CN102440170B - Method for desert forestation - Google Patents

Method for desert forestation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102440170B
CN102440170B CN2011103162343A CN201110316234A CN102440170B CN 102440170 B CN102440170 B CN 102440170B CN 2011103162343 A CN2011103162343 A CN 2011103162343A CN 201110316234 A CN201110316234 A CN 201110316234A CN 102440170 B CN102440170 B CN 102440170B
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water
meters
desert
planting
plantation
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CN102440170A (en
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王文彪
王文治
杜美厚
王钟涛
张吉树
韩美飞
李平
赵兴旺
孙永强
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Elion Resources Group Co Ltd
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Elion Resources Group Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for desert forestation. The method comprises the following steps including 1, water source preparation, namely a plurality of wells are drilled in the desert forestlands; 2, seedling preparation, namely for Salix psammophila cuttings, the branches of 1.2 to 1.5 m in length and more than 0.8 cm in diameter are selected, the gathered seeding blanches are soaked in water to absorb water, and for poplar or hankow willow cuttings, the seedlings of 3.5 m in height and more than 3 cm in diameter at breast height are selected and soaked in water prior to planting to absorb water; 3, water flush forestation planting, namely water in the wells is pumped out through a centrifugal water pump, so that the sandy soil around the seedlings is flushed into gaps through water to fill and seal the gaps, and the seedlings are watered fully. The desert forestation procedures can be finished within 30 to 50 seconds by utilizing the method provided by the invention, the forestation survival rate achieves 90%, and the three-year conservation rate reaches more than 80%.

Description

A kind of method for desert forestation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for desert forestation.
Background technology
In abominable desert area survival rate, rates of growing into forest of natural conditions such as the active dune of arid, semiarid zone, sand field, naked sand grounds, be the bottleneck problem of restriction afforestation effect always, the technical problem that the person that also is the Forestation Work is paying close attention to always.Above-mentioned regional moisture is to affect the low key factor of survival rate, if irrigate, and ten kinds of difficulties of traffic condition and implementation condition, and can strengthen cost of forestation.
Afforestation technology in the past all is first wholely, and artificial or machinery digs kind of a plant hole, again by plant seedlings, earthing, the operation such as water just can finish whole afforestation operation, conventional afforestation complex procedures is loaded down with trivial details, survival rate, storage rate are lower.
Though combination well water under high pressure punching tree planting technology has report, but since in the active dune location often because wind erosion so that the seeds after the afforestation are difficult to survive grows into forest, causes later stage afforestation effect significantly to descend.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method for desert forestation, it may further comprise the steps:
1) water source is prepared: beat a plurality of wells at the desert planting site, a plurality of water inter-well distances are 200 ~ 400 meters, and wherein, described desert planting site comprises: relative altitude is at the active dune more than 15 meters, and its windward slope 1/2 is with lowland between descending position and mound; Relative altitude is lower than 15 meters active dune, and its windward slope 2/3 is with lowland between descending position and mound; And apart from 1 meter outer naked sand ground of the leeward slope of active dune;
2) seedling is prepared: salix monogolica is transplanted a cutting: selects 2~3 years sturdy branches of lifes, length 1.2-1.5 rice, top diameter is greater than 0.8 centimetre, and in the slender immersion water under will gathering 3 ~ 7 days, the abundant suction; Willow or dry land willow plugged ear: select 3.5 meters of seedling height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground was soaked in water 10 ~ 20 days before the plantation more than 3 centimetres, fully suction;
3) water punching afforestation plantation: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the described well is extracted out, utilize the steel water pistol of flexible pipe and tube terminal directly water to be injected in the planting site of desert, impulsive force take current forms the degree of depth as the hole of planting of 120 ~ 150cm, with step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly, and water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, it is real to fill up envelope, fully water simultaneously sufficient water, wherein, plant willow or dry land willow, 1 ~ 2 meter of planting depth between the mound in the middle of the lowland, 3 ~ 5 meters of spacing in the rows, 3 ~ 5 meters of line-spacings are the periphery plantation shrub (salix monogolica of willow or dry land willow woods, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium), 1 meter of shrub spacing in the rows; Windward slope is mainly planted salix monogolica, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 1.15 ~ 1.45 meters of planting depths expose 5 ~ 6 centimetres, every mu 100 ~ 150 hole of planting, plantation 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole; 1 meter outer naked sand ground plantation dry land willow, willow, arrow-leaved oleaster or salix monogolica etc. of leeward slope.
Wherein, in the step 1) between the mound of desert planting site the lowland beat a plurality of wells, well is spaced apart 300 meters, 15 ~ 20 meters of well depths.
Wherein, the plantation of step 3) water punching afforestation is: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the described well is extracted out, described centrifugal water pump is outer to connect many water pipes, and described water pipe is connected with flexible pipe, at the terminal joint steel pipe of described flexible pipe as hydraulic giant, pressure by centrifugal water pump, directly water being injected in the planting site of desert, forming 120~150 centimetres of holes of planting of the degree of depth, with step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly, and water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, and it is real to fill up envelope.
Preferably, described centrifugal water pump is 3 cun centrifugal water pumps, and described water pipe is 3 cun water pipes, and described water pipe is connected with three one-inch flexible pipes by three-way connection, 1 ~ 2 meter long of the terminal connection of described one-inch flexible pipe, the steel pipe of 2~3 centimetres of diameters.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows of described willow or dry land willow is 3 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters.
Preferably, the spacing in the rows of described windward slope plantation salix monogolica is 2 meters, and line-spacing is 3 meters.
Preferably, between described mound also mix and plant arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium in the lowland, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 0.8 ~ 1.20 meter of planting depth, every mu 100 ~ 150 hole of planting, 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole.
Preferably, the planting depth of the salix monogolica of described windward slope plantation is 1.40 ~ 1.45 meters.
Preferably, windward slope plantation salix monogolica is stage by stage plantation in the step 3): when the salix monogolica in the windward slope bottom grows into forest substantially more at an upper portion thereof windward slope every salix monogolica of plantation in 2 ~ 3 years.
Further, also comprise the wind erosion prevention step after the plantation of step 3) water punching afforestation, lay sand-protecting barrier at plant hole periphery of seedling: with salix monogolica, wheat straw, maize straw, sunflower stalk or reed between the bundled seedling that is placed on the desert planting site, or will salix monogolica branch close-packed arrays insert and form the vertical type sand-protecting barrier in the sandy soil.
The present invention can reach following technique effect:
Utilize method of forestation of the present invention can finish at 30-50 above-mentioned whole afforestation operations of sand field active dune in the very short time of second, can greatly increase work efficiency, and can make survival rate reach 90%, three year storage rate and reach more than 80%, greatly degree has improved survival rate, the storage rate of the naked afforestation in sandy land of sand field and the rate of growing into forest.
The reasonable disposition of the technology of the present invention by reproducting tree species and the setting of sand-protecting barrier etc., make the survival rate storage rate of desert, sand ground area water punching afforestation and from now on the healthy growth in forest land obtained very big guarantee.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, can be implemented so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention also, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
In order to improve operating efficiency and the survival rate of desert afforestation, the invention provides the method for following desert afforestation:
1, planting site water source:
Planting site is selected: large-scale active dune relative altitude is more than 15 meters, and plantation sand dune windward slope 1/2 is with lowland between descending position and mound, and small sized flow sand dune plantation windward slope 2/3 is with lowland between descending position and mound.Leeward slope is advisable with the 1 meter outer afforestation in distance hillside fields.
The solution at water source is to beat a glance multitube well at the active dune such as desert, sand ground, naked sand ground every 300 meters distance, 3 cun centrifugal water pumps that utilize the 12PH diesel engine and match are with it realized the supply of certain pressure current, outer many in the 3 cun water pipes that connect of water pump are divided into current in the flexible pipe of 3 one-inch by 3 pass joints afterwards.Removable flexible pipe is centered by well, and the mobile water of implementing rushes afforestation between the sand dune in 150 meters scopes of radius or the naked sand ground.
Selection of conceal silo location: lowland between the mound that water resource is enriched, beat multitube combination drift sand well, guarantee the water of afforesting;
The well degree of depth: 15~20 meters can be that 3 water punching afforestation hydraulic giants supply water simultaneously; Pump head: 20 meters;
2, afforestation is used selection and the processing of seedling:
Salix monogolica is transplanted a cutting: selects 2~3 years sturdy branches, length 1.2-1.5 rice, top diameter is greater than 0.8 centimetre, and in the slender immersion water under will gathering about 5 days, the abundant suction;
Willow, dry land willow plugged ear: select about 3.5 meters of seedling height, 3 ~ 5 centimetres of mid diameters soaked about 15 days in water before the plantation, fully suction;
Other seedlings such as arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, poplar bavin, hedysarum scoparium etc. are selected the subterranean water level higher position to heel in without saline and alkaline location near planting site and are got final product ready access upon use.
3, water rushes method of forestation:
Connect the steel pipe of 2~3 centimetres of 1.8 meters long, diameter as hydraulic giant in the terminal of flexible pipe, pressure by centrifugal water pump, directly water is injected in the planting site of desert, form the hole of planting of 120~150 centimetres of the degree of depth, immediately the seedlings such as the salix monogolica bar of choosing, willow, dry land willow are inserted in the hole, and will transplant a cutting peripheral sandy soil with hydraulic giant and pour the space, filling up envelope gets final product in fact, the disposable operation of finishing afforestation and pouring water is because the slender consolidation of being combined with sandy soil can improve survival rate greatly.
Afforestation speed: 30~50 seconds 1 cave times spent; 2 strains cutting can be inserted in every cave when salix monogolica, the plantation of seedling shrub; Arbor every cave 1 strains such as willow, dry land willow and arrow-leaved oleaster.
4, the configuration of seeds:
The selection of each location seeds of afforesting: the lowland choice of tree species is take willow, dry land willow, salix monogolica, arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin and hedysarum scoparium as main between the mound, and windward slope is take salix monogolica as main.
Tree arrangement and planting patterns configuration: lowland plantation willow, dry land willow between the mound, can when looking higher, it play the effect of good resistance sand ribbon, make the sandy soil on the sand dune of its back fall into lowland between the mound, gradually i.e. " front post-tensioning " evened up on tall and big sand dune thereafter.3 ~ 5 meters * 3 ~ 5 meters of seeding row spacings, preferred 3 meters * 4 meters, wherein mongrel is planted shrub (as: salix monogolica, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium etc.), 1 meter of shrub spacing in the rows.The serious location of eroding, the arbor spacing in the rows is amplified to 4 meters, implements the plantation of alliance shape at the arbor periphery with shrub; Windward slope salix monogolica plant line-spacing is 1 ~ 3 meter * 2 ~ 4 meters, preferred 2 meters * 3 meters, planting depth 1.15-1.45 rice (is selected this planting depth, can prevent erodes is affected the late growing stage of the reproducting tree species such as salix monogolica), preferred 1.40 ~ 1.45 meters, expose 5 ~ 6 centimetres, the salix monogolica kind fringe that the slope more high more suitable selection in position is long, every mu of 100 ~ 150 holes of planting, preferred 110 ~ 120 holes of planting, 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole; 1 meter outer naked sand ground plantation dry land willow, willow, arrow-leaved oleaster or salix monogolica of leeward slope.
5, the technical measures of wind erosion prevention:
Active dune and naked sand ground year wind erosion quantity generally about 20 centimetres, serious wind erosion is had a strong impact on the late growing stage of the reproducting tree species such as salix monogolica, grows into forest after 5 years for guaranteeing afforestation, must solve the wind erosion prevention problem of planting site seeds.The invention provides following two kinds of solutions:
1) after afforestation is finished, plants the plant hole periphery salix monogolica, willow, dry land willow etc. and lay sand-protecting barrier.Bundle is bundled is placed in the planting site with salix monogolica, wheat straw, maize straw, sunflower stalk, reed etc., or utilize the salix monogolica branch to make vertical type sand-protecting barrier (about 1 meter of the salix monogolica branch overall length of 50 centimetres of height, wherein imbed in the sand for 50 centimetres, 50 centimetres are basseted, salix monogolica closely is close to and implants in the sandy soil one by one), reduce wind erosion quantity, provide good space to plant growth;
2) afforestation can be reduced the expense that sand-protecting barrier drops into stage by stage.Planting site for monoblock can arrange 2-3 time (year) to implement afforestation.When namely the salix monogolica in the windward slope bottom grows into forest substantially more at an upper portion thereof windward slope every 2-3 afforestation once, the foundation in the wind erosion prevention forest belt of the salix monogolica the previous years of dependence ensures that follow-up planting site exempts from wind erosion.
Afforest in the desert according to method of the present invention:
1) survival rate: 90%~98%; 3 years storage rate 80%-90% can improve more than 30% than the survival rate of conventional afforestation method, and storage rate can improve 40%;
2) plantation salix monogolica 4~5 minutes time of needs is digged pit, transplants a cutting, bankets, treads in the former cave of manually finishing, and utilizes the present invention to taper to 30~50 seconds, improves 5 times of work efficiency, and survival rate improves more than 30%.Cost of forestation: 230 yuan/mu; And can save and irrigate with 100~120 yuan/mu of expensess of labour.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. to rush survival rate, storage rate very high for water.
Method simple, be easy to grasp, be convenient to promote;
3. to rush afforestation method be " green " technology to water, can not cause any pollution;
Speed fast, effective, time saving and energy saving, reduce cost.
5, guarantee that active dune become the forest land after 5 years.When the sand-protecting barrier protection was set, 400~600 yuan/mu of windproof sand-protecting barrier setup fees were perhaps divided location afforestation by year-by-year, and planting site is protected effectively, grew into forest in 3-5 fast in the forest land that is conducive to new planting on the naked sand ground.
Large-area salix monogolica cutting forset-plantation is carried out in the desert area that method for desert forestation of the present invention is adapted at lacking the labour, has inconvenient traffic, natural conditions are abominable, method for desert forestation of the present invention can directly be afforested at active dune, is afforestation approach and a method of forestation that can change rapidly the desert natural landscape.
The above embodiment is the preferred embodiment that proves absolutely that the present invention lifts, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.Being equal to that those skilled in the art do on basis of the present invention substitutes or conversion, all within protection scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.

Claims (7)

1. a method for desert forestation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) water source is prepared: beat a plurality of wells at the desert planting site, a plurality of water inter-well distances are 200 ~ 400 meters, and wherein, described desert planting site comprises: relative altitude is at the active dune more than 15 meters, and its windward slope 1/2 is with lowland between descending position and mound; Relative altitude is lower than 15 meters active dune, and its windward slope 2/3 is with lowland between descending position and mound; And apart from 1 meter outer naked sand ground of the leeward slope of active dune;
2) seedling is prepared: salix monogolica is transplanted a cutting: selects 2~3 years sturdy branches of lifes, length 1.2-1.5 rice, top diameter is greater than 0.8 centimetre, and in the slender immersion water under will gathering 3 ~ 7 days, the abundant suction; Willow or dry land willow plugged ear: select 3.5 meters of seedling height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground was soaked in water 10 ~ 20 days before the plantation more than 3 centimetres, fully suction;
3) water punching afforestation plantation: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the described well is extracted out, utilize the steel water pistol of flexible pipe and tube terminal directly water to be injected in the planting site of desert, impulsive force take current forms the degree of depth as the hole of planting of 120 ~ 150cm, with step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly, and water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, it is real to fill up envelope, fully water simultaneously sufficient water, wherein, plant willow or dry land willow, 1.5 ~ 2 meters of planting depths between the mound in the middle of the lowland, 3 ~ 5 meters of spacing in the rows, 3 ~ 5 meters of line-spacings are planted shrub the peripheral mongrel of willow or dry land willow, 1 meter of shrub spacing in the rows; Windward slope is mainly planted salix monogolica, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 1.15 ~ 1.45 meters of planting depths expose 5 ~ 6 centimetres; 1 meter outer naked sand ground plantation dry land willow, willow, arrow-leaved oleaster or salix monogolica of leeward slope; Between the mound also mix and plant arrow-leaved oleaster, red building, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin or hedysarum scoparium in the lowland, 1 ~ 3 meter of spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 2 ~ 4 meters, 0.8 ~ 1.2 meter of planting depth, every mu 100 ~ 150 hole of planting, 1 ~ 2 strain of every hole;
Wherein, windward slope plantation salix monogolica is stage by stage plantation in the step 3): when the salix monogolica in the windward slope bottom grows into forest again at an upper portion thereof windward slope every salix monogolica of plantation in 2 ~ 3 years;
Also comprise the wind erosion prevention step after the plantation of step 3) water punching afforestation, lay sand-protecting barrier at plant hole periphery of seedling: with salix monogolica, wheat straw, maize straw, sunflower stalk or reed between the bundled seedling that is placed on the desert planting site, or will salix monogolica branch close-packed arrays insert and form the vertical type sand-protecting barrier in the sandy soil.
2. method for desert forestation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1) between the mound of desert planting site the lowland beat a plurality of wells, well is spaced apart 300 meters, 15 ~ 20 meters of well depths.
3. method for desert forestation according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the plantation of step 3) water punching afforestation is: utilize centrifugal water pump that the water in the described well is extracted out, many water pipes of the outer connection of described centrifugal water pump, described water pipe is connected with flexible pipe, at the terminal joint steel pipe of described flexible pipe as hydraulic giant, pressure by centrifugal water pump, directly water is injected in the planting site of desert, form 120~150 centimetres of holes of planting of the degree of depth, with step 2) seedling that obtains inserts in the hole of planting accordingly, and water pours the space with the sandy soil of seedling periphery, and it is real to fill up envelope.
4. method for desert forestation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described centrifugal water pump is 3 cun centrifugal water pumps, described water pipe is 3 cun water pipes, described water pipe is connected with two one-inch flexible pipes by three-way connection, 1 ~ 2 meter long of the terminal connection of described one-inch flexible pipe, the steel pipe of 2~3 centimetres of diameters.
5. method for desert forestation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of described willow or dry land willow is 3 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters.
6. method for desert forestation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of described windward slope plantation salix monogolica is 2 meters, and line-spacing is 3 meters.
7. method for desert forestation according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the planting depth of windward slope plantation salix monogolica is 1.40 ~ 1.45 meters.
CN2011103162343A 2011-10-18 2011-10-18 Method for desert forestation Active CN102440170B (en)

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CN103222409B (en) * 2013-04-15 2015-09-02 亿利资源集团有限公司 A kind of salix psammophila cuttage afforestation method
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