CN102510880B - 乳剂和使用该乳剂的脱模剂 - Google Patents
乳剂和使用该乳剂的脱模剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102510880B CN102510880B CN201080042036.6A CN201080042036A CN102510880B CN 102510880 B CN102510880 B CN 102510880B CN 201080042036 A CN201080042036 A CN 201080042036A CN 102510880 B CN102510880 B CN 102510880B
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- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
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- -1 perfluorocarbon compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
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- DEXIXSRZQUFPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DEXIXSRZQUFPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
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- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MEBONNVPKOBPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1(C)C MEBONNVPKOBPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/62—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents based on polymers or oligomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/002—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from unsaturated compounds
- C08G65/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from unsaturated compounds containing halogens
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Abstract
本发明提供乳剂,该乳剂是相对于100重量份下述通式[I]或通式[II]所表示的聚全氟醚油或全氟化碳化合物使用0.01~30重量份作为乳化剂的下述通式[III]所表示的全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐而形成的。尽管该乳剂使用被认为生物蓄积性低的具有C6以下的全氟烷基的化合物作为乳化剂,但却显示出良好的乳化稳定性,因此被有效用作脱模剂等表面处理剂。RfO(C3F6O)p(C2F4O)q(CF2O)rRf’[I],这里,Rf、Rf’:C1~C5的全氟烷基,p+q+r:2~200;F(CF2CF2CF2O)nCF2CF3 [II],这里,n:2~100;CnF2n+1CH2CH2P(O)(OM1)(OM2) [III],这里,M1:氢原子、铵盐、有机胺盐,M2:铵盐、有机胺盐,n:1~6。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乳剂和使用该乳剂的脱模剂。更详细而言,涉及聚全氟醚油或全氟化碳化合物的乳剂和使用该乳剂的脱模剂。
背景技术
目前,使用模型将塑料材料或橡胶材料等高分子材料成形时,使用硅油、蜡、滑石粉、云母、四氟乙烯树脂等脱模剂。但是,虽然硅油、蜡等显示出良好的脱模性,但由于脱模剂向成形品中转移,所以会损及均匀涂覆性、二次加工性等,另外在持续性方面也不足。此外,四氟乙烯树脂虽然在脱模效果的持续性或二次加工性方面满足要求,但脱模处理时必须对模型的模面进行膜状的烧结处理,再处理时也必需进行同样的处理,所以出现操作步骤变多的问题。
为了消除所述的缺点,以含有碳原子数为4~20的全氟烷基的磷酸酯作为有效成分之一的脱模剂被提案(参照专利文献1~3)。这些脱模剂显示出良好的脱模性,而且与现有的脱模剂相比脱模寿命长,但随着近来成形品形状的复杂化,作为脱模剂,要求其性能进一步提高。
聚氟烷基乙基膦酸酯也被广泛用作脱模剂的合成原料。作为脱模剂时的脱模性能在全氟烷基的碳原子数为8~12的化合物中最容易体现,特别是下式的具有全氟辛基的膦酸酯化合物被优选用于这种用途(参照专利文献4~7)。
CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2P(O)(OC2H5)2
然而,有报道称:具有碳原子数为8~12的全氟烷基的调聚化合物在环境中发生生物分解,变成生物蓄积性、环境浓缩性较高的化合 物,人们担心其在处理过程中暴露出来或通过废弃物、处理基材等向环境中释放、扩散等。另外,关于全氟烷基的碳原子数为14以上的化合物,由于其理化性状,处理起来非常困难,实际中几乎不用。
并且,具有碳原子数为8以上的全氟烷基的调聚化合物,在其制造工艺中不可避免产生或混入生物蓄积性高的全氟辛酸类。因此,制备这样的调聚化合物的各公司从其制造中撤退或用具有碳原子数为6以下的全氟烷基的化合物来代替等。
另一方面,全氟烷基的碳原子数为6以下的化合物,其在处理基材表面的取向性明显下降,而且与碳原子数为8的化合物相比熔点、玻璃化转变温度Tg等也明显低,所以深受温度、湿度、应力、有机溶剂的接触等使用环境条件的影响。因此,无法得到所要求的充分的性能,耐久性等也受到影响。
还有人提案了:将全氟烷基烷基膦酸的铵盐或胺盐和聚醚改性有机聚硅氧烷溶解或分散在水中得到的水性脱模剂组合物(参照专利文献8),这种情况下也可使用全氟辛基乙基膦酸盐,得到透明的脱模剂溶液。
另外,被广泛用作防水防油剂、润滑剂等的聚全氟醚油,虽然其防水防油性、润滑性等优异,但缺少与其他化合物的相容性,所以用途受到限定。
对于聚全氟醚油,通过向其中加入加脂剂,还可谋求用作皮革处理剂(参照专利文献9)。作为加脂剂,在其通常的记载中,使用具有氟烷基、氟烯基或氟醚基的膦酸衍生物或其铵盐、碱金属盐或碱土金属盐等,但相对于氟系油,加脂剂的使用比例为10~0.5的重量比、优选5~1的重量比。
如上所述:以上述重量比使用的氟油和加脂剂,通常被用作以乳剂形态含有的皮革处理剂,该皮革处理剂在加脂步骤中被用于鞣革处理,至于富含加脂剂的处理剂,乳剂的平均粒径与所用乳化剂量成比例地减小,而且还确保经时稳定性,但由于过剩混合的亲水性加脂剂, 被处理物发生亲水性化,防水性下降,或者将其用作脱模剂时无法避免脱模性能的下降(参照后述比较例3)。
本申请人之前提案了:通过使全氟烷基乙基膦酸二酯发生热分解或水解,来制备全氟烷基乙基膦酸的方法(参照专利文献10)。这里得到的全氟烷基乙基膦酸不溶于水等水性介质,所以无法以乳化剂水溶液等的形式使用。
另一方面,对于聚全氟醚油,通过将其制成乳剂,可以用作表面处理剂,可以在脱模剂中应用。
然而,在专利文献9所述的乳剂中,由于是相对于氟系油混合大大过剩量的加脂剂(全氟烷基烷基膦酸的铵盐或金属盐)后使用,所以即使作为皮革处理方法是适合的,但在将聚全氟醚油乳剂用作脱模剂时,这些化合物自身的脱模性能没有得到充分发挥。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特公昭53-23270号公报
专利文献2:日本特公昭53-23271号公报
专利文献3:日本特公昭57-48035号公报
专利文献4:日本特公平2-45572号公报
专利文献5:日本特公平3-78244号公报
专利文献6:日本特公平4-4923号公报
专利文献7:日本特公平4-11366号公报
专利文献8:日本特公平8-5063号公报
专利文献9:日本专利第3077231号公报
专利文献10:日本特开昭58-210096号公报
专利文献11:日本特开2000-72601号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供:使用被认为生物蓄积性低的具有碳原子数为6以下的全氟烷基、且具有与乳化性能优异的十五氟辛酸铵相媲美的乳化性能的化合物作为乳化剂的聚全氟醚油或全氟化碳化合物的乳剂,以及使用聚全氟醚油乳剂的脱模剂。
解决课题的方法
所述本发明的目的通过下述乳剂和使用聚全氟醚油乳剂的脱模剂而达成,所述乳剂是相对于100重量份通式[I]或通式[II]所表示的聚全氟醚油或全氟化碳化合物使用0.01~30重量份作为乳化剂的通式[III]所表示的全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐而形成的;
RfO(C3F6O)p(C2F4O)q(CF2O)rRf’ [I]
(这里,Rf、Rf’表示碳原子数为1~5的全氟低级烷基,C3F6O基、C2F4O基和CF2O基随机结合,p+q+r为2~200的整数,p、q或r可为0);
F(CF2CF2CF2O)nCF2CF3 [II]
(这里,n为2~100的整数);
CnF2n+1CH2CH2P(O)(OM1)(OM2) [III]
(这里,M1为氢原子、铵盐或有机胺盐,M2为铵盐或有机胺盐,n为1~6的整数)。
发明效果
本发明中使用的全氟烷基乙基膦酸铵盐或胺盐乳化剂、特别是铵盐乳化剂是被认为生物蓄积性低的具有碳原子数为6以下的全氟烷基的化合物,具有与乳化性能优异的十五氟辛酸铵相媲美的乳化性能,由该乳化剂的水性溶液或有机溶剂溶液和聚全氟醚油或全氟化碳化合物构成的乳剂可以形成稳定的乳剂。即使在室温条件下或40℃下放置1个月后其乳化稳定性也可良好地维持。
与聚全氟醚油形成的乳剂,保持其良好的乳化稳定性不变,适用于防水防油剂、防粘剂、防转印剂、脱模剂等表面处理剂用途。将其用作粉底等化妆用粉末的颜料粉体的表面处理剂时,被用作颜料粉体的防水防油性赋予剂、防转印剂等。另外,由于全氟化碳化合物可以 大量溶解并运输氧,所以全氟化碳化合物的乳剂可谋求有效用作氧运输介质或器官保存液。
特别是在脱模剂用途中,例如即使在以约0.1重量%以下的固体成分浓度制成水性或有机溶剂性脱模剂的情况下,也可以发挥在脱模对象物、例如成形用模型上涂布该脱模剂时发挥有效的脱模性能的优异的效果。这是由于全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐显示出极好的溶剂溶解性的缘故,可以在固体成分浓度为约0.1重量%以下得到显示出远优于制备成固体成分浓度占0.5重量%的现有脱模剂的脱模性的脱模剂。
并且,由于全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐具有良好的溶剂溶解性,所以用稀释剂稀释时容易形成浓度均匀的脱模剂溶液,因此也不会产生在现有的脱模剂中被当成问题的沉淀,具有保存稳定性也良好的特征。
根据以上的全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐所具有的诸特性,本发明涉及的乳剂型脱模剂发挥以下的优异效果。
(1)具有优异的成膜性,对于复杂形状的成形品也可以形成均匀的涂膜。
(2)对模型面的成膜性和与离子基的模型面的密合性优异,所以可谋求显著提高脱模性能和脱模寿命。
(3)即使是约0.1重量%左右的低浓度的稀释,也可发挥优异的脱模性和持续性,所以可以减少脱模剂所引起的模具污染。
(4)由于脱模剂向成形品中的转移性小,所以很少会对成形后的成形品的品质带来不良影响,成形品的尺寸精度提高。
附图说明
图1是显示实施例1(1)和参考例1中得到的乳化剂浓度与表面张力的关系的坐标图。
具体实施方式
用作乳化剂的下述式[III]所示的全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐,可以通过使氨水溶液或有机胺与专利文献10中记载的下述式[IV]所示的全氟烷基乙基膦酸反应而得到。
CnF2n+1CH2CH2P(O)(OM1)(OM2) [III]
CnF2n+1CH2CH2P(O)(OH)2 [IV]
作为有机胺,例如优选使用:二乙胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、吡啶、吗啉或它们的衍生物等。相对于全氟烷基乙基膦酸,使用等摩尔量的氨或有机胺时形成单盐,使用两倍摩尔量的氨或有机胺时形成二盐。通常是按照必需的理论摩尔数以上使用,按照等摩尔量以上、不足两倍摩尔量使用时,形成单盐和二盐的混合物。
全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐以溶解于水或水溶性有机溶剂水溶液即水性介质中得到的水性溶液或溶解于有机溶剂中得到的有机溶剂溶液的形式使用。作为有机溶剂,例如使用:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等醇;丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮等酮;乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二乙基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮等非质子性极性溶剂。
关于全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐的乳化能力,例如当为2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸铵水溶液时,其临界胶束浓度[CMC]出现在乳化剂浓度0.8重量%附近,直至乳化剂浓度为2.0重量%左右都显示出恒定的低的表面张力。
向聚全氟醚油中添加乳化剂的水性溶液或有机溶剂溶液,以每100重量份聚全氟醚油,上述溶液的有效成分量为约0.01~30重量份、优选约0.1~15重量份的比例添加,之后进行乳化处理,形成聚全氟醚油乳剂。若以此以上的比例使用乳化剂,则聚全氟醚油自身的特性得不到充分发挥。乳化处理时,使用均化器等,以约500~10,000rpm的转数进行预乳化,之后再使用高压均化器,在压力约100~800kgf/cm2(约9.8~78.4MPa)下进行乳化处理。
作为将被乳化的聚全氟醚油,使用通式[I]所示的聚全氟醚油:
RfO(C3F6O)p(C2F4O)q(CF2O)rRf’ [I]
这里,Rf、Rf’表示全氟甲基、全氟乙基等碳原子数为1~5的全氟低 级烷基;C3F6O基、C2F4O基和CF2O基随机结合,p+q+r=2~200,p、q或r可为0。以上述通式表示的聚全氟醚油的具体例子如下。
RfO[CF(CF3)CF2O]mRf’ [Ia]
这里,m为2~200,该聚全氟醚油通过将六氟丙烯的光氧化聚合生成的前体完全氟化、或者在氟化铯催化剂的存在下使六氟环氧丙烷发生阴离子聚合、再对所得的具有末端-CF(CF3)COF基的酰氟化合物进行氟气处理而得到。
RfO[CF(CF3)CF2O]m(CF2O)nRf’ [Ib]
这里,CF(CF3)CF2O基和CF2O基随机结合,m+n=3~200,m∶n=(10∶90)~(90∶10),该聚全氟醚油通过将六氟丙烯的光氧化聚合生成的前体完全氟化而得到。
RfO(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O)nRf’ [Ic]
这里,m+n=3~200,m∶n=(10∶90)~(90∶10),该聚全氟醚油通过将四氟乙烯的光氧化聚合生成的前体完全氟化而得到。
还可以使用上述通式所示的以外的聚全氟醚油,例如使用下述的聚全氟醚油。
F(CF2CF2CF2O)nCF2CF3 [II]
这里,n=2~100,该聚全氟醚油通过在氟化铯催化剂的存在下使2,2,3,3-四氟氧杂环丁烷发生阴离子聚合,再对所得的含氟聚醚(CH2CF2CF2O)n在160~300℃的紫外线照射下进行氟气处理而得到。
作为具体例子而列举的上述聚全氟醚油可以单独或混合使用,但从成本实效的角度考虑,优选使用上述[Ia]或[Ib]、特别是[Ia]的聚全氟醚油。作为全氟聚醚[Ia],使用m为2~100的整数、且数均分子量Mn为约300~50000、优选约500~20000的全氟聚醚。
上述聚全氟醚油,无论具有任何值的动力粘度均可使用,但作为润滑剂,使用动力粘度为5~2000mm2/秒(40℃)的聚全氟醚油;考虑到在高温条件下的使用,优选使用动力粘度为100~1500mm2/秒(40℃)的聚全氟醚油。即,动力粘度为约5mm2/秒以下的聚全氟醚油,其蒸 发量大,不满足耐热用润滑脂的标准即JIS滚珠-滚柱轴承用润滑脂3类中规定的蒸发量为1.5%以下的条件。此外,动力粘度为2000mm2/秒以上的聚全氟醚油,其流动点(对应于ISO 2909和ISO 3104的JIS K-2283)为10℃以上,在低温起动时无法通过常规方法使轴承旋转,必需加热才可以使用该聚全氟醚油。
并且,聚全氟醚油乳剂通过以用水性溶液或有机溶剂稀释使达到其固体成分(聚全氟醚油)浓度占约0.01~30重量%、优选约0.05~10重量%的量的水性溶液或有机溶剂溶液的形式使用,可保持良好的乳化稳定性不变,而形成防水防油剂、防粘剂、防转印剂、脱模剂等表面处理剂。用作脱模剂时,将其用于成形模型面;在成形品等的基质上使用时,被用作防粘剂。并且,用于粉底等化妆用粉末时,被用作颜料粉体的防水防油性赋予剂、防转印剂等。
将乳剂用作脱模剂时,用水或有机溶剂稀释后使用。所用有机溶剂可以列举:甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇等醇类;丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮等酮类;二乙醚、二异丙醚、二 烷、四氢呋喃等醚类;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯类;甲基溶纤剂、乙基溶纤剂、甲基卡必醇、乙基卡必醇等多元醇衍生物类;四氯化碳、二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、三氯乙烷、三氯氟甲烷、四氯二氟乙烷、三氯三氟乙烷等卤代烃类等的至少一种,优选使用异丙醇和乙醇的混合溶剂。这里,有机溶剂还可以和水结合使用。
在模型上涂布脱模剂溶液时,可以通过浸涂、喷涂、刷涂、气溶胶式喷涂、浸胶布涂布等通常使用的任意方法来进行。另外,作为通过涂布有脱模剂的模型形成的成形材料,可以列举:例如聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、氯乙烯树脂等树脂类;天然橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、氟橡胶等橡胶类。
另外,可以大量溶解并运输氧的全氟化碳化合物,以含有全氟烷基乙基膦酸盐的乳剂的形式,可谋求有效用作氧运输介质或摘出器官保存液(参照专利文献11)。
作为全氟化碳化合物,可以列举:例如全氟环己烷、全氟环萘烷等全氟环烷;全氟三甲基环己烷、全氟异丙基环己烷、全氟烷基萘烷等全氟烷基环烷。其乳剂的形成与聚全氟醚油的情形同样地进行。
实施例
接下来,就实施例来说明本发明。
实施例1
(1)将50g加热至40℃的水边保温边加入到具备搅拌装置和滴液装置的200ml容量的反应装置内,再向其中加入5g(11.7毫摩尔)2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸(Unimatec制品CHEMINOX FHP-2-OH),之后加入20.5g(16.9毫摩尔)浓度为1.4重量%的氨水溶液,继续搅拌1小时以进行中和反应。由此得到pH8的2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸铵盐水溶液(有效成分浓度为6.9重量%)[乳化剂水溶液I]。
将该乳化剂水溶液I一点一点地添加到水中,测定该水溶液的表面张力。如图1的坐标图中○形所示,其临界胶束浓度[CMC]为0.8重量%,最低表面张力为17mN/m。测定表面张力时,使用SITA制的动态表面张力计,在20℃下按照最大气泡法进行测定。
需要说明的是,在未向2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸中加入氨水溶液的情况下搅拌1小时的情形下,添加的2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸不溶于水而发生分离,无法得到水溶液。
(2)将182g加热至40℃的水边保温边加入到具备搅拌装置和滴液装置的1,000ml容量的反应装置内,再向其中加入218g乳化剂水溶液I和100g下述通式:
C3F7O[CF(CF3)CF2O]mC2F5 (m:2~100)
所示的聚全氟醚油(NOK Kluber制品BARRIERTA J 25 FLUID;动力粘度(40℃)为25mm2/秒)(以上总量为500g),之后使用均化器以3000rpm的转数进行两分钟的预乳化,再使用高压均化器(日本精机制)在600kgf/cm2(58.8MPa)的压力下进行乳化处理,得到485g聚全氟醚油 乳剂A(相对于100重量份聚全氟醚油,全氟烷基乙基膦酸铵盐为15.0重量份)(回收率为97%)。
得到的聚全氟醚油乳剂A的平均粒径为151nm。将该乳剂A在室温条件下和40℃下分别静置1个月后测定平均粒径时,分别得到153nm、155nm的值,确认均形成了稳定的乳剂。平均粒径的测定使用日机装制Microtrac粒度分布计UPA150按照动态光散射法来进行。
将水量变更为385g、并使用15g 2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸来代替乳化剂水溶液I时,混合液立即发生液-液分离,没有形成乳剂。
参考例1
在实施例1(1)中,用5g十五氟辛酸铵盐(Jemco制品EFTOP EF204)代替2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸和氨水溶液,得到十五氟辛酸铵盐的水溶液(有效成分浓度为9.1重量%)[乳化剂水溶液II]。
对于该乳化剂水溶液II同样地测定表面张力时,如图1的坐标图中■形所示,其CMC为0.8重量%,最低表面张力为18mN/m。
实施例2
在实施例1(2)中,使用等量(100g)的以相同的通式表示的聚全氟醚油(NOK Kluber制品BARRIERTA J 100 FLUID;动力粘度(40℃)为95mm2/秒)(总量为500g),得到486g聚全氟醚油乳剂B(回收率为97%)。该乳剂B的平均粒径为131nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为136nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为140nm,确认形成了稳定的乳剂。
实施例3
在实施例1(2)中,使用等量(100g)的以相同的通式表示的聚全氟醚油(NOK Kluber制品BARRIERTA J 400 FLUID;动力粘度(40℃)为390mm2/秒)(总量为500g),得到485g聚全氟醚油乳剂C(回收率为 97%)。该乳剂C的平均粒径为145nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为146nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为150nm,确认形成了比较稳定的乳剂。
实施例4
在实施例1(2)中,使用等量(100g)的以相同的通式表示的聚全氟醚油(NOK Kluber制品BARRIERTA J 800 FLUID;动力粘度(40℃)为800mm2/秒)(总量为500g),得到480g聚全氟醚油乳剂D(回收率为96%)。该乳剂D的平均粒径为155nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为160nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为162nm,确认形成了比较稳定的乳剂。
实施例5
在实施例1(2)中,使用等量(100g)的全氟萘烷代替聚全氟醚油,得到484g全氟萘烷乳剂E(回收率为97%)。该乳剂E的平均粒径为189nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为190nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为200nm,确认形成了稳定的乳剂。
参考例2
在实施例2中,用165g十五氟辛酸铵盐水溶液即乳化剂水溶液II代替乳化剂水溶液I,并将水量变更为235g后使用(总量为500g),得到482g聚全氟醚油乳剂F(回收率为96%)。该乳剂F的平均粒径为140nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为143nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为145nm,形成了稳定的乳剂。
参考例3
在实施例5中,用165g十五氟辛酸铵盐水溶液即乳化剂水溶液II代替乳化剂水溶液I,并将水量变更为235g后使用(总量为500g), 得到483g全氟萘烷乳剂G(回收率为97%)。该乳剂G的平均粒径为185nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为182nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为196nm,形成了比较稳定的乳剂。
实施例6
(1)在实施例1(1)中,用1.71g(16.9毫摩尔)三乙胺代替20.5g(16.9毫摩尔)浓度为1.4重量%的氨水溶液,得到2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸三乙基胺盐的水溶液(有效成分浓度为8.9重量%)[乳化剂水溶液III]。
进行相同的操作测定该乳化剂水溶液III的临界胶束浓度[CMC]和最低表面张力时,分别得到了1.2重量%和27.7mN/m的值。
(2)在实施例1(2)中,分别如下变更种类和量:加热至40℃的水量为231g、用于代替乳化剂水溶液I的乳化剂水溶液III的量为169g、聚全氟醚油(BARRIERTA J 100 FLUID)量为100g(总量为500g),得到483g聚全氟醚油乳剂H(回收率为97%)。
所得的聚全氟醚油乳剂H的平均粒径为405nm。另外,将该乳剂H在室温条件下和40℃下分别静置1个月时,确认均生成沉淀、发生分离。
实施例7
边搅拌边向97.5重量份离子交换水中添加2.5重量份聚全氟醚油乳剂A进行稀释,制备脱模剂乳液。
使用该脱模剂乳液的聚氨酯橡胶成形时的脱模试验如下实施。
以直径45mm、深50mm的铝制杯作为成形模,将该模加热至80℃后涂布脱模剂,在80℃下干燥。向该涂布有脱模剂的模具内注入100重量份的加热至80℃的聚氨酯预聚物(日本Polyurethane制品Coronate 4090)和12.8重量份的加热至120℃的亚甲基双(邻氯苯胺)固化剂(Ihara Chemical制品Iharacuamine MT)的混合物10g,在120℃下 加热固化1小时。
固化前在注入部中央设置用于取出固化成形品的挂钩,固化后拉上该挂钩以从模具中取出成形品时,使用位于上方的弹簧秤求出此时的荷重,得到的值为8N(脱模性能)。另外,在最初1次涂布脱模剂后,以50N以下的脱模荷重测定直至哪一次可以脱模的次数时,得到的值为9次(脱模寿命)。
比较例1
(1)在实施例1(1)中,将2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸量变更为10g(23.4毫摩尔),并将浓度为1.4重量%的氨水溶液量变更为40g(32.9毫摩尔),得到2-(全氟己基)乙基膦酸铵盐的水溶液(有效成分浓度为10.0重量%)[乳化剂水溶液IV]。
(2)在实施例1(2)中,使用250g乳化剂水溶液IV、5g聚全氟醚油(BARRIERTA J 100 FLUID)和245g水(以上总计500g),得到486g聚全氟醚油乳剂I(回收率为97%)。该乳剂I的平均粒径为61nm,室温下经过1个月后的平均粒径为65nm,40℃下经过1个月后的平均粒径为66nm,确认形成了比较稳定的乳剂。
(3)在实施例7中,使用等量(2.5重量份)的聚全氟醚油乳剂I代替聚全氟醚油乳剂A,制备脱模剂乳液,使用该乳液进行聚氨酯橡胶成形时的脱模试验时,得到了脱模性能为20N、脱模寿命为两次的测定结果。
实施例8~14、比较例2~3
在实施例7中,用于制备脱模剂乳液的聚全氟醚油乳剂的种类和添加量(重量%)、稀释液的种类(水∶离子交换水、EtOH∶乙醇、IPA∶异丙醇)和使用量(重量%)分别如下表所示进行变更。得到的脱模性能和脱模寿命的测定值与实施例7的测定值一同见下表。
表
比较例4
在实施例7中,在没有涂布脱模剂乳液的情况下进行脱模性能和脱模寿命的测定,成形品没有从模型上剥离,无法测定,因此得到脱模寿命为0次的结果。
Claims (1)
1.表面处理剂,该表面处理剂是由用水性介质进一步稀释乳剂,使其固体成分浓度达到0.01~30重量%而得到的水性介质溶液形成的,
所述乳剂是,相对于100重量份下述通式[I]所表示的数均分子量Mn为500~20000的聚全氟醚油,使用0.01~30重量份作为乳化剂的下述通式[II]所表示的全氟烷基乙基膦酸铵盐,并分散在水性介质中而形成的乳剂;
RfO[CF(CF3)CF2O]mRf ’ [I]
这里,Rf、Rf ’表示碳原子数为1~5的全氟低级烷基,m为2~100的整数;
这里,M1为氢原子或铵盐,M2为铵盐,n为1~6的整数。
2.权利要求1所述的表面处理剂,其中,乳化剂以水性溶液的形式使用。
3.权利要求1所述的表面处理剂,其被用作防水防油剂、防粘剂、防转印剂或脱模剂。
4.权利要求3所述的表面处理剂,其被用作涂布在成形用模型上的脱模剂。
5. 权利要求1所述的表面处理剂,其适用于基质上。
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JP特开2001-72857A 2001.03.21 |
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JP特开平8-323187A 1996.12.10 |
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WO2011034003A1 (ja) | 2011-03-24 |
CN102510880A (zh) | 2012-06-20 |
EP2479216A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
KR101413015B1 (ko) | 2014-06-30 |
US20120178075A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
US9610634B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
US9937551B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
EP2479216B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
KR20120059508A (ko) | 2012-06-08 |
EP2479216A4 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
US20150306659A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
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