CN102440170A - Method for desert forestation - Google Patents
Method for desert forestation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102440170A CN102440170A CN2011103162343A CN201110316234A CN102440170A CN 102440170 A CN102440170 A CN 102440170A CN 2011103162343 A CN2011103162343 A CN 2011103162343A CN 201110316234 A CN201110316234 A CN 201110316234A CN 102440170 A CN102440170 A CN 102440170A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for desert forestation. The method comprises the following steps including 1, water source preparation, namely a plurality of wells are drilled in the desert forestlands; 2, seedling preparation, namely for Salix psammophila cuttings, the branches of 1.2 to 1.5 m in length and more than 0.8 cm in diameter are selected, the gathered seeding blanches are soaked in water to absorb water, and for poplar or hankow willow cuttings, the seedlings of 3.5 m in height and more than 3 cm in diameter at breast height are selected and soaked in water prior to planting to absorb water; 3, water flush forestation planting, namely water in the wells is pumped out through a centrifugal water pump, so that the sandy soil around the seedlings is flushed into gaps through water to fill and seal the gaps, and the seedlings are watered fully. The desert forestation procedures can be finished within 30 to 50 seconds by utilizing the method provided by the invention, the forestation survival rate achieves 90%, and the three-year conservation rate reaches more than 80%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of desert method of forestation.
Background technology
In abominable desert area survival rate, rates of growing into forest of natural conditions such as the active dune of arid, semiarid zone, sand field, naked sand grounds, be the bottleneck problem of restriction afforestation effect always, also be the technical problem that the afforestation worker is paying close attention to always.Above-mentioned regional moisture is to influence the low key factor of survival rate, if irrigate, and ten kinds of difficulties of traffic condition and implementation condition, and can strengthen cost of forestation.
Afforestation technology in the past all is that earlier wholely manual work or machinery dig kind of a plant hole, again through plant seedlings, earthing, operation such as water could accomplish whole afforestation operation, routine afforests that complex procedures is loaded down with trivial details, survival rate, storage rate are lower.
The tree planting technology has report though the combination well water under high pressure punches, but owing to often make the seeds after the afforestation be difficult to become to live grow into forest because erode in the active dune location, causes later stage afforestation effect to descend significantly.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of desert method of forestation, it may further comprise the steps:
1) water source is prepared: planting site is beaten a plurality of wells in the desert, and distance is 200 ~ 400 meters between a plurality of wells, and wherein, said desert planting site comprises: relative altitude is at the active dune more than 15 meters, and its windward slope 1/2 is with lowland between descending position and mound; Relative altitude is lower than 15 meters active dune, and its windward slope 2/3 is with lowland between descending position and mound; And apart from 1 meter outer naked sand ground of the leeward slope of active dune;
2) seedling is prepared: salix monogolica is transplanted a cutting: selects 2～3 years sturdy branches of lifes, length 1.2-1.5 rice, top diameter is greater than 0.8 centimetre, and in the slender soaked in water under will gathering 3 ~ 7 days, the abundant suction; Willow or dry land willow insert fringe: select 3.5 meters of seedling height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground was soaked in water 10 ~ 20 days before the plantation more than 3 centimetres, fully suction;
3) water dashes the afforestation plantation: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the said well is extracted out, utilize the steel water pistol of flexible pipe and tube terminal directly water to be injected in the planting site of desert, forming the degree of depth with impact force of water flow is the hole of planting of 120 ~ 150cm; With step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly, and water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, and it is real to fill up envelope; Simultaneously fully water sufficient water, wherein, plant willow or dry land willow between the mound in the middle of the lowland; 1 ~ 2 meter of planting depth, 3 ~ 5 meters of spacing in the rows, 3 ~ 5 meters of line-spacings; In the periphery plantation shrub (salix monogolica, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium) of willow or dry land willow woods, 1 meter of shrub spacing in the rows; Windward slope is mainly planted salix monogolica, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 1.15 ~ 1.45 meters of planting depths expose 5 ~ 6 centimetres, every mu 100 ~ 150 hole of planting, plantation 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole; 1 meter outer naked sand ground plantation dry land willow, willow, arrow-leaved oleaster or salix monogolica etc. of leeward slope.
Wherein, in the step 1) between the mound of desert planting site the lowland beat a plurality of wells, well is spaced apart 300 meters, 15 ~ 20 meters of well depths.
Wherein, step 3) water dashes the afforestation plantation and is: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the said well is extracted out, said centrifugal water pump connects many water pipes outward; Said water pipe is connected with flexible pipe, connects steel pipe as hydraulic giant, through the pressure of centrifugal water pump at the terminal of said flexible pipe; Directly water being injected in the planting site of desert, forming 120～150 centimetres of holes of planting of the degree of depth, step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly; And water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, and it is real to fill up envelope.
Preferably, said centrifugal water pump is 3 cun centrifugal water pumps, and said water pipe is 3 cun water pipes, and said water pipe is connected with three one-inch flexible pipes through three-way connection, 1 ~ 2 meter long of the terminal connection of said one-inch flexible pipe, the steel pipe of 2～3 centimetres of diameters.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows of said willow or dry land willow is 3 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows of said windward slope plantation salix monogolica is 2 meters, and line-spacing is 3 meters.
Preferably, between said mound also mix and plant arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium in the lowland, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 0.8 ~ 1.20 meter of planting depth, every mu 100 ~ 150 hole of planting, 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole.
Preferably, the planting depth of the salix monogolica of said windward slope plantation is 1.40 ~ 1.45 meters.
Preferably, windward slope plantation salix monogolica is plantation stage by stage in the step 3): at an upper portion thereof windward slope was every again when the salix monogolica in the windward slope bottom grew into forest basically planted a salix monogolica at a distance from 2 ~ 3 years.
Further; Step 3) water also comprises anti-wind erosion step after dashing the afforestation plantation; Lay sand-protecting barrier at plant hole periphery of seedling: with salix monogolica, wheat straw, maize straw, sunflower stalk or reed between the bundled seedling that is placed on the desert planting site, or the salix monogolica branch closely arranged to insert form the vertical type sand-protecting barrier in the sandy soil.
The present invention can reach following technique effect:
Utilize method of forestation of the present invention can accomplish above-mentioned whole afforestation operations of sand field active dune in the very short time of second at 30-50; Can greatly increase work efficiency; And can make survival rate reach 90%, three year storage rate and reach more than 80%, greatly degree has improved survival rate, storage rate and the rate of growing into forest of the naked sand ground afforestation of sand field.
The setting of the present invention technology reasonable disposition through reproducting tree species and sand-protecting barrier etc., the survival rate storage rate that desert, sand ground area water is dashed afforest and from now on the healthy growth in forest land obtained very big guarantee.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described further so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implementing, but the embodiment that lifts not conduct to qualification of the present invention.
In order to improve the operating efficiency and the survival rate of desert afforestation, the present invention provides the method for following desert afforestation:
1, planting site water source:
Planting site is selected: large-scale active dune relative altitude is more than 15 meters, and plantation sand dune windward slope 1/2 is with lowland between descending position and mound, and small-sized active dune plantation windward slope 2/3 is with lowland between descending position and mound.Leeward slope is to be advisable apart from the 1 meter outer afforestation in hillside fields.
The solution at water source is whenever to beat a glance multitube well at a distance from 300 meters distance at active dune such as desert, sand ground, naked sand ground; 3 cun centrifugal water pumps that utilize the 12PH diesel engine and match are with it realized the supply of certain pressure current; Outer many in the 3 cun water pipes that connect of water pump are divided into current in the flexible pipe of 3 one-inch through 3 pass joints afterwards.Removable flexible pipe is being the center with the well, moves between sand dune in 150 meters scopes of radius or the naked sand ground and implements water towards afforestation.
Well location is selected: lowland between the mound that water resource is enriched, beat multitube combination drift sand well, and guarantee the water of afforesting;
The well degree of depth: 15～20 meters can be that 3 water dash the water supply of afforestation hydraulic giant simultaneously; Pump head: 20 meters;
2, afforest with the selection and the processing of seedling:
Salix monogolica is transplanted a cutting: selects 2～3 years sturdy branches, length 1.2-1.5 rice, top diameter is greater than 0.8 centimetre, and in the slender soaked in water under will gathering about 5 days, the abundant suction;
Willow, dry land willow insert fringe: select about 3.5 meters of seedling height, 3 ~ 5 centimetres of mid diameters soaked about 15 days in water before the plantation, fully suction;
Other seedlings such as arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, poplar bavin, hedysarum scoparium etc. are selected the subterranean water level higher position not have saline and alkaline location near planting site and are heeled in and get final product ready access upon use.
3, water is towards method of forestation:
The steel pipe that connects 2～3 centimetres of 1.8 meters long, diameter at the terminal of flexible pipe, directly is injected in water in the planting site of desert through the pressure of centrifugal water pump as hydraulic giant; Form the hole of planting of 120～150 centimetres of the degree of depth, insert in the hole seedlings such as the salix monogolica bar of choosing, willow, dry land willow immediately, and will transplant a cutting peripheral sandy soil with hydraulic giant and pour the space; Filling up envelope gets final product in fact; Disposable completion afforestation and the operation of pouring water combine consolidation owing to slender with sandy soil, can improve survival rate greatly.
Afforestation speed: 30～50 seconds 1 cave times spent; 2 strains cutting can be inserted in every cave when salix monogolica, the plantation of seedling shrub; Arbor every cave 1 strains such as willow, dry land willow and arrow-leaved oleaster.
4, the configuration of seeds:
The selection of each location seeds of afforesting: the lowland choice of tree species is main with willow, dry land willow, salix monogolica, arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin and hedysarum scoparium between the mound, and windward slope is main with salix monogolica.
Tree arrangement and planting patterns configuration: lowland plantation willow, dry land willow between the mound; Can, it play the effect of good resistance sand ribbon when looking higher; Make the sandy soil on the sand dune of its back fall into lowland between the mound, gradually i.e. " front post-tensioning " evened up on tall and big sand dune thereafter.3 ~ 5 meters * 3 ~ 5 meters of seeding row spacings, preferred 3 meters * 4 meters, wherein mongrel is planted shrub (as: salix monogolica, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium etc.), 1 meter of shrub spacing in the rows.The serious location of eroding, the arbor spacing in the rows is amplified to 4 meters, implements the plantation of alliance shape at the arbor periphery with shrub; Windward slope salix monogolica plantation seeding row spacing is 1 ~ 3 meter * 2 ~ 4 meters, and preferred 2 meters * 3 meters, planting depth 1.15-1.45 rice (is selected this planting depth; Can prevent erodes is affected the late growing stage of reproducting tree species such as salix monogolica), preferred 1.40 ~ 1.45 meters, expose 5 ~ 6 centimetres; The position, slope is high more should select long salix monogolica kind fringe; Every mu of 100 ~ 150 holes of planting, preferred 110 ~ 120 holes of planting, 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole; 1 meter outer naked sand ground plantation dry land willow, willow, arrow-leaved oleaster or salix monogolica of leeward slope.
5, the technical measures of anti-wind erosion:
Active dune and naked sand ground year wind erosion quantity generally about 20 centimetres, serious wind erosion is had a strong impact on the late growing stage of reproducting tree species such as salix monogolica, grows into forest after 5 years for guaranteeing afforestation, must solve the anti-wind erosion problem of planting site seeds.The present invention provides following two kinds of solutions:
1) after afforestation is finished, plants the plant hole periphery salix monogolica, willow, dry land willow etc. and lay sand-protecting barrier.With bundle bundled being placed in the planting site such as salix monogolica, wheat straw, maize straw, sunflower stalk, reed; Or utilize the salix monogolica branch to make vertical type sand-protecting barrier (about 1 meter of the salix monogolica branch length overall of 50 centimetres of height; Wherein imbed in the sand for 50 centimetres, 50 centimetres are basseted, and a strain one strain salix monogolica closely is close to implants in the sandy soil); Reduce wind erosion quantity, good space is provided to plant growing;
2) afforestation can be reduced the expense that sand-protecting barrier drops into stage by stage.Can arrange 2-3 time (year) to implement afforestation for the planting site of monoblock.At an upper portion thereof windward slope was every at a distance from 2-3 afforestation once again when promptly the salix monogolica in the windward slope bottom grew into forest basically, and the foundation in the anti-wind erosion forest belt of the salix monogolica the previous years of dependence ensures that follow-up planting site exempts from wind erosion harm.
Afforest in the desert according to method of the present invention:
1) survival rate: 90%～98%; 3 years storage rate 80%-90% can improve more than 30% than the survival rate of conventional afforestation method, and storage rate can improve 40%;
2) the former artificial cave of accomplishing is digged pit, transplants a cutting, bankets, is treaded the plantation salix monogolica and needs 4～5 minutes time, utilizes the present invention to taper to 30～50 seconds, improves 5 times of work efficiency, and survival rate improves more than 30%.Cost of forestation: 230 yuan/mu; And can save and irrigate with 100～120 yuan/mu of expensess of labour.
Advantage of the present invention is following:
1. water is very high towards survival rate, storage rate.
Method simple, be easy to grasp, be convenient to promote;
3. water is " green " technology towards afforestation method, can not cause any pollution;
Speed fast, effective, time saving and energy saving, reduce cost.
5, guarantee that active dune become the forest land after 5 years.When the sand-protecting barrier protection was set, 400～600 yuan/mu of anti-sand shield setup fees were perhaps divided location afforestation through year-by-year, and planting site is protected effectively, grew into forest in 3-5 fast in the forest land that helps new planting on the naked sand ground.
Large-area salix monogolica cutting forset-plantation is carried out in the desert area that desert of the present invention method of forestation is adapted at lacking the labour, has inconvenient traffic, natural conditions are abominable; Desert of the present invention method of forestation can directly be afforested on active dune, is the afforestation approach and a method of forestation that can change the desert natural landscape rapidly.
The above embodiment is the preferred embodiment that proves absolutely that the present invention lifts, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.Being equal to that the technical staff in present technique field is done on basis of the present invention substitutes or conversion, all within protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a desert method of forestation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) water source is prepared: planting site is beaten a plurality of wells in the desert, and distance is 200 ~ 400 meters between a plurality of wells, and wherein, said desert planting site comprises: relative altitude is at the active dune more than 15 meters, and its windward slope 1/2 is with lowland between descending position and mound; Relative altitude is lower than 15 meters active dune, and its windward slope 2/3 is with lowland between descending position and mound; And apart from 1 meter outer naked sand ground of the leeward slope of active dune;
2) seedling is prepared: salix monogolica is transplanted a cutting: selects 2～3 years sturdy branches of lifes, length 1.2-1.5 rice, top diameter is greater than 0.8 centimetre, and in the slender soaked in water under will gathering 3 ~ 7 days, the abundant suction; Willow or dry land willow insert fringe: select 3.5 meters of seedling height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground was soaked in water 10 ~ 20 days before the plantation more than 3 centimetres, fully suction;
3) water dashes the afforestation plantation: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the said well is extracted out, utilize the steel water pistol of flexible pipe and tube terminal directly water to be injected in the planting site of desert, forming the degree of depth with impact force of water flow is the hole of planting of 120 ~ 150cm; With step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly, and water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, and it is real to fill up envelope; Simultaneously fully water sufficient water, wherein, plant willow or dry land willow between the mound in the middle of the lowland; 1.5 ~ 2 meters of planting depths, 3 ~ 5 meters of spacing in the rows, 3 ~ 5 meters of line-spacings; Peripheral mongrel willow or dry land willow is planted shrub, 1 meter of shrub spacing in the rows; Windward slope is mainly planted salix monogolica, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 1.15 ~ 1.45 meters of planting depths expose 5 ~ 6 centimetres; 1 meter outer naked sand ground plantation dry land willow, willow, arrow-leaved oleaster or salix monogolica of leeward slope.
2. desert according to claim 1 method of forestation is characterized in that, in the step 1) between the mound of desert planting site the lowland beat a plurality of wells, well is spaced apart 300 meters, 15 ~ 20 meters of well depths.
3. desert according to claim 2 method of forestation is characterized in that, step 3) water dashes the afforestation plantation and is: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the said well is extracted out; Many water pipes of the outer connection of said centrifugal water pump, said water pipe is connected with flexible pipe, connects steel pipe as hydraulic giant at the terminal of said flexible pipe; Pressure through centrifugal water pump; Directly water being injected in the planting site of desert, forming 120～150 centimetres of holes of planting of the degree of depth, step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly; And water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, and it is real to fill up envelope.
4. desert according to claim 3 method of forestation; It is characterized in that said centrifugal water pump is 3 cun centrifugal water pumps, said water pipe is 3 cun water pipes; Said water pipe is connected with three one-inch flexible pipes through three-way connection, 1 ~ 2 meter long of the terminal connection of said one-inch flexible pipe, the steel pipe of 2～3 centimetres of diameters.
5. desert according to claim 1 method of forestation is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of said willow or dry land willow is 3 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters.
6. desert according to claim 1 method of forestation is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of said windward slope plantation salix monogolica is 2 meters, and line-spacing is 3 meters.
7. desert according to claim 1 method of forestation is characterized in that, between the mound also mix and plant arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium in the lowland; 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, line-spacing are 2 ~ 4 meters, 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter of planting depth; Every mu 100 ~ 150 hole of planting, 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole.
8. desert according to claim 6 method of forestation is characterized in that, the planting depth of windward slope plantation salix monogolica is 1.40 ~ 1.45 meters.
9. desert according to claim 1 method of forestation is characterized in that, windward slope plantation salix monogolica is plantation stage by stage in the step 3): at an upper portion thereof windward slope was every again when the salix monogolica in the windward slope bottom grew into forest planted a salix monogolica at a distance from 2 ~ 3 years.
10. desert according to claim 1 method of forestation; It is characterized in that; Step 3) water also comprises anti-wind erosion step after dashing the afforestation plantation; Lay sand-protecting barrier at plant hole periphery of seedling: with salix monogolica, wheat straw, maize straw, sunflower stalk or reed between the bundled seedling that is placed on the desert planting site, or the salix monogolica branch closely arranged to insert form the vertical type sand-protecting barrier in the sandy soil.
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