CN102378701B - 飞轮模块以及在飞轮模块中储存和传递能量的方法 - Google Patents

飞轮模块以及在飞轮模块中储存和传递能量的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102378701B
CN102378701B CN200980151936.1A CN200980151936A CN102378701B CN 102378701 B CN102378701 B CN 102378701B CN 200980151936 A CN200980151936 A CN 200980151936A CN 102378701 B CN102378701 B CN 102378701B
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transmission system
flywheel
electrical motor
flywheel module
electrical generator
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CN200980151936.1A
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CN102378701A (zh
Inventor
勒尔·马里·范德鲁滕
巴斯·赫拉德·弗勒门
亚历山大·弗朗西斯库斯·阿尼塔·塞拉恩斯
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Drivetrain Innovations BV
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Drivetrain Innovations BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

飞轮模块5.1包括飞轮F以及变速装置I1，变速装置I1具有：被连接到飞轮F的第一输入部/输出部Ii；以及被联结到车辆11的传动系的第二输入部/输出部I2。变速装置I具有旁路变速装置P以及电动机和/或发电机MG。于是，通过适当地控制电动机和/或发电机MG，可与飞轮F进行能量交换。由于电动机和/或发电机传递负转矩，所以飞轮F加速，由于电动机和/或发电机传递正转矩，所以飞轮减速。

Description

飞轮模块以及在飞轮模块中储存和传递能量的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括飞轮以及变速装置的飞轮模块，该变速装置具有第一输入部/输出部和第二输入部/输出部，该第一输入部/输出部被连接到飞轮，该第二输入部/输出部被联结到位于驱动源与从动轮之间的车辆传动系，和/或被联结到车辆的从动轮或其它车轮中的一个或多个车轮，和/或被联结到车辆的驱动源，变速装置能够对第一输入部/输出部与第二输入部/输出部之间的转矩提供可连续变化的控制，该变速装置包括至少一个单独的电动机和/或发电机以及具有至少三个旋转构件的旁路变速装置（bypass speedtransforming device），三个旋转构件中的第一旋转构件被连接到第一输入部/输出部，三个旋转构件中的第二旋转构件被连接到第二输入部/输出部，三个旋转构件中的第三旋转构件被连接到电动机和/或发电机，其中飞轮模块包括电动机和/或发电机的供能装置以及能够控制供能装置的控制单元，控制单元能够通过控制电动机和/或发电机的供能装置来对传动系和/或从动轮或其它车轮中的一个或多个车轮进行制动或驱动。
背景技术
在公开号为US2007/049443A1的专利申请中公开了包括这种飞轮模块的驱动系统。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是增加前面段落中定义的那种类型的飞轮模块的功能。为此，根据本发明的飞轮模块的特征在于，变速装置还包括离合器，所述离合器被设置在其中一个输入部/输出部与连接到该输入部/输出部的旋转构件之间，或者被设置在其中两个旋转构件之间。
供能装置优选地包括储能系统或另一电动机和/或发电机，另一电动机和/或发电机被连接到其中一个输入部/输出部或者传动系或者一个或多个其它车轮。储能系统可以是例如电池或液压蓄能器或超级电容器（ultacap）。
为了进一步增加飞轮模块的功能，根据本发明的飞轮模块的又一特征在于，变速装置还包括另一离合器，所述另一离合器被设置在另一电动机和/或发电机与连接到该另一电动机和/或发电机的输入部/输出部之间。
控制单元优选地包括动力电子设备，所述动力电子设备允许这些电动机和/或发电机中的一个电动机和/或发电机由其中的另一个电动机和/或发电机进行驱动或制动。于是，该另一个电动机和/或发电机可形成驱动源。
控制单元优选地对供能装置仅进行短时间的控制，由此，对传动系和/或其它车轮中的一个或多个车轮仅进行短时间的制动或驱动。如此，飞轮模块仅起到辅助驱动装置的作用，以瞬时附加性地使车辆加速或减速。
根据本发明的飞轮模块的又一实施例的特征在于，变速装置包括电动机和/或发电机以及具有三个旋转构件的旁路变速装置，三个旋转构件中的第一旋转构件被连接到第一输入部/输出部，三个旋转构件中的第二旋转构件被连接到第二输入部/输出部，三个旋转构件中的第三旋转构件被连接到电动机和/或发电机。于是，通过适当地控制电动机和/或发电机，可利用飞轮来进行能量交换，由于电动机和/或发电机将负转矩传递到旁路变速装置，所以飞轮加速，由于电动机和/或发电机将正转矩传递到旁路变速装置，所以飞轮减速。
为了减小电动机和/或发电机为使飞轮加速或减速而产生的动力，对旁路变速装置的传动比（环形齿轮的直径除以中心齿轮的直径）进行选择，使得飞轮的速度变化超过电动机和/或发电机的速度变化。
为了进一步减小电动机和/或发电机为使飞轮加速或减速而产生的动力，将电动机和/或发电机的每分钟转数（RPM）保持为最小值。
为了更进一步减小电动机和/或发电机为使飞轮加速或减速而产生的动力，使电动机和/或发电机既可以沿正旋转方向运转，也可以沿反旋转方向运转。因此，与电动机和/或发电机仅以正速或仅以负速被驱动的控制/结构相比，电动机和/或发电机的RPM绝对值可减半。
为了更多地减小电动机和/或发电机为使飞轮加速或减速而产生的动力，飞轮模块优选地被联结到传动系中的传动装置的输出部。就此而言，在车辆被驱动器起动之后的最初几秒，标准车辆中的传动装置的输出部RPM继续保持大体恒定。可替换地，在车辆被驱动器起动之后的最初几秒，传动装置的输入部RPM迅速增大。在飞轮模块的输出部RPM大体恒定的情况下，与飞轮模块的输出部RPM增大的情况相比，飞轮的RPM可产生更大的变化。在赛车（方案1）的情况下，飞轮模块优选地被联结到传动装置的输入部轴，因为输入部轴的RPM的变化量小于输出部轴的RPM的变化量。
通过减小驱动电动机和/或发电机的绝对速度，使得能够以很小的（电动、液压、气动）动力将很大的动力传递到传动系或者从传动系获取很大的动力。由于飞轮能够以比电动机和/或发电机更高的RPM旋转且仍然能够继续支持反转矩，所以飞轮传递或获取的动力最大。因此，例如具有附加动力电子设备和电池系统的电动机和/或发电机的成本、体积以及重量得以大幅地减小。
为了增加飞轮模块的功能，另一实施例的特征在于，变速装置还包括被联结到飞轮的机械式制动器。该制动器也可以是不会打滑（slipping）的形封闭的离合器（form-closed clutch）。例如，当车辆静止不动时通过向制动器供能，可借助于电动机和/或发电机使车辆沿前进方向或倒退方向被驱动。如果电动机和/或发电机被联结到储能系统（电池、电容、压力缓冲器），则可通过这种方式重新获得制动能量。于是，飞轮模块还可起到混合动力驱动的作用。
如果电动机和/或发电机以这种方式加速车辆，则主驱动源（内燃机或电动机）将在几秒之后被起动。为了在多数情况下不装载内燃机的起动器电动机，还可以经由主离合器起动内燃机，所述主离合器存在于几乎所有的车辆驱动器中并在传统的车辆中用以起动车辆。该主离合器的尺寸可与飞轮模块的尺寸一起缩减，因为其仅需要对惯性远小于车辆惯性的内燃机进行加速。
为了不被内燃机的起动过多地干扰，优选地，当离合器处于闭合时，将传动装置安置在比第一齿轮更大的齿轮中。齿轮越大，朝向车轮增大的负起动转矩越小，并且通过飞轮模块传递该另外的转矩越容易。
尽管飞轮模块仍然在驱动车辆，但在内燃机起动之后，可通过把变速器换低档来使该内燃机进一步加速。此时，内燃机能够将车辆加速至最大程度，并且不再需要飞轮模块来推进车辆。
通过使电动机和/或发电机传递较低的负转矩，在车辆的加速过程中，甚至能够使飞轮加速。为此，首先要释放飞轮上的制动器。
如果在传动系中包含多级传动装置（例如，自动-手动变速箱），则甚至在换档操作期间的离合器干扰也可被飞轮模块吸收。在主离合器打开期间和/或刚要打开之前，电动机和/或发电机将为此传递正转矩，使得电动机和/或发电机以及飞轮都能够短时间地负责推进车辆。一旦主离合器闭合，则内燃机负责驱动，同时电动机和/或发电机再次缓慢地为飞轮“充电（charge）”。
如果在车辆加速之后期望获得恒速，则可通过切换传动装置使内燃机减速到最省燃料操作点。即使在切换过程中，也可通过使电动机和/或发电机传递负转矩来使飞轮进一步加速。如果为了切换操作而准备将主离合器打开，仍可借助于飞轮模块将转矩传递到车轮。
如果在燃料耗费最低、传动装置的传动比最大的情况下驱动车辆，在内燃机的RPM较低的情况下，通过使电动机和/或发电机在较低的RPM乃至负RPM下运转，可使飞轮保持较高的RPM。如果该RPM接近零转数，即使在电动机和/或发电机上具有另外的制动器，飞轮也可保持适当的RPM。
如果随后期望使车辆加速，则飞轮模块可通过使电动机和/或发电机传递正转矩来辅助传动系。于是，在车辆实施加速时飞轮减速，并促使另外的转矩传递到车轮。
同时，通过把变速器换低档到较低的传动比，可使内燃机加速。如果快速地实施换档，则内燃机需要较大部分的转矩来进行加速。在内燃机加速之后，其通过接替飞轮模块来继续执行车辆的驱动。如此，车辆可始终在较低的内燃机RPM下以经济的方式行驶，并且如果需要的话，可直接使车辆加速。于是，在加速过程中不会再出现任何令人烦恼的减速。
为了重新获得制动能量，电动机和/或发电机首先必须加速以使飞轮的RPM变为零，并且旁路变速装置与飞轮之间的连接部上的制动器可以闭合。为了以快速方式实现制动器闭合，可以借助于另外的离合器脱离使飞轮分离，从而使飞轮无需减速。
可替换地，可借助于两个旋转构件之间的联结来阻止旁路变速装置，使得电动机和/或发电机可将负转矩传递到输出部，从而重新获得制动能量。
在制动操作期间，传动装置可以被换低档到期望的传动比，其中于是内燃机能够被起动，或者其中车辆能够以最优方式被驱动。
为了以简单的方式使飞轮模块的构造与现有的传动系结合，飞轮可与现有的电动机飞轮同轴设置。可直接借助于终端减速部（end reduction）的齿轮来实现旁路变速装置与传动系之间的联结。为了使CVT中的这些齿轮更靠近主轴，可使终端减速部的中间变速装置移位，从而使所需的齿轮更少。
进一步，期望在电动机和/或发电机与旁路变速装置之间实现延迟减速（delaying reduction）。如果电动机和/或发电机平行于主轴设置，则可直接利用简单的齿轮装置来执行这种变速。电动机和/或发电机可设置在传动装置壳体的内部和外部。如果电动机和/或发电机设置在壳体的外部，则可以较简单的方式安装冷却装置。
在无级变速传动装置和自动传动装置中，飞轮模块可直接取代当前的转矩转换器离合器，因为在功能上不再需要转矩转换器离合器。主离合器可设置为较小的尺寸（以减小能耗）并可设置在曲柄轴与差动齿轮之间的某处。
为了降低飞轮速度，更具体而言，为了降低赛车中的飞轮速度，可借助于另外的释放动作来依照要求释放飞轮模块或飞轮。另一种可能方案是借助于另外的离合器来实现旁路变速装置（MG）与传动装置的主轴之间的连接。这样还可实现额外的功能。
进一步，可以将另外的减速部（旁路变速装置乃至传动装置）安装在旁路变速装置的元件之间和/或旁路变速装置与其中一个部件（MG、飞轮、输出部部）之间，以进一步优化系统性能。
电动机和/或发电机可以被连接到任何类型的储能系统或者其组合系统（电池、电容等）。
飞轮模块也可以被连接到后轮，而主驱动被连接到前轮，反之亦然。因此，可以简单的方式实现四轮驱动车辆。可替换地，可将飞轮模块安装在各个车轮中或者可将多个飞轮模块应用于一个车辆。
电动机和/或发电机不一定是电动机和/或发电机，其也可以是联结到液压或气动的能量缓冲器的、液压或气动的电动机和/或发电机（generator）。
飞轮也可以是转动惯量较高的电动机和/或发电机。
为了增加飞轮模块的功能，本发明的另一实施例的特征在于，变速装置还包括联结到第三旋转构件的制动器。
本发明还涉及一种包括两对车轮以及传动装置和驱动源的车辆，该驱动源经由传动系连接到其中一对车轮，其中传动装置位于传动系中，该车辆包括如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞轮模块，其中，飞轮模块被连接在一者——传动装置与另一者——驱动源之间，或者经由连接到传动装置的一对车轮而被连接到传动系，和/或本发明的特征在于，飞轮模块被连接到另一对车轮，该飞轮模块还被联结到在传动装置另一侧的传动系。相对于车辆而言，本发明的特征在于，在传动装置的该另一侧，离合器被设置在传动系与飞轮模块之间，使得在传动装置的该另一侧，飞轮模块经由该离合器而被连接到传动系。
附图说明
下面将参照所发明的飞轮模块的实施例进一步更详细地描述本发明，所述飞轮模块被安装或未被安装在车辆驱动装置中并在附图中示出，其中：
图1示出了包括根据本发明的飞轮模块的车辆的驱动装置的示意性布局图；
图2和图3示出了根据本发明的飞轮模块的各种实施例；
图4和图5示出了根据本发明的飞轮模块的、设有另一电动机和/或发电机的另一实施例；
图6示出了包括CVT和设有根据本发明的飞轮模块的前轮驱动装置的车辆的布局图；
图7给出了图6中所示的飞轮模块的结构设计的示意图；
图8示出了图7中所示的实施例的变型方案；
图9示出了图6中所示的布局图，其包括与传动装置的主侧的连接部；以及
图10给出了图9中所示的飞轮模块的结构设计的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了包括驱动源E的车辆1的示意性布局图，驱动源E通过驱动单元D驱动车轮W1。驱动单元D包括具有输入部3a和输出部3b的传动系3。传动系3具有设置在输入部3a与输出部3b之间的传动装置T。驱动单元D还包括飞轮模块5，飞轮模块5可连接到传动装置T或者可在传动装置T的主侧（飞轮模块5’）或副侧（飞轮模块5’’）被连接到传动系3，或者飞轮模块5被连接到车辆的其它车轮W2中的一个或两个（飞轮模块5’’’）。在后者的情况下，飞轮模块5’’’可附加连接到传动系3。后者的情况以连接线6示意性示出。
图2至图5示出了根据本发明的飞轮模块的各种实施例。飞轮模块5.1和5.2（图2和图3）包括飞轮F和变速装置I，变速装置I具有连接到飞轮的第一输入部/输出部I1以及可联结到传动系3的第二输入部/输出部I2。在这些附图中，行星齿轮组被标示为P，离合器被标示为C，制动器被标示为B，电动机和/或发电机被标示为MG，动力电子设备被标示PE，电池被标示为A。离合器C或者可能附加的制动器B的可更换的位置由虚线表示。
当使电动机和/或发电机MG在图2所示的飞轮模块5.1中作为发电机运转时，能量被储存于电池A中，同时飞轮F得以快速旋转，当使电动机和/或发电机MG作为电动机运转时，能量被电动机和/或发电机以及飞轮F两者共同释放。
飞轮模块5.3和5.4（图4和图5）除了包括电动机和/或发电机MG1以外，还包括连接到行星齿轮组P的另一电动机和/或发电机MG2。两个电动机和/或发电机MG1和MG2都被连接到动力电子设备PE。在图4中所示的飞轮模块5.3中，另一电动机和/或发电机MG2被设置在行星齿轮组P与第二输入部/输出部I2之间，在图5中所示的飞轮模块5.4中，另一电动机和/或发电机MG2被设置在行星齿轮组P与第一输入部/输出部I1之间。除了离合器C1以外或作为离合器C1的替代物，所述离合器C1被设置在行星齿轮组P与分别连接到行星齿轮组P的输入部/输出部I1或I2之间，这些飞轮模块还可包括另一离合器C2，所述另一离合器C2被设置在另一电动机和/或发电机MG2与分别连接到另一电动机和/或发电机MG2的输入部/输出部I1或I2之间（见图4）。
图6示出了包括CVT以及设有所示飞轮模块的实施例5.1的前轮驱动装置的车辆11的布局图，图7给出了图6中所示的车辆的飞轮模块5.1的结构设计的示意图。
图6中所示的飞轮模块5.1包括飞轮F以及变速装置I，所述变速装置I具有连接到飞轮F的第一输入部/输出部I1和联结到车辆11的传动系的第二输入部/输出部I2。变速装置I包括旁路变速装置P以及电动机和/或发电机MG。
借助于飞轮F通过适当地操控电动机和/或发电机MG可进行能量互换。通过使用电动机和/或发电机发出负转矩，飞轮F将会加速，通过使用电动机和/或发电机发出正转矩，飞轮F将会减速。
为了实现其它的功能，制动器B被连接到第一旋转构件。而且，在第三旋转构件与电动机和/或发电机之间设有减速齿轮，使得电动机和/或发电机可以较低的RPM运转。由齿轮形成的第二输入部/输出部I2还可联结到传动系中的另一齿轮。这种情况通过虚线示出。
图8示出了图7中所示实施例的变型方案。在该飞轮模块5.5中，电动机和/或发电机MG与飞轮F不同轴但平行于驱动源与传动装置之间的主轴。电动机和/或发电机可被安装在壳体的内侧和外侧。为了对电动机和/或发电机进行附加冷却，适宜将电动机和/或发电机安装在壳体的外侧。
图9示出了包括从飞轮模块5.1到CVT主侧的另外连接的车辆的布局图11’，图10再次示出了该飞轮模块的结构设计的示意图。飞轮模块5.1通过旋转构件和另一离合器C2连接到CVT的主侧，使得行星齿轮组P平行于CVT。
尽管在前面参照附图描述了本发明，但应该指出的是，本发明绝不限于附图中所示的实施例。本发明还涵盖在权利要求所限定的原理和范围内的、不同于图中所示实施例的任何实施例。

Claims (17)

1.一种飞轮模块，包括飞轮以及变速装置，所述变速装置具有第一输入部/输出部和第二输入部/输出部，所述第一输入部/输出部被连接到所述飞轮，所述第二输入部/输出部能够被联结到车辆的位于驱动源与从动轮之间的传动系，和/或被联结到所述车辆的从动轮或其它车轮中的一个或多个车轮，和/或被联结到所述车辆的驱动源，其中，所述变速装置能够对所述第一输入部/输出部与所述第二输入部/输出部之间的转矩提供可连续变化的控制，所述变速装置包括至少一个单独的电动机和/或发电机以及具有至少三个旋转构件的旁路变速装置，所述三个旋转构件中的第一旋转构件被连接到所述第一输入部/输出部，所述三个旋转构件中的第二旋转构件被连接到所述第二输入部/输出部，所述三个旋转构件中的第三旋转构件被连接到所述电动机和/或发电机，其中，所述飞轮模块包括电动机和/或发电机的供能装置以及能够控制所述供能装置的控制单元，所述控制单元通过控制所述电动机和/或发电机的所述供能装置，能够对所述传动系和/或所述从动轮或其它车轮中的一个或多个车轮进行制动或驱动，其特征在于，所述变速装置还包括离合器，所述离合器被设置在其中一个输入部/输出部与连接到所述其中一个输入部/输出部的旋转构件之间，或者被设置在其中两个所述旋转构件之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述供能装置包括储能系统。
3.如权利要求1所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述供能装置包括另一电动机和/或发电机，所述另一电动机和/或发电机被连接到其中一个输入部/输出部，或者被连接到所述传动系，或者被连接到一个或多个其它车轮。
4.如权利要求3所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述变速装置还包括另一离合器，所述另一离合器被设置在另一电动机和/或发电机与连接到所述另一电动机/发电机的输入部/输出部之间。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述控制单元包括动力电子设备，所述动力电子设备允许利用多个所述电动机和/或发电机中的一者来对其它电动机和/或发电机进行驱动或减速。
6.如权利要求3或4所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述驱动源是所述另一电动机和/或发电机。
7.如权利要求5所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述驱动源是所述另一电动机和/或发电机。
8.如权利要求1所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述控制单元对所述供能装置仅进行短时间的控制，由此，对所述传动系和/或其它车轮中的一个或多个车轮仅进行短时间的制动和/或驱动。
9.如权利要求1所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述变速装置还包括联结到其中一个旋转构件的制动器。
10.如权利要求1所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述变速装置还包括减速齿轮，所述减速齿轮设置在一者——所述旁路变速装置与另一者——所述电动机和/或发电机，或者所述飞轮，或所述第二输入部/输出部，或所述离合器之间。
11.如权利要求9所述的飞轮模块，其特征在于，所述变速装置还包括减速齿轮，所述减速齿轮设置在一者——所述旁路变速装置与另一者——所述电动机和/或发电机，或者所述飞轮，或所述第二输入部/输出部，或所述离合器，或所述制动器之间。
12.一种包括两对车轮以及传动装置和驱动源的车辆，所述驱动源经由传动系被连接到其中一对车轮，所述传动装置位于所述传动系中，其特征在于，所述车辆包括如前述权利要求中任一项所述的飞轮模块，其中，所述飞轮模块被连接到位于一者——所述传动装置与另一者——所述驱动源之间的所述传动系，或者经由连接到所述传动装置的一对车轮而被连接到所述传动系，和/或所述飞轮模块被连接到另一对车轮，所述飞轮模块还被联结到位于所述传动装置的另一侧上的所述传动系，在所述传动装置的该另一侧上，在所述传动系与所述飞轮模块之间设置有离合器，使得在所述传动装置的该另一侧上，所述飞轮模块经由所述离合器而被连接到所述传动系。
13.一种在如前述权利要求1至11中任一项所述的飞轮模块中储存和传递能量的方法，在所述方法中，由于电动机和/或发电机将负转矩传递到旁路变速装置，所述飞轮加速，由于电动机和/或发电机将正转矩传递到旁路变速装置，所述飞轮减速，其特征在于，所述电动机和/或发电机以比所述飞轮模块的第二输入部/输出部的RPM更低的RPM被驱动。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电动机和/或发电机沿正、反旋转方向运转，以便限定绝对RPM。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，在利用所述电动机和/或发电机使所述车辆沿前进方向或后退方向被驱动时，所述旁路变速装置的其中一个旋转构件被制动。
16.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述飞轮模块暂时地驱动所述车辆，使得内燃机能够在对车轮上的转矩不造成干扰的情况下改变所述内燃机的RPM。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述飞轮模块暂时地驱动所述车辆，使得内燃机能够在对车轮上的转矩不造成干扰的情况下改变所述内燃机的RPM。
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