CN104074937B - 一种纯机械功率分流装置 - Google Patents

一种纯机械功率分流装置 Download PDF

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CN104074937B
CN104074937B CN201410272419.2A CN201410272419A CN104074937B CN 104074937 B CN104074937 B CN 104074937B CN 201410272419 A CN201410272419 A CN 201410272419A CN 104074937 B CN104074937 B CN 104074937B
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clutch
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CN104074937A (zh
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张铁柱
张继忠
赵红
尹怀先
马永志
程联军
华青松
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Qingdao University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H33/00—Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H33/00—Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
    • F16H33/02—Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2041—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with four engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明属于机械动力技术领域，涉及一种纯机械功率分流装置，机械动力控制器分别与动力输出装置、储能放能器、第一离合器、第二离合器、第三离合器和第四离合器电信息连通；动输出力装置与第一离合器连接；第二离合器分别与第一离合器和飞轮储能器相连；第三离合器分别与第一离合器和双向变量液压泵连接；双向变量液压泵与液压储能器连接，第四离合器分别与第一离合器和发动机相连；油箱连接在双向变量液压泵上，第一行星排分别与第一离合器、第二行星排和第三行星排连接，第二行星排和第三行星排分别牵引出第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排和第七行星排；其结构简单，原理科学，工作效率高，能量回收效果好，成本低，能耗少，环境友好。

Description

一种纯机械功率分流装置
技术领域：
本发明属于机械动力技术领域，涉及一种纯机械功率分流装置，使发动机和电动机等原动机工作于一最佳点状态，集机械动力参数调节、功率分流调节于一体，其功率分流调节功能通过内部功率分流调节和外部功率分流调节两种方式实现，效率高，能耗低。
背景技术：
机械传动过程中，功率输出调节一般根据负载需求通过调节发动机或电动机等动力输出设备实现，对燃料发动机而言，严重影响其运行工况，导致发动机工况不稳定，工作恶化，不可能实现燃料发动机运行状态的最佳化，严重浪费能源，同时严重污染环境；对电动机而言，会影响其运行工况，导致运行工况不稳定，工作恶化，影响其输出效率，特别是其输出功率降到一定程度时，其输出效率会急剧下降。目前，对于机械功率的分流，大多采用较复杂、多种机械部件相结合的方式，同时结合变速等功能，机械功率分流装置组装、维护等不够灵活，对于机械维护人员而言，往往弄得满手浑身油污，而且，对于功率分流调节功能实现方式往往过于简单，没有考虑各种功率分流调节功能实现方式的功效范围，大多仅通过单一方式实现。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计提供一种高效低能耗的纯机械功率分流装置，使发动机或电动机等原动机工作于一最佳点状态，集机械动力参数调节、功率分流调节于一体。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的主体结构包括机械动力控制器、动力输出装置、储能放能器、第一行星排、第二行星排、第三行星排、第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排、第七行星排、第一离合器、第二离合器、第三离合器和第四离合器，其中储能放能器包括飞轮储能器、液压储能器、发电机、蓄电池、双向变量液压泵和油箱；机械动力控制器分别与动力输出装置、储能放能器、第一离合器、第二离合器、第三离合器和第四离合器电信息连通；动力输出装置为燃料发动机或电动机，动力输出装置与第一离合器连接；第二离合器的一端与第一离合器相连，另一端与飞轮储能器相连；第三离合器的一端与第一离合器相连，另一端与双向变量液压泵连接；双向变量液压泵与液压储能器连接，第四离合器的两端分别与第一离合器和发电机相连；油箱连接在双向变量液压泵上，第一离合器与第一行星排连接，第二行星排和第三行星排分别与第一行星排连接，第二行星排和第三行星排分别牵引出第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排和第七行星排，七个行星排均为一输入两输出行星排；动力输出装置输出的机械动能通过第一行星排分成两路输出，其中一路通过第二行星排分成两路输出，另一路则通过第三行星排分成两路输出，形成四路动力输出；同理，通过第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排和第七行星排形成八路动力输出。
本发明所述动力输出装置仅有工作于最佳经济工作区和停止两种状态，动力输出装置通过机械动力控制器控制储能放能器的状态从而匹配适应负载动力需求，机械动力输出功率大于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能器有效回收多余机械功率；机械动力输出功率小于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能器放出能量补充不足的机械功率。
本发明所述储能放能器的储能功能通过飞轮储能器、液压储能器、发电机和蓄电池实现，如果需要储存的能量较少，且时间较短，通过飞轮储能器储存；如果需要储存的能量较多，且时间较长，通过液压储能器储存；如果需要储存的能量多，且时间长，通过发电机将储存能量转换为电能，由蓄电池储存；飞轮储能器储存的能量和液压储能器储存的能量均能通过发电机将储存能量转换为电能实现长时间储存；储能放能器释放能量时，将飞轮储能器中储存的能量直接转换为机械能输出；液压储能器中储存的能量通过双向变量液压泵和油箱实现能量转换输出机械能；蓄电池中储存的能量通过发电机转换为机械能，实现动力输出；所有过程通过机械动力控制器实现有效控制。
本发明所述动力输出装置中功率分流调节功能分别或同时通过内部功率分流调节和外部功率分流调节两种方式实现，其中内部功率分流调节功能通过第一行星排、第二行星排、第三行星排、第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排和第七行星排组合实现，外部功率分流调节通过储能放能器实现。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：一是动力输出装置输出恒常功率，使发动机或电动机工作于最佳点状态，实现燃料发动机或电动机运行状态的最佳化，实现动力装置高效低能耗；二是通过储能放能器和动力输出装置在一定范围内工作可不受负载影响；三是动力输出装置通过机械动力控制器匹配适应负载动力需求，机械功率大于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能模块有效回收剩余机械功率；机械功率小于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能模块放出能量补充不足的机械功率；四是通过机械动力控制模块自动或手动调节功率分流调节方式，实现高效低能耗，通过储能/放能模块实现动力输出调节功能；五是该装置能驱动多个机构，可做成变速器，实现八级变速，能实现制动能回收；其结构简单，原理科学，工作效率高，能量回收效果好，成本低，能耗少，环境友好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的主体结构原理示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例：
本实施例的主体结构包括机械动力控制器1、动力输出装置2、储能放能器3、第一行星排4A、第二行星排5A、第三行星排5B、第四行星排6A、第五行星排6B、第六行星排6C、第七行星排6D、第一离合器7A、第二离合器7B、第三离合器7C和第四离合器7D，其中储能放能器3包括飞轮储能器3A、液压储能器3B、发电机3C、蓄电池3D、双向变量液压泵3E和油箱3F；机械动力控制器1分别与动力输出装置2、储能放能器3、第一离合器7A、第二离合器7B、第三离合器7C和第四离合器7D电信息连通；动力输出装置2为燃料发动机或电动机，动力输出装置2与第一离合器7A连接；第二离合器7B的一端与第一离合器7A相连，另一端与飞轮储能器3A相连；第三离合器7C的一端与第一离合器7A相连，另一端与双向变量液压泵3E连接；双向变量液压泵3E与液压储能器3B连接，第四离合器7D的两端分别与第一离合器7A和发电机3C相连；油箱3F连接在双向变量液压泵3E上，第一离合器与第一行星排4A连接，第二行星排5A和第三行星排5B分别与第一行星排4A连接，第二行星排5A和第三行星排5B分别牵引出第四行星排6A、第五行星排6B、第六行星排6C和第七行星排6D，七个行星排均为一输入两输出行星排；动力输出装置2输出的机械动能通过第一行星排4A分成两路输出，其中一路通过第二行星排5A分成两路输出，另一路则通过第三行星排5B分成两路输出，由此形成四路动力输出；同理，通过第四行星排6A、第五行星排6B、第六行星排6C和第七行星排6D形成八路动力输出。
本实施例所述动力输出装置2仅有工作于最佳经济工作区和停止两种状态，动力输出装置2通过机械动力控制器1控制储能放能器3的状态从而匹配适应负载动力需求，机械动力输出功率大于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能器3有效回收多余机械功率；机械动力输出功率小于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能器3放出能量补充不足的机械功率。
本实施例所述储能放能器3的储能功能通过飞轮储能器3A、液压储能器3B、发电机3C和蓄电池3D实现，如果需要储存的能量较少，且时间较短，通过飞轮储能器3A储存；如果需要储存的能量较多，且时间较长，通过液压储能器3B储存；如果需要储存的能量多，且时间长，通过发电机3C将储存能量转换为电能，由蓄电池3D储存；飞轮储能器3A储存的能量和液压储能器3B储存的能量均能通过发电机3C将储存能量转换为电能实现长时间储存；储能放能器3释放能量时，将飞轮储能器3A中储存的能量直接转换为机械能输出；液压储能器3B中储存的能量通过双向变量液压泵3E和油箱3F实现能量转换输出机械能；蓄电池3D中储存的能量通过发电机3C转换为机械能，实现动力输出；所有过程通过机械动力控制器1实现有效控制。
本实施例所述动力输出装置2中功率分流调节功能分别或同时通过内部功率分流调节和外部功率分流调节两种方式实现，其中内部功率分流调节功能通过第一行星排4A、第二行星排5A、第三行星排5B、第四行星排6A、第五行星排6B、第六行星排6C和第七行星排6D组合实现，外部功率分流调节通过储能放能器3实现。

Claims (4)

1.一种纯机械功率分流装置，其特征在于主体结构包括机械动力控制器、动力输出装置、储能放能器、第一行星排、第二行星排、第三行星排、第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排、第七行星排、第一离合器、第二离合器、第三离合器和第四离合器，其中储能放能器包括飞轮储能器、液压储能器、发电机、蓄电池、双向变量液压泵和油箱；机械动力控制器分别与动力输出装置、储能放能器、第一离合器、第二离合器、第三离合器和第四离合器电信息连通；动力输出装置为燃料发动机或电动机，动力输出装置与第一离合器连接；第二离合器的一端与第一离合器相连，另一端与飞轮储能器相连；第三离合器的一端与第一离合器相连，另一端与双向变量液压泵连接；双向变量液压泵与液压储能器连接，第四离合器的两端分别与第一离合器和发电机相连；油箱连接在双向变量液压泵上，第一离合器与第一行星排连接，第二行星排和第三行星排分别与第一行星排连接，第二行星排牵引出第四行星排和第五行星排，第三行星排牵引出第六行星排和第七行星排，七个行星排均为一输入两输出行星排；动力输出装置输出的机械动能通过第一行星排分成两路输出，其中一路通过第二行星排分成两路输出，另一路则通过第三行星排分成两路输出，形成四路动力输出；同理，通过第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排和第七行星排形成八路动力输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纯机械功率分流装置，其特征在于所述动力输出装置有工作于最佳经济工作区和停止两种状态，动力输出装置通过机械动力控制器控制储能放能器的状态从而匹配适应负载动力需求，机械动力输出功率大于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能器有效回收多余机械功率；机械动力输出功率小于负载动力需求时，利用储能放能器放出能量补充不足的机械功率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纯机械功率分流装置，其特征在于所述储能放能器的储能功能通过飞轮储能器、液压储能器、发电机和蓄电池实现，如果需要储存的能量较少，且时间较短，通过飞轮储能器储存；如果需要储存的能量较多，且时间较长，通过液压储能器储存；如果需要储存的能量多，且时间长，通过发电机将储存能量转换为电能，由蓄电池储存；飞轮储能器储存的能量和液压储能器储存的能量均能通过发电机将储存能量转换为电能实现长时间储存；储能放能器释放能量时，将飞轮储能器中储存的能量直接转换为机械能输出；液压储能器中储存的能量通过双向变量液压泵和油箱实现能量转换输出机械能；蓄电池中储存的能量通过发电机转换为机械能，实现动力输出；所有过程通过机械动力控制器实现控制。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纯机械功率分流装置，其特征在于所述动力输出装置中功率分流调节功能分别或同时通过内部功率分流调节和外部功率分流调节两种方式实现，其中内部功率分流调节功能通过第一行星排、第二行星排、第三行星排、第四行星排、第五行星排、第六行星排和第七行星排组合实现，外部功率分流调节通过储能放能器实现。
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