CN102575329B - 处理甲磺酸水溶液的方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在包含奥氏体钢(其中铬含量为15‑22重量％且镍含量为9‑15重量％)的装置中处理甲磺酸水溶液的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种在包含奥氏体钢(铬含量为15-22重量％且镍含量为9-15重量％)的装置中处理甲磺酸水溶液的方法。
甲磺酸(H3CSO3H，MSA)为可用于多种不同工艺，例如用于电镀工艺、化学合成、清洁剂或用于三次矿物油开采中的强有机酸。
MSA可通过多种方法制备，例如如美国专利3,626,004所公开的那样通过用Cl2氧化甲硫醇，随后水解而制备。或者，也可用Cl2氧化二甲基二硫醚。所述方法导致MSA尽管纯化，仍包含显著量的氯化合物，例如氯化物。
WO00/31027公开了一种用硝酸将二甲基二硫醚氧化成MSA的方法，其中使所形成的氮的氧化物与O2反应以再次获得硝酸并将其再循环至该方法中。CN1810780A公开了一种使亚硫酸铵和/或亚硫酸氢铵与硫酸二甲酯反应以获得甲磺酸铵与硫酸铵的方法。所述硫酸铵可用Ca2+沉淀成CaSO4。MSA可使用硫酸从残留的Ca(CH3SO3)2中释放并可后处理，再次沉淀出CaSO4。EP906904A2公开了一种使亚硫酸钠与硫酸二甲酯反应的方法。在用浓硫酸酸化后，MSA可从所得混合物中释放出来。所述后三种方法具有所得MSA基本不含氯化合物的优点。
MSA作为酸当然可侵蚀金属。低合金钢通常对MSA不稳定。WO2006/092439A1研究用于压力容器的低合金钢(材料编号1.0425，约0.3％的Cr，约0.3％的Ni，0.8-1.4％的Mn)在70％浓度的MSA中的腐蚀行为。该钢被MSA侵蚀的程度远远低于被氢氯酸侵蚀的程度，但必须添加腐蚀抑制剂以将金属的去除降至可接受的水平。
在相关说明书中，提出使用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚苯乙烯、玻璃搪瓷、陶瓷、钽或锆作为用于处理甲磺酸的材料。此外，还提出使用材料编号1.4539和1.4591的钢(LutropurMSA说明，“Die‘grüne’für Reiniger”，10/2005版，BASF SE，Ludwigshafen)。这些钢为高合金铬镍钢(1.4539：约20％的Cr，约25％的Ni；1.4591：约33％的Cr，约31％的Ni)。
作为用于处理(例如用于储存和/或运输)MSA的装置的材料，非常希望使用具有足够耐MSA性的钢，因为仅以此方法才可避免提供具有包含耐腐蚀材料的内衬的容器、装置和管道。上述钢为难以获得的极其昂贵的特种钢。因此，包含这些钢的工件也很昂贵且因此在较大组件(例如液槽)中使用这类钢是不经济的。
因此，本发明的目的是提供用于制造这类组件的更廉价且更低合金但对MSA水溶液具有良好的耐腐蚀性的钢。
因此，发现了一种在其中MSA水溶液与钢表面接触的装置中处理MSA浓度为50-99重量％且总氯含量少于50mg/kg的甲磺酸(MSA)水溶液的方法，其中所述钢包括铬含量为15-22重量％且镍含量为9-15重量％的奥氏体钢。
就本发明而言，可具体说明如下：
本发明方法涉及在其中MSA水溶液与钢表面接触的装置中处理甲磺酸(H3CSO3H，MSA)水溶液。
在本文中，所述MSA水溶液的浓度基于该水溶液所有成分的总和为50-99重量％MSA。优选浓度为55-90重量％，尤其优选为60-80重量％，非常特别优选为约70重量％。
此外，所述MSA水溶液除水和MSA以外，还可包含常规第二成分和/或杂质。
根据本发明，所述MSA水溶液中的总氯含量低于50mg/kg，优选低于25mg/kg，非常特别优选低于10mg/kg。该氯可例如为呈氯离子或结合于有机化合物中的氯形式的氯。
具有该低总氯含量的MSA溶液可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法制备，例如使用WO00/31027所公开的方法借助硝酸使二甲基二硫醚氧化或通过与硫酸二甲酯反应由亚硫酸铵和/或亚硫酸氢铵制备。
此外，所述MSA水溶液可包含作为杂质的硫酸根离子。然而，硫酸根离子的量通常应低于300mg/kg，优选低于200mg/kg，尤其优选低于100mg/kg，尤其是低于30mg/kg。
术语“处理”意欲包括在装置中处理MSA水溶液的所有方法，尤其是在从生产至使用的整个产品流通期间。尤其可包括MSA溶液的储存、运输或使用。优选包括MSA水溶液的储存和/或运输。
所述装置可为用于处理MSA水溶液过程中的所有类型的装置，条件是其具有可与MSA水溶液接触的钢表面。在本文中，所述装置可全部由所述钢构成，但当然也可包含其他材料。例如，所述装置可为包含具有本发明钢内衬的其他材料或其他钢的装置。
所述装置可为密闭或开放装置，例如选自液槽、储存容器、铁路液槽车的液槽、液槽卡车的液槽、槽柜、反应槽、计量装置、管道、法兰、泵或检测仪器组件、水槽、圆筒、电镀装置、液槽内件如挡板、搅拌器或计量管的装置。
根据本发明，与MSA水溶液接触的钢表面为铬含量为15-22重量％且镍含量为9-15重量％的奥氏体钢表面。
“奥氏体钢”是本领域技术人员所已知的，例如由“Online，版本3.5，Georg Thieme Verlag 2009”已知。
优选Cr含量为16-20重量％，优选Ni含量为10-14重量％。
此外，所述钢通常还含有锰，其含量尤其为1-3重量％。
此外，本发明所用的钢可含有1-5重量％钼，优选1.5-4重量％，尤其优选2-3重量％。
此外，所述钢可包含0.1-2重量％钛，优选0.5-1重量％。
尤其可存在包含下述元素的钢(数据在每种情况下以重量％计)：
| Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | Ti | ||
| 钢1 | 约2 | 18-20 | 约10.5 | - | - | |
| 优选 | 钢2 | 约2 | 16-18 | 10.0-14.0 | 2-3 | - |
| 尤其优选 | 钢3 | ≤2 | 16.5-18.5 | 10.5-13.5 | 2.0-2.5 | ≤0.70 |
在处理期间与所述钢表面接触的MSA温度通常低于40℃，但并非意欲将本发明限制于该温度。优选温度为10-40℃，优选15-30℃，例如约为环境温度。
本发明实施例旨在进一步阐述本发明：
所用材料：
在每种情况下将70重量％的MSA水溶液用于以下实验中。在每种情况下所用的MSA的制备方法列于表1中且分析数据列于表2中。
表1所用MSA的制备
表2分析数据
将表3所述品级的钢用于所述实验中。1、2和3号钢为奥氏体钢，C4号为马氏体钢(对照实验)。
表3所用的钢品级
实验的实施：
在具有平坦底部的1升玻璃烧瓶中进行测试，同时进行搅拌以模拟MSA的流动。固定上述钢品级的测试片(20mm×50mm×1mm)并提供5mm的孔，在超声波浴中清洗，使用氮气流干燥并称重。使用Teflon夹具使钢片悬浮于烧瓶中并密封该烧瓶。借助磁性搅拌器在750rpm下搅拌所述烧瓶中的MSA。实验结束后，将钢片从试样容器中取出，用软化水清洗，用吸水纸仔细擦拭(以除去腐蚀粗产物)，再次用软化水清洗，干燥并称重。在每种情况下，实验持续时间为7天且温度为23℃。在4号钢的情况下，实验持续时间为1天。
在每种情况中，根据以下公式由质量差计算腐蚀速率(以mm移除量/年计)：
腐蚀速率[mm/a]＝87600*Δm/A*ρ*t
其中Δm为钢片的质量变化[g]，A为钢片的面积[cm2]，ρ为钢的密度[g/cm3]且t为实验持续时间[h]。因数87 600为将cm/h转化成mm/a的系数。
结果列于图1和2中。
图1显示1号(图1a)、2号(图1b)和3号(图1c)钢的腐蚀速率(CR)，以mm/年计。实验显示在仅用具有低总氯含量的甲磺酸的所有实验中均获得了低腐蚀速率。对1号和3号钢(而非2号钢)而言，MSA 3给出了合理结果。对MSA 1与1号钢而言，腐蚀速率为约0.01mm/a，且在使用2号和3号钢时大大低于0.01mm/a。
图2显示非本发明的C4号马氏体钢的腐蚀速率(CR)，以mm/年计。该对照实施例显示在所有甲磺酸情况下，腐蚀速率均大于0.1mm/a，有趣的是在4号钢的情况下，具有较高氯含量的MSA 3、MSA 4和MSA 5比低氯的MSA 1和MSA 2表现得稍好。腐蚀速率为大于0.1。
Claims (9)
1.一种在MSA水溶液与钢表面接触的装置中处理甲磺酸(MSA)水溶液的方法，其中所述水溶液的MSA浓度为50-99重量％且总氯含量小于50mg/kg，其中所述钢包括铬含量为15-22重量％且镍含量为9-15重量％的奥氏体钢，其中所述钢进一步含有1-5重量％的钼和0.1-2重量％的钛。
2.如权利要求1的方法，其中在处理过程中该MSA的温度低于40℃。
3.如权利要求1的方法，其中所述水溶液中的MSA浓度为60-80重量％。
4.如权利要求2的方法，其中所述水溶液中的MSA浓度为60-80重量％。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项的方法，其中所述装置为选自储存容器、反应槽、计量装置、管道或泵的装置。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项的方法，其中所述装置为选自液槽的装置。
7.如权利要求6的方法，其中所述装置为选自铁路液槽车的液槽、液槽卡车的液槽的装置。
8.如权利要求1-4中任一项的方法，其中所述装置为选自槽柜的装置。
9.如权利要求1-4中任一项的方法，其中所述装置为选自检测仪器组件的装置。
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