CN103004552B - Method for arranging snow drift prevention forests in arid regions of northwest China - Google Patents
Method for arranging snow drift prevention forests in arid regions of northwest China Download PDFInfo
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- CN103004552B CN103004552B CN201210553679.8A CN201210553679A CN103004552B CN 103004552 B CN103004552 B CN 103004552B CN 201210553679 A CN201210553679 A CN 201210553679A CN 103004552 B CN103004552 B CN 103004552B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for arranging snow drift prevention forests in arid regions of northwest China. The method for arranging the snow drift prevention forests in the arid regions of northwest China comprises an afforestation technical mode of the snow drift prevention forests combined with arbors and shrubs, wherein a zonal type afforestation arrangement combined with the arbors and the shrubs is adopted; each zone comprises two rows of the shrubs and four rows of the arbors; each two rows of the arbors are the same type arbors; the planting space of the arbors is 3*3m; the planting space of the shrubs is 1*2m; and the forest zone space is 30m; an afforestation technical mode of the snow drift prevention forests with the shrubs, wherein a two-row one-zone afforestation arrangement is adopted; two types of the shrubs are selected as afforestation species; the shrubs are arranged in a spacing and mixing way; the planting space is 1.0*1.5m; and the forest zone space is 10m; and an afforestation technical mode of the snow drift prevention forests with soil dressing is adopted, wherein a three-row one-zone afforestation arrangement is adopted; two types of the arbors are selected as afforestation species; the arbors are arranged in a spacing and mixing way; the planting space is 3*3m; and the forest zone space is 20m. Through the rational arrangement of the forest zone structure and the forest zone space, the wind energy of snow drift can be weakened; and in addition, the building of the snow drift prevention forests is simple, rapid and economical, and the protection time is long.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of snow-protection plantation configuring technical, relate in particular to a kind of Northwest arid district snow-protection plantation collocation method.
Background technology
NORTHWEST CHINA portion is located in innerland, Eurasia, generally be subject to the impact of Mongolia high and siberian anticyclone, winter cold very long, dry, wind-force is powerful, the accumulated snow phase is long, cause accumulated snow and wind snow disaster evil frequently occur winter, and cause serious loss directly to industry and traffic farming and animal husbandry and the people's lives and property.Along with the further enforcement of national strategy to develop western regions, the demand that some important economic infrastructures of west area and Towns need to be prevented and treated wind and snow disaster seems especially important.So build a kind of snow-protection plantation that configures reasonable configuration structure science, become a very important task, and there is very important strategic importance.In view of NORTHWEST CHINA arid area water and soil resources scarcity, can not be according to the construction shelter forest of conventional method large area, large density, and for large-area zone of protection, lay large-scale engineering measure also unrealistic, and cost is large, it is permanent that control efficiency is not so good as biological control measure benefit.Therefore be necessary to suit measures to local conditions, and on the basis that rationally utilizes water and soil resources, set up the low-density snow defence forest network of certain scale (band) system.
The safeguard procedures overwhelming majority of the snow disaster of control wind at present evil is engineering measure, and mostly only for important communications and transportation circuits such as highway and railways, pretective acreage is confined to " linear protection ".Although engineering measure can be played protective action faster, but also exist many drawbacks as: Financial cost is high, pretective acreage is little, it is loaded down with trivial details install to lay, late maintaining is difficult and effective protective time is short etc., can not meet the needs of some large area economic infrastructures and Towns control wind and snow disaster.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of simple and direct, quick, economy, the long Northwest arid district snow-protection plantation collocation method of guard time.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Northwest arid district of the present invention snow-protection plantation collocation method, comprises following three kinds of afforestation technology patterns:
Tall snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of filling with combination: adopt tall row belt afforestation configuration of filling with combination, every band comprises two row shrubs, 4 row arbors, every two row arbors are a class arbor, described shrub is placed in weather side, the seeding row spacing of described arbor is 3 * 3m, the seeding row spacing of described shrub is 1 * 2m, and distance between shelter strips is 30m;
Snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern: adopt two row one band afforestation configurations, selecting two kinds of shrubs is reproducting tree species, and every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 1.0 * 1.5m, and distance between shelter strips is 10m;
Snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern: adopt the afforestation configuration of three row one bands, selecting two kinds of arbors is reproducting tree species, and every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m, and distance between shelter strips is 20m.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the Northwest arid district snow-protection plantation collocation method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, owing to comprising that Qiao fills with three kinds of afforestation technology patterns such as the snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of combination, snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern, snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern, for wind and snow disaster source direction, by reasonable disposition forest belt structure and distance between shelter strips, weaken the wind energy of wind snow, weather side is avenged and is trapped in a large number between forest belt and forest belt, alleviate wind and snow harm, build that snow-protection plantation is simple and direct, quick, economy, guard time is long.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, schematic diagram is arranged in tall forest belt of filling with the snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of combination;
Fig. 2 is tall every belt construction schematic diagram of filling with the snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of combination in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is arranged in the forest belt of snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is every belt construction schematic diagram of snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that schematic diagram is arranged in the forest belt of snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is every belt construction schematic diagram of snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is arbor kind plant hole schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is Shrub Species plant hole schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
To be described in further detail the embodiment of the present invention below.
Northwest arid district of the present invention snow-protection plantation collocation method, its preferably embodiment be:
Comprise following three kinds of afforestation technology patterns:
Tall snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of filling with combination, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2: adopt tall row belt afforestation configuration of filling with combination, every band comprises two row shrubs, 4 row arbors, every two row arbors are a class arbor, described shrub is placed in weather side, the seeding row spacing of described arbor is 3 * 3m, and the seeding row spacing of described shrub is 1 * 2m, and distance between shelter strips is 30m;
Snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern, as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4: adopt two row one band afforestation configurations, selecting two kinds of shrubs is reproducting tree species, and every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 1.0 * 1.5m, and distance between shelter strips is 10m;
Snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern, as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6: adopt the afforestation configuration of three row one bands, selecting two kinds of arbors is reproducting tree species, and every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m, and distance between shelter strips is 20m.
The seeds that height is large, tree crown is narrower, root is dark in order to set for described arbor, be difficult for wind-fall, be difficult for windbreak, do directly, growth is rapid, have an economic benefit, the afforestation height of tree is not less than 3m, and in 4 row arbors, 2 row configure fast-growing poplars.
Described shrub is the seeds with stronger cold-resistant, drought resisting, high temperature resistance, disease and insect resistance, water-fast wet, Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability, and the afforestation height of tree is not less than 0.8m.
Land preparation mode is cave-shaped whole ground, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, arbor afforestation and soil preparation specification 60cm * 60cm * 60cm, shrub afforestation and soil preparation specification 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, adopts the configuration of " product " font.
According to soil types condition, determine afforestation technology pattern:
To the medium area on the upper side of land occupation condition, adopt described tall snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of filling with combination;
Very poor for land occupation condition, be located in the exposed area of shallow, the surperficial gravel cobble of waste beach soil layer, adopt described snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern;
To the barren waste beach of soil layer, adopt described snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern.
The present invention be in line with because evil is set up defences, is suited measures to local conditions, the principle of matching species with the site keep forest belt trend and take place frequently that to be harmful to wind direction vertical, take existing site type as prerequisite, by choose reasonable arbor, shrub species, giving full play to take " Qiao fills with combination " of building under the prerequisite of indigenous tree species, be the snow-protection plantation configuring technical of main space configuration mode.It is prerequisite that reproducting tree species select to take the adaptability of forest and stagnant snow, anti-snow performance, and the different collocation methods of logical shelter forest structure have been determined following several snow-protection plantation afforestation technology patterns:
A, tall snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of filling with combination: adopt tall row belt afforestation configuration of filling with combination, six row one bands, arbor 4 row, 2 behavior one class arbor species wherein, mixed configuration, shrub 2 row; Arbor forest belt is near downwind side, and seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m, and shrub forest belt is near weather side, and seeding row spacing is 1 * 2m, and distance between shelter strips is 30m.According to site type, adjust shrub seeds, better to land occupation condition, the area that has again certain view requirement along the main line of communication, the suitable selection tree of arbor height is large, tree crown is narrower, root is dark, dry straight, growth rapidly and the arbor species that possess certain landscape function replace mixed configuration, shrub is selected indigenous tree species; Medium or the area preferably to land occupation condition, the suitable selection of arbor tree height is large, dry straight, is difficult for wind-fall, windbreak, growth rapidly and the seeds that possess certain economic benefit replace mixed configuration, shrub is selected indigenous tree species; The area general to land occupation condition, arbor is selected fast-growing, easily survives, and easily the arbor species of breeding replace mixed configuration, and shrub is selected indigenous tree species.
B, very poor for indivedual land occupation conditions; be located in waste beach soil layer shallow; the exposed area of gravel cobble, surface, conventional arbor afforestation is substantially not all right, can only in the existing vegetation of protection, build spinney; select Indigenous Shrub Species seeds; adopt two row one band afforestation configurations, selecting two kinds of shrubs is reproducting tree species, every band mixed configuration; seeding row spacing is 1.0 * 1.5m, and distance between shelter strips is 10m.
C, the mode that can adopt soil moved in to improve the original to afforest to the barren waste beach of indivedual soil layers, choice of tree species strong stress resistance, growth rapidly, the arbor species of one's native land that easily breed, forest belt configuration adopts the afforestation configuration of three row one bands, and selecting two kinds of arbors is reproducting tree species, every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m,, distance between shelter strips is 20m.
Above three kinds of snow-protection plantation collocation methods of the present invention are the wind and snow disaster prevention woods configuring technicals that sum up based on long term field experiment and production practices.Be characterized in, for wind and snow disaster source direction, basing oneself upon existing land occupation condition, giving full play under the prerequisite of indigenous tree species, build the snow-protection plantation that scientific and reasonable take " tall filling combination " is main space configuration mode.Snow-protection plantation mainly adopts tall row belt afforestation collocation method of filling with combination, by reasonable disposition forest belt structure and distance between shelter strips, (forest belt structure is sparseness structure, coefficient of air infiltration is between 0.3～0.5, whole distance between shelter strips be 10m, 20m, 30m not etc.), weaken the wind energy of wind snow, weather side is avenged and is trapped in a large number between forest belt and forest belt, alleviate wind and snow harm.Fully demonstrate snow-protection plantation simple and direct, quick, economical, the feature that guard time is long, thus realize the significance of snow defence forest network (band) system aspect control wind and snow disaster.
Specific embodiment, in turn includes the following steps:
(1) choice of tree species principle: selection tree height is large, tree crown is narrower, and root is dark, is difficult for wind-fall, windbreak; Fast-growing, especially fast, dry economic benefit and the aesthetic property of directly having concurrently of growth; There is the abilities such as stronger cold-resistant, drought resisting, high temperature resistance, disease and insect resistance, water-fast wet, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, the local indigenous tree species that has the experience of successfully afforesting.In configuration during arbor forest belt, wherein 2 row arbors to select fast growth poplar be pioneer tree species as far as possible, play fast protective action, and collocation has the reproducting tree species of certain economic benefits according to land occupation condition, realize ecological benefits and the economic benefit of snow-protection plantation.
(2) seedling transportation, preservation and treatment measures: in seedling transportation,, often to nursery stock root trickle, keep nursery stock moistening.In from lifting to transportation, note protecting seedling root, arbor species are all with native ball.
(3) snow-protection plantation forest belt is built: take spring afforestation as main, be suitable for most seeds afforestation spring, the early spring, soil moisture content was relatively better, trees start germinating growth at this moment, and root system is lower because growing desired temperature, and the time coming into play wants Zao than acrial part, should germinate the phenophase by different tree species, soil thaws and successively arranges the order of planting, and ahead of time, does not generally carry out afforestation in autumn as far as possible.Land preparation mode is cave-shaped whole ground, arbor afforestation and soil preparation specification 60cm * 60cm * 60cm, and shrub afforestation and soil preparation specification 40cm * 40cm * 40cm retains former shrub as far as possible during whole ground, do not destroy herbaceous plant, to reduce water and soil loss.Forest belt design adopts tall mode of stucture configuration of filling with combination, six row one bands, and arbor 4 row, shrub 2 row, arbor seeding row spacing is 3m * 3m, and shrub seeding row spacing is 1m * 2m, and distance between shelter strips is 30m.To only having the snow-protection plantation of shrub measure to adopt two row one band afforestation models, seeding row spacing is 1.0m * 1.5m, and distance between shelter strips is 10m.For soil moved in to improve the original, build snow-protection plantation pattern, forest belt is designed to three row one bands, and seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m, and two seeds adopt every band mixed configuration mode, and distance between shelter strips is 20m.Therefore owing to adopting seedlings afforestation and part shrub afforestation mode to be chosen as tree planting in Forestation Design, accelerate closing of crop, form as early as possible the stable forest structure with protection benefit.
(4) foster the measure of managing and protecting: the aspect of 1. watering, after planting, to irrigate immediately, 5-7 days supplementary irrigations are once, monthly pour water 1-2 time, year pours water to be no less than and considers that soil may exist salination in various degree for 10 times, therefore the afforestation initial stage, irrigation quantity and number of times should be bigger, the corresponding minimizing of irrigation quantity after growing into forest; .2. the bud picking aspect of pruning, the tender shoots sprouting on the trunk of treelet is not yet during lignification, and the tender shoots of the height of tree below 2/3rds overhead erased; The time of pruning was advisable with late fall and early spring, and the intensity of pruning is determined according to tree characteristics, age, land occupation condition and tree crown development condition.Generally be directly proportional to land occupation condition, age and tree crown developmental state, good, older, the tree crown of land occupation condition physically well develops, and pruning can be slightly many, otherwise, prune and should lack.Pruning intensities is about 1/3rd to 1/2nd of full height of tree degree before and after young growth closing, and along with the growth of the age of tree, pruning intensities can reach 2/3rds.During pruning, sprig can be pruned or with scraper, be close to trunk and carry out from bottom to top shave with secateurs, and thicker branch, should use saw sawed-off, should keep otch level and smooth, prevents from setting body mechanical damage.3. stump and after-culture aspect, afforestation is investigated afforestation situation winter then, will be in Second Year after-culture in spring to dead nursery stock, to dysgonic plant, at the nursery stock front stump that starts to grow in spring, stump is clipped treelet acrial part exactly, makes it again germinate new branch, cultivates into a kind of Tending of good trunk.During stump, stay dry height 3-5 ㎝, instrument is sharp, and it is level and smooth that otch is wanted; After stump, preferably blinding, prevents crops for rotation frostbite and loss moisture.Stump plant will be pruned in time after sprouting young sprout, retains the branch of 1 robust growth.4. extermination of disease and insect pest aspect, the harm of the main diseases insect pest that may be subject to according to sheltered ground and selected plant, have for, at times, implement in advance timely and effectively the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of damage by disease and insect.
The present invention is a kind of snow-protection plantation configuring technical, and forest belt configuration adopts tall form of filling with combination, builds and take arbor as core, the tall shelter belt of filling with combination.Snow-protection plantation can effectively be detained the accumulated snow blowing from weather side in the snowfall in fixing forest belt, wherein arbor species selection principle is for tree height is large, tree crown is narrower, root is dark, is difficult for wind-fall, windbreak, especially dry straight, growth rapidly, have an economic benefit and the seeds of aesthetic property; Shrub selection principle is to have the ability seeds such as stronger cold-resistant, drought resisting, high temperature resistance, disease and insect resistance, water-fast wet, Salt And Alkali Tolerance.Qiao that forest belt configuration adopts fills with the seeds that seeds are paid the utmost attention to indigenous tree species and can produce as early as possible protection benefit.
About snow-protection plantation forest belt band distance, because in close relations with the height of tree and shelterbelt porosity, in the situation that density is certain, the height of tree is higher in principle, and protection distance is far away, and band distance should be wider.According to actual observation, the windproof coverage in shelter belt of sparseness structure is generally 15～20 times of the height of tree, but winter is due to tree deciduous leaf, forest belt is difficult to reach sparseness structure (density 0.3～0.5), substantially be all ventilation structure (density >0.5), effective protection distance is much smaller, and Preliminary Observational Results is about 8～10 times of the height of tree.That is to say, suppose the forest belt that 5m is high, its effective protection distance is 40～50m.Therefore, for safety, the present invention sets the band distance of 30 meters.Height and the snow defence effect in forest belt have substantial connection simultaneously, (H is vegetation height to the regression equation proposing according to relevant scholar: D=1.6619e0.0347H, D is snow depth), can go out by above-mentioned equation estimation the snow depth of shelter forest, according to snowfall situation, adjust the configuration of shelter forest general layout simultaneously.The present invention is understanding the Northwest's drought, precipitation is few, after the features such as evaporation discharge is large, the feature of causing disaster for wind snow disaster evil, under existing land occupation condition, indigenous tree species and the Typical Desert shrub plant of choosing adaptation local climate feature are reproducting tree species, and practice has formed a tall snow-protection plantation configuring technical of filling with combination.
The above; be only the present invention's embodiment preferably, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (5)
1. a Northwest arid district snow-protection plantation collocation method, is characterized in that, comprises following three kinds of afforestation technology patterns:
Tall snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of filling with combination: adopt tall row belt afforestation configuration of filling with combination, every band comprises two row shrubs, 4 row arbors, every two row arbors are a class arbor, described shrub is placed in weather side, the seeding row spacing of described arbor is 3 * 3m, the seeding row spacing of described shrub is 1 * 2m, and distance between shelter strips is 30m;
Snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern: adopt two row one band afforestation configurations, selecting two kinds of shrubs is reproducting tree species, and every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 1.0 * 1.5m, and distance between shelter strips is 10m;
Snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern: adopt the afforestation configuration of three row one bands, selecting two kinds of arbors is reproducting tree species, and every band mixed configuration, seeding row spacing is 3 * 3m, and distance between shelter strips is 20m.
2. Northwest arid district according to claim 1 snow-protection plantation collocation method, it is characterized in that, the seeds that height is large, tree crown is narrower, root is dark in order to set for described arbor, be difficult for wind-fall, be difficult for windbreak, do directly, growth is rapid, have an economic benefit, the afforestation height of tree is not less than 3m, 2 row configuration fast-growing poplars in 4 row arbors.
3. Northwest arid district according to claim 1 snow-protection plantation collocation method, is characterized in that, described shrub is the seeds with stronger cold-resistant, drought resisting, high temperature resistance, disease and insect resistance, water-fast wet, Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability, and the afforestation height of tree is not less than 0.8m.
4. according to the Northwest arid district snow-protection plantation collocation method described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, land preparation mode is cave-shaped whole ground, arbor afforestation and soil preparation specification 60cm * 60cm * 60cm, shrub afforestation and soil preparation specification 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, adopts the configuration of " product " font.
5. according to the Northwest arid district snow-protection plantation collocation method described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, according to soil types condition, determine afforestation technology pattern:
To the medium area on the upper side of land occupation condition, adopt described tall snow-protection plantation afforestation technology pattern of filling with combination;
Very poor for land occupation condition, be located in the exposed area of shallow, the surperficial gravel cobble of waste beach soil layer, adopt described snow-protection plantation Shrub Forestation Techniques pattern;
To the barren waste beach of soil layer, adopt described snow-protection plantation soil moved in to improve the original afforestation technology pattern.
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| CN106941901A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-14 | 南阳师范学院 | Cold drought-hit area gentle slope type tunnel portal plant Li planting and establishing methods |
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