion, greatly in the scope of 3 to 10 inches, and about 5 inches may be equaled.
R 260 inches can be less than, and about 25 or 30 inches can be less than, thus be less than the half of above-mentioned convexity radius 60 inches.Selectively, R 2can in the scope of 6 to 40 inches, and can in the scope of 5 to 15 inches when rolling wire contacts.R 2r can be in 21 1/ 2doubly between 4 times.In one embodiment, R 2can be r 2about 2 times ( +/-20%).When using linear contact lay, R 2can in the scope of 5 to 20 inches, or narrower range, 8 to 14 inches.
When spherical male goods of furniture for display rather than for use be used in spherical female cover, in certain embodiments, convexity radius can in the scope of 8 to 13 inches, and can be about 9 inches; Recessed radius can in the scope of 11 to 16, and can be about 12 inches.When using anchor ring or oval surface, in one embodiment, horizontal convexity radius can be about 7 inches, and longitudinal convexity radius can be about 10 inches, and laterally recessed radius can be about 12 inches, and longitudinally recessed radius can be about 15 inches.When using flat recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface and when using convex spherical surface, convex curvature radius in about 20 scopes to about 50 inches, and can be positioned at 30 to 40 narrower ranges.
Depend on that carrying capacity, intended purpose and goods of furniture for display rather than for use material can have many combinations.In each situation, the convex and recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface coordinated can be selected to produce the suitable pairing of entity according to the load histories of predetermined carrying capacity, expection and running life.These pairings can change.
Goods of furniture for display rather than for use described here surface can be formed by relatively hard material, and described hard material can be metal or metal alloy material, such as steel or have the material of comparable rigidity and toughness.This material is swinging the position of contact to be similar to the mode generation elastic deformation of journal bearing and ball bearing of main shaft.However, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use can think close to infinite rigid member ideal roll point or linear contact lay (can be).This is different from following material, and within this material, no matter neoprene element is that to pay somebody's debt and expect repayment later be block any shape, and its deflection can be used for determining the dynamic and static state response characteristic of this element.
In one embodiment, the scope of the teeter constant in underloading compartment can about 48,000 to 130, in the angular deflection radian of 000in-lbs/ side frame pendulum, or for fully loaded compartment scope in 260,000 to 700,000in-lbs/ radian, or more generally, scope is greatly in the pound weight that 0.95 to 2.6in-lbs/ radian/pendulum bears.Selectively, for underloading (such as, sky) compartment, the rigidity of pendulum can 3,200 to 15, in the scope of 000 pounds per inch, and for 110 tonnes of fully loaded bogie trucks, the rigidity of pendulum is 22,000 to 61, in the scope of 000 pounds per inch, or more generally, in the pound weight range that the inch/pendulum of 0.06 to 0.160 measured by spring pedestal pound/lateral deflection bears.
Recessed and nonreentrant surface can be inverted to make recessed face of joint be formed in recessed face of joint on bearing seat and be formed on drawing strickle guide seat.This is which parts is actual for " seat " and which parts is the term problem of " goods of furniture for display rather than for use ".Sometimes, seat can be assumed to the parts with relatively large radius, and it is considered to fixed reference, and goods of furniture for display rather than for use is considered to the parts with small radii, and it is " swing " in described fixed reference.But, not always like this.Constitutionally, no matter component is convex or recessed, there is interrelation in it, no matter and described parts be referred to as " seat " or " goods of furniture for display rather than for use ", there is relative motion between described parts or part.Described parts coordinate on force transmission interface.Described force transmission interface is moved along with the movement of described parts, and described parts cooperate to determine the swing interface of going up each other, no matter it is female part or male part nominally.One of them of component or surface is a part for described bearing seat, and another is a part for described drawing strickle guide.Only can have two mating surfacess, total or assembly in can have plural mating surfaces, described mating surfaces determines the dynamic interface between described bearing seat and described drawing strickle guide parts or drawing strickle guide seat (no matter it is called in which way).
Recessed radius R 1and R 2all can not on same parts, and r 1and r 1all can not on same parts.That is, they can be combined and form saddle type parts, and in described saddle type parts, described bearing seat has upper surface, and described upper surface has male part, and this male part is the longitudinal convex surface with horizontal expansion turning cylinder, and it has radius of curvature r 1, and described bearing seat has female part, and it has chordwise curvature radius R 2longitudinal extension groove.Similarly, described drawing strickle guide base member can have prone surface, and this surface has horizontal expansion groove, and this groove has the radius of curvature R of longitudinal register 1, with the r of the convex surface with described bearing seat 1in conjunction with; And there is longitudinal extension, convex surface to lower process, described convex surface has chordwise curvature radius r 2, with the R of the groove with described bearing seat 2in conjunction with.
In some sense, saddle shaped surface is seat and goods of furniture for display rather than for use, is seat in one direction, is goods of furniture for display rather than for use in the other directions.As mentioned above, essence is existence two minor radius and two large (or can or even greatly) radius, and described surface forms the cooperation pairing of all Structure deformation in the horizontal and vertical directions, and described assembly is biased the potential energy position of the local minimum at the center of getting back to.It may be noted that described saddle shaped surface can be squeezed to make described bearing seat have r equally 2and R 1and described drawing strickle guide base member has r 1and R 2.In arbitrary situation, R 1and R 2minimum value can be more than or equal to r 1and r 2maxim, and described cooperation saddle shaped surface tendency torsionally separated, as mentioned above.
fig. 3 a
Fig. 3 a shows the alternative of wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies, is more generally denoted as 150.In this example, be understandable that, the drawing strickle guide region of side frame 151 is as shown in Figure 3 a similar to drawing strickle guide region described in former example substantially, and unless indicated outside, it can think identical.Similarly, bearing 152 can be considered to the position more generally representing wheel set end, and described wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies comprises those parts, component or the parts that are arranged between bearing 152 and side frame 151.Bottom section with regard to bearing seat 154 is arranged on the aspect on bearing 152, and it is usually similar to bearing seat 44.The same with the body of other bearing seats illustrated by this, the body of bearing seat 154 can be foundry goods or forging, or machined components, and can be made up of the relatively low cost material of such as cast iron or steel, and can to make with the substantially identical mode manufacturing bearing seat before this.Bearing seat 154 has two-way goods of furniture for display rather than for use 153, and described goods of furniture for display rather than for use have employed one or the other composite curvature with the first and second radiuss of curvature that may combine according to convex or recessed radius of curvature discussed herein.Bearing seat 154 can be different from above-mentioned bearing seat, it is longitudinally shorter that its difference is that the central body 155 of bearing seat is trimmed to, and the internal interval that turning connects between portion of boundary is widened to adapt to the installation of auxiliary aligning gear or centering component or center-biased recovery component a little, and these components have the form of the neoprene cushion rubber being such as denoted as cushion or component 156.Component 156 can be considered to have the form recovering aligning parts, and can be called " energy disperser " or " buffering " pad.Have and coordinate swing surface to be denoted as 158 with the drawing strickle guide base member of permitting horizontal and vertical swing.Other drawing strickle guide base members shown with at this and illustrate are the same, and parts 158 can be made up of hard metallic material, and described hard metallic material can be the steel of a certain rank.In addition, the joint swinging surface can have low resistance to the torque around the obviously vertical axle by contact point.
fig. 3 b
In fig 3b, bearing seat 160 is similar to bearing 154 substantially, but difference be its have usually be denoted as 161 central recess, recess, cavity or holding portion, described central recess, recess, cavity or device are denoted as the insert of first or bottom goods of furniture for display rather than for use component 162 for holding.The same with bearing seat 154, the main or middle body of the body 159 of bearing seat 160 can have shorter longitudinal length compared with other situation, and it is by brachymemma or dismantle to hold elastic component 156.
Holding portion 161 can have plan view shape, and the edge of plan view shape comprises one or more fit key, mark, part or parts, and its sharp head 163 is representative.Tip 163 can hold the fit key of goods of furniture for display rather than for use component 162, mark, part or parts, and among the cooperation retainingf key of goods of furniture for display rather than for use component 162, mark, part or parts, blade 164 can be considered to representative example.Tip 163 and blade 164 can fix the angle orientation of described bottom or the first goods of furniture for display rather than for use component 162 to make to present suitable radius of curvature in horizontal and vertical all directions.Such as, can be spaced apart unevenly to avoid the mistake (such as, 90 degree of out-phase) of installation position specifically to separate mode around holding portion 161 (blade 164 is correspondingly spaced apart around the edge of insert member 162) by tip 163.Such as, a tip around edge and 80 degree, another adjacent prongs interval, around edge and 100 degree, another adjacent prongs interval, and can form rectangle style by that analogy.Many variations can be had.
The body 159 of bearing seat 160 can be made up of cast iron or steel, and insert, namely the first goods of furniture for display rather than for use component 162 can be made up of different materials.This different material can present the goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface, hardening metal that such as can be manufactured by different process.Such as, insert, component 162 or such as can may be used for producing the steel of ball bearing of main shaft and makes by tool steel.In addition, the upper surface 165 of insert member 162 comprises and swings with coordinating drawing strickle guide seat 168 part combined, the upper surface of insert member 162 can be machined or form high-grade smoothness to otherwise, be similar to ball bearing of main shaft surface, and can be heat-treated to obtain smooth support section.
Similarly, drawing strickle guide seat 168 can be made up of the hardening of steel material of such as tool steel or making bearing, to form high-grade smoothness, and its surface coordinated with the surface 165 of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 162 with formation through the heat treatment be applicable to.Selectively, drawing strickle guide seat 168 can have be similar to holding portion 161 and insert member 162 with 167 holding portions indicated and the insert member that indicates with top or the second goods of furniture for display rather than for use 166, its with such as retainingf key or mark to make parts can be arranged in correct orientation.Component 166 can be formed by hard material in the mode being similar to component 162, and prone swing surface 157 can be had, described swing surface can be machined or be formed high-grade smoothness in other manners, be similar to ball or cylindrical bearing surface, and it can be heat-treated to obtain for coordinating with surface 165, swinging the smooth support member surfaces engaged.When goods of furniture for display rather than for use 162 has two convexity radiuses, and when recessed radius of curvature is greatly to make recessed surface be plane, the abrasion member with the plane of such as spring clip can be arranged on drawing strickle guide top to replace drawing strickle guide seat 168 in the mode of spring interference fit.In one embodiment, spring clip can be the clip on " Dyna-Clip " (t.m.) drawing strickle guide vertex abrasion plate of such as being provided by TransDyne Inc..This clip illustrates in the isometric views in Fig. 8 a with part 354.
fig. 3 e
Fig. 3 e shows the alternative embodiment of wheel set to sideframe interface assemblies, is usually denoted as 170.Assembly 170 can comprise bearing seat 171, a pair elastic component 156, wobble component, and described wobble component comprises the collar, resilient ring or guard ring 172, first goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 and the second goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174.Drawing strickle guide seat can as the above-mentioned top being arranged on drawing strickle guide, or the second goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 can be directly installed on drawing strickle guide top.
Bearing seat 171 for being arranged on the bottom section aspect on bearing 152, is usually similar to bearing seat 44 or 154 with regard to it.The body of bearing seat 171 can be foundry goods or forging, or machined components, and it can be made up of the material of the relatively low cost of such as cast iron or steel.Bearing seat 171 can have usually by 176 central recess indicated, recess, cavity or holding portion, and it is for holding goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 and goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 and guard ring 172.The end of the main portion of bearing seat 171 body has relatively short width to hold elastic component 156.Holding portion 176 can have the shape of circular open, and described circular open can have the flange 177 extended radially inwardly, described flange be defined for towards upper surface 178 platform settling the first goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 thereon.Flange 177 also can to comprising discharge orifice 178, and such as it can be with 4 of the gap-forming of 90 degree holes.Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 has pillow joint face.First goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 can comprise the central part of thickening and thinner radial distal edge edge, and described edge part has bottom longitudinal edge or edge or platform, is installed to and makes vertical dynamic changes process on flange 177 to make it.In an alternative embodiment, no matter be by suitable brass, bronze, copper or the flange 177 that can be used under platform without rubbed surface, relatively soft annular gasket or shim liner be made up of other materials.First goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 can more generally be made by being different from the material making bearing seat 156 body.That is, goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 can be made up of hard or hardened material, such as tool steel or such as can with steel within the bearing, and it more generally can be ground to the roughness of surface of precision than bearing seat 156 higher category and thinner rank.This material can be suitable for Structure deformation running under high contact pressures.
Second goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 can have round-shaped (in plan view) or other suitable shapes, its have for load upper surface in drawing strickle guide seat 168 or, if do not use pedestal seat member, thus described upper surface is directly formed and has the overall drawing strickle guide top forming seat portion and coordinate.First goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173 can have top, swing surface 175, and the described surface that swings has the profile that can obtain two-way horizontal and vertical hunting motion when such as using together with second or the upper goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 that coordinate.Second goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 can more generally be made by being different from the material making bearing seat 171 or drawing strickle guide seat.Second goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 can be made up of the hard or hardened material of such as tool steel or available steel within the bearing, and these materials more generally can be ground to the roughness of surface of precision than the usual higher category of the body of side frame 151 and thinner rank.Such material can be suitable for Structure deformation running under high contact pressures, special in operating together with the first goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173.When use has the insert of different materials, this material may than making the cast iron of bearing seat or the many of relatively soft steel costliness in addition.In addition, the insert with this characteristic based on predetermined rotation or produce need to be worn time, it can be disassembled or replace.
Elastic component 172 can be made up of the compound of such as polyurethane or polymeric material.Elastic component 172 also can have hole or groove 179, and it can be placed on the position cooperated with corresponding discharge orifice 178.The wall of elastic component 172 is high can be sufficiently high with the edge joint with the first goods of furniture for display rather than for use 173.In addition, the second, the part facing radially towards outer neighboring of top goods of furniture for display rather than for use 174 can also to closely cooperate or the mode of interference fit is positioned at the inside or overlapping with elastic component 172 upper rim of elastic component 172 upper limb, and elastic component 172 upper limb may be engaged in stretching a little, thus sealing can be formed to prevent dust or moisture.Like this, described assembly can form closed unit.At this on the one hand, the lubricant of such as lithium or other suitable greases can be inserted in the interval in dust-proof member inside that can be formed between the first and second goods of furniture for display rather than for uses 173,174.
fig. 4 a-4e
As shown in figs. 4a-4e, elastic component 156 general shape can be groove, and it has center or or horizontal or web portion 181 below, and a pair left and right arm, flank section 182,183.Alar part 182,183 can have downward and outwardly directed end, and described end can have the arc lower edge that such as can be placed on bearing case.The insied width of alar part 182,183 can closely be installed around the side of thrust block seat 180.The horizontal expansion lobes 185 extended along the upper limb of web portion 181 can load in the rounded pocket 184 between the upper limb of thrust block seat 180 and the end of drawing strickle guide seat 168.The inner transverse edge 186 of lobes 185 can be cut into inclined-plane or thrown off to hold and press close to be installed on the end of drawing strickle guide seat 168.
It is desirable that wheel set to the wobble component tendency at sideframe interface place itself is maintained fixed in position.As mentioned above, torsion disclosed herein separates Bidirectional swinging device and can have the swing rigidity proportional with the weight be placed on this goods of furniture for display rather than for use.When use longitudinal oscillation surface is to allow low damage, and bogie truck stands the wheel weight (such as can close to lift of wheel) reduced, or when compartment runs under underloading situation, it is beneficial that adopt auxiliary recovery centering member, it can comprise the bias component that bearing seat is pushed to the longitudinal centering position relative to drawing strickle guide top by trend, and the gravity that can bear independent of wheel is inclined in the recovery of this centering member.That is, when bearing seat bear be less than fully loaded load or its when unload time, it is desirable to keep the bias force to center.Above-mentioned elastic component 156 can work this centering.
Fig. 3 c and 3d illustrates by (a) bearing seat, such as bearing seat 154; (b) centering component, such as elastic component 156; And the spatial relationship of the sandwich structure of (c) pedestal jaws thrust block seat 180 formation.For clearly object, Fig. 3 c and 3d eliminates such as discharge orifice or the supporting details for the dotted line that shows hiding parts.When elastic component 156 is placed into, bearing seat 154 (can be maybe 171) can relative to fixing device 180 centering.When energy disperser (component 156) is mounted, it closely can be installed around pedestal jaws thrust block seat, and can press close to bearing seat end wall in small interference fit mode and connect between boundary at bearing seat turning to install.Described energy disperser can be interposed between thrust block seat and bearing seat and to set up the interval relative position of thrust block seat and bearing seat, and can provide and coordinate the initial center of tilting member location and provide recovery bias force.Although bearing seat 154 can still swing relative to side frame, this swing can make a part for component 156 be out of shape (typically, compressing partly), and, because component 156 has elasticity, it can push bearing seat 154 to center, no matter whether goods of furniture for display rather than for use bears weight.Elastic component 156 can have the application force-deflection characteristic of recovery in a longitudinal direction, this characteristic is substantially than the rigidity little (approximately little one to two orders of magnitude) of the application force deflection characteristic of fully loaded longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use, therefore, under the state in fully loaded compartment, component 156 can not may change swing feature significantly.In one embodiment, the polyurethane that component 156 can be about 6,500p.s.i by yang type modulus size is made.In another embodiment, yang type modulus can be about 13,000p.s.i.The yang type modulus of tartan can in the scope of 4-20k.p.s.i.Goods of furniture for display rather than for use centering can be made during installation when placing elastic component 156.In one embodiment, in underloading compartment (such as, after unloading) under state, the application force that one of them energy disperser is deflected can be less than makes goods of furniture for display rather than for use deflect 20% of the application force of corresponding size, and for little deflection, the application force making one of them energy disperser deflect can have the suitable application force/deflection curve slope of 10% of the application force deflection characteristic that can be less than longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use.
fig. 5
Up to now first angle of wedge is only discussed.Fig. 5 shows the isometric views of the end of truck bolster 210.Identical with all truck bolsters discussed with at this illustrate, bolster 210 along its center longitudinal direction perpendicular symmetry (namely, usually relative to the transverse direction of bogie truck) and along its vertically in across cross section symmetry (namely, normally longitudinal symmetrical plane of bogie truck, consistent with railway carriage longitudinal centerline).Bolster 210 has a pair isolated bolster pocket 212,214, and it is for holding shock absorber wedge 216,218.Running-on 212 is more generally the laterally inner side running-on 214 relative to truck side frame.Scuff panel insert 220,222 is arranged in running-on 212,214 along angled wedge surface.
Can see, wedge 216,218 has the first jiao of α measured between vertical surface and the angled summit dorsad 228 of lateral surface 230.For embodiment discussed herein, first jiao of α can be positioned at the scope of 35 to 55 degree, also can at about 40 to 50 degree.This same angular α is mated by the opposite face of bolster pocket 212 or 214.Second jiao of β provides (or outside) gradient of the inner side on the inclined-plane 224 (or 226) of wedge 216 (or 218).Actual angle of slope can by observing along described inclined-plane and the angle measured between described inclined-plane and medial plane 230 and obtaining.Described angle of slope equals the complementary angle of measured angle.Described angle of slope can tend to be greater than 5 degree, in the scope of 5 to 20 degree, and can be preferably about 10 to 15 degree.The desirably angle of slope of appropriateness.
When bogie suspension works in response to orbit perturbation, shock absorber wedge can work in its running-on.Described gradient produces the component tending to outwards be biased in by the lateral surface 230 of outside wedge 218 on the opposite exterior lateral sides face of bolster pocket 214.Similarly, the medial surface of wedge 216 can tend to the inner side plane being biased to running-on 212 inside bolster.These faces, inner side and outer side of bolster pocket stud with the low friction face pad being usually denoted as 232.The left side of described wedge and right side bias force can tend to be kept by described friction shim separately to produce the sufficient moment arm spacing of expection, and stop shock absorber to reverse in respective running-on by being held against on opposite planar wall by described friction shim.
Bolster 210 is included in the belly board 234 between running-on 212,214, and another spring 236 can work being pressed against on described belly board.Belly board 234 can such as be used in the spring assembly with three (or more) coil widths.But, no matter be that there are two, three coil widths, still there is the width of more coil, and no matter be adopt central platform or do not adopt central platform, bolster pocket can all have as first and second jiaos as shown in the example embodiment of Fig. 5, and it can have or not have wearing and tearing insert.
When the central platform of such as platform 234 separates the situation of two shock absorber running-ons, relative side frame post scuff panel is unnecessary is all-in-one-piece.That is, can provide two scuff panel regions, a region is relative with each inner side and outer side shock absorber, thus provides described shock absorber can support plane thereon.The normal vector in these regions can be parallel to each other, and described surface can be coplanar and perpendicular to the major axis of side frame, and can present clearly to the friction face of shock absorber, unbroken surface.
fig. 1 e
Fig. 1 e shows the example of the piece rail road car truck being usually denoted as 250.Bogie truck 250 has truck bolster 252 and a pair side frame 254.The spring assembly of bogie truck 250 is denoted as 256.Spring assembly 256 has the most closely to be adjacent to three springs 258 (inner side spring) of side frame post 254, the spring assembly of 260 (central spring) and 262 (outside spring).Have the motion vibration damping of friction shock absorber 264,266 character, kinetic energy consumable part is arranged in each central spring 260.
Friction shock absorber 264,266 has the friction face 268 of basic plane, and described friction face regards to plane earth and the mode being engaged in side frame abrasion member is installed, and described side frame abrasion member has scuff panel 270 character be arranged on side frame post 254.Spring perch is formed on the bottom of shock absorber 264,266, or socket 272, and the upper end of central spring 260 loads in described socket.Shock absorber 264,266 has the 3rd, and it is inclined-plane or inclined edge surfaces 274, its for inclined-plane 276 engage in inclination bolster pocket 278.Spring 260 bear truck bolster end pressure can tend to shock absorber 264 or 266 is carried, owing to being such, therefore friction face 268 is biased the opposite support face to side frame post 280.Bogie truck 250 also has wheel set, and the bearing of described wheel set is arranged in the drawing strickle guide 284 of any one end of side frame 254.Each drawing strickle guide can hold above-mentioned one or the other side frame to bearing seat interface module and therefore can measure low damage.
In this embodiment, the vertical plane 268 of friction shock absorber 264 can have static friction coefficient is μ sand dynamically or dynamic friction coefficient be μ kbearing surface, this can make described vertical plane tend to when the wearing and tearing general work leaning against scuff panel 270 to represent little or not represent " stick-slip " feature.In one embodiment, friction coefficient is in respective 10%.In another embodiment, friction coefficient is substantially equal and can essentially no stick-slip feature.In one embodiment, when the state of drying, friction coefficient can, in the scope of 0.10 to 0.45, can in the narrower range of 0.15 to 0.35, and can be about 0.30.Friction shock absorber 264,266 can have friction face coat, or adhesive pad 286, and described bonding coat has above-mentioned frictional behaviour, and corresponds to insertion parts and pad described in Fig. 6 a to 6c and Fig. 7 a to 7h.Adhesive pad 286 can be polymerization pad or coat.Low friction or controllable friction pad or coat 288 can be used on the inclined-plane of shock absorber equally.In one embodiment, coat or pad 288 can have the Static and dynamic friction coefficient in 20%, or more ground in close limit, within respective 10%.In another embodiment, Static and dynamic friction coefficient is substantially equal.Dynamic friction coefficient can in the scope of 0.10 to 0.30, and can be about 0.20.
fig. 6 a to 6c
The body of shock absorber wedge self can be made up of the relatively common material of such as mild steel or cast iron.Wedge can have the rubbed surface component existed with shoe, wearing and tearing insert or other abrasion member forms, and it can be defined as consumable product.In Fig. 6 a, shock absorber wedge is usually denoted as 300.Interchangeable friction improvement can consume abrasion member and be denoted as 302,304.Wedge and abrasion member can have the convex of cooperation and female mechanical interconnection shape, and be such as formed in the cross groove 303 in the first edged surface of wedge 300 and vertical plane, it is for coordinating with the corresponding protruding cross shaped head of abrasion member 302,304.Skimming wear component 302 can be made up of the material with specific frictional behaviour, and can from the manufacturer of such as braking and clutch bushing and similar material, and such as railroad friction Products Co., Ltd (Railway FrictionProducts) obtains.Described material can comprise the material being referred to as non-metal, low-friction material, and can comprise UHMW poly-mer.
Although Fig. 6 a and 6c shows the consumed insert with scuff panel and abrasion member 302 and 304 character, whole bolster pocket can be made for interchangeable parts.Bolster pocket can be high precision foundry goods, maybe can comprise the sinter powder metal assembly with suitable physical.The parts of formation like this can be welded in the position of bolster end subsequently.
The downside of said wedge 300, typically can have seat or socket 307, and it is for being combined with the top of spring coil, and no matter which spring it can be, shown spring 262 is typically representative.Expection approximate centre position under socket 307 is used for hindering the skew of the top of spring to leave wedge.Illustrate in Fig. 1 e with part 308 for hindering the base of spring bottom lateral runout or boss.It is pointed out that wedge 300 has first jiao, but not there is the second angle of slope.In this one side, wedge 300 can use the shock absorber 264,266 into the bogie truck 250 of such as Fig. 1 e, and the friction damping being seldom with or without " stick-slip " feature can be provided, but more properly, Static and dynamic friction coefficient is equal or only differ the friction damping of very little (difference is less than about 20%, may be less than 10%).Wedge 300 can be used in bogie truck 250 together with the two-way bearing seat of any said embodiment.The wedge 300 corner vibration damping that can also be used in such as bogie truck 22 wherein can use the wedge not having second jiao in arranging.
fig. 7 a to 7e
With reference to figure 7a to 7e, it illustrates shock absorber 310, described shock absorber such as can be used in bogie truck 22 or in said other double-shock absorber bogie truck any, and described bogie truck can have the cooperation bolster pocket such as suitably formed.Shock absorber 310 at random can be called right side shock absorber wedge.Fig. 7 a to 7e is defined as general, is therefore appreciated that it also represents the left side mirror image coordinating shock absorber being formed with shock absorber 310 and match.
Wedge 310 has body 312, and it can by cast or in addition appropriate process makes.Body 312 can be made up of steel or cast iron and can be hollow substantially.Body 312 has first, the pressing plate portion 314 of basic plane, and described pressing plate has first surface, and it is placed on the substantially vertical orientation relative with side frame bearing surface, such as, is arranged on the scuff panel on side frame post.Pressing plate portion 314 can have the notch or groove or recess that are formed in wherein to hold bearing surface abrasion member, and described groove is denoted as component 316.When component 316 uses together with side frame post friction plate material, it can be the material with specific frictional behavior performance.Such as, component 316 can be made up of braking lagging material, and side frame post friction plate is made up of high strength steel.
Body 312 can comprise bottom 318, and it is extended back by pressing plate portion 314 and perpendicular to pressing plate portion 314.Bottom 318 can have the groove 320 be formed in some way wherein, thus generally forms the gravure of spring coil end, and it can hold the top of the spring coil of such as spring assembly, such as spring 262.Bottom 318 can engage at intermediate altitude place with pressing plate portion 314, hangs with exceeding downwards in the mode in skirt section to make the bottom 321 in pressing plate portion 314.This skirt section can comprise the turning of formation or surrounding portion 322 is settled with the part around spring.
Body 312 can also comprise the diagonal with dip member 324 character.Dip member 324 can have first or lower end, and it is extended by the far-end of bottom 318 and upwards and forward extended to the binding site with pressing plate portion 314.The upper area in pressing plate portion 314 can upwards extend beyond described binding site, can have its vertical length coverage zone larger a little than the vertical length of dip member 324 to make shock absorber wedge 310.Dip member 324 also can have the socket with groove or notch 328 character or seat that are formed thereon, and it engages with the bolster pocket scuff panel of the bolster pocket loaded on it with wedge 310 for holding slidingsurface component 330.Can see, dip member 324 (with surface element 330) has been tilted first jiao of α angle and second jiao of β.Slidingsurface component 330 can be the parts with selected, may be relatively low frictional behavior (when engaging with bolster pocket scuff panel), and described frictional behavior can comprise the Static and dynamic friction coefficient with expectation value.In one embodiment, Static and dynamic friction coefficient can be substantially equal, can be about 0.2 (+/-20%, or narrower range +/-10%), and can there is no stick-slip feature.
In the alternative of Fig. 7 g, shock absorber wedge 332 is similar to shock absorber wedge 310, but, shock absorber wedge 332 friction surface can to improve or except pad or insert that controllable friction characteristic the pad engaged with side frame post or insert and having engages with the inclined-plane of bolster pocket from the teeth outwards for providing except having, shock absorber wedge 332 can also have pad or the insert of such as pad 334 on its lateral surface, to be combined with the side of bolster pocket.In this, it is desirable that pad 334 has low-friction coefficient and tends to do not have stick-slip feature.Friction material can by cast-in-place or on-the-spot bonding, and can comprise such as mechanical interlock as shown in Figure 6 a, or may be used for the boss, groove, projection etc. of identical object.Similarly, provide shock absorber wedge 336 in the alternative of Fig. 7 h, wherein, dip plane insert or pad and sidewall insert or pad are formed and are denoted as the continuous print of 338 or all-in-one-piece parts.The material of described insert or pad also by cast-in-place, and can comprise mechanical interlock.
fig. 8 a to Fig. 8 f
Fig. 8 a to Fig. 8 f shows the alternative bearing block assembly of the bearing block assembly of Fig. 3 a.This assembly is usually denoted as 350, it can be different from the assembly of Fig. 3 a, difference is, bearing seat 344 can have upper surface 346, described upper surface can be the load support interface surface with service area, this surface can be substantially plane with level, therefore it can take on goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 bottom mounted thereto.That goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 can have top or swing surface 352, described surface has suitable configuration, such as, have the composite curvature of horizontal and vertical radius of curvature, to coordinate with the corresponding composition surface that swings that drawing strickle guide seat pad overlaps 354.As mentioned above, under normal conditions, two swing each of mating surfaces and can all have horizontal and vertical radius of curvature, the convex and recessed radius with convex and recessed radius and cooperation the longitudinal direction of transverse direction making to have cooperation.In one embodiment, two recessed radiuses can be very big, and to make drawing strickle guide seat can have plane engagement surface, and drawing strickle guide seat pad cover can be wearing and tearing lining or similar device.
Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 can also have for being arranged on the lower surface 356 coordinated on upper surface 346 and with upper surface 346, and described lower surface also for being delivered to upper surface 346 by load on relatively large face area, and goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 can have suitable integral thickness, this thickness makes vertical load be diffused into the comparatively large regions of the platform that goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 is installed (namely thereon from Structure deformation district, surface 346, or its part).Lower surface 356 also can comprise retainingf key, the flag member with suitable shape, and comprise centering feature 360, described retainingf key, flag member and described aligning parts 360 contribute to installing and contribute to be made its centering again when goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 orders about when leaving center during operation respectively.Flag member 358 also can comprise positioning element, and it is for preventing the improper location of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348.Flag member 358 can be there is suitable shape groove 362 to coordinate with the relative fritter 364 on the upper surface 346 being formed in bearing seat 344.If this shape is non-circular, it can tend to receive an only orientation allowed.Described positioning element can be formed as the aspect of groove 362 and fritter 364.When the chordwise curvature radius of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 is different with longitudinal radius, acceptable is two positions of the out-phase of 180 degree, and cannot accept other orientation.Although the ellipse with different major axis and minor axis may be used for this object, but the shape of groove 362 and fritter 364 can be selected from many possible schemes, and it can have criss-cross and leg-of-mutton shape, or the more than one protruding features in such as unsymmetric form can be comprised.Described aligning parts can be respectively formed on the taper of groove 362 and fritter 364 or the side 368 and 370 of inclination, because, once after side 368 and 370 located, side 368 and 370 starts the other side's work against each other, and the vertical application force acted on downwards on described interface can order about self centering of described parts.
Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 has the outward flange 372 forming coverage zone.Elastic component 374 can be considered to identical with elastic component 156 described above, except, elastic component 374 can have sagging end, it is placed on around the thrust block seat of pedestal jaws, and it can have horizontal extension 376 significantly, it is stacked in the substantial part of the upper area of the smooth or level of the cardinal principle of bearing seat 344.That is, the external region on the surface 346 of bearing seat 344 general planar often, and described external region can be forced to because of the gross thickness of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 and keep separated relation with relative, the prone surface of drawing strickle guide seat, described prone surface can be the exposed surface of the wearing and tearing lining of such as part 354 or part 168, or can be the exposed surface of other suitable components.Part 376 has and is suitable for being placed on the thickness in formed gap, and it is thinner than mean gap height not interfere the work of goods of furniture for display rather than for use.Horizontal extension 376 can have the shape in skirt section, and it can comprise such as a pair left and right side arm or the wing 378 and 380, and it is the profile of the profile of the part at edge 372 being surrounded that described arm or the wing have when observing from planar view.Elastic component 374 has the groove 382 be formed in towards in interior edge.Have at goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 and be similar to the outward extending projection of part 164, the situation of tip, groove 382 can play the function of mark or location feature.The joint of the rather rough of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 can make the wing 378 and 380 goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 is pushed to position relative to bearing seat 344 roughly centering.This rough centering can make groove 362 be engaged on fritter 364, with the centering position making goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 be shifted onto expection subsequently by precise alignment parts, i.e. prism 368,370.The root of part 376 can discharge to prevent the interference of elastic component 372,374 in this position from being adjacent to the radius 384 of surface 346 with the binding site of bearing seat 348 end wall.
When not increasing multiple accompanying drawing, it should be noted that, goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 can selectively be squeezed to load in the accommodation section being formed in drawing strickle guide top, its flat surface is to described drawing strickle guide top, and swing surface towards the bearing seat coordinated, no matter described bearing seat is bearing seat 44 or other bearing seat.
fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b
Fig. 9 a shows the alternative means of the device of Fig. 3 a or Fig. 8 a.The wheel set of 400 is denoted as in sideframe interface assemblies the general of Fig. 9 a, bearing seat 404 can be similar to bearing seat 344 substantially, and upper surface 406 and goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 can be had, their interactional modes and goods of furniture for display rather than for use 348 identical with surface 346 interactional modes (or, in inverted situation, goods of furniture for display rather than for use can load drawing strickle guide top, and bearing seat can have the swing surface right upward of cooperation).Described goods of furniture for display rather than for use can interact with drawing strickle guide base member 410, and described drawing strickle guide base member can be load the wearing and tearing lining in drawing strickle guide top.The body of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 and bearing seat 404 can have the flag member coordinated described in Fig. 8 a to 8e.
Assembly 400 is not two elastic components with such as part 374, but there is single elastic component 412, it can be such as all-in-one-piece cast material, and described cast material can be polyurethane or such as the manufacture of LC pad or the suitable rubbers of Pennsy pad or the material as rubber.LC pad is the neoprene bearing seat cushion that can obtain from the Lord Corporation company of Erie Pennsylvania.The example of LC pad can be denoted as standard compartment TRUCK SCT 5578.In this case, elastic component 412 has the first and second ends 414,416, and they are interposed between the thrust block seat of pedestal jaws and the end 418 and 420 of bearing seat.Can there be a small amount of undersize end 414,416, and to make once top bush puts in place, they may can slip into suitable position vertically in the interference fit mode of appropriateness on thrust block seat.Bearing seat can slip into suitable position thereafter, and slides into position in the mode of small interference fit together with goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 equally.
Elastic component 412 also can have the center or pars intermedia 422 that extend between end 414,416.Pars intermedia 422 can substantially horizontally extend internally in the substantial part of the upper surface being stacked in bearing seat 404.Elastic component 412 can have the accommodation section 424 be formed in wherein, no matter described accommodation section has the character of hole or through hole, its circumference with suitable dimension is to hold goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 and therefore to allow goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 to extend through component 412 at least in part to engage with the cooperation goods of furniture for display rather than for use of drawing strickle guide seat.The circumference of accommodation section 422 can with the matching form of the coverage zone of mode and goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 described in Fig. 8 a to 8e, thus contribute to installing and contributing to the location of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 408 on bearing seat 404.In one embodiment, elastic component 412 can be formed with the style of Pennsy pad, and has the suitable centre hole be formed in wherein.
Fig. 9 b shows the installation of Pennsy pad.In this installation, bearing seat is denoted as 430, and can be such as that the neoprene component of Pennsy pad is denoted as 432.When seated, component 432 is arranged between drawing strickle guide top and bearing seat.Term " Penny pad " or " Penny inserts pad " (Penny AdapterPlus) refer to a kind of neoprene developed by the Pennsy Corporation of Westchester Pa.A case history of this pad promulgates the US Patent 5,562 on October 6th, 1996, in 045 (and it is incorporated herein by reference) in people such as Rudibaugh.Fig. 9 b can comprise with 5, in 562,045 patent illustrate and describe patent same or similar pad 432 and bearing seat 430 in essence.Pennsy pad can allow the passive measurement turned to.The installation of the Pennsy pad of Fig. 9 b can be combined in the side frame being arranged on Fig. 1 a with being indicated in the corner damper means in Fig. 1 a to 1d.In this embodiment, described bogie truck can be the Barber S2HD bogie truck being modified to carry damper means, be such as corner damper means, such as, in the recovery tendency can when the non-square distortion of bogie truck with enhancing, there is the shock absorber that can comprise above-mentioned friction surface.
figure 10 a to 10e
Figure 10 a shows wheel set another alternative to sideframe interface assemblies of Fig. 3 a or Fig. 8 a.In this example, bearing seat 444 can have the surperficial goods of furniture for display rather than for use maybe can with bearing seat 344 form of upper swing of any above-mentioned profile.
The bottom surface of bearing seat 444 not only can have the middle trough or notch 446 that circumferentially extend, it has the summit on the crosswise symmetric plane being positioned at bearing seat 444, but also there is the bottom surface notch 448 of horizontal expansion, (namely this notch is parallel to the longitudinal axis of underlying wheel countershaft and bearing axis, axial direction) extend, to make the bottom surface of bearing seat 444 have with the corner platform of arranged in arrays or base 450, it is for being arranged on the shell of bearing.In this example, each platform or base can be formed on curved surface, and this curved surface has the radius consistent with the swivel of such as bearing case.Notch 448 can extend along the arc summit of bearing seat 444 bottom surface, and notch 446 and 448 intersects.Notch 448 can be relatively shallow, and can gently screw in around bearing seat in.The body of bearing seat 444 more or less not only about its longitudinal center's perpendicular symmetry (such as, when mounted, if this plane does not conform to the longitudinally vertical centre plane of side frame, its perpendicular to and be parallel to the longitudinally vertically centre plane of side frame), but also about its transverse center plane (such as, when mounted, this plane is vertical radially by the line of centers of bearing rotary axle and wheel countershaft) symmetrical.It is pointed out that axial notch 448 can tend on the cross section of the smallest cross-section area being placed on bearing seat 444.From the viewpoint of the present inventor, notch 446 and 448 can tend to by the load of bearing via described goods of furniture for display rather than for use segmentation with expand to bearing case compared with on large regions and thus compared with other situation, its can more equably by load diatibution in bearing sub-assembly.This is considered to the life-span that can extend bearing.
When general, bearing seat 444 can have has the upper surface of convexity to allow low damage, or bearing seat 444 can be formed the low damage device that can hold such as neoprene pad, and described neoprene pad is such as Pennsy pad or other pads.Surface is swung if used, no matter be it by the mode of releasable insert or disk or by being integrally formed in the mode in bearing seat body, directly being positioned at above the center of bearing seat at the contact position loading position of goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and be thus located at the top of the point of crossing of the axial and circumferential notch in the bottom surface of bearing seat 444.
figure 11 a to 11f
Figure 11 a to 11f shows the diagram being inserted into bearing seat 452, drawing strickle guide seat insert 454 and neoprene shock absorber pad component 456 between bearing 46 and side frame 26 as assembly.Bearing seat 452 and pad component 456 are usually similar to bearing seat 171 and component 156 respectively.Its difference is, bearing seat 452 has the thrust block seat balance component 460,462 being positioned at its every one end, and the inferior horn of shock absorber 456 is correspondingly by brachymemma.To the skew in a certain scope, elastomeric response is expected energy and can be enough to allow a high proportion of drive ability.But the skew exceeding this deviation range can tend to cause the pad damage of component 456 or the shortening to its life-span.Balance component 460,462 can play the work of restriction slipper in order to limit the motion of above-mentioned scope.Balance component 460,462 more generally can have the shape of shelf or pillar or slipper 466,468, its be installed to and the turning being positioned at bearing seat 452 projectedly connect portion of boundary 470,472 laterally inwardly faced by face on.Slipper 466,468 is positioned at below the toe 474,476 of component 456 after mounting.It is noted that toe 474,476 is compared with the toe of component 356, there is the outward appearance of brachymemma not contact with slipper 466,468 when mounted.Under static centering situation, slipper 466,468 can tend to leave a certain clearance distance of pedestal jaws thrust block seat.When the elastomeric transversal displacement of component 456 reaches above-mentioned clearance distance, thrust block seat can tend to bottom against slipper 466 or 468, depends on the circumstances.The protection width of slipper 466,468 (namely; the distance that its inner face meeting portion of boundary 470,472 from turning protrudes) can tend to for the wing 474,477 arranges standby pressure region, and can thus tend to prevent the wing 474,477 from exceedingly being extruded or shrinking.Drawing strickle guide seat insert 454 can usually be similar to lining 354, but can include the salient 480,482 of fillet, and thicker central part 484.Bearing seat 452 can comprise the bidirectional swinging portion 486 at center, its for central part 484 downward faced by swing surface engagement swing and combine.Described mating surfaces can meet with any combination of said bidirectional swinging radius.Swing part 486 can at flank 488,480 place of longitudinal extension by angle cam trimming to hold salient 480,482.
Bearing seat 452 also can have different bottom surface grooves 492, it is in fact the lobate recess of the taper of the horizontal expansion that a pair is separated by center bridge region 498, groove or groove 494,496, and described center bridge region has darker cross section and is tapered to the flank of groove 494,496.Groove 494,496 can have major axis, and it is relative to bearing seat self horizontal expansion, but after being mounted, described major axis axially extends relative to the S. A. of underlying bearing.The material of groove 494,496 lack the coverage zone that can tend to leave H-shaped shape substantially in peripheral surface 500, described peripheral surface is arranged on the outside of bearing 46, wherein, the two side areas of H-shaped shape or leg form platform or base 502,504, described platform or base are by relatively narrow waist, and namely bridge region 498 connects.Bottom face with regard to bearing seat 452 is consistent with the arcuate profile that such as can hold bearing seat shell, and groove 494,496 can tend to extending between the base or platform of either side along the summit of profile.This configuration can tend to propagate swing Structure deformation point load to base 502,504 and therefore propagate to bearing 46.Bearing life can be the function of the peak load in roller.By leaving space between the top center of the bearing case on the bottom surface and bearing race of bearing seat, groove 494,496 can tend to prevent vertical load from being passed on the top roller in bearing by the mode significantly concentrated.Instead, can advantageously propagate between several rollers of load in each seat ring.This can realize by using separated base or platform, such as, be placed in the base 502,504 on bearing case.Center bridge region 498 can be arranged on without in the part of seat ring under bearing case, instead of is directly installed on one of them seat ring.The effect of center circumference concatenator or compression element, middle bearing bracket end arch 506,508 can be played in bridge region 498, and it can tend to hinder base 502,504 relative to each other outwards launch or be separated when applying vertical load.
figure 12 a to 12d
Figure 12 a to 12d shows the Alternative assemblies of the assembly of Figure 11 a, and its general terrestrial reference shows and is 510 and loads in side frame 512.Bearing 46 can be identical with bearing seat with aforesaid bearing with bearing seat 452.Assembly 510 can comprise the top tilting member and elastic component 516 that are denoted as pedestal seat member 514.Side frame 512 can make tilting member and pedestal seat member 514 have the integral thickness t larger than other situations s.This thickness t sthe width W of pedestal seat member can be greater than s10% of size, and about 20 (+/-5) % that can be described width.In one embodiment, described thickness can be roughly the same with the thickness of " the LC pad " that obtain from Lord company.This thickness can be greater than 7/16 ", and this thickness can be 1 inch of (+/-1/8 ").Pedestal seat member 514 can tend to have larger thickness and swing the diffusion of contact load in side frame 512 to strengthen.This also can be used as a part for modifying device in side frame, such as, can be produced to hold LC pad before it.
Pedestal seat member 514 can have the body 518 of substantitally planar, and described body has resupinate side margins 520, and described side margins supports and is installed on the lower edge of side frame guide top member 522 around ground.The main portion of the upper surface of body 518 can tend to coordinate contiguously with the prone surface plane of top member 522.Seat component 514 can have the end 524 of stretching out, and this end extends from main, the planar portions end wise of body 518.End 524 can comprise more deep protrusion 526, and it is protruded downwards by both wings 528,530.The degree of depth of protrusion 526 can be consistent with total integral thickness degree of depth of component 514.The bottom of component 518, the surface that faces down (during installation) can be formed as coordinating with the upper surface of bearing seat, thus obtains the bidirectional swinging interface having said convex and recessed pendulum radius and combine.In one embodiment, described recessed swing surface can be plane.
Elastic component 516 can be formed as engaging with extension 524.That is, elastic component 516 can have the cardinal principle channel-shaped of elastic component 156, and elastic component 516 has the sidepiece web 534 between a pair wing 536,538.But in this embodiment, web 534 can extend to the level of the height lower than slipper 466,468 when mounted, and the respective bottom surface 540,542 of the wing 536,538 orientates the top being arranged on slipper 466,468 as.On the top that upper side wall or salient 544 are positioned at the upper limb of web 534 and longitudinal extension, can stretch out at the top of side frame jaw thrust blocks 546.The upper surface of salient 544 or can be flattened to hold extension 526 by deburring.The upper end of the wing 536,538 stops with outstanding, tip or wedge angle 548,550, and described wedge angle is protruding upward in the flat surface 552 of salient 544.The upper end of wedge angle 548,550 is positioned under the prone surface of the wing 536,538 when mounted.
If setter is attempted when first pedestal seat member 512 not being placed into correct position and is arranged in side frame 512 by bearing seat 452, the height of wedge angle 548,550 is enough to stop the swing of bearing seat 452 surface to engage with side frame top member 522.That is, when wedge angle 548,550 contacts with slipper 466,468, the treble height of the convex surface on the swing surface 522 of bearing seat is less than the height of wedge angle 548,550 end.But, when pedestal seat member 512 is correctly put into, extension 526 between the wing 536,538 and the wing 536,538 be locked in above wedge angle 548,550.Like this, elastic component 514, particularly wedge angle 548,550 play installation error detection part or damage the effect of peventing member.
The step of installing can comprise the steps, namely existing bearing seat is dismantled, dismantle the existing neoprene pad of such as LC pad, drawing strickle guide base member 514 is installed engage with top 522 to make it, elastic component 514 is arranged on each thrust block seat 546 top and between cushion component 514 plain bearing housing 452.Cushion component 514 subsequently for by other positioning parts on assembly these parts to be remained on the position of work, and the goods of furniture for display rather than for use as mentioned above for coordinating provides centering bias force.
figure 13 a to 13g
Figure 13 a to 13g show alternative bearing seat 144 and drawing strickle guide seat 146 right.Except bearing seat 44 has fully bending upper surface 142 and bearing seat 144 has except the straight center portion 148 between the sidepiece 149 raised a little, bearing seat 144 is substantially identical with bearing seat 44.Convex support face 147 to be centrally located in straight center portion 148 and upwards to extend from here.The same with bearing seat 44, bearing seat 144 has the first and second radius r be respectively formed on vertical and horizontal direction 1and r 2, to make the formed surface raised up for annular surface.Drawing strickle guide seat 146 is substantially similar with drawing strickle guide base member 38.Drawing strickle guide seat 146 has body, and described body has upper surface 145, and described top surface plane is installed on the prone surface at drawing strickle guide top 120 adjacent to each other, and the tip 124 upwards extended, and described tip is engaged in lug 122 as above-mentioned.In general sense, recessed engaged fit portion, namely forms the medium altitude groove in below present 145, is formed in vertical and horizontal radius R as mentioned above 1and R 2on, form spherical surface 143 when these two radiuses are equal, obtain the circular flat figure of Figure 13 a.Figure 13 f and 13g can be inverted for showing convex and recessed surface, and to make recessed composition surface 560 be formed on bearing seat 562, and convex mating surface 544 is formed on present 566.
figure 14 a to 14e
Figure 14 a to 14e shows the enlarged view of bearing seat 44 and drawing strickle guide base member 38.Complex curve towards upper surface 142 fully extends the side 570 terminating in end face 134 and bearing seat 44.Described side shows the lower mural margin 572 of the downward bow circularly of the side 570 of installing around bearing 46.In all other, for purposes of illustration, bearing seat 44 can think identical with bearing seat 144.
figure 15 a to 15c
Figure 15 a to 15c shows the conceptive bearing seat of Figure 13 a to 13g and the bearing seat of drawing strickle guide seat combination and drawing strickle guide seat of being similar to and combines, but it does not have and protrudes by the remainder of bearing seat the interface portion formed, the surface 576 that protuberance 574 to be recessed in the top of bearing seat is around protruding.The recess 578 coordinated protrudes to provide corresponding mating surfaces from the surrounding structure of drawing strickle guide seat while its hollow shape of maintenance.The dotted line of longitudinal extension indicates the discharge port for preventing ponding.
figure 16 a to 16e
Two recessed radius Rs 1and R 1need not on same parts, and two convexity radius r 1and r 1need not on same parts.In the saddle member of Figure 16 a to 16e, bearing seat 580 has the structure substantially the same with 144 with bearing seat 44, difference is, bearing seat 580 has upper surface 592, described upper surface has male part, it is in fact the longitudinal extension convex surface 582 with horizontal expansion turning cylinder, and the radius of curvature of this convex surface is r 1, and described upper surface has female part, and it is in fact have chordwise curvature radius R 2the groove 584 of longitudinal extension.Similarly, the drawing strickle guide parts 586 be arranged in top 120 have substantially downward towards surface 594, it is R that described surface has machine-direction oriented radius of curvature 1horizontal expansion groove 588 with the r with convex surface 582 1engage, and to have chordwise curvature radius be r 2longitudinal extension, convex surface 590 outstanding is downwards with the R with groove 584 2engage.In Figure 16 f and 16g, saddle surfaces is squeezed to make bearing seat 580 have r 1and R 2, and bearing seat 596 has r 2and R 1.Similarly, drawing strickle guide parts 586 have r 2and R 1, and drawing strickle guide parts 598 have r 1and R 2.In arbitrary situation, R 1and R 2minimum value can be more than or equal to r 1and r 2maxim, and expection range of movement in, the relative saddle surfaces of cooperation can tend to torsionally be separated as bearing seat 44 and 144.
figure 17 a to 17d
It is desirable that, the vertical application force being sent to bearing seat from drawing strickle guide top should be transmitted by linear contact lay instead of bidirectional rolling or swing point cantact.The drawing strickle guide seat with linear contact lay swing interface is represented to bearing seat interface module by Figure 17 a to 17d.Bearing seat 600 has the column upper surface 602 of hollow, and it plays and is formed in radius R 1on the effect in recessed engaged fit portion.Surface 602 can be circular cylindrical shape section or its can be parabola or other column sections.
Corresponding drawing strickle guide base member 604 can have female part or the groove 606 of longitudinal extension, and described female part or groove have and be formed in radius r 1on cylinder surface 608.Equally, parts 604 are column, and can be circular cylindrical shape sections, although it can be produce the parabola of hunting motion, ellipse or some other shape.Be interposed between bearing seat 600 and drawing strickle guide seat 604 is goods of furniture for display rather than for use 610.Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 610 has first or bottom 612, and it has and is formed in radius r 1on outstanding projection shape swing surface 614 and be formed in radius R to be linearly engaged in contiguously 1on the surface 602, r of bearing seat 600 1be less than R 1, and thus allow longitudinal oscillation to obtain passive low damage.As mentioned above, the weight that the resistance of swing and after this low damage can tend to bear with goods of furniture for display rather than for use is proportional, and produces proportional low damage when compartment zero load or load.Bottom 612 also has low groove 616, and it can be machined as high-flatness.Low groove 612 also has centralized positioning, integrally formed upwards extension column protrusion 618, and it is vertically protruding from surface 616.Lining 620, it can be press-fit lining, is arranged on protrusion 618.
Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 600 also has top 622, and it has and is formed in radius r 2on the second projection projection shape swing surface 624 and be formed in radius R to be linearly engaged in contiguously 2on the cylinder surface 608 of groove 606, thus allow side frame 26 to carry out teeter.Top 622 has low groove 626, and it is placed relative to groove 606.Top 622 has the blind hole 628 of centralized positioning, its have with the size of lining 620 close fit engagement with obtain high tolerance, around the connection of axle pivotable, thus make top 622 have good conformability relative to bottom 612 around pivoting action that is vertical or z-axis.That is, the resistance around the twisting motion of z-axis is very little, and can think zero for the object analyzed.For this reason, bearing surface 630 can be installed around protrusion 618 and lining 620 and be placed between opposite face 606 and 616 to impel relatively rotating therebetween.
In this embodiment, protrusion 618 can be formed in top 622, and hole 618 can be formed in bottom 612, or selectively, hole 628 can be formed in both top 612 and bottom 622, and the protrusion 618 of free floating and lining 620 can be locked between described upper and lower.It should be noted that, top 622 can be quite little relative to bottom 612 around the angular transposition of z-axis, is approximately 1 degree, and often can tends to even do not have so large angle.
The transverse direction that bearing seat 600 can have longitudinal extension projection adjoins sidewall 632, and it stops the transverse shifting of bottom 612 and leaves.Bottom 612 can have without rough surface, the lateral wearing washer seat component 634 with relatively low-friction coefficient, and it is interposed between the end face of bottom 612 and sidewall 632.Bearing seat 600 can also have be formed in wherein can center or the discharge orifice that is obliquely installed.Similarly, drawing strickle guide base member 604 can have the sagging end abutment wall 636 of horizontal expansion, and it stops moving or leaving of the longitudinal direction on top 622.Similar with the mode of washer seat component 634, can be arranged between the end face on top 622 and end abutment wall 636 without rough surface, the end wear washer seat component 638 with relative low-friction coefficient.
In the alternative of above-described embodiment, longitudinal cylindrical slot can be formed on bearing seat, and horizontal cylindrical slot can be formed in drawing strickle guide seat, is correspondingly changed by the goods of furniture for display rather than for use clamped.In addition, convex columnar part need not be a part for clamped goods of furniture for display rather than for use.On the contrary, one of them of described protuberance can on bearing seat, and protuberance described in another can on drawing strickle guide seat, and corresponding recess is formed on clamped goods of furniture for display rather than for use.In another alternative embodiment, goods of furniture for display rather than for use can comprise a male member and a female member, is formed in r 1(or r 2) on described male member be positioned on bearing seat, and be formed in R 1(or R 2) on described female member be positioned on below clamped goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and be formed in r 2(or r 1) on described male member be formed on the upper surface of clamped goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and be formed in R 2(or R 1) on corresponding cooperation female member be formed on the lower surface of drawing strickle guide seat.In another alternative, swing framework and can comprise a male member and a female member, be formed in r 1(or r 2) on described male member be positioned on drawing strickle guide seat, and be formed in R 1(or R 2) on described female member be positioned on the upper surface of clamped goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and be formed in r 2(or r 1) on described male member be formed on the lower surface of clamped goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and be formed in R 2(or R 1) on corresponding cooperation female member be formed on the upper surface of bearing seat.This on the one hand on, there are at least eight combinations, described in be combined in Figure 17 e and represented by assembly 601,603,605,607,611,613,615 and 617.
The embodiment of Figure 17 a to Figure 17 d can tend at force transmission interface line contact, and swings in vertical and horizontal both direction, has torsional flexibility around vertical axes.That is, bearing seat to drawing strickle guide seat interface module can tend to the rotation of permission around longitudinal axis to produce the side swinging motion of side frame; Rotate around axis of pitch to produce longitudinal oscillation campaign; There is the torsional compliance around vertical axes.Can tend to stop transverse shifting, and trend keeps the high rigidity of in the vertical direction.
figure 18 a and 18b
The embodiment of Figure 18 a and 18b is substantially similar to the embodiment of Figure 17 a to 17d.But goods of furniture for display rather than for use 644 is not adopt the described hole of such as Figure 17 a to 17d, protrusion, lining to be connected with the pivotable of bearing surface, but it is between bearing seat 600 and drawing strickle guide seat 604.Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 644 has the twisting flexible member be made up of elastomeric material, and it is denoted as neoprene component 646 and is bonded between the top 647 of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 644 and the opposite face of bottom 645.Although Figure 18 a and 18b shows the horizontal expansion groove in bearing seat 600 and the longitudinal extension groove in drawing strickle guide seat 604, the same arrangement in Figure 17 e can be made.Generally speaking, when reverse component is therebetween in the mode tending to torsionally be separated two cylindrical components, neoprene pad is unnecessary to be arranged between described two cylindrical components.Such as, goods of furniture for display rather than for use 644 can be solid, and neoprene can be arranged on bearing seat 600 upper surface below or above pedestal seat member, put together continuously to make torsional flexibility component and described two goods of furniture for display rather than for uses.
Can do equally generally bright to the described pivotable connection of the example of Figure 17 a to 17d.That is, the top of bearing seat more generally can be pivoted on the body of bearing seat, or drawing strickle guide seat can pivotable be mounted on drawing strickle guide top, places continuously to make torsional flexibility component and two goods of furniture for display rather than for uses.But as mentioned above, torsional flexibility component between two goods of furniture for display rather than for uses, can be able to tend to by torsionally separated from one another to make described two goods of furniture for display rather than for uses.Generally speaking, for the embodiment of Figure 17 a to 17d and 18a to 18b, if the physics that the radius adopted produces trend local stability minimal energy state is appropriately combined, so bearing seat can on bearing seat or on drawing strickle guide seat to the protuberance (having less radius of curvature) of drawing strickle guide seated connection mouth, and the recess (having comparatively larger radius of curvature) coordinated can on other components, and no matter which these parts are.Thus, although the female part on the protuberance and drawing strickle guide seat that can show on bearing seat is specifically described, generally speaking, these parts can be generally inverted.
figure 19 a to 19c, 20a to 20c and 21a to 21g
Figure 19 a to 19c shows the combination of bearing seat 650, neoprene bearing seat cushion 652, goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 and drawing strickle guide seat 656, to allow side frame teeter.Illustrate that the bearing seat 650 in Figure 20 a to 20c three additional views is substantially similar to bearing seat 44 (or 144) in the geometric properties that it is engaged in bearing, but bearing seat 650 and bearing seat 44 difference are, bearing seat 650 has surface traditionally more or less.Upper surface 658 can be flat, maybe can have that large (about 60 ") radius convex surface 660, it such as may be used for engaging with the plane surface of drawing strickle guide seat.Convex surface 660 is separated into two longitudinal parts in the central flat portion with horizontal expansion therebetween.As the side in described central flat portion, bearing seat 650 has and laterally protrudes for a pair, towards outer side locating platforms 662 and 664, and among described platform, has the sidepiece lug 666 extending beyond platform 662 and 664 further.
Bearing seat cushion 652 can be the assembly that can obtain from market, such as, can be that manufactured by the Lord Corporation of EriePennsylvania or the signable assembly for standard compartment TRUCK SCT 5844.Bearing seat cushion 652 has bearing seat engagement member, and it is essentially lower panel 668, and the lower surface 670 of this lower panel is separated thus be arranged on convex surface 660 with non-swing juncture.The horizontal and vertical movement of the lower curved secure localization lug of one row or pin or lug boss prevention bearing seat cushion 652, described secure localization lug is essentially marking element or tip 672, it is orientated every side as and has two paired described tips, its mode support ledge 666 engaged to downward-extension and with close installation.The holding state of lug 666 stops the longitudinal movement between bearing seat cushion 652 and bearing seat 650.The horizontal inner face of tip 672 is close to the laterally right to the outside surface of platform 662 and 664, and therefore trend stops bearing seat cushion 652 relative to the horizontal relative motion of bearing seat 650.Vertical, the horizontal and vertical position of bearing seat 650 can be considered to fixing.
Bearing seat cushion 652 can also have upper board 674, and it can be used as drawing strickle guide seat engagement member when improving and installing goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 and seat 656.Under any circumstance, upper board 674 has the general shape of longitudinal extension groove component, and that it has a center or rear portion 676 and the left side upwards extended and leg portion 678,680, described left side and leg portion are adjacent to the side margins at rear portion 676.Leg 678 can have the size and dimension being such as applicable to directly being mounted on side frame guide.
Between lower panel 668 and upper board 674, bearing seat cushion 652 has the elastic interlayer structure 680 of bonding, described sandwich structure can comprise the first elastic layer being denoted as bottom synthetic rubber layer 683, it is directly installed on the upper surface of lower panel 668, bond or be pressed into the middle of the upper surface of layer 682 and strengthen shear plate 684, and top elastic layer, it is denoted as the top synthetic rubber layer 686 be bonded on plate 684.The upper surface of layer 686 can bond or be overmolded to the lower surface of upper board 674.Can be very thin if the thickness of described elastic layer and its width are compared with length, the sandwich structure of described synthesis can tend to have higher vertical rigidity, there is the higher resistance around longitudinal direction (x) and laterally (x) axle torsion, there is the lower resistance around vertically (z) axle torsion, and the larger probably equal shearing resistance had in an x or y direction, described shearing resistance can 20,000 to 40, in the scope of 000 pounds per inch, or depart from scope more narrowly in the scope of about 30,000 pounds per inch for less.Bearing seat cushion 652 can tend to the measurement permitting obtaining low damage when described neoprene component bears longitudinal shear application force.
Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 (see other view 21e, 21f and 21g) has body, described body has the cross section of substantial constant, described cross section has lower surface 690, it is formed thus is arranged on the upper surface of plate 674 of bearing seat cushion 652 with the juncture that smooth, nothing swings substantially, and has the upper surface 692 limiting convex swing surface.Upper surface 692 can have the central part 694 of the continuous one-tenth fillet between contiguous tangent line portion 696, and described contiguous tangent line portion has constant inclination angle.In one embodiment, described central part can extend the radian of 4 to 6 degree to its any side, and can be about 4 in one embodiment 1/ 2to 5 degree.In the above term used, described radius of rounding is " r 2", namely permit the convexity radius of side frame 26 teeter.When the bearing seat with crowning radius be arranged on bearing seat cushion below time, the radius of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 is less than described crowning radius, is approximately less than the half of described crowning radius, and can be less than 1/3 of described crowning radius.Goods of furniture for display rather than for use can be formed on the radius of size between 5 and 20 inches, or more close limit ground, be formed on the radius of size between 8 and 15 inches.Surface 692 can also be formed in parabolic profile, ellipse or hyp profile, or to produce teeter in other profile.
Drawing strickle guide seat 656 (see Figure 21 a to 21d) has body, and described body has main portion 700, and the planar view in described main portion is the shape of rectangle basically.When one end is along the longitudinal direction watched, drawing strickle guide seat 656 has the cross-sectional plane of channel-shaped substantially, and wherein, main portion 700 is formed with the arm 704,706 of back 702 and two longitudinal extensions, and described arm upwards with laterally stretches out from the lateral edges in main portion 700.Arm 704 and 706 has inner or adjacent portion 708, and it upward and outward extends at an angle from the lateral edges in main portion 700, and outside or distal portion or toe 710, its end from adjacent portion 708 extends along substantially vertical direction.Between the relative fingers of described slot cross-section, the width of (that is, between relative toe) is equivalent to the width at side frame guide top 712, and arm 704 and 706 closely cooperates, support and be engaged in described side frame guide top, as shown in the cross-sectional plane of Figure 19 b.Arm 704 and 706 has otch, groove, notch or the marker characteristic that longitudinal center locates, and is denoted as notch 714.Notch 714 is installed (Figure 19 b) around T-shaped lug 716 in the mode of close fit engagement, and described lug is welded on the either side at the drawing strickle guide top on side frame.This joint establishes the horizontal and vertical position of drawing strickle guide seat 657 relative to side frame 26.
Drawing strickle guide seat 656 also has four laterally projecting turning lugs or bonded block 718, its longitudinally inwardly faced by surface and bearing seat cushion 652 upper board 674 on to turn over the horizontal expansion end face of leg 678 relative.That is, the turning bonded block 718 on each side of drawing strickle guide seat 656 is the mode backup bearing seat cushion 652 of close fit engagement to turn over the end of leg 678.This relation fixes the lengthwise position of drawing strickle guide seat 656 relative to the upper board of bearing seat cushion 652.
Surface 700 faced by the main portion 700 of drawing strickle guide seat 656 has downwards, it is processed to hollow to form recess, and described recess limits recessed swing composition surface 702.This surface is formed in the recessed radius more much larger than the radius of the central part 694 (Figure 21 f) of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 and (is denoted as R according to the above term used 2) on, contact with rolling wire the mode engaged with drawing strickle guide seat 656 to make goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 and contact and allow side frame 26 to tie up to teeter on goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 with teeter pass.The arcuate profile of recessed swing composition surface 702 can impel the horizontal automatic centering of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654, and it can have from central area to the radius of curvature that adjacent domain changes, and described adjacent domain can be tangential plane region.When drawing strickle guide seat 656 and goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 are by improving on the bearing seat that is mounted on and has crowning radius, the radius of curvature of drawing strickle guide seat can tend to be less than or equal to described crowning radius.The center curvature radius R on surface 702 2or general radius of curvature (if constant) in the scope of 6 to 60 inches, can be preferably more than 10 inches and is less than 40 inches.Its size can at the radius of curvature r of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 211/10 to 4 times between.As mentioned above, drawing strickle guide seat must not have recessed swing surface and goods of furniture for display rather than for use, and must not have convex swings surperficial, but these surfaces can be put upside down, make nonreentrant surface on drawing strickle guide seat recessed surface on goods of furniture for display rather than for use.Especially in improvement is installed, between the arm 704,706 that upper board 674 turns over leg 678 and drawing strickle guide seat 656, relatively very little interval can be there is.This interval illustrates in Figure 19 b with gap ' G ', and described gap ' G ' is preferably enough surpluses of the hunting motion between described parts, described hunting motion by truck bolster flat piece 106,108 spacing limit.
By arranging the combination of horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use and shear pad, the assembly obtained can provide the flexibility substantially increased in a lateral direction, allows to measure low damage simultaneously.The example of Figure 19 a can be set to initial installation, maybe can be set to improve install.When improving installation, goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654 and drawing strickle guide seat 656 can be arranged between existing neoprene pad and existing drawing strickle guide seat, or can install together with the replacement neoprene pad with thinner integral thickness, can remain roughly the same with improving the height before installation to make bearing seat to the overall height of drawing strickle guide seated connection mouth.
Figure 19 e and 19f represents the alternative embodiment of neoprene pad and goods of furniture for display rather than for use combination.Although the embodiment of Figure 19 a shows in the horizontal and vertical directions to shearing the neoprene sandwich structure with roughly equal response, this needs not to be general situation.Such as, in the embodiment of Figure 19 e and 19f, neoprene bearing seat pad assembly 720,731 has respective resilient elastomeric sheet interlayer structure, and it is denoted as 722 and 723, and wherein, reinforcement 726,727 has the rill or wavy of longitudinal extension.At longitudinal direction, described sandwich structure can tend to as above in the example of Figure 19 a with the mode counteraction of almost pure shear.But departing from of horizontal direction not only needs shearing component now, and except shearing component, also need perpendicular to described neoprene component pressure and draw and answer component.This can tend to produce more rigid transverse response, and thus produces anisotropy response.The anisotropy shear pad device with this character can be used in the embodiment of Figure 19 a, and the plane device in the embodiment of Figure 19 a can be used in any one of the embodiment of Figure 19 e and 19f.With reference to figure 19e, base plate 728 all usually has the contoured corresponding with the contoured of sandwich structure 722 with upper board 730.Goods of furniture for display rather than for use 732 has the lower surface having corresponding profile.Other aspects, this embodiment is substantially identical with the embodiment of Figure 19 a.
With reference to figure 19f, neoprene bearing seat pad assembly 721 has base plate 734, and described base plate has the lower surface be placed in non-swing relation on bearing seat, and its mode is the same with the mode that bearing seat pad assembly 652 is placed on bearing seat 650.The upper surface 735 of base plate 734 has rill or contoured, and described rill is as above-mentioned longitudinal extension.The neoprene thin slice of the first elastic layer 736, internal reinforcing plates 737 and the second elastic layer 738 is between the basal surface that the correspondence of base plate 734 and upper board 740 is wavy.Upper board 740 is not the surface plate that other goods of furniture for display rather than for use plates can be installed on it, but has upper surface 742, and described upper surface has integrally formed goods of furniture for display rather than for use profile, and this profile is corresponding with the profile of the upper surface of goods of furniture for display rather than for use 654.Drawing strickle guide seat 744 is therefore without the need for the goods of furniture for display rather than for use separated, and it directly can be installed on upper board 740 and to keep the relation of teeter with its tool.The combination of bearing seat cushion 721 and drawing strickle guide seat 742 can have the bonded block 747 be connected to each other, and it prevents goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface 742 relative to surface 748 vertically move that face down with given shape of drawing strickle guide seat 744.
figure 22 a to 22c, 23a and 23b
Do not have in Figure 22 a to 22c to adopt and the bearing seat that separates of bearing, and show and be arranged on the bearing 750 of axletree wherein on one end.Bearing 750 has integrally formed arc rolling contact surfaces 754, and it is for coordinating rolling point cantact with the rolling contact surfaces 756 that coordinates of drawing strickle guide base member 758.The general geometric configuration of described rolling relation is according to r 1, R 1be described with the possible relation of L, and as mentioned above, convex and recessed rolling contact surfaces can be put upside down, be on drawing strickle guide seat to make described nonreentrant surface that described recessed surface is on bearing, or in addition, when composite curvature, described surface can be saddle, as mentioned above.The bearing of Figure 22 b and 23b represents and is illustrated as basis with the bearing cross-sectional plane in " 1997 compartments and locomotive cyc " 812 pages.Described bearing cross-sectional plane illustrates the Cyclopedia Courtesy being supplied to the Brenco Inc. of the Petersburg of Fo Jiniya.
In more detail, bearing 750 is the assembly parts of parts, and it comprises inner ring 760, the roller assembly 762 of a pair taper, and its inner ring engages with axletree 752, and outer ring member 764, and its Inner frustoconical body stayed surface engages with the roller of assembly 762.The whole assembly comprising sealing member, liner and gasket ring is fixed by the end cap 766 of the end being installed to axletree 752.Circular cylindrical shape outer ring member is not adopted in the assembly of Figure 22 a to 22c, on the contrary, ring element 764 has top 770, described top has the general shape identical with bearing seat 44 or 144 and function, it comprises taper end wall 768, this wall as mentioned above near the surface of above-mentioned pedestal jaws 130 carry out oscillating stroke restriction.In addition, the turning that top 770 comprises for supporting fixing device 130 described above meets boundary 774.Therefore, bearing has integrally formed swing surface.Described swing surface is for good and all fixed relative to the remainder of underlying bearing assembly.This provides the suppressed assembly relative to swinging surface pivots of a kind of bearing case.
In Figure 23 a and Figure 23 b, overall bearing and bearing seat wobble component or wheel set to pedestal interface assemblies are denoted as the bearing 790 of improvement.In this case, outer shroud 792 is formed as the such as horizontal expansion of nonreentrant surface (although it can be spill described above), the shape on column goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface 794, to engage with the horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface 796 of spill (although it can be convex described above) that coordinates of drawing strickle guide seat 798, the low damage that this can tend to provide as mentioned above and weight is proportional.
Therefore, the embodiment of Figure 22 a and 23a all illustrates side frame guide for piece rail road car truck to axle bearing interface assembly.The assembly of the embodiment of Figure 22 a has the parts that can operate to realize horizontal and vertical swing.Two embodiments comprise bearing assembly, described bearing assembly has a shape and is saddle, is not spill or is exactly the swing surface elements of convex, its integral part being formed as outer race is located (because in this example, swinging mating surfaces is a part for bearing) relative to bearing rigidity with the position making to swing mating surfaces.In the embodiment of Figure 22 a, described integrally formed surface is composite surface, and in the embodiment of Figure 23 b, described rolling contact surfaces is cylinder surface, described cylinder surface be formed in there is not curvature radius arc on.
(namely may combining of surface type comprise two above-mentioned component interface, swing surface on its top and the cooperation on drawing strickle guide seat swing surface) or three component interface, in described three component interface, middle goods of furniture for display rather than for use be arranged on that (a) locate relative to bearing race rigidity between surface and the surface of (b) drawing strickle guide seat.As mentioned above, one or another surface can be formed in globular arc portion and have torsional compliance to make described parts, or in other words, torsionally separate relative to rotating around vertical axes.Described combination can comprise the suitable cushion using such as component 156,374,412 or 456.
Each assembly of Figure 22 a and 23a has bearing, and it is installed on one end of wheel countershaft of piece rail road car truck.Described bearing has external member, and described external member is installed to the position that axletree end can be rotated relative to it, and reason is that described inner ring can be rotated relative to described outer shroud.Described bearing has turning cylinder, and around described turning cylinder coaxially, when described bearing collar and bearing are installed, its axis trend is consistent with the longitudinal axis of wheel countershaft for bearing collar and bearing.In each situation, described external member has the swing surface be formed thereon and engages with the rolling contact surfaces that coordinates of the pedestal seat member of the side frame with three piece truck.
When the rolling contact surfaces of described bearing is centered under corresponding pedestal, it has local minimum energy state, and preferably, coordinates rolling contact surfaces to have the radius that can tend to make the automatic centering of convex Structure deformation component.That is, from least energy position (preferably, centering position) remove and can tend to cause the vertical distance of separation between wheel set shaft centre line (thus line of centers of bearing turning cylinder) to become and separate with side frame guide top further, because wobbling action can tend to the end of side frame to raise slightly, therefore stored in system potential energy is increased.
This can illustrate by different modes.In cylindrical polar coordinates, the major axis of wheel countershaft can be considered to axial direction.Radial direction is measured perpendicular to described axial direction, and angle circumferential direction is reciprocally perpendicular to described axial direction and described radial direction.Rolling contact surfaces exists distance axis and forwards the nearest position of moving axis, this position definition " static " or local minimum potential-energy balance position.Radius of curvature due to described rolling contact surfaces is greater than the radical length L between bearing turning cylinder and minimum radius, radial distance as circumferential angle theta function is increased in every side of minimum radius position (or, in other words, from the position of the minimum radial distance of bearing turning cylinder between the region with larger radial distance).Therefore, the slope of function r (θ), i.e. dr/d θ are zero at minimum point, and leave minimum point at any side angular transposition to Minimum Energy position, and r increases.When described surface has the curvature of space, dr/d θ and dr/dL is all zero at minimum point, and leaves every side of described minimal energy position or all sides of described minimal energy position, and r increases, and is zero at described Minimum Energy position r.No matter the described rolling contact surfaces on bearing is nonreentrant surface, or recessed surface, or saddle, no matter and center of curvature is positioned at below bearing center of turn or on rolling contact surfaces, and this can tend to for correctly.The curvature bending part of rolling contact surfaces can be spherical, oval, annular, parabola, parabola or column.Described rolling contact surfaces has radius of curvature, if adopt the curvature of space, it has multiple radius of curvature, and described radius of curvature is greater than the distance from the distance minimum position with turning cylinder, and described rolling contact surfaces and the described different axle center of bearing turning cylinder.
This can also alternatively illustrate, that is, the rolling contact surfaces of bearing exists primary importance, described primary importance than any position of other on described rolling contact surfaces radially closer to the turning cylinder of described bearing.First distance L is defined as the distance between described turning cylinder and described proximal most position.The surface of bearing and the surface of drawing strickle guide seat respectively have radius of curvature and coordinate with convex and recessed relation, and a radius of curvature is convex curvature radius r 1, another one radius of curvature is recessed radius of curvature R 2(no matter its be which).R 1be greater than L, R 2be greater than r 1, and L, r 1and R 2defer to formula L -1-(r 1 -1-R 2 -1) >0, described goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface can cooperate to allow low damage.
figure 24 a to 24e
Figure 24 a to 24e relates to a kind of three piece truck 200.Bogie truck 200 has three major parts, described parts be truck bolster 192 and be denoted as a pair 194 the first and second side frames, described truck bolster is symmetrical about bogie truck longitudinal centerline.Figure 24 c shows the symmetry of bogie truck 200, which show only a side frame.Three piece truck 200 has the resilient suspension (first hangs) provided by spring assembly 195, and described spring assembly is interposed between the end (that is, lateral outer side) of truck bolster 192 and side frame 194.
Truck bolster 192 be rigidity, build-up type crossbeam, it has the first end engaged with a side frame assembly and the second end (two ends are all denoted as 193) engaged with another one side frame assembly.Center plate or center basin 190 are positioned at bogie pivot center.Upper limb 188 extends between both ends 194, and it is narrow in center waist, is then outwards deployed into the wider lateral outer side end in end 194.Truck bolster 192 also has lower edge 189 and two build-up type webs 191, and described two build-up type webs extend between upper limb 188 and lower edge 189 and form fitfull, closed cross-section boxlike crossbeam.The additional place that web 197 is arranged between flange 188 and the terminal part of 189, bolster 192 engages with one of them spring assembly 195.The transverse end areas of truck bolster 192 also has friction damper hold 196,198, and it is for holding friction shock absorber wedge.
Side frame 194 can be the shell with drawing strickle guide parts 40, and bearing seat 44, bearing 46 and a pair axletree 48 and wheel 50 are arranged in described housing parts.Side frame 194 also has compression element or upper chord member 32, tension member or lower chord member 34, vertical lateral column 36 and 36, and it is positioned at the side of vertical Transverse plane separately, and described vertical Transverse plane divides described bogie truck equally in the lengthwise position at bogie truck 200 center.Formed the opening of general rectangular by the cooperation of upper and lower beam 32,34 and vertical quarter pillar 36, the end 193 of truck bolster 192 can import in described opening.Thus the terminal part of truck bolster 192 can move up and down relative to described side frame in this perforate.Lower beam 34 has the end or lower spring cup 52, and spring perch 195 can be placed on described lower spring cup.Similarly, upper spring seat 199 is arranged by the bottom surface of the distal portion of bolster 192, and described bottom surface engages with the upper end of spring assembly 195.Like this, trend increases or reduces the pressure of spring in spring assembly 195 by the vertical movement of truck bolster 192.
In the embodiment of Figure 24 a, spring assembly 195 has two row's springs 193, laterally inner side spring and lateral outer side spring.In one embodiment, often row can have large (8 inches of +/-) diameter coil spring that four vertical rebound spring rate of strain constants are k, and the vertical rebound spring rate of strain constant of group 195 is less than 10,000 pounds per inch.In one embodiment, this spring rate constant can 6000 to 10, in the scope of 000/ pounds per inch, and can in the scope of 7000 to 9500 pounds per inch, this show that total vertical rebound spring rate of strain of described bogie truck is the twice of above-mentioned numerical value, large about 14,000 to 18, in the scope of 500 pounds per inch.Depend on that the required total spring rate of spring assembly and rigidity are distributed, spring arrangement can comprise the nested coil of outer spring, inner spring and interior-inner spring.The quantity of spring, the interior and quantity of exterior loop and the spring rate of various spring can change.The spring rate of spring assembly coil increases the spring rate constant of spring assembly, is typically suitable for the carrying capacity designed by described bogie truck.
Each side frame assembly also has four friction shock absorber wedges, and it is arranged as first and second to horizontal inner side and lateral outer side wedge 204,205,206 and 207, and they engage with socket or seat 196,198 in the mode of corner arrangement.Each bight spring-loaded friction shock absorber wedge 204,205,206 and 207 in spring assembly 195.Each vertical post 36 has skimming wear plate 92, and the friction face that described friction plate has a wedge 204,205,206 and 207 can support laterally inner side and lateral outer side region thereon respectively.Bolster flat piece 106,108 lays respectively at the inner side and outer side of scuff panel 92.
In the explanation of Figure 24 e, damper base is depicted as and is separated by dividing plate 208.If draw longitudinal perpendicular through bogie truck 200 via the center of dividing plate 208, can see, inner side shock absorber is positioned at the side of plane 209, and outside shock absorber is positioned at the outside of described plane.In swing subsequently, to be tended to the mode effect of couple by the vertical of damper action on swinging, wherein, act on the complete inner side of plane that the application force on the friction bearing surface of inner side pad will act on one end all the time, and the application force acted in addition tiltedly on friction face will act on the complete outside of described plane all the time.
In one embodiment, the size of the spring assembly embodiment of Figure 24 b can produce side frame fenestra, and the width of described opening is the width between the vertical post 36 of side frame 194, and its size is about 33 inches.Described spring assembly wants relative large compared with existing spring assembly, and its width wants large more than 25%.In the embodiment of Fig. 1 f, bogie truck 20 also can have fenestra wide especially to hold diameter respectively for 5 1/ 2" 5 coils.Bogie truck 200 can have the relatively large wheelspan length being denoted as WB.WB can be greater than 73 inches, or to represent with the ratio of gauge width, it can be greater than 1.30 times of gauge width.WB can be greater than 80 inches, or is greater than 1.4 times of gauge width, and in one embodiment, WB is greater than 1.5 times of gauge width, is equal to or greater than about 84 inches.Similarly, the width of side frame fenestra can be greater than height.The width striding across scuff panel between opposite side trestle 36 can be greater than 24 ", the ratio of width to height can be greater than 8:7, and described width can in the scope more than 28 " or 32 ", and corresponding the ratio of width to height is greater than 4:3 and is greater than 3:2.The size of described spring perch can be extended to the width corresponding to side frame fenestra, and transverse width is 15 1/ 2"-17 " or larger.
figure 25 a to 25d
Figure 25 a to 25d shows alternative bogie truck embodiment.Bogie truck 800 has bolster 808, side frame 807 and shock absorber 801,802 device, that it adopts inner side and outer side constant force, longitudinally paired friction shock absorber 801,802, described friction shock absorber is supported on the spring 803,804 of horizontal force, and described spring is enclosed in the running-on side by side 805,806 be arranged in truck bolster 808 end.Although only there are two shock absorbers 801,802 to be illustrated, this to shock absorber towards side frame post relative separately.The consumed abrasion member 810 that shock absorber 801,802 can comprise block 809 separately and be installed on the face of described block 809.Described block and abrasion member have the convex of cooperation with concave label feature 812 with the position keeping it relative.There are in described spring compressor detouchable flat head screw parts 814 to be loaded in advance to make spring and can be kept in position during installation.Friction shock absorber 801,802 is shifted onto or is biased on the friction surface of the correspondence of described side frame post by spring 803,804.Spring 803,804 depart from the pressure not relying on main spring group 816, but the function of initial predetermined load.
figure 26 a and 26b
Figure 26 a and 26b shows the local isometric views of truck bolster 820, the truck bolster 402 of described truck bolster and Figure 14 a is substantially similar, difference is that bolster pocket 822 does not have the web of similar central partition plate, but there is continuous print groove (bay), described groove extends across the width of the underlying spring assembly of such as spring assembly 436.Single wide shock absorber wedge is denoted as 824.Shock absorber 824 has and is supported by two springs 825,826 of described underlying spring assembly and acted on the width on it.If bolster 400 can tend to be displaced to the non-vertical orientation relative to the side frame that is associated, such as parallelogram phenomenon, the side of wedge 824 can tend to be extruded more tightly than other side, wedge 824 is made to tend to reverse around the turning cylinder of angled (that is, inclined edge surfaces) perpendicular to described wedge in running-on.This torsion tendency also tends to cause different pressures at spring 825,826, all produces countermoment to the torsion of wedge 824 and truck bolster 820 relative to the non-square displacement of described truck side frame.Relative spring pairing on the post of the opposite side of described side frame can tend to produce similar moment.Figure 26 b shows alternative a pair shock absorber wedge 827,828.This folding wedge profile can load bolster pocket 822 similarly, and in this case, each wedge 827,828 is arranged on spring separately.Wedge 827,828 along first jiao of face of bolster pocket 822 relative to each other slidably.When described bogie truck moves to non-square situation, the differential displacement of wedge 827,828 can tend to produce differential pressure on it is associated spring, that is, spring 825,826 produces countermoment.In either case, described bolster pocket can have wear washer 494, and described running-on itself can be a part for the precast insert 506 be welded on described bolster end, no matter be initial product or improvement product, it can comprise the wider side frame post of installation and different spring assembly is selected, described spring assembly is selected to arrange to obtain improve conversion to double damping device (such as, corner) with from single shock absorber.
figure 27 a and 27b
Figure 27 a shows the bolster 830 being similar to bolster 210, and its difference is, bolster pocket 831 respectively holds the wedge 833,834 of pair of separated.Running-on 831,832 respectively has a pair stayed surface 835,836, and described a pair stayed surface not only tilted with first jiao of α but also with second jiao of β, and described second jiao of surface 835,836 is positioned at opposite side to produce above-mentioned shock absorber separation force.Surface 835,836 also has liner, and it is essentially the scuff panel 837,838 of relatively low friction.Each pair of separating wedge is arranged on single spring.
The example of Figure 27 a shows bolster 840 and offset separation wedge 841,842.Bolster pocket 843,844 is ladder running-on, wherein said ladder, and namely part 845,846 has first jiao of identical α and identical second jiao of β, and is all biased with identical direction, is different from the plane of symmetry of the separating wedge of side, left and right in Figure 27 a.Therefore, the paired separating wedge 842 in outside has the first and second components 847,848, and it has first jiao of α and second jiao β of same side separately, and described in two, component is all upwards biased in outside.Similarly, the paired separating wedge 841 in inner side has the first and second components 849 and 850, and it has first jiao of α and second jiao β, and difference is that the direction of second jiao of β makes component 849 and 850 tend at direction, inner side upper offset.In the layout of Figure 27 c, single ladder wedge 851,852 may be used for replacing described paired separating wedge, i.e. component 847,848 or 849,850.The wedge of corresponding opposite side is used in another one bolster pocket.
figure 28 a and 28b
In Figure 28 a, truck bolster 860 has the bolster pocket insert 861,862 of the welding being positioned at opposite side, and it is welded in the accommodating chamber of its end.Each bolster pocket has inner side and outer side portion 863,864, its total same first jiao of α, but has the second jiao of β being positioned at opposite side.Corresponding inner side and outer side wedge is denoted as 865,866, is arranged on separately on the spring 867,868 of vertically location.In this case, bolster 860 do not have platform in separately bolster pocket and outside in be similar to the bolster 820 of Figure 26 a.Bolster 860 is similar to the bolster 210 of Fig. 5 equally, and difference is, the bolster pocket of opposite side combines when not interfering platform.In Figure 28 b, separating wedge pairing 869,870 (inner sides) and 871,872 (outsides) are for replacing single inner side and outer side wedge 865 and 866.
physical pendulum geom
At this illustrate and the various goods of furniture for display rather than for uses illustrated can adopt the goods of furniture for display rather than for use being formed as physical pendulum, namely convex goods of furniture for display rather than for use radius is non-zero, and (relative with slip) engages to suppose that it rolls with recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use.The embodiment of Fig. 2 a (and other) such as shows two-way physical pendulum.The performance of these pendulum not only can affect the lateral stiffness on longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use but also affect the low damage on longitudinal goods of furniture for display rather than for use.
The lateral stiffness hung can tend to the rigidity of the side frame (that is, side frame teeter) reflected between (a) (i) bearing seat and (ii) bottom spring seat; The rigidity of the lateral runout of each spring between b upper spring seat that () (i) lower spring cup and (ii) install against truck bolster; The rigidity of the moment between c upper spring that in () (i) side frame, spring perch and (ii) install against truck bolster.The lateral stiffness of described spring assembly can be about 1/2 of uprighting spring rigidity.For the bogie truck of 100 or 110 tons being 263,000 or 286,000 pound of GWR design, assuming that each bogie truck has two spring assembly, there are two bogie trucks in each compartment, and given crossed strip rigidity is 13-16,000 pound/in., then uprighting spring group rigidity can be 25-30,000 pound/in..The teeter that the second component of rigidity relates to described side frame departs from.Height between described bottom spring seat and the convex surface of described bearing seat can be about 15 inches (+/-).Described drawing strickle guide seat can have the flat surfaces carrying out linear contact lay with the bearing seat convex surface of 60 inch diameter.For the compartment that load is 286,000 pound, the surface rigidity of the described side frame caused by this second component can be 18,000-25 in the observed reading of described bottom spring seat, 000 pound/in.The rigidity caused by the unbalanced pressure of three-component, described spring is added to side frame rigidity.The rigidity value of each spring assembly can be about 3000-3500 pound/in, depends on the rigidity of described spring and the layout of described spring assembly.Total lateral stiffness of a side frame of S2HD 100 tons of bogie trucks can be about 9200 pounds per inch/side frame.
Alternative bogie truck is " swing " bogie truck, such as, 716 pages in " 1980 compartments and locomotive cyc " (1980, Simmons-Boardman, Omaha) are shown.In pivoted bogy, side frame can more action as pendulum.Described bearing seat has the recessed goods of furniture for display rather than for use that radius is approximately 10 inches.The convex goods of furniture for display rather than for use being arranged on the cooperation at side frame top can have the radius of about 5 inches.Depend on geom, this can produce size to lateral runout is the about of exemplary value 1/ 4(or less) is to about 1/ 2side frame resistance.If the relative compliance of described pendulum is combined with the rigidity of spring assembly, the relative compliance of described pendulum can have dominating role.Lateral stiffness can thus smaller by the impact of uprighting spring rigidity.The use swinging lower spring cup can reduce or eliminate the lateral stiffness caused by overbalance spring pressure.Pivoted bogy has used crossbeam to connect side frame, and pins described crossbeam and be out of shape to prevent non-square.Also employ the bogie truck stiffening device of other rigidity substantially, " frame supported " of such as laterally unsprung bar or unsprung diagonal ligament.Laterally unsprung support can increase the resistance of side frame around the rotation of truck bolster major axis.This can not need the equilibrium or the rising of obstruction wheel that strengthen wheel weight.
Following formula can be used to estimate bogie truck lateral stiffness:
K bogie truck=2 × [(k side frame) -1+ (k spring is sheared) -1] -1
Wherein
K side frame=[k pendulum+ k spring torque]
K spring is shearedthe crossed strip constant of=spring assembly when shearing.
K pendulum=the application force needed for described pendulum deflection per unit amount of deflection measured by bottom spring seat center.
K spring torque=bottom spring perch opposing twist moment deflects the application force needed for side-play amount of per unit to side, described rotating torque is caused by the unbalanced pressure of inner side and outer side spring.
In pendulum, be probably linear when the pass of weight and side-play amount ties up to low-angle, be similar to F=kx in the spring.Horizontal constant can be defined as k pendulum=W/L, wherein, W is weight, and L is pendulum length.Approximate equivalent pendulum length can be defined as L eq=W/k pendulum.W is the weight that side frame upper spring supports.For L=15 and crowning radius is 60 " bogie truck, L eqit can be about 3 inches.For pivoted bogy, L eq2 times of this numerical value can be greater than.
The formula of longitudinal direction (i.e. low damage) goods of furniture for display rather than for use shown in Fig. 2 a can also be defined as:
F/ δ long=k long=(W/L) [[(1/L)/(1/r 1-1/R 1)]-1]
Wherein:
K longfor the longitudinal constant of proportionality between the longitudinal force of goods of furniture for display rather than for use and vertical misalignment amount.
F is the unit longitudinal force be applied on axle centerline.
δ longfor the unit vertical misalignment amount of axle centerline.
L from wheel center line to protuberance 116 the distance on summit.
R 1for the longitudinal radius of drawing strickle guide seat 38 middle concave.
R 1for the longitudinal radius of the convex surface of the protuberance 116 on bearing seat.
In this relation, R 1be greater than r 1, and (1/L) is greater than [(1/r 1-1/R 1)], and as shown in FIG., L is less than r 1or R 1.In some embodiment said, 5-can typically be from the length L of the bearing seat surface vertices to axle center that are positioned at central rest position 3/ 4to 6 inches (+/-), and can in the scope of 5-7 inch.Bearing seat, drawing strickle guide, side frame and bolster are typically formed from steel.The present inventor thinks that described rolling contact surfaces can be preferably made up of tool steel or similar material.
In a lateral direction, that carries out for low-angle skew is approximately:
K pendulum=(F 2/ δ 2)=(W/L pendulum) [[(1/L pendulum)/((1/R goods of furniture for display rather than for use)-(1/R seat))]+1]
Wherein,
K pendulumthe lateral stiffness of=described pendulum
F 2=be applied to the application force of the per unit transversal displacement of bottom spring seat
δ 2=unit transversal displacement
The weight of carrying is put described in W=
L pendulum=when not departing from from bearing seat mating surfaces to the pendulum length at the bottom of the pendulum of spring perch
R goods of furniture for display rather than for use=r 2the chordwise curvature radius on=goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface
R seat=R 2the chordwise curvature radius of=goods of furniture for display rather than for use seat
Wherein, R seatand R goods of furniture for display rather than for usethere is similar size, and not excessively little relative to L, and described pendulum can tend to have relatively large lateral excursion constant.Work as R seatwith L or R goods of furniture for display rather than for useor both compare greatly, and when can be approximated to be very big (that is, plane), above-mentioned simplified formula is:
K pendulum=(F laterally/ δ laterally)=(W/L pendulum) [(R goods of furniture for display rather than for use/ L pendulum)+1]
Using this number as denominator, and obtain suitable pendulum length using design weight as molecule, L eq=W/k pendulum.
The vertical length of the described side frame pendulum measured by from the Structure deformation interface of upper goods of furniture for display rather than for use seat to bottom spring can 12 and 20 inches, can between 14 and 18 inches.Depend on bogie truck size and goods of furniture for display rather than for use physical dimension, described suitable length L eqcan being greater than 4 inches and be less than in the scope of 15 inches, and more narrowly, in the scope between 5 inches and 13 inches.Although bogie truck 20 or 22 can be 70 tons of special, 70 tons, 100 tons, 110 tons or 125 tons of bogie trucks, the bogie truck size of bogie truck 20 or 22 can be wheel diameter be 33 inches or 36 or 38 inches.In some embodiment said, convex goods of furniture for display rather than for use R goods of furniture for display rather than for useto pendulum length L pendulumratio can be equal to or less than 3, be equal to or less than 2 in some instances.In the good bogie truck of horizontal compliance, this numerical value can be less than 1.Factor [(1/L pendulum)/((1/R goods of furniture for display rather than for use)-(1/R seat))] can 3 be less than, and can 2 be less than in some instances 1/ 2.In the good bogie truck of horizontal compliance, this factor can be less than 2.In described various embodiment, the transverse shear stiffness of the spring assembly be associated can be less than with bogie truck maximum load ability or the lateral stiffness of horizontal goods of furniture for display rather than for use pendulum that more generally calculates with railway carriage GWR limit.In addition, in described various embodiment, described bogie truck can not use horizontal un-sprung strut member, no matter it is the parallel bar of crossbeam, horizontal expansion, or diagonal angle intersects frame support or other unsprung reinforcements.In the described embodiment, described bogie truck can have the corner shock absorber group driven by each spring assembly.
In said bogie truck, for under its fully loaded design condition, the equivalent lateral stiffness of the described side frame measured by described bottom spring seat, the i.e. ratio of application force and transversal displacement, the horizontal shearing rigidity of described spring can be less than, described fully loaded design condition or determine according to the AAR of 70,100,110 or 125 tons of bogie trucks restriction, or when the lower carrying capacity of selected expection, itself and in spring assembly, produce the uprighting spring load of 2 inch vertical spring amount of deflections proportional.In certain embodiments, particularly, high value lade, such as automobile, consumer goods etc. frangible for relative low density, the equivalent lateral stiffness k of side frame side frame6000 pounds/in. can be less than and can between about 3500 and 5500 pounds/in., and can in the scope of 3700 to 4100 pounds/in..Such as, in one embodiment, 2 × 4 spring assembly have the spring that diameter is 8 inches, and total vertically rigidity of each described spring assembly is 9600 pounds/in. and the transverse shear stiffness k of correspondence spring is shearedbe 8200 pounds/in..Described side frame has the lower spring cup that rigidity is installed.It can be used in the bogie truck with 36 inch wheel.In another embodiment, spring diameter is 5 1/ 23 × 5 spring assembly of inch are used in the bogie truck with 36 inch wheel, and described spring assembly has the vertical rigidity being approximately 9600 pounds/in. equally.The uprighting spring rigidity of each spring assembly can be positioned at and be less than 30, in the scope of 000 pound/in., can be less than 20, in the scope of 000 pound/in., and can 4,000 to 12, in the scope of 000 pound/in., and can be about 6000 to 10,000 pound/in..The torsion of described spring can have scope in the rigidity of 750 to 1200 pounds/in. and its vertical shear rigidity in the scope of 3500 to 5500 pounds/in., total side frame rigidity is in the scope of 2000 to 3500 pounds/in..
In the embodiment of bogie truck with fixing bottom spring seat, described bogie truck can have the lateral excursion rigidity part caused by the unbalanced pressure of described spring, its size is 600 to 1200 pounds/in., and described lateral excursion measures the bottom of the spring perch on described side frame.This numerical value can be less than 1000 pounds/in., and can be less than 900 pounds/in..Underloading compartment is relative to fully loaded compartment, and the part of the restoring force caused by the unbalanced pressure of described spring can tend to larger.
Comprise some embodiment that can be called pivoted bogy and can have one or more following feature, namely in teeter direction, r/R.<0.7; 3<r<30, or more close limit ground, 4<r<20; And 5<R<45, or more close limit ground, 8<R<30, and for lateral stiffness, 2,000 pound/in.<k pendulum<10,000 pound/in., or represent by different way, the poundage of the transverse direction pendulum rigidity of the lateral excursion of the bottom spring seat place per inch at side frame place is passed in vertical load, by every pound weight of pendulum carrying, can in the scope of 0.08 and 0.2, or more narrowly, in the scope of 0.1 to 0.16.
friction surface
Dynamic response can be very responsive.The resistance of Reducing distortion is favourable, and contributes to low damage in this respect.The tendency reducing wheel rising generation is favourable.Reducing stick-slip feature in shock absorber can improving SNR in this respect.Use the shock absorber with roughly equal friction force up and down that wheel can be stoped to raise.The minimizing that described wheel raises reversing connection between side frame is responsive, such as, when crossbeam or frame support are disassembled.Although wish that side frame is torsionally separated, but can wish physics locking relation equally instead of the relation that described bogie truck can be made to bend in the mode of non-square, in the relation of the latter, described bogie truck bears trend makes it be back into the bias force of square position, and this can adopt the comparatively strong resistance couple of the double shock absorber compared with single shock absorber to obtain.Although use lateral flexibility goods of furniture for display rather than for use, there is the shock absorber of minimizing stick-slip feature, corner shock absorber arranges and low damage can play a part useful in the mode of self, it seems that they can also be interrelated in mode that is trickle and that do not expect.When having the stick-slip feature tendency of reduction in described shock absorber, low damage can work better.When described shock absorber has the stick-slip feature tendency of reduction, the teeter with swing mode can be worked equally better.When described shock absorber is installed in the mode that corner arranges, the teeter with swing mode can tend to operate better.Reverse consideration, when the rigid locking relation of crossbeam or frame support (makes described bogie truck more flexible by corner shock absorber significantly, instead of more rigid) replace and described shock absorber when being not too easy to that there is stick-slip feature, described bogie truck swings and can worsen significantly.The combined effect of described feature can unusually connect each other together.
In said various bogie truck, there is between described bolster and described side frame friction damping interface.Described side frame post or described shock absorber (or both) bottom or controllable friction stayed surface can be had, described friction bearing surface can comprise sclerosis scuff panel, if described sclerosis scuff panel is with old or damage and can change, or described friction bearing surface can comprise and can consume coat or abrasionproof part or pad.The described bearing surface of described motion vibration damping, friction damping component can be obtained by the Static and dynamic friction coefficient carrying out described surface to process to produce expection, and described process can be use surface coating layer and insert, pad, braking abrasionproof part or brake lining or other process.Abrasionproof part and liner can obtain from power-transfer clutch and brake lining manufacturer, and one of described manufacturer is railroad friction product (Railway FrictionProducts).This kind of abrasionproof part and liner can have Polymers or matrix, and it is mounted with metal mixture or other material particle to produce specific frictional behaviour.
Described friction surface can have static friction coefficient μ when being combined with opposed support surface swith dynamic or dynamic friction coefficient μ k.Described coefficient can change along with environmental aspect.For purposes of illustration, described friction coefficient by for think regard as 70F dry daytime situation friction coefficient.In one embodiment, described friction coefficient time dry can in the scope of 0.15 to 0.45, can in the comparatively close limit of 0.20 to 0.35, and in one embodiment, it can be about 0.30.In one embodiment, described coat or pad the size that can produce on frictional interface when being combined with the opposed support surface of described side frame post relative to each other within 20%, or more narrowly, the Static and dynamic friction coefficient within 10%.In another embodiment, described Static and dynamic friction coefficient is substantially equal.
wedge surface
When using shock absorber wedge, generally low friction or controllable friction pad or coat can be used on the skewed surface of described shock absorber, described skewed surface engages with the scuff panel (if using this scuff panel) of described bolster pocket, in described bolster pocket, the dynamic interaction of micro-slip, local swing can be had.The present inventor thinks and uses controllable friction interface to be useful between the inclined-plane of described wedge and the inclined-plane of described bolster pocket, and in described bolster pocket, the combination of scuff panel and friction member can advantageously tend to produce the friction coefficient with known properties.In certain embodiments, described friction coefficient can be identical or almost identical, and can have the tendency seldom or not presenting stick-slip feature, or the stick-slip can compared with cast iron or steel with reduction is inclined to.In addition, use have the brake lining of known friction characteristic or cast material insert can tend to allow described performance be controlled in narrower, more can to predict and more repeatably in scope, this can produce the running continuity of reasonable level.Described coat or pad or liner can be polymeric member, or are poly-mer that suitable frictional material is housed or complex matrix component.It can obtain from braking or clutch bushing maker etc.A railroad friction product (Railway FrictionProducts) that can be used for the 13601 Laurinburg Maxton Ai being MaxtonNC to the company of this friction material; Another company is the Quadrant EPPUSA Inc. of the 2120 Fairmont Ave. of Reading PA.In one embodiment, described material can be used in the material had on " Barber Twin Guard " (t.m.) shock absorber wedge of polymer-coated layer by standard wagon bogies company (StandardCar Truck Company) identical.In one embodiment, described material can be such coat or pad, described coat or pad the size that can produce on frictional interface when using together with the opposed support surface of described side frame post relative to each other within 20%, or more narrowly, within 10% each other.In another embodiment, described Static and dynamic friction coefficient is substantially equal.Described dynamic friction coefficient can in 0.15 to 0.30 scope, and can be about 0.20 in one embodiment.
The vertical friction face of shock absorber and inclined-plane all can through friction special processings, and this friction special processing realizes by coat, pad or liner.Although the friction coefficient on described inclined-plane can be identical with the friction coefficient of described friction face, they need not be mutually the same.In one embodiment, the Static and dynamic friction coefficient on described friction face can be about 0.3, and can be each other approximately equal, and the Static and dynamic friction coefficient on inclined-plane can be about 0.2, and can be each other approximately equal.In arbitrary situation, no matter be on the vertical bearing surface against described side frame post, or on the inclined-plane in described bolster pocket, the present inventor thinks that the surface pairings avoiding tending to cause scratch and stick-slip feature is favourable.
spring assembly
Main spring group can have multiple layout of spring.The various double damping device embodiments of layout of spring are as follows:
In described spring assembly, D irepresent damper spring, and X irepresent non-damper spring.
When 100 tons or 110 tons of bogie trucks, the present inventor proposes spring within 20% (and preferably within 10%) being positioned at following parameter envelope and damper combination:
A () arranges for four wedges with whole steel or iron damper surface, envelope has according to k shock absorber=2.41 (θ wedge) 1.76the upper limit and according to k shock absorber=1.21 (θ wedge) 1.76lower limit.
B () arranges for four wedges with whole steel or iron damper surface, k shock absorberintermediate range region=1.81 (θ wedge) 1.76(+/-20%).
C () arranges for four wedges with the non-metal damper surface being such as similar to brake lining, envelope has according to k shock absorber=4.84 (θ wedge) 1.64the upper limit and according to k shock absorber=2.42 (θ wedge) 1.64lower limit, wherein, the described angle of wedge can 30 to 60 degree scope in.
D () arranges for four wedges with non-metal damper surface, k shock absorberintermediate range region=3.63 (θ wedge) 1.64(+/-20%).
Wherein k shock absorberfor the lateral springs rigidity under each shock absorber, unit is pounds per inch/shock absorber.
θ wedgefor first angle of wedge be associated, unit is degree.
θ wedgethe scope being positioned at 30 to 60 degree can be tended to.In other examples, θ wedgecan in the scope of 35 to 55, and in other other embodiment, θ wedgecan in the narrower range of 40 to 50 degree.
It is beneficial that can have the extremely not different power of damping of vibrations up and down, and in some cases described in up and down damping of vibrations power trend roughly equal.Depend on that shock absorber is load or unloading, the friction force of described shock absorber can be different.Springing under the described angle of wedge, friction coefficient and described wedge can change.Because acting force of the spring increases, and the power therefore acted on shock absorber increases, so when described bolster moves down in described side frame fenestra, described shock absorber is by " load ".Similarly, because application force in spring reduces, described when the top of side frame fenestra upwards shifted to by described bolster, described shock absorber is by " unloading ".Equation is expressed as follows:
When loaded: F d = &mu; c F s ( Cot ( &phi; ) - &mu; s ) ( 1 + ( &mu; s - &mu; c ) Cot ( &phi; ) + &mu; s &mu; c )
When unloaded: F d = &mu; c F s ( Cot ( &phi; ) + &mu; s ) ( 1 + ( &mu; c - &mu; s ) Cot ( &phi; ) + &mu; s &mu; c )
Wherein, F dfriction force on=side frame post
F sapplication force in=spring
μ sfriction coefficient on=bolster on angled inclined-plane
μ cfriction coefficient on=side frame post
Angled on φ=described bolster and angle between the friction face leaning against on described lateral column
For given angle, friction load factor C fc can be defined as f=F d/ F s.Depend on that described bolster moves up or moves down, this load-factor C fto tend to different.
Advantageously can have different uprighting spring rate of strains under zero load and fully loaded situation.For this purpose, the spring of differing heights can be used, thus be that whole spring assembly produces such as two or more uprighting spring rate of strain.Like this, the dynamic response under underloading compartment situation can use the dynamic response of two kinds of spring rates different under fully loaded compartment situation.Selectively, if use three kinds (or more) spring rate, the middle dynamic response under half loading situation can be there is.In one embodiment, each spring assembly can have first group of spring, and its drift is at least the first height, and second group of spring, each spring of described second group has the drift being less than the second height, the first height small distance δ described in described second aspect ratio 1make described first group of spring by the compression zone that has between first and second height and the second scope, in compression zone between described first and second height, the spring rate of spring assembly has the first numerical value, i.e. each spring rate sum of described first group of spring, in described second scope, the spring rate of spring assembly is higher, and namely the spring rate of described first group of spring assembly adds that at least one its free height is less than the spring rate of the spring of described second height.Different spring rate states can produce corresponding different vibration damping states.
Such as, in one embodiment, compartment has about 35,000 to about 55, the spring fixed pedestal weight of 000 pound (+/-5000 pounds) (namely, the car body weight of the non-cargo of non-spring supported weight under the main spring not comprising such as side frame and wheel set), described compartment can have the spring assembly of height more than the first height of Part I spring.Described first highly can at such as about 9- 3/ 4to 10- 1/ 4in the scope of inch.When described compartment is positioned on its bogie truck with unloading, each spring-compressed is to described first height.When described compartment runs under underloading compartment situation, the Part I of described spring can tend to determine the dynamic response in described compartment in the mode of vertical resilience, inclination-and-vibration, side on oscillation, and can affect bogie truck and swing performance.Spring rate in described first method can in the scope of about 12,000 to 22,000 pounds/in., and can 15,000 to 20, in the scope of 000 pound/in..
When described compartment more heavily load time, such as fix when spring and exceed critical value with the summation of variable supported weight, it can be equivalent to every carriage weight about 60,000 to 100,000 pound (namely when not working, each spring assembly bears 15,000 to 25, the static symmetrical carrying capacity of 000 pound) scope in, each spring can be compressed to or more than second height.Described second highly can at such as about 8- 1/ 2to 9- 3/ 4in the scope of inch.Now, spring supporting weight is enough to make the other a part of spring in total spring assembly start to bend, described other a part of spring can be some or all of residue spring, in this second method, can be tended to different by the spring rate constant of the cluster spring group of each spring compressed at present, and be greater than the spring rate in the first state.Such as, this larger spring rate of strain can in the scope of about 20,000 to 30,000 pounds/in., and may be used for exceeding when state changes critical value in fixing and variable load summation providing dynamic response.The scope of described second state can be from described critical value to a certain larger numerical value, and when 110 tons of bogie trucks, it can tend to the upper limit of approximately every bogie truck 130,000 or 135,000 pound.For 100 tons of bogie trucks, this numerical value can be every bogie truck 115,000 or 120,000 pound.
Table 1 gives the form of the many spring assembly that can be used in 100 or 110 tons of bogie trucks, and described spring assembly has 3 × 3 symmetrical layout of springs and the shock absorber comprised in the group of corner.Final race in table 1 is symmetrical 2:3:2 layout of spring.Term " side spring " refers to spring below each shock absorber supported separately by spring or each spring assembly, and term " main spring " refers to spring or the spring assembly of each main coils spring assembly:
Table 1 – spring assembly combines
In the table, term NSC-1, NSC-2, D8, D8A and D6B refers to the off-standard size of the spring proposed by the present inventor.The feature of these springs is given in together with the feature of other springs of table 1 to be shown in 2a (main spring) and 2b (side spring).
Table 2a main spring parameter
Table 2b – side spring parameter
The parameter of bogie list of the bogie truck that table 3 provides many known bogie trucks and the present inventor to propose.In first example, the bogie truck embodiment being denoted as No.1 can be considered to the shock absorber wedge using corner to arrange, wherein, first angle of wedge is 45 degree (+/-) and described shock absorber wedge has bracing members surface.In the second example, the embodiment being denoted as No.2 can be considered to the shock absorber wedge using corner to arrange, wherein, first angle of wedge is 40 degree (+/-), and described shock absorber wedge has non-metal stayed surface.
Table 3 – parameter of bogie
In table 3, the form of main spring project is number of springs, is thereafter types of springs.Such as, in one embodiment, ASF Super Service Ride Master has the spring of type in the spring of the outer type of 7 D5, the D5 of 7, it is inserted in the inside at the outer type spring of described each D5, and the spring of 2 D6A Nei-Nei types, it is inserted in the inside of type spring in the described D5 of centre row (namely along the row of bolster line of centers).It also has the spring that the side spring of 2 5052 outer types and 2 are inserted in type in 5063 of described 5062 outer type spring inners.The intermediate member of the side row below the shock absorber wedge installed centered by the spring of described side.
K emptyfor the overall spring rate of the spring assembly in underloading (that is, empty) compartment, unit is pound/in.
K loadfor the spring rate of fully loaded situation lower spring group, unit is pound/in.
" compacting " under each spring-compressed to compaction state time limit, unit is pound.
H emptyfor under underloading carriage status time spring heights.
H loadfor under static fully laden time spring heights.
K wfor the overall spring rate of each spring under shock absorber.
K w/ k loadfor when loading condition, the ratio of the spring rate of the spring under shock absorber and total spring rate of spring assembly, its unit is percentage.
The described angle of wedge is first jiao of wedge, and its unit is angle.
F dfor the friction force on side frame post.It is given in table at the numerical value in direction up and down, the sum that is added of numerical value up and down described in last row gives.
In the various embodiments of the bogie truck of such as bogie truck 22, elastic interface between each side frame and truck bolster end associated with it can comprise corner shock absorber layout and 3 × 3 spring assembly, and described spring assembly has one of them spring assembly described in Table 1.Described each marshalling can have wedge, and first jiao of described wedge is positioned at the scope of 30 to 60 degree, or more narrowly, in the scope of 35 to 55 degree, still more narrowly, in the scope of 40 to 50 degree, or can select from the angle group of 32,36,40 or 45 degree.Described each wedge can have steel surface, and the friction maybe can with such as nonmetallic surface improves surface.
The combination of each wedge and side spring can make the spring rate under the spring of described side be 20% of total spring rate of spring assembly or more.It can in the scope of 20 to 30% of described total spring rate.In certain embodiments, when bolster moves down, for fully loaded compartment, the combination of each wedge and side spring can make the total frictional force of the shock absorber in spring assembly be less than 3000 pounds.In other embodiments, the arithmetic sum that is downward and upwards friction force of the shock absorber in spring assembly is less than 5500 pounds.
In some embodiment using steel face shock absorber, the summation of friction force size can in the scope of 4000 to 5000 pounds up and down.In certain embodiments, the size of the friction force when bolster moves up can in the scope of 2/3 to 3/2 of the friction force size when described bolster moves down.In certain embodiments, the ratio of Fd (on)/Fd (under) can in the scope of 3/4 to 5/4.In certain embodiments, the ratio of Fd (on)/Fd (under) can in the scope of 4/5 to 6/5, and in some embodiment, described Fd (on) and Fd (under) size can be substantially equal.
In some embodiment using non-metallic friction surface, the summation of friction force size can in the scope of 4000 to 5500 pounds up and down.In certain embodiments, the ratio of the size Fd of friction force when bolster moves up (on) friction force size Fd when moving down with described bolster (under) can in the scope of 3/4 to 5/4, can in the scope of 0.85 to 1.15.In addition, described each wedge can adopt second jiao and described second jiao can about 5 to 15 degree scope in.
no.1 and 2
The present inventor thinks that the parameters combination of No.1 and the No.2 row listed in table 3 is favourable.No.1 row can use shock absorber wedge and the side frame post on steel to steel surface.No.2 can use the non-metallic friction surface that synthesis Static and dynamic friction coefficient is substantially equal, and described friction surface can tend to not manifest stick-slip feature.The friction coefficient of the friction face on described side frame post can be about 0.3.The skewed surface of described wedge can also work and can also tend to not manifest stick-slip feature on non-metal stayed surface.Static and dynamic friction coefficient on described inclined-plane equally can be substantially equal, and can be about 0.2.Described wedge can have second jiao and described second jiao can for about 10 degree.
No.3
In certain embodiments, 2:3:2 spring assembly can be had to arrange.In this arrangement, described damper spring can be arranged in corner and arrange, wherein, each pair of damper spring is not separated by middle main spring coil, and it is installed side by side, no matter described shock absorber abuts against together or separated by separator or interference block part.Three main spring coils along the arrangement of bolster longitudinal centerline can be had.Described spring can criteria of right and wrong spring and can be included in above-mentioned table 1,2 and 3 outer, the interior and interior-inner spring that are denoted as D51-O, D61-I and D61-A respectively.No.3 arranges can comprise the wedge with steel-steel frictional interface, on described frictional interface, dynamic friction coefficient on vertical plane can in the scope of 0.30 to 0.40, and can be about 0.38, and the dynamic friction coefficient on inclined-plane can in the scope of 0.12 to 0.20, and can be about 0.15.Its angle of wedge can in the scope of 45 to 60 degree, and can be about 50 to 55 degree.If the wedge that selected 50 (+/-) are spent, up and down friction force can approximately equal (namely, aviation value 10% within), and can have about 4600 to the summation within the scope of about 4800lbs, its summation can be about 4700 pounds (+/-50).If selected 55 degree (+/-) wedges, friction force also substantially equal (i.e. aviation value 10% within), and can have the summation within the scope of 3700 to 4100 pounds up and down, its with can be about 3850 to 3900 pounds.
Selectively, in other the embodiment adopting 2:3:2 layout of spring, non-metal wedge can be used.Described wedge can have the dynamic friction coefficient of the vertical plane opposite side trestle in 0.25 to 0.35 scope, and it can be about 0.30.The dynamic friction coefficient on described inclined-plane can in the scope of 0.08 to 0.15, and can be about 0.10.The angle of wedge between about 35 and about 50 degree can be used in.The described angle of wedge can between about 40 to about 45 degree.Be in an embodiment of about 40 degree at the described angle of wedge, kinetic force of friction can have the size within 20% of the aviation value of described friction force up and down up and down, and its summation can be positioned at the scope of about 5400 to about 5800 pounds, and it can be about 5600 pounds (+/-100).Be in another embodiment of about 45 degree at the described angle of wedge, the respective size of kinetic force of friction can within 20% of their aviation value up and down, and its summation can be positioned at the scope of about 440 to 4800 pounds, and can be about 4600 pounds (+/-100).
combination and permutation
This explanation describes many examples of shock absorber and bearing seat layout.All features do not need simultaneously and deposit, and can have the combination that plurality of optional is selected.Therefore, the feature of the embodiment of several different accompanying drawing can be combined and match when not departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.For the object avoiding unnecessary explanation, be understandable that, various shock absorber profile can with 2 × 4,3 × 3,3:2:3,2:3:2, to use together with 3 × 5 spring assembly or other spring assembly of arranging.Similarly, bearing seat has been described to several modification of drawing strickle guide seat interface arrangement and has been illustrated.There are the many possible combination and permutation that shock absorber is arranged and bearing seat is arranged.In this connection, being understandable that, can combining various feature when not needing to increase accompanying drawing and explanation further.
Various embodiment described herein can adopt the low damage device be combined with shock absorber, and described shock absorber can tend to manifest seldom or do not manifest stick-slip feature.Various embodiment can adopt " Penny " pad or other neoprene cushion devices for providing low damage.Selectively, various embodiment can use Bidirectional swinging device, and it can comprise the surface-supported goods of furniture for display rather than for use having and be formed on compound curved surface, and several examples of described compound curved surface have explained at this and described.In addition, various embodiment described herein can adopt with low damage device and the corner shock absorber wedge device be combined with the bidirectional swinging low damage device of such as compound curved surface goods of furniture for display rather than for use especially, and described corner shock absorber wedge device can comprise the stayed surface with non-stick slipping property.
In the various embodiments of said bogie truck, show the described flat piece of bolster inner side and outer side being arranged on the scuff panel of described side frame post.In embodiment shown here, desirably, the gap between described flat piece and described side plate is enough to truck bolster is had at least relative to the infeed stroke of wheel to the either side at center 3/ 4" motion surplus, advantageously, allow the stroke to the either side at center to be greater than 1 inch, and stroke to the either side at center can be allowed about 1 or 1- 1/ 8" to about 1- 5/ 8or 1- 9/ 16" in the scope of inch.
What the present inventor advocated at present is has the embodiment of two-way curvature of space goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface and the combination of corner damper means, in the damper means of described corner, shock absorber has and can tend to manifest very little or not manifest the friction facings of stick-slip feature, and can have the inclined-plane having relatively low friction support face.But the feature of example shown here has many possible combination and permutation.Usually think, automatic-discharging geometric configuration can be preferable over and be formed with cavity and the geometric configuration needing discharge orifice.
In each bogie truck with illustrating shown here, overall ride quality can depend on the interrelation of spring assembly layout and physical property, or shock absorber is arranged and the interrelation of performance, or more both, and combined axis bearing is to the behavioral characteristics of drawing strickle guide seat interface module.Advantageously, the lateral stiffness of the side frame acted on as pendulum can be made to be less than the transverse shear stiffness of spring assembly.In the railway carriage with 110 tons of bogie trucks, an embodiment can be combined with the embodiment of shown here and illustrated two-way bearing seat to drawing strickle guide seat interface module, use uprighting spring group rigidity 16,000 pounds per inch to 36, the bogie truck within the scope of 000 pounds per inch.In another is implemented, the vertical rigidity of each spring assembly can be less than 12,000 pounds per inch, and horizontal shearing rigidity is less than 6000 pounds per inch.
Double damping apparatus as implied above can also change into the damper means comprising any Four types illustrating 715 pages in " 1997 compartments and locomotive cyc ", this information is incorporated herein herein by reference, and the change of structure has been carried out to double damping device, each shock absorber is supported on single spring.That is, although be illustrated to the bolster pocket of skewed surface with the wedge be arranged on main spring and describe, friction shoe part self can on even keel, spring offsettingly be arranged in the running-on in bolster, and it is arranged on independent springing, instead of on main spring.Selectively, drag wedge can be arranged in side frame along orientation upwards or downward orientation.
The embodiment of said and illustrated bogie truck can change to be suitable for dissimilar use.Bogie truck performance can change significantly based on predetermined carrying capacity, wheelspan, spring stiffness, layout of spring, goods of furniture for display rather than for use geometric configuration, shock absorber layout and shock absorber geometric configuration.
Various embodiment of the present invention is explained.Owing to can change above-mentioned preferred plan when not departing from character of the present invention, essence or scope and supplement, so the invention is not restricted to described detailed description, and be only limited to appended claim.

Claims (27)

1. a piece rail road freight car bogie truck, has:
Passive low damage device, described low damage device has linear force-deflection characteristic, and described force-deflection characteristic as the vertical load of described bogie truck function and change;
Wheel set is to sideframe interface assemblies, and it has bearing seat and drawing strickle guide seat;
Described bearing seat is placed in the housing of the bearing on the axle of described wheel set, and described axle has line of centers;
Described drawing strickle guide seat is the drawing strickle guide seat of the side frame of rail road freight car truck;
Described bearing seat has first surface, and described first surface is the first rolling contact surfaces;
Described drawing strickle guide seat has second surface, and described second surface is the second rolling contact surfaces;
Described first and second rolling contact surfaces coordinate with Structure deformation; And
Described first rolling contact surfaces had been used for not only laterally but also end wise swings relative to described second rolling contact surfaces Structure deformation.
2. piece rail road freight car bogie truck as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described force-deflection characteristic changes linearly along with the vertical load of described bogie truck.
3. piece rail road freight car bogie truck as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
Described first rolling contact surfaces has the summit of the line of centers relative to described axle, there is distance between the line of centers of described axle and described summit; And
Described assembly has the longitudinal constant of proportionality be between longitudinal force and longitudinal deflection force according to following formula:
F/ δ long=k long=(W/L) [[(1/L)/(1/r 1-1/R 1)]-1]
Wherein:
W is weight
K longfor the longitudinal constant of proportionality between the longitudinal force of goods of furniture for display rather than for use and vertical misalignment amount;
F is the unit longitudinal force be applied on axle centerline;
δ longfor the unit vertical misalignment amount of axle centerline;
L is the distance from wheel center line to summit;
R 1for the longitudinal radius of described second rolling contact surfaces;
R 1for the longitudinal radius of described first rolling contact surfaces;
R 1be greater than r 1; 1/L is greater than [(1/r 1-1/R 1)], and
L is less than r 1or R 1.
4. piece rail road freight car bogie truck as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
One of them restriction teeter surface of described first and second rolling contact surfaces, wherein another limits teeter seat;
Described drawing strickle guide seat has second surface, and described second surface is the second rolling contact surfaces; And
Described assembly has the grid scale constant be between transverse force and transversal displacement according to following formula:
K pendulum=(F 2/ δ 2)=(W/L pendulum) [[(1/L pendulum)/((1/R goods of furniture for display rather than for use)-(1/R seat))]+1]
Wherein,
K pendulumthe lateral stiffness of=described pendulum
F 2=be applied to the application force of the per unit transversal displacement of bottom spring seat
δ 2=unit transversal displacement
The weight of carrying is put described in W=
L pendulum=when not departing from from bearing seat mating surfaces to the pendulum length at the bottom of the pendulum of spring perch
R goods of furniture for display rather than for usethe chordwise curvature radius on=goods of furniture for display rather than for use surface
R seatthe chordwise curvature radius of=goods of furniture for display rather than for use seat.
5. piece rail road freight car bogie truck as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described first and second rolling contact surfaces swing surperficial group choose from comprising following Structure deformation, wherein:
(a) described first surface be spherical at least partially;
(b) described second surface be spherical at least partially;
(c) described second surface be flat at least partially;
D () described first and second surfaces adopt the surface with composite curvature; And
E () described first and second surfaces adopt the saddle surfaces coordinated swingably;
F () described first surface has longitudinal radius and chordwise curvature radius, described radius is different from each other; And
G () described second surface has longitudinal radius and chordwise curvature radius, described radius is different from each other.
6. the piece rail road freight car bogie truck as described in any one of claim 3-5, wherein, auxiliary aligning parts is arranged in described drawing strickle guide seat, and described auxiliary aligning parts is used for impelling described rolling contact surfaces relative to each other to arrive Shaft alignment state.
7. the piece rail road freight car bogie truck as described in any one of claim 3-5, wherein, described bogie truck has elastomeric element, described elastomeric element has the Part I that the end wall for the first end adjacent to described bearing seat is settled, and hides the Part II of described bearing seat at least partly; The Part II of described elastomeric element has the groove that is formed in wherein thus adapts to described bearing seat and engages with the swing of described drawing strickle guide seat.
8. the piece rail road freight car bogie truck as described in any one of claim 3-5, wherein, described bearing seat has the downside in the cylindrical housings for being placed in bearing; Described bearing seat has first end and the second end, described first end and the second end each has and connects by a pair turning the end wall that boundary supports, described end wall and turning meet boundary and cooperatively interact thus limit a passage, allow described bearing seat to insert between a pair side frame guide thrust ear.
9. the piece rail road freight car bogie truck as described in any one of claim 3-5, wherein, described bearing seat has the main body be placed on bearing, there is the second component being mounted to described main body, described second component comprises the first rolling contact surfaces, and the material of described second component is different from the material of the main body of described bearing seat.
10. the piece rail road freight car bogie truck as described in any one of claim 3-5, wherein, described assembly comprises bearing seat, described bearing seat has the main body on the housing of the cylindrical bearing being formed as being placed in the cylindrical bearing type with the first and second axially spaced bearing races, wherein said bearing seat has downside, described downside is when mounted in the face of the housing of bearing, and the top center of downside in the position relative to bearing race of described bearing seat caves in.
11. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as described in any one of claim 1-5, comprising:
The horizontal expansion truck bolster extended between a pair first and second side frames;
Described bolster has the first and second ends;
First and second ends of described truck bolster are flexibly mounted to described first and second side frames respectively; And
Described side frame limits described side frame guide.
12. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described bogie truck does not have not by the horizontal cross member of resilient mounting between first and second side frame.
13. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described bogie truck has friction shock absorber, is mounted to work between described bolster and each described side frame; In operation, described friction shock absorber there will not be stick-slip.
14. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described bogie truck has first and second groups of shock absorbers, is mounted to work in respectively between described bolster and described first and second side frames; Described first group comprises the first bumper and the second bumper, and described second bumper is mounted to more outwards more horizontal than described first bumper.
15. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
Described bogie truck has first and second groups of shock absorbers, is mounted to work in respectively between described bolster and described first and second side frames; And
Described first group of bumper comprised in the structure of the corner being arranged on bumper.
16. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described bumper comprises the bumper with static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient, and described coefficient is identical.
17. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 15, wherein, each described bumper has friction face, and the friction face of described first and second bumpers has static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient, and following one of any:
(a) described static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient be in each other 20% within;
B () at least one bumper has static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient, these coefficients are all in the scope of 0.1 to 0.4;
C () described static friction coefficient is substantially the same with dynamic friction coefficient;
D interaction that the friction face of () described first and second friction shock absorbers and corresponding scuff panel produce is the friction of essentially no stick-slip;
The sliding friction surface of (e) described bumper one of them be nonmetallic.
18. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
The first end of described bolster is mounted to the first side frame in the first main spring group;
Second end of described bolster is mounted to the second side frame in the second main spring group;
First group of four bumper is mounted to work between the first end of described bolster and the first side frame, and described bumper is first, second, third and fourth bumper;
Second group of four bumper is mounted to work between the second end of described bolster and the second side frame;
Described first main spring group comprises first, second, third and fourth bight spring; And
Described first, second, third and fourth bumper is arranged on the first, second, third and fourth bight spring of described first main spring group respectively.
19. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 18, wherein, described first main spring group has overall uprighting spring rate k spring assembly, the spring be arranged on below described first, second, third and fourth bumper has total uprighting spring rate k damper spring group, k damper spring groupbe greater than k spring assembly20%, wherein, described first, second, third and fourth bumper comprises bumper wedge, and described bumper wedge has the main bumper angle being greater than 35 degree.
20. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as described in any one of claim 1-5, wherein, described bogie truck has rated load; Described bogie truck has the bolster be laterally arranged between first and second side frame; Described side frame has the resistance for horizontal disturbance, has the first characteristic k side frame, be associated with the lateral oscillation of side frame, and the second characteristic k elastic shear, be associated with the lateral shear of main spring group, described rated load k side framebe softer than k elastic shear.
21. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 20, wherein, described bolster have relative to described side frame transverse translation scope and limit flat piece of described scope, described scope be to the either side of midway location be 3/4 inches.
22. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
Described first and second side frames have the corresponding side frame fenestra longitudinally defined by corresponding first and second side frame posts;
Described side frame post has corresponding side frame post scuff panel, and described friction shock absorber works against described scuff panel;
First side frame post of described first side frame has the first side frame post scuff panel region and the second side frame post scuff panel region, and described first friction shock absorber is against described scuff panel regional work, and described second friction shock absorber is against described scuff panel regional work;
Described first and second scuff panel regions have corresponding first and second normal vectors, and described first and second normal vectors are parallel to each other and be parallel to the longitudinal axis of corresponding side frame.
23. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described bogie truck has and is mounted to work in the bumper between described bolster and described side frame; When described bolster is along during relative in downward direction the moving of described side frame, described bumper applies the first friction force F d, when described bolster is along when moving relative to the upward direction of described side frame, described bumper applies the second friction force F u, calculate according to amplitude, F d: F ube in the scope of 2:3 to 3:2.
24. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the each of first and second ends of described bolster is arranged in spring assembly, the each of described spring assembly comprises the first bight spring, second bight spring, third corner spring and the 4th bight spring, described first bight spring lateral excursion is towards described second bight spring inner, described third corner spring lateral excursion is towards described 4th bight spring inner, described first and second bight springs respectively end wise skew leave described third and fourth bight spring, described first friction shock absorber and the second friction shock absorber are arranged on above the first spring assembly.
25. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 24, wherein, each of described bight spring has embedding another spring wherein.
26. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 24, wherein, each described spring assembly has total vertically spring rate k v, the described bumper of described corresponding first group of friction shock absorber is by having proof resilience rate k dspring driving, wherein ratio k d/ k vbe greater than 20%.
27. piece rail road freight car bogie trucks as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
Described bolster has the holding portion be formed in wherein, each corresponding of being arranged in housing section of described friction shock absorber;
The each of described side frame comprises upper-part, lower component and a pair side frame post, and side frame window definition betwixt;
Described side frame post has the scuff panel being mounted to it; And
Described scuff panel is mounted to perpendicular to described bolster and crosses over described first and second bumpers.
CN201210176634.3A 2003-07-08 2004-07-08 Rail road car truck with self-steering equipment Active CN102774394B (en)

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AU2010221781A1 (en) 2010-10-07
US20070051270A1 (en) 2007-03-08
EP1944214A2 (en) 2008-07-16
GB2421936A (en) 2006-07-12
AU2010221780B2 (en) 2012-11-08
AU2004255283B2 (en) 2010-06-17
CN102774394A (en) 2012-11-14
KR20110110306A (en) 2011-10-06
US7845288B2 (en) 2010-12-07
PL1651498T3 (en) 2019-04-30
CA2933228A1 (en) 2005-01-08
EP2272732A2 (en) 2011-01-12
AU2010221782B2 (en) 2013-01-10
AU2010221780A1 (en) 2010-10-07
ZA200809211B (en) 2012-06-27
EP2272732B1 (en) 2017-09-06
PL2272732T3 (en) 2018-01-31
CN102700560A (en) 2012-10-03

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