CN112913626A - Water-saving irrigation afforestation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Water-saving irrigation afforestation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112913626A CN112913626A CN202110443294.5A CN202110443294A CN112913626A CN 112913626 A CN112913626 A CN 112913626A CN 202110443294 A CN202110443294 A CN 202110443294A CN 112913626 A CN112913626 A CN 112913626A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation, in particular to a water-saving irrigation afforestation method and application thereof. The cuttage method and the punching method have certain relevance, the cuttage method and the punching method are matched to carry out water-saving irrigation forestation, and the water consumption for water-saving irrigation forestation is 450-900m compared with the traditional forestation irrigation3/hm2Compared with the traditional method of 1/720-1/360, the water consumption is not only greatly saving fresh water resources, improving the water utilization rate and reducing the afforestation cost, but also greatly reducing the afforestation time on the premise of ensuring the survival rate and the preservation rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation, in particular to a water-saving irrigation afforestation method and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Water shortage is a major threat to the development of forestry in arid and semiarid regions at present. Irrigation water for agriculture and forestry in China mainly depends on natural rainfall, surface runoff and underground water resources. Particularly, in coastal saline-alkali areas, on one hand, fresh water resources are in short supply, and most underground water resources are saline water and brackish water, so that the utilization rate is not high; on the other hand, the plants are easy to produce physiological drought under the stress of soil saline-alkali. Therefore, the afforestation difficulty in coastal areas is high, the cost is high, particularly, the construction of coastal protection forests is influenced by a plurality of factors such as sea wind, sea fog, salt and alkali, water shortage, fine variety shortage and the like, the problems of difficult construction, difficult preservation, poor protection effect, slow growth of tree species, short service life, poor stress resistance and the like are faced, particularly, the shortage of tree species with strong stress resistance and wide growth range becomes a bottleneck for restricting the construction of coastal protection forests.
The water-saving irrigation technology can be roughly divided into a water-saving irrigation engineering technology and a water-saving irrigation agricultural technology. However, the inventor researches and finds that the prior art has the following problems: (1) the existing water-saving irrigation engineering technology mostly needs complicated engineering construction, and has long engineering period, large engineering quantity and high cost. (2) The water-saving irrigation agricultural technology is mainly aimed at specific regions and crops, and the application range is narrow. (3) The prior art only singly researches how to improve the survival rate by cuttage or how to save water and carry out efficient afforestation, but the overall survival rate and the afforestation effect of tree species are not good enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of long construction time, high cost, lack of universality of agricultural technology for water-saving irrigation and low cuttage effect and survival rate of the traditional punching method in the prior art, the invention provides a novel water-saving irrigation forestation method, and the inventor researches show that the cuttage method and the punching method have certain relevance and are matched for water-saving irrigation forestation, and the water consumption of the cuttage method and the punching method is 450-3/hm2Compared with the traditional method of 1/720-1/360, the water consumption is not only greatly saving fresh water resources, improving the water utilization rate and reducing the afforestation cost, but also greatly reducing the afforestation time on the premise of ensuring the survival rate and the preservation rate.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the invention, a water-saving irrigation forestation method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the first process step: selecting tree species, forestation land and forestation time;
and a second step: preparing cutting slips, selecting seed strips and preparing the cutting slips;
and a third step of: soaking the cutting slips and cutting;
step four: and (3) punching the cuttings on the sandy soil by using a high-pressure water gun and directly cutting the cuttings for afforestation.
In a second aspect of the invention, the application of the water-saving irrigation forestation method in the field of water-saving irrigation forestation is provided.
One or more embodiments of the present invention have the following advantageous effects:
1) in the prior art, only one research is carried out on how to improve the cuttage parameters of sandy land or coastal areas or how to save water for irrigation, so that the survival rate is improved or the water consumption is reduced, but only one survival rate or water saving effect can be realized. The inventor researches the cuttage and the water-saving process and finds that the method for directly cutting the cuttings for afforestation after punching holes on sandy soil by using a high-pressure water gun effectively improves the survival rate and the preservation rate of afforestation, improves the afforestation efficiency and realizes water-saving irrigation by selecting a proper cuttage method.
2) The survival rate of the coastal afforestation is more than 85 percentThe method is successful, the water-saving irrigation forestation method is used for building the protective forest in the seawall planting base, the average forestation survival rate is 92 percent, the preservation rate is 86 percent, and the water consumption is 1.25m3/hm2The afforestation time is 3h/667m2(iv) human.
3) The invention selects the seed strips with the age of 1-2 years, the base diameter of more than 0.8cm and the small-end diameter of more than 0.5cm for afforestation, the regeneration capacity of the seed strips growing for 1-2 years is higher than that of the branches growing for more than 2 years, the limitation on the minimum value of the diameter of the seed strips is that the regeneration capacity is higher when the diameter is larger and the rooting rate of the cuttage is obviously reduced when the seed strips are too thin in consideration of the rooting and sprouting capacities of the seed strips. According to the invention, practical researches show that the cutting afforestation selects the seed strips with the strip age of 1-2 years, the base diameter of more than 0.8cm and the small-end diameter of more than 0.5cm, and has no diseases and insect pests, the afforestation survival rate is high, the application rate of the scion strips is high, and the cost is low.
4) According to the method, the cutting is cut into the cuttings with the length of 18-20 cm, the cuttings are soaked in clear water for 1-3 d, water is changed every 12h, and the cuttings are cut in time after water is discharged. Compared with the method of soaking the cutting slips of 10-15cm in clear water for 2-3 days and changing water once within 6-8 hours, the size and the soaking time of the cutting slips can improve the survival rate of forestation by 8-10%.
5) The sand around the insertion hole is flushed into the gap by using the water gun, so that the cutting slips and the wet soil are tightly combined, the rapid evaporation of water in the insertion hole can be prevented, and the water retention and the survival of the seedlings after cutting are facilitated. The length and the insertion depth of the high-pressure water gun are designed, so that the high-pressure water gun can be matched with the length of the cutting slips, most of the cutting slips are positioned below sandy soil, surrounding moisture is absorbed, and meanwhile, the cutting slips exposed on the surface of the sandy soil are used for respiration.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high-pressure water gun used in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein: 1. handle, 2, rifle bar, 3, support piece, 4, water pipe, 5, moving part, 6, locating part, 7, fastener.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the prior art, large-scale water-saving irrigation engineering is long in construction time and high in cost, the water-saving irrigation agricultural technology is lack of universality, the traditional punching method is low in cuttage effect and survival rate, and in order to solve the problems, the invention provides a novel water-saving irrigation forestation method3/hm2Compared with the traditional method of 1/720-1/360, the water consumption is not only greatly saving fresh water resources, improving the water utilization rate and reducing the afforestation cost, but also greatly reducing the afforestation time on the premise of ensuring the survival rate and the preservation rate.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the invention, a water-saving irrigation forestation method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the first process step: selecting tree species, forestation land and forestation time;
and a second step: preparing cutting slips, selecting seed strips and preparing the cutting slips;
and a third step of: soaking the cutting slips and cutting;
step four: and (3) punching the cuttings on the sandy soil by using a high-pressure water gun and directly cutting the cuttings for afforestation.
The cutting is cutting material, and is used for cutting small-segment branches with mature leaves (mother leaves) and robust leaf buds.
Unlike city greening, the coastal saline-affected area is directly or indirectly affected by sea water or sea tide, and is affected by ocean warm and humid air flow, and the ocean climate is obvious. The farther the seaside area is from the sea, the deeper the groundwater is buried. The salinity of underground water is generally higher than that of seawater, and the underground water is about 120-150g/L (maximum of 250 g/L) near the sea because of the influence of evaporation concentration such as sea tide attack and frequent seawater supply. The chemical composition of the underground water is mainly NaCI and Cl-About 80-90% of total anions, SO4 2-Second, HCO3 -And CO3 2-The content is minimum.
It is therefore necessary to select suitable tree species for planting, selected from tamarisk, preferably tamarisk chinensis and tamarisk camarax.
Tamarix chinensis is favored in river alluvial plains, seashore, beaches, wet saline-alkali lands and sandy wastelands. It is resistant to high temperatures and cold; are of the Hippocampus variety and are not shade-tolerant. Can resist burning sun and solarization, dry and wet, wind and alkaline earth, and can grow on heavy salt alkali land with salt content of 1%. Deep root, the main side root is developed, the main root usually extends to the underground water layer, the deepest can reach more than 10m, the germination capacity is strong, and the pruning and cutting resistance is realized.
However, the conventional method for cutting tamarix chinensis has many problems, for example, the survival rate is low due to high water consumption during cutting, time and labor are wasted, the length of the cutting shoot is too short, the length of the cutting shoot is too long, and the difficulty of punching is increased, that is, the prior art cannot balance the cutting efficiency, survival rate and water consumption of the tree species.
Preferably, the salt content of the soil of the forestation land is generally required to be less than 1.0 percent of chloride saline soil, the pH value of the soil is less than 8.5, and the soil texture of the forestation land is sandy soil.
The chloride content affects the water and nutrient absorption of tree species, and the pH affects the acid-base balance in the plant body. The chloride content is too high, is unfavorable for the tree species to draw moisture and nutrient, and pH is too high to lead to the in vivo microenvironment of tree species to change, leads to unable normal metabolic process, and then influences the survival rate and the save rate of tree species.
Preferably, the afforestation time is before tree species sprout in spring.
In spring afforestation is generally carried out in 3 months, the transpiration effect of the tree body is low in the period, the air temperature rises again, tree sap flows, the regeneration capacity of the root system of the tree is vigorous, the tree can heal and germinate quickly, and the rooting and sprouting of the nursery stock are facilitated. In spring, the forestation should be started immediately after the soil is frozen, and stopped after the seedlings sprout. The purpose of afforestation before germination is selected to enable the tree species to adapt to the environment after cuttage, if cuttage is carried out after germination, the germination process needs a large amount of nutrients and water for growth, the tree species needs a certain time to adapt to a new growth environment, the efficiency of absorbing water and nutrients is not matched with the demand, and the survival rate is reduced.
The minimum value of the diameter of the seed stick influences the rooting and germination capacity of the seed stick, the regeneration capacity is higher when the diameter is larger, and the rooting rate of the cutting when the seed stick is too thin is obviously reduced. According to the invention, practical researches show that the cutting afforestation selects the seed strips with the strip age of 1-2 years, the base diameter of more than 0.8cm and the small-end diameter of more than 0.5cm, and has no diseases and insect pests, the afforestation survival rate is high, the application rate of the scion strips is high, and the cost is low.
When direct cutting afforestation is carried out on coastal saline-alkali soil, the environmental conditions are very severe, and cutting seedlings face multiple stresses of sea wind, sea fog, salt and alkali and the like, so cutting is carried out by cutting slips with the length of 18-20 cm, the soaking time is 1-3 days, water is changed once every 12h, and the rooting rate is higher. Compared with the method of soaking the cutting slips of 10-15cm in clear water for 2-3 days and changing water once within 6-8 hours, the size and the soaking time of the cutting slips can improve the survival rate of forestation by 8-10%.
The invention provides a high-pressure water gun for a water-saving irrigation forestation method, which comprises the following steps: handle and barral of a gun, the handle passes through support piece and is connected with the barral of a gun, and support piece still is equipped with the moving part, and the barral of a gun is close to one side of support piece and is equipped with the locating part, and the water pipe is connected with the handle.
The supporting piece is coaxial with the gun rod, the handle is fixedly connected with the supporting piece, the included angle is 100 degrees and 150 degrees, and the end part of the handle is far away from the end part of the gun rod. When the punching machine is used, the handle is held by the palm, the use habit is met due to the fact that the handle and the supporting piece form a certain angle, and when force is exerted, a part of component force on the handle can be directly used for downward punching.
If the handle is perpendicular to the support member, the palm grips the handle in order to punch the hole downward, the downward force comes entirely from the contact point of the handle and the support member, and the handle and the support member are easily detached.
The moving part is arranged on the supporting part, the palm is arranged on the handle by taking the contact point as the center, and the fingers control the moving part to control the water flow to be switched on and off. When the moving piece is perpendicular to the supporting piece, water flow stops, and when the moving piece and the supporting piece form an included angle, the water flow flows out.
One side of the gun rod close to the supporting piece is provided with a limiting piece for controlling the punching depth.
In order to better fix the support and the gun rod, a fastener is also arranged between the support and the gun rod, and the fastener is preferably a screw fastener.
Preferably, the length of the gun rod is 40-50cm, and the caliber is 0.5-2cm, preferably the length of the gun rod is 50cm, and the caliber is 1 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the limiting piece and the tail end of the gun rod is 15 cm.
The waterwheel is provided with a water pump, the water pump is connected with a water diversion port, and the water diversion port is connected with a water pipe. The water truck matched with the high-pressure water gun can solve the problem of fresh water irrigation after forestation of coastal saline-alkali sandy soil. Because of the high salinity of underground water in coastal saline-alkali areas, underground water cannot be used for irrigation. Meanwhile, fresh water resources are lacked, and for saving water resources, the irrigation system can only be irrigated by fresh water in gardens, so that fresh water is loaded and transported by using a waterwheel, and fresh water irrigation is carried out while punching, so that the irrigation system is quick and labor-saving, saves pipelines and water, and saves cost.
Preferably, the water pump of a waterwheel can be connected with two water diversion ports, and each water diversion port is connected with two water pipes, namely 4 groups of the waterwheel are simultaneously inserted, and 60-80 cuttings per minute are inserted, so that the afforestation time is effectively accelerated, and the manpower is saved.
The flow rate of the water pump is 50-60L/min, the pressure is 1.5-3.5Mpa, and the rotating speed is 1200-1400 r/min.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a method for cutting cuttings and performing direct cutting afforestation on sandy soil by using a high pressure water gun includes: connecting a high-pressure water gun with a water wheel, punching, cutting and sealing.
Firstly, the high-pressure water gun is used for punching and irrigating, the traditional method of 'digging holes firstly, then planting and watering later' is changed into 'punching holes firstly, irrigating simultaneously and planting finally', punching and irrigating are completed simultaneously, punching is time-saving and labor-saving by means of the pressure of the water gun, 4 groups of water trucks are used for cuttage simultaneously, and 60-80 cuttings per minute are used, so that the afforestation time is effectively accelerated, and the manpower is saved. Secondly, the high-pressure water gun is matched with a waterwheel, and the waterwheel follows the personnel during operation, so that the operators do not need to drag heavy water pipes, and only a hose with the inner diameter of 3-5 meters and 1cm is needed during operation, thereby being convenient to move and improving the efficiency. Thirdly, a high-pressure water gun is used for punching and irrigating, the water consumption is low, the water consumption for planting 1 cutting shoot is 250g on average, and the planting is 1hm according to the planting row spacing of 1m multiplied by 2m2(5000 plants) Water for Fengshan 1.25m3The water consumption for irrigation is 450-3/hm2Compared with the traditional method, the water consumption is 1/720-1/360, the fresh water resource is greatly saved, the water utilization rate is improved, and the afforestation cost is reduced. And finally, flushing sand and soil around the insertion holes into the gaps by using a water gun to tightly combine the cuttings with the wet soil. By the method, water in the jacks can be prevented from evaporating rapidly, the water retention and the survival of the seedlings after cuttage are facilitated, the cutting shoots are promoted to take root and sprout, and the survival rate can reach 92%.
The punching comprises the steps of punching a film by using a high-pressure water gun, and then pressing water to punch sand, wherein the hole depth is 15 cm. The cuttage comprises the steps of directly cutting the cutting slips and completely inserting the cutting slips into soil; the sealing comprises the step of using a high-pressure water gun to flush sand and soil around the insertion hole into the gap, so that the cutting is tightly combined with wet soil, and the evaporation of water is avoided.
The cuttage density is 1m of plant row spacingX 2m to 1m x 4m, 2500-5000 strains/hm2。
The water-saving irrigation forestation method also comprises post-forestation management, and comprises the following steps: timely picking buds and pruning and shaping after the cutting shoots sprout;
the bud picking is also called as bud breaking, and the bud is very tender and crisp and can be removed by slightly wiping with hands, so the bud picking is called as bud picking or bud breaking. The bud picking has the advantages that: the tree nutrition is concentrated, so that the remained buds can obtain sufficient nutrition and grow better.
Preferably, timely sprouting after the cutting shoots sprout comprises the following steps: cultivating a cluster seedling, fixing 3-5 buds at one time, cultivating a single trunk seedling, reserving 2 buds during germination, and reserving only one bud when the growth reaches 5-10 cm.
Pruning is to cut and cut some organs (branches, leaves, flowers, etc.) of the tree to achieve the purposes of regulating growth, flowering and fructification; the shaping is to trim the branches of the trees and make the trees grow into specific shapes by means of shearing, sawing, bundling, tying and the like.
The pruning and shaping comprises 1-3 year old young trees, pruning and shaping are carried out in winter, shrubs or arbor forest stands are respectively cultured, when partial withered tips and hollow leaves in the crown of the adult trees occur, partial old branches need to be cut off or thinned alternately, and the tree vigor needs to be rejuvenated.
Pruning in winter, also called as dormant period (generally 12 months in the previous year to 2 months in the next year). It can also be performed in early spring to avoid the injury of wind-cold. The pruning in winter has great influence on the formation of crowns, the growth of branch tips, the formation of flower and fruit branches and the like of the ornamental trees. The phenomena of disordered tree forms, imbalance of branch proportion, weak tree vigor, dense branches and the like are easily caused when the trees are not pruned for a long time or are not pruned in time and are not in place, and the problem of pest and disease damage outbreak of the trees in the next year is seriously caused.
In a second aspect of the invention, the application of the water-saving irrigation forestation method in the field of water-saving irrigation forestation is provided.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Example 1
A water-saving irrigation method for tamarix chinensis forestation comprises the following steps:
1. selecting tree species: chinese tamarisk
2. Selecting a forestation area: the salt content of the soil generally requires 0.5-0.9% of chloride saline soil and the pH value of the soil is 8.0-8.4. The texture of the soil of the forestation land is sandy soil.
3. Forestation time: before germination in spring.
4, preparing cutting shoots: selecting seed strips which are 1-2 years old, have a base diameter of more than 0.8cm, have a small head diameter of more than 0.5cm and do not have diseases and insect pests. Cutting the cutting into cutting slips of 18-20 cm, grading according to the diameter, counting and bundling.
5, cutting and soaking: and (4) soaking the cut cutting slips in clear water for 1 day, changing water every 12 hours, and cutting in time after water is discharged.
6. The technical points of afforestation are as follows: a method for punching, cutting and direct-cutting forestation on sandy soil by applying an agricultural high-pressure water gun comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanical preparation: and a filling water truck is arranged to be connected with a water pump, the flow is 50L/min, the pressure is 1.5Mpa, and the rotating speed is 1200 r/min. The water pump is connected with two water diversion ports, each water diversion port is connected with 2 water pipes, and 4 groups of forestation can be carried out by one machine. 4 end-to-end connection high pressure squirts of water pipe, the squirt divide into handle 1 and 2 two parts of barral of a gun, and handle 1 is connected to water pipe 4, and handle 1 is connected on support piece 3 with moving part 5, and handle 1 and moving part 5 control go out water, and support piece 3 passes through fastener 7 to be connected with barral of a gun 2, 2 long 50cm of barral of a gun, bore 1cm sets up the locating part 6 of perpendicular to barral of a gun in 2 terminal 15cm departments of barral of a gun for the control hole is dark.
(2) Punching: and (3) perforating the film by using a high-pressure water gun, and then, pressing water to perforate sandy soil, wherein the depth of the hole is 15 cm.
(3) Cuttage: and (4) directly inserting the cutting slips into the soil completely.
(4) And (3) sealing: and finally, flushing sand and soil around the insertion holes into the gaps by using a water gun to tightly combine the cutting with the wet soil.
(5) Density: the row spacing of the plants is 1m multiplied by 2m, 5000 plants/hm2。
7. Managing after forestation:
(1) timely picking buds after the cutting shoots sprout. Cultivating the clustered seedlings, and fixing 3-5 buds at one time. And (3) cultivating the single-trunk nursery stock, reserving 2 buds when the single-trunk nursery stock sprouts, and reserving only one bud when the single-trunk nursery stock grows to 5-10 cm.
(2) And (3) pruning and shaping the young trees growing for 1-3 years in winter, and respectively culturing shrubs or arbor forest stands. When the adult trees have partial withered tips and hollow leaves in the inner bore of the crown, partial old branches need to be cut off or thinned alternately, and the tree vigor needs to be rejuvenated.
The survival rate of the tree is equal to the number of the survival trees/total number multiplied by 100% (counted after 3 months of planting).
The preservation rate of the trees is equal to the number of the surviving trees/total number multiplied by 100% (counted 1 year after planting).
In the period from 4 months in 2019 to 4 months in 2020, the method is used for building the shelter forest by the water-saving irrigation Tamarix chinensis forest-making method in the Weifang coastal new area sea dike planting base of the Shandong Tamarix chinensis ecological technology Limited company. According to the method disclosed by the application, the growth height of annual afforestation seedlings is 1-1.5m, and the average afforestation survival rate is 92%.
The afforestation technical points of the traditional method are as follows: adopting direct-cutting afforestation
(1) Land preparation: deeply cultivating and finely ridging the land, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1-1.2 m.
(2) Cuttage: firstly, a wood stick is used for punching, then cuttage is carried out, the cuttage depth is slightly larger than the punching depth, and the cutting slips are exposed out of the soil by 2 cm.
(3) And (3) sealing: and sealing gaps between the cutting slips and the soil after cutting.
(4) And (3) irrigation: irrigating by adopting sprinkling irrigation, and keeping the soil moist after cuttage. The water consumption is about 450-3/hm2。
(5) Density: 1m × 1m, 10000 strains/hm2。
TABLE 1 comparison of the forestation effect of example 1 and the conventional method
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
and (3) cutting and soaking: and (3) soaking the cut cutting slips in clear water for 3 days, changing water every 12 hours, cutting in time after water is discharged, and the rest conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The soaking time is long, the cutting shoots absorb water more fully, the survival rate is improved, the survival rate of the protection forest planted by using the embodiment is 93%, and the preservation rate is 84%.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: the plant row spacing was 1 m.times.3 m, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
The plant row spacing is wide, the nutrient and water distribution of tree seeds in sandy soil is facilitated to be optimized, malignant competition is avoided, the survival rate of the shelter forest planted by the method is 93%, and the preservation rate is 86%.
EXAMPLE 4
The difference from example 1 is that: the flow rate of the water pump was 60L/min, the pressure was 3.5MPa, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
The water pump flow is big, and pressure is big, helps making deeper hole to inject more ground water in the hole, help improving the survival rate and the save rate of tree species, the protection forest survival rate of using this embodiment to plant is 93%, and the save rate is 87%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that:
and (3) cutting and soaking: and (3) soaking the cut cutting slips in clear water for 3 days, changing water every 24 hours, cutting in time after water is discharged, and the rest conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the cutting soaking time is long, the water changing interval time is long in the comparative example 1, the cutting is not beneficial to respiration, and the survival rate of the protection forest planted by the embodiment is low and is only 85%.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
the row spacing was 2 m.times.3 m, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 2 has larger row spacing, is helpful for absorbing water and nutrients and reducing competition, but leads the tree to have shallower root because of lack of competition, and can not effectively resist the damage of wind to the tree, so that the conservation rate of the shelter forest planted by the embodiment is low, and is only 80%.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: a filling water wheel is arranged to be connected with a water pump, the flow is 40L/min, the pressure is 1.0Mpa, and the rest conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the water pump and the water pipe of the comparative example 3 have low flow and low pressure, are not beneficial to puncturing sandy soil to form holes, or have shallow depth of the formed holes and less water infiltration amount in the sandy soil, so that the trees cannot obtain enough moisture or grip force before and after being inserted, and the survival rate of the protection forest planted by using the embodiment is low and is only 83 percent.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water-saving irrigation forestation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first process step: selecting tree species, forestation land and forestation time;
and a second step: preparing cutting slips, selecting seed strips and preparing the cutting slips;
and a third step of: soaking the cutting slips and cutting;
step four: and (3) punching the cuttings on the sandy soil by using a high-pressure water gun and directly cutting the cuttings for afforestation.
2. A water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 1, wherein said species of trees are selected from the group consisting of tamarisk, preferably chinese tamarisk and tamarisk camarax camarangensis;
preferably, the salt content of the soil of the forestation land generally requires that the chloride saline soil is less than 1.0 percent, and the pH value of the soil is less than 8.5;
preferably, the afforestation time is before tree species sprout in spring.
3. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 1, wherein the method for selecting the seed strips is to select seed strips which are 1-2 years old, have a base diameter of more than 0.8cm, have a small-head diameter of more than 0.5cm and are free from diseases and insect pests;
preferably, the step of making the cutting slips comprises the steps of cutting the seed strips into 18-20 cm cutting slips, grading according to the diameter, counting and bundling;
preferably, the soaking time is 1-3 days, and the water is changed every 12 hours.
4. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure water gun comprises: the handle is connected with the gun rod through a support piece, the support piece is also provided with a moving piece, one side of the gun rod, which is close to the support piece, is provided with a limiting piece, and the water pipe is connected with the handle;
preferably, a fastener is further arranged between the support and the gun rod, and the fastener is preferably a screw fastener;
preferably, the length of the gun rod is 40-50cm, the caliber is 0.5-2cm, preferably the length of the gun rod is 50cm, and the caliber is 1 cm;
preferably, the distance between the limiting piece and the tail end of the gun rod is 15 cm.
5. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure water gun is connected with a waterwheel in a way that: the waterwheel is provided with a water pump, the water pump is connected with a water diversion port, and the water diversion port is connected with a water pipe;
preferably, the water pump of one waterwheel can be connected with two water diversion ports, and each water diversion port is connected with two water pipes.
6. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 1, wherein the method for punching the cuttings on the sandy soil and directly cutting the cuttings by using the high-pressure water gun comprises the following steps of: connecting a high-pressure water gun with a water wheel, punching, cutting and sealing.
7. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 6, wherein the punching comprises punching a thin film by using a high-pressure water gun, and then punching sandy soil by using pressurized water, wherein the hole depth is 15 cm;
preferably, the cutting comprises the steps of directly cutting the cutting slips, and completely inserting the cutting slips into the soil;
preferably, the sealing comprises using a high-pressure water gun to flush sand and soil around the insertion hole into the gap, so that the cutting is tightly combined with the wet soil.
8. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 6, wherein the cuttage density is 1m x 2m to 1m x 4m of plant row spacing and 2500-5000 plants/hm2。
9. The water-saving irrigation forestation method according to claim 1, further comprising post-forestation management comprising: timely picking buds and pruning and shaping after the cutting shoots sprout;
preferably, timely sprouting after the cutting shoots sprout comprises the following steps: cultivating a cluster seedling, fixing 3-5 buds at one time, cultivating a single trunk seedling, reserving 2 buds during germination, and reserving only one bud when the growth reaches 5-10 cm;
preferably, the pruning and shaping include 1-3 year old young trees, pruning and shaping are carried out in winter, shrub or arbor forest stands are respectively cultured, and when partial withered tips and hollow leaves in the crown of the adult trees appear, partial old branches need to be cut off or thinned alternately, and the tree vigor needs to be rejuvenated.
10. Use of the water-saving irrigation forestation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the field of water-saving irrigation forestation.
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