CN103222409B - A kind of salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method - Google Patents
A kind of salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103222409B CN103222409B CN201310129141.9A CN201310129141A CN103222409B CN 103222409 B CN103222409 B CN 103222409B CN 201310129141 A CN201310129141 A CN 201310129141A CN 103222409 B CN103222409 B CN 103222409B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method, step is: 1) select cutting: select to generate material salix monogolica in straight 2 ~ 3 years slender, be cut into the cutting that length is 105 ~ 115cm; 2) soak: be soaked in water 4 ~ 6 days, between soak period, water did not have cutting top; 3) dig cave to plant: dig cave at planting-site, cutting of planting, when planting, cutting exposed height is 10cm, waters simultaneously.Method of the present invention can utilize sand dune to wet sand bed moisture preferably, increases Salix Psammophila and builds the ability that initial stage weather-proof sand buries harm, and avoid the newborn twig of cutting to be subject to burning of top layer, sand dune high temperature sandy soil, survival rate is high, and slender upgrowth situation is good simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method.
Background technology
Salix monogolica is a kind of machaka or the dungarunga of Salicaceae Salix, and Gao Keda 2 ~ 4 meters, the life-span is generally in 20 ~ 30 years.Salix monogolica, as the first-selected seeds of arid biogeographic zone especially afforestation in sandy land, has weather-proof, and resistance to sand buries, and planting by cuttings primary growth is rapid, the features such as rudiment power is strong.No matter be the salix monogolica pure forest planted separately, or the mixed forest of arranging in pairs or groups with other seeds, salix monogolica all plays its irreplaceable effect with its excellent physio-ecology characterristics at growing area.
One of important biological economy resource of salix monogolica or its area, place; In recent years, growth and development along with correlative study utilizes the progress of technology, salix monogolica significantly promotes at the economic use value of its area, both can be used as fuel, it is again the important source material of braiding, papermaking, wood-based plate and bioenergy, the Industry plantation seeds that Shi Sha district is important, have good economic benefit.
Along with the increasingly mature of salix monogolica afforestation technology and the extensive popularization of various places salix monogolica afforestation successful experience, different salix monogolica new technique of afforestation also arises at the historic moment, and wherein Liu Zaolin is planted in water punching is a kind of new technology.Form tree well by the scouring force of water, not only can reduce labour intensity, but also pouring sapling operation thereafter can be saved, the survival rate of cutting can be improved significantly, particularly in sand district, Be very effective, this technology is also that comparatively set cutting forset-plantation provides precondition.
Due to Desert Area noon and afternoon surface sandy soil temperature high, burn seriously to salix monogolica sprouting, to bury situation serious for wind erosion sand in addition, the salix monogolica afforestation collocation method that neither one is appropriate, can affect salix monogolica survival rate, or it is poor to cause surviving rear upgrowth situation, even dead.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior, the present invention is studying the technical key point of reasonable salix monogolica afforestation and after lot of experiments, is studying a kind of salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method summing up and improve salix monogolica survival rate.
Salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method provided by the invention, step is: 1) select cutting: select to generate material salix monogolica in straight 2 ~ 3 years slender, be cut into the cutting that length is 105 ~ 115cm; 2) soak: be soaked in water 4 ~ 6 days, between soak period, water did not have cutting top; 3) dig cave to plant: dig cave at planting-site, cutting of planting, when planting, cutting exposed height is 10cm, waters simultaneously.Afforestation Time multiselect is in spring.
The slender optimum of 2 ~ 3 years is planted as cutting, and its degree of lignification that the age of tree is large is again higher, and cuttage survival rate can reduce.The salix monogolica cutting that in current production, many employings 50 ~ 70cm is long is afforested, generally can not more than 100cm, research of the present invention shows, cutting length is more than 105cm, and its survival rate and growing state are all good than the cutting of below 100cm, but the cutting of more than 115cm, although the cutting difference of afforestation effect and 105 ~ 115cm is little, but plant hourly water consumption and time of planting obviously increase, and are unfavorable for extensive operation, therefore select the cutting of 105 ~ 115cm comparatively suitable.Prior art shows, rooting powder solution or water soaking cutting can improve salix monogolica survival rate in various degree, but all adopt the mode that complete stool is soaked, research of the present invention shows, exposed on cutting top in atmosphere and only by the part immersion below top, its planting survival rate and growing state are better than the cutting of complete stool immersion more.
Preferably, described cutting length is 110cm.The overall afforestation effect of the salix monogolica cutting of this length is best.
Preferably, cutting soak time is 5 days.During current commercial planting salix monogolica, usual cutting soak time is in 24 ~ 48h(1 ~ 2 day) in scope, soak time is shorter, cutting water suction is insufficient, owing to only watering a water when cuttage, later stage substantially no longer carries out manual watering, causes cutting field dehydration when also not growing enough adventive root more serious.Such as, but long soaking time, more than 7 days, then can, in the immersion part breed bacteria of cutting, cause tissue to rot, blocking cutting inner hydrophobic conduit, be unfavorable for later stage cutting forset-plantation more.Therefore comprehensive two aspect factors, the present invention show that best soak time is 5 days.
Preferably, cutting immersion way is vertical type, and 2/3 of cutting length is soaked in water.
Preferably, method for planting is that one plant per hole is planted.Compared to each hole of planting (cave) cuttage simultaneously many strains cutting, the method for planting of one plant per hole not only can improve slender survival rate, also saves large quantities of cutting, and then reduces costs.
Preferably, planting density is 1m × 1m.The planting density equidistantly larger with 2m × 4m with 2m × 2m, 2m × 3m is compared, and under the density of 1m × 1m, salix monogolica innovation is the longest, and survival rate is the highest.
Preferably, digging cave described in is adopt water jetting punching to dig cave.Water jetting utilizes the impulsive force of pressure water stream to get the hole of appropriate depth at planting-site, pour water in hole, directly cutting being inserted in the hole, it is real to bury with the sandy soil of surrounding again, and whole process is coherent uninterrupted simultaneously, save the amount of labour, water source also can not be caused to lose simultaneously.
Preferably, salix monogolica first lays mixing sand-protecting barrier at planting-site before planting, mixing sand-protecting barrier is formed by low vertical sand barrier and the laying of checked sand hinder straws intersection, described low vertical sand barrier inserts in planting-site by the arrangement of salix monogolica rod the latticed sand-protecting barrier formed, and described checked sand hinder straws intersects by wheat straw the latticed sand-protecting barrier be laid to.
Preferably, described salix monogolica rod length is 40cm, and the grid of low vertical sand barrier is 1.5m × 3m, is highly 15cm; The grid of checked sand hinder straws is 2m × 2m.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention solves following key issue preferably: the method selects cutting length to be 105 ~ 115cm, and sand dune can be utilized preferably to wet sand bed moisture; Cutting exposed height, at 10cm, can increase Salix Psammophila and build the ability that initial stage weather-proof sand buries harm, avoids the newborn twig of cutting to be subject to burning of top layer, sand dune high temperature sandy soil simultaneously; Before planting, first part soaks cutting, and water degree is taken in the cutting of building needed for Salix Psammophila.Method of the present invention is simple to operate, economy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that salix monogolica afforestation lays floor map, and wherein S is column pitch, and L is line space;
Fig. 2 is that on sand dune, salix monogolica afforestation lays elevational schematic view, and wherein h is salix monogolica cutting exposed height, and H is cutting total length;
Fig. 3 is salix monogolica cutting immersion way schematic diagram, and wherein L represents the length of cutting;
Fig. 4 is the schematic layout pattern of salix monogolica of planting after mixing sand-protecting barrier is laid, and wherein solid line grid is checked sand hinder straws, and grid of dashed lines is low vertical sand barrier.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and to make those skilled in the art the present invention may be better understood and can be implemented, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
Do a large amount of active dune in April, 2011 in its desert of cloth, storehouse, Erdos and build Salix Psammophila experiment, specific as follows:
Before spring afforestation, fell the salix monogolica bar of becoming a useful person that life in 2 ~ 3 years, slender health are straight, and salix monogolica bar is cut into the cutting of suitable length.
By the cutting cut, every 100 a bundle bundlings, uprightly put into tank or pond immersion (see Fig. 3), after cutting is soaked, with water jetting punching, cuttage is planted salix monogolica, builds Salix Psammophila (as shown in Figure 1, 2, in Fig. 2, h is salix monogolica cutting exposed height, and H is cutting total length; In Fig. 3, L represents the length of cutting).Water jetting utilizes pressure water stream to be injected in planting-site, forms the hole of planting with certain depth, then salix monogolica cutting inserted and plant in hole, and real by surrounding sandy soil landfill envelope.In mid-August, 2012 adds up cultivation experiment result, and uses the account form of mean value to embody.
1. cutting exposed height when planting
When planting, different cuttings exposed height on the ground survives salix monogolica and sprout tillers grows and has a certain impact, and selects exposed height entirely to bury from 0cm() test to the gradient scope of 15cm.Except exposed height, all the other conditions are all identical.The long 105cm of cutting, complete stool is soaked, soak time 6 days, and water jetting punching is dug cave and planted, planting density 2m × 2m, each planting hole cuttage two root cutting.Result is as shown in table 1, and when cutting exposes 10cm and 15cm, survival rate is all higher, but the upgrowth situation exposing 10cm is best, in general, selects to expose 10cm optimum salix monogolica and survives and grow.
The impact that table 1 exposed height grows salix monogolica
| Cutting exposed height (cm) | Innovation long (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Hat width (cm) | Plant height (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Survival rate (%) |
| 0 | 55.67 | 2.18 | 58.88 | 88.18 | 10.29 | 77.86% |
| 5 | 54.54 | 2.20 | 67.57 | 86.5 | 10.93 | 80.60% |
| 10 | 62.33 | 2.34 | 67.62 | 92.47 | 12.34 | 81.83% |
| 15 | 51.84 | 2.06 | 64.9 | 81.63 | 11.5 | 81.89% |
2. cutting length
Different cutting length survives salix monogolica and sprout tillers grows has a certain impact, and therefore, inventor has carried out cultivation experiment to the salix monogolica cutting in 60 ~ 150cm length range, and except cutting length, all the other conditions are all identical.Cutting complete stool is soaked, soak time 4 days, and water jetting punching is dug cave and planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is on the ground 10cm, planting density 2m × 2m, each planting hole cuttage 1 root cutting.Result is as shown in table 2.Result shows: the cutting survival rate of 110cm length is the highest, and growing state is better than 100cm and following cutting, and optimum salix monogolica survives and grows.
The impact that table 2 cutting length grows salix monogolica
| Cutting length (mm) | Innovation long (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Hat width (cm) | Plant height (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Survival rate (%) |
| 60 | 55.8 | 2.2 | 66.72 | 83.05 | 5.67 | 70.41 |
| 70 | 60.38 | 2.34 | 67.33 | 92.85 | 6.37 | 74.79 |
| 80 | 72.63 | 2.7 | 72.51 | 99.57 | 6.65 | 78.94 |
| 90 | 75.71 | 2.71 | 77.48 | 104.49 | 6.76 | 82.09 |
| 100 | 78.11 | 2.78 | 78.57 | 105.79 | 7.11 | 83.66 |
| 110 | 83.1 | 2.91 | 92.85 | 112.74 | 8.48 | 86.03 |
Inventor has also done the impact test that grows salix monogolica of cutting of 115cm, 120cm, 130 cm, 140 cm, 150 cm, five kinds of length, result shows: the salix monogolica survival rate and growth situation of above-mentioned five kinds of cutting length and the salix monogolica of the long 110cm of cutting are more or less the same, but the salix monogolica individual plant of above-mentioned five kinds of cutting length is planted, time and water consumption of planting obviously are greater than the cutting of 6 kinds of length in table 1, consider, cutting length selects 110cm most suitable.
3. immersion way
Before afforestation, the immersion treatment of cutting survives salix monogolica and grows important impact, and therefore, inventor carries out cultivation experiment to the cutting that different modes soaks.Except processing mode difference, all the other conditions are all identical.The long 110cm of cutting, soak time 4 days, water jetting punching is dug cave and is planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is on the ground 10 cm, planting density 2m × 2m, each planting hole cuttage two root cutting.See table 3, wherein vertical immersion is that cutting is uprightly dipped in tank, and the degree of depth of water is 2/3 of cutting length, and 1/3 length on cutting top exposes in air.Horizontal soaks, and to be that cutting complete stool is flat sleeping put into water and soak.Result shows: before active dune build Salix Psammophila, and suitable cutting immersion way is that vertical type soaks.
The impact that table 3 immersion way grows salix monogolica
| Immersion way | Plant height (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Innovation long (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Hat width (cm) | Survival rate (%) |
| Without soaking | 123.12 | 3.75 | 95.02 | 9.13 | 83.82 | 80.2 |
| Vertical immersion | 142.86 | 4.65 | 110.03 | 10.34 | 88.26 | 89.65 |
| Horizontal soaks | 131.12 | 4.75 | 95.42 | 9.28 | 67.69 | 88.4 |
4. soak time
Except immersion way, before afforestation, the soak time of cutting survives salix monogolica and grows and also has important impact, and test cutting is soaked the different time by inventor respectively.Except soak time, all the other conditions are all identical.The long 110cm of cutting, vertical immersion, 1/3 length on cutting top exposes in air, and water jetting punching is dug cave and planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is on the ground 10 cm, planting density 2m × 2m, each planting hole cuttage two root cutting.Find finally to plant result slightly difference, result shows: before active dune build Salix Psammophila, and suitable cutting soak time is 5 days (d).
The impact that table 4 soak time grows salix monogolica
| Soak time (d) | Plant height (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Innovation long (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Hat width (cm) | Survival rate (%) |
| 0 | 113.18 | 3.38 | 86.15 | 9.48 | 74.88 | 80.2 |
| 3 | 132.21 | 3.89 | 99.61 | 9.35 | 81.01 | 85.73 |
| 5 | 137.16 | 5.71 | 102.2 | 9.22 | 76.56 | 90.83 |
| 7 | 124.88 | 4.24 | 94.96 | 9.49 | 75.27 | 87.71 |
5. planting density
Suitable planting density, surviving salix monogolica and having grown affects significantly, inventors performed the cultivation experiment of four groups of different planting densities.Except planting density, all the other conditions are all identical.The long 110cm of cutting, vertical immersion, 1/3 length on cutting top exposes in air, soak time 5 days, and water jetting punching is dug cave and planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is on the ground 10cm, each planting hole cuttage two root cutting.In table 5, result shows: the planting density optimum salix monogolica of 1m × 1m survives and grows.
The impact that table 5 planting density grows salix monogolica
| Planting density | Plant height (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Innovation long (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Hat width (cm) | Survival rate (%) |
| 1m×1m | 134.01 | 3.88 | 104.61 | 10.38 | 77.97 | 91.11 |
| 2m×2m | 133.15 | 3.79 | 98.96 | 9.65 | 78.11 | 89.76 |
| 2m×3m | 120.68 | 5.48 | 89.33 | 9.23 | 74.72 | 89.64 |
| 2m×4m | 127.82 | 4.55 | 95.04 | 9.43 | 74.68 | 87.65 |
6. cuttage mode
The cutting number of every cave cuttage survives salix monogolica and sprout tillers grows has a certain impact, and inventor has devised two groups of tests and carries out the research of planting hole cuttage cutting number.Except cuttage mode, all the other conditions are all identical.The long 110cm of cutting, vertical immersion, 1/3 length on cutting top exposes in air, soak time 5 days, and water jetting punching is dug cave and planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is on the ground 10cm, planting density 1m × 1m.Experimental result is as shown in table 6, and result shows: each planting hole cuttage one root cutting optimum salix monogolica survives and grows.
The impact that table 6 each planting hole cuttage branch number grows salix monogolica
| Innovation long (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Hat width (cm) | Plant height (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Survival rate (%) | |
| One plant per hole | 63.17 | 2.49 | 65.42 | 98.81 | 11.07 | 94.7 |
| The two strain in every cave | 57.03 | 2.15 | 62.46 | 86.76 | 6.08 | 89.86 |
7. lay sand-protecting barrier
Effectively the measure of checking winds and fixing drifting sand can reduce that wind erosion is husky buries the harm caused salix monogolica, survive salix monogolica and sprout tillers grows and has a certain impact, therefore, inventor has also carried out cultivation experiment at the planting-site being equipped with dissimilar sand-protecting barrier, except sand-protecting barrier type, other conditions are all identical.The long 110cm of cutting, vertical immersion, 1/3 length on cutting top exposes in air, soak time 5 days, and water jetting punching is dug cave and planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is on the ground 10cm, planting density 1m × 1m, each planting hole cuttage one root cutting.
Low vertical sand barrier adopts 40cm salix monogolica rod as material, and arrangement is inserted planting-site and formed latticed sand-protecting barrier, and sand-protecting barrier height is 15cm, and the specification of each grid of sand-protecting barrier is about 1.5m × 3m; Checked sand hinder straws adopts wheat straw as material, and will become the wheat straw cross arrangement of handle during laying, part sandy soil are pushed down fixing, forms the grid sand-protecting barrier that specification is 2m × 2m; Mixing sand-protecting barrier is the (see figure 4) of being laid by low vertical sand barrier and checked sand hinder straws intersection, wherein low vertical sand barrier adopts 40cm salix monogolica rod as material, and sand-protecting barrier height is 15cm, and sand-protecting barrier specification is 1.5m × 3m, checked sand hinder straws adopts wheat straw as material, and sand-protecting barrier specification is 2m × 2m.
Result shows: the lower salix monogolica survival rate of mixing sand-protecting barrier protection is the highest, and upgrowth situation is best, and the protection of mixing sand-protecting barrier is conducive to salix monogolica most and survives and grow, in table 7.
The protection of table 7 sand-protecting barrier is on the impact of salix monogolica growth
| Sand-protecting barrier type | Plant height (cm) | Newborn branch diameter (mm) | Innovation long (cm) | Branch number (individual) | Hat width (cm) | Survival rate (%) |
| Protect without sand-protecting barrier | 116.67 | 4.50 | 103.14 | 5.12 | 80.42 | 94.7 |
| Low vertical sand barrier | 127.75 | 4.95 | 107.25 | 7.34 | 95.57 | 95.2 |
| Checked sand hinder straws | 132.43 | 5.72 | 118.38 | 7.53 | 93.71 | 95.1 |
| Mixing sand-protecting barrier | 150.33 | 5.96 | 120.57 | 8.44 | 99.61 | 97.3 |
The above embodiment is only that protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto in order to absolutely prove the preferred embodiment that the present invention lifts.The equivalent alternative or conversion that those skilled in the art do on basis of the present invention, all within protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (2)
1. a salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method, is characterized in that, step is: 1) select cutting: select to generate material salix monogolica in straight 2 ~ 3 years slender, be cut into the cutting that length is 110cm; 2) soak: be soaked in water 5 days, between soak period, water did not have cutting top, and cutting immersion way is vertical type, 2/3 of cutting length is soaked in water; 3) dig cave to plant: dig cave at planting-site, cutting of planting, one plant per hole is planted, and when planting, cutting exposed height is 10cm, and planting density is 1m × 1m, waters simultaneously;
Salix monogolica first lays mixing sand-protecting barrier at planting-site before planting, mixing sand-protecting barrier is intersected by low vertical sand barrier and checked sand hinder straws to be laid, wherein low vertical sand barrier adopts 40cm salix monogolica rod as material, sand-protecting barrier height is 15cm, sand-protecting barrier specification is 1.5m × 3m, checked sand hinder straws adopts wheat straw as material, and sand-protecting barrier specification is 2m × 2m.
2. salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in dig cave be adopt water jetting punching dig cave.
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| CN104412885B (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2017-05-03 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | Moisture-carrying and planting method of salix psammophila |
| CN104938291A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-09-30 | 徐军 | Method for achieving waste mountain afforestation by using pine tree cutting seedlings |
| CN104652402A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-27 | 中国农业大学 | Composite sand-protecting barrier |
| CN107637368A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-01-30 | 阿拉善盟源辉林牧有限公司 | A kind of method for planting salix monogolica using desert micro-moisture, dust storm |
| CN108887055A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-27 | 内蒙古库布其沙漠技术研究院 | A kind of method of moving dunes windward slope afforestation |
| CN114402820A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-29 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Vegetation recovery method for loess area dump slope |
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