CN102273432B - Method for producing drone of light yellow encarsia amicula by taking encarsia formosa gahan as breeding host - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing a drone of light yellow encarsia amicula by taking encarsia formosa gahan as a breeding host. The light yellow encarsia amicula is a potential ideal natural enemy for controlling international insect pest bemisa babaci. Under natural conditions, the light yellow encarsia amicula are few, and capability of controlling the bemisa babaci is restricted to the utmost extent. Production and release of the drone are important for the light yellow encarsia amicula to control the bemisa babaci. In the invention, unmated drone of the light yellow encarsia amicula is released, the encarsia Formosa in a three age-prepupa stage is taken as a secondary host for breeding the drone, and high-quality and high-efficiency production of the light yellow encarsia amicula is realized. The drone of the light yellow encarsia amicula produced by adopting the invention has the advantages such as short development duration, high emergence rate, large body and obvious increase of parasitic quantity after the drone is mated with a queen bee and the like and can be effectively used for biological control of mealywing insect pests such as the bemisa babaci and the like.

Description

Method for Producing Drones of E. japonica by Using Lepidos wasps as Propagation Hosts

technical field

The invention relates to a method for quickly and efficiently propagating the drone of A. japonica, and furthermore provides a method for producing the drone of .

Background technique

Bemisia tabaci has become an international problem in agricultural production. The rising status of this pest is mainly related to the successful invasion of type B whitefly Bemisia tabaci (also known as silverleaf whitefly) in recent years. Bemisia tabaci damages more than 600 species of host plants. After feeding on them, it not only weakens the growth of crops, but also causes physiological and metabolic disorders of plants, such as zucchini silver leaf reaction and irregular ripening of tomatoes. In addition, it can cause more serious indirect damage. The secreted honeydew not only affects the photosynthesis of plants, but also breeds the growth of mold, thereby reducing the price and quality of agricultural products. More importantly, it can be used as a vector insect to spread viral diseases, causing a pandemic of plant virus diseases. At present, this pest is widely distributed all over the world, and has become one of the most important pests in field broad-leaved crops, vegetables, horticulture, and garden production.

At present, the application of pesticides is still the most important method to control whitefly pests. Chemical pesticides, especially broad-spectrum highly toxic pesticides not only directly threaten human health, but also seriously pollute the environment. With the extensive use of pesticides, it has also caused the continuous rise of pest resistance and the serious weakening of the natural control effect of natural enemies. In the long run, the application of biological control of natural enemy insects is an inevitable trend to control these pests. Especially for some vegetables and horticultural crops with high economic value, the biological control of "using insects to control insects" has become more realistic and feasible.

Parasitic wasps can kill their hosts in two ways. One is parasitism, which lays eggs inside or outside the host body, and finally kills them through larvae feeding; The hemolymph thus kills them. Many attempts to control whiteflies using parasitoids of the genera Encarsia and Eretmocerus have met with some success. Judging from the current application status, E. formosa is the parasitoid with the highest degree of commercial production and the most common application in controlling whitefly pests under greenhouse conditions. Trialeurodes vaporariorum is the most ideal natural enemy, but this parasitoid cannot effectively control the occurrence and damage of whitefly. E. sophia is a facultative hyperparasitic wasp. It reproduces differently from traditional parasitic wasps. The mated female wasp will lay fertilized eggs in whitefly nymphs, which will develop into females in the future without mating The female wasps will produce male insects in the future by parasitizing the female offspring of their own species or similar species. The results of the study showed that the parasitism ability of the normally mated E. japonica was comparable to that of the wasp, but the ability of adult females of this parasitic wasp to feed on the host was three times that of the latter. Taken together, the control effect of A. japonica on Bemisia tabaci is significantly better than that on A. spp., and it is a potential ideal natural enemy for controlling the international pest Bemisia tabaci. However, under natural conditions, the number of drones of E. flavus is rare, and their ability to control Bemisia tabaci is greatly limited. Therefore, the production and release of drones is very important for the control of whitefly by E. japonica.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides a method for producing the drones of the genus japonica by using the genus japonica as a breeding host, which is a new technology for breeding the drones of the genus japonica, which can scientifically and effectively use the genus japonica to control smoke powder Lice pests lay a good foundation.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Cultivation of host plants

Seed, grow seedlings, and colonize host plants according to conventional methods; cultivate host plants in a greenhouse with sufficient light and controlled environmental conditions, and when the seedlings grow to have 3 true leaves, single plants are colonized in flowerpots; when the host plants grow to Use 8-10 true leaves for later use;

(2) Inoculation and breeding of primary hosts

Put the prepared host plants into the whitefly breeding room, and shake the host plants that feed the whiteflies, so that the adult whiteflies spread to the newly inserted plants. After 24 hours, the collection of eggs is completed, and the host plants with whitefly eggs The plants were transferred to the insect development room (the environmental conditions of the insect development room were 26-28°C, 60-70% R.H., 14:10 L:D, the same below), and after 12 days, when the whitefly nymphs developed to the early fourth instar, they were ready for use;

(3) Breeding of secondary or secondary hosts

Move the host plant with the fourth-instar whitefly nymphs into the breeding room (environmental conditions are 26-28°C, 60-70% R.H., 14:10 L:D), and insert the secondary host bees into the adult bees (the number of bees received is ≥ Bees: nymphs ≥ 1:30), after 48 hours, remove the secondary host bees and transfer the host plants to the insect development room; after 7 days, check the development progress of the secondary host bees, when the parasitoid bees develop to the third instar Larval-prepupal stage for use;

(4) Preparation of the mother generation of E. flavus wasps

Move the host plant with the fourth-instar whitefly nymph into the beehive chamber, insert the mated Aphidia flavus wasps (female and male bees are mixed in at a ratio of 3:1), and remove the bee after 48 hours (when removing the bee, move the host plant into Airtight room, medicament fumigation for 3 hours to kill the remaining parasitoids), and transfer the host plants to the insect development room; after 13 days, all the parasitoids that emerged were virgin wasps of A. Drones used to parasitize secondary hosts to produce E. flavus;

(5) Breeding of the drones of A.

The host plants with age-appropriate secondary hosts (third-instar nymphs-prepupal stage Aphidia cerevisiae) in the above (3) step were moved into the breeding room, and the newly eclosion (< 24 h) unmated female A. The number of honeybees received is A. japonica: secondary host ≥ 1:30. After 72 hours, remove the wasps. After 9 days, check the development progress of the drones of s. When it is higher than 95%, pick the leaves of the plants, make bee cards, pack them for storage or release them directly in the field with female bees.

The method for breeding the E. japonica drone of the present invention is characterized in that: the breeding of the secondary or secondary host described in step (3), wherein the bred secondary host is E. formosa .

The method for breeding the drones of E. japonica of the present invention is characterized in that: in the breeding of the secondary or secondary hosts described in step (3), the developmental stage of the wasps of a. Third instar larva - prepupa.

The method for breeding the drones of E. japonica according to the present invention is characterized in that: in the preparation of the mother generation of japonica japonica in step (4), all the mothers used to parasitize the secondary hosts to produce the drones are unmated The female bee of the light yellow aphid.

The method for breeding the E. japonica drones of the present invention is characterized in that: in step (5), the breeding of the E. japonica drones described in step (5), the number of bees received is the female bees of the enamel japonica: secondary hosts ≥ 1 : 30, the bee receiving time is not less than 72h.

The positive effect of the present invention is that: Bemisia tabaci is an internationally important pest, and currently there is no efficient parasitic natural enemy insect to control its damage. Combining the control effects of parasitism and feeding on hosts, E. japonica was considered to be an ideal parasitoid for controlling Bemisia tabaci, but the number of drones released played a decisive role in its effect. The invention is a new technology for breeding the aphid aphidica drones, which can lay a good foundation for scientifically and effectively utilizing the aphid aphid aphidus to control bemisia tabaci pests.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the main flowchart of the production and reproduction of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Further illustrate the present invention by the following examples, do not limit the present invention in any way, under the premise of not departing from the technical solution of the present invention, any modification or change that those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention is done to realize easily will all be fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Example 1

Massive reproduction of the drones of Aphidia japonica with Bemisia tabaci as host insects

The main process of large-scale production and reproduction of the aphid japonica drones is shown in Figure 1. The specific operations of applying this invention to produce 10,000 drones are as follows:

1) Cultivation of host plants

Sowing, raising seedlings and planting tomatoes according to conventional methods. Cultivate tomato plants in a greenhouse with sufficient light and controlled environmental conditions. When the seedlings grow to have 3 true leaves, a single plant is planted in a flower pot (caliber 18cm, depth 12cm), and a total of 10 pots are required. When the tomato grows to 8-10 true leaves, remove the heart leaves (it helps to keep the extended growth of the leaves and prevent the plants from growing too much), and keep the leaves when they grow to about 8cm long for later use.

2) Inoculation and breeding of primary hosts

Put the prepared tomato plants into the Bemisia tabaci breeding room, and shake the host plant that feeds the whitefly, so that the adults of the whitefly spread to the newly inserted plants. After 24 hours, check the number of eggs on the back of the leaf. When the number of eggs is higher than 200, the collection of eggs is over, and the tomato plants with whitefly eggs are transferred to the insect development room (26-28°C, 60-70% R.H., 14:10 L:D, the same below). After 12 days, when the whitefly nymphs develop to the early stage of the fourth instar, they are ready for use.

3) Breeding of secondary (or secondary) hosts

Move the tomato plants with the fourth instar whitefly nymphs into the bee breeding room (the conditions are the same as the insect development room), and insert 500 adult bees of the beetles, remove the adult bees after 48 hours, and transfer the tomato plants to the insect development room. After 7 days, check the developmental progress of the wasps, and prepare them for use when the parasitoids develop to the third instar larvae-prepupa stage.

4) Preparation of the mother Aphid aphid wasps

Get 1 pot of tomato plants with fourth-instar whitefly nymphs and move them into the beehive room, insert 50 mated bees, and remove the bees after 48 hours (when removing bees, move the host plant into the airtight room, fumigate with the medicament for 3 hours, kill dead remaining parasitoids) and transfer the tomato plants to an insect development chamber. After 13 days, the about 1000 parasitic wasps that emerged were all virgin wasps of E. japonica, and these unmated females would be directly used to parasitize secondary hosts to produce drones of E. japonica.

5) Breeding of the drones of the light yellow aphid

Transfer the tomato plants with age-appropriate secondary hosts (third-instar nymphs-prepupal stage Aphids) in the above step (3) into the breeding room, and at the same time, insert the virgin bees of the above (4) step into , the number of bees received should not be less than 500, and the wasps of A. After 9 days, microscopically check the developmental progress of the drones of A. japonica. When the black pupae rate is higher than 95%, pick the leaves of the plants, make bee cards, package them for storage or directly release them in the field together with the female bees. According to the test, the eclosion rate of the buffalo wasp breeding drone was higher than 80%. the

Example 2

The selection of different secondary hosts by the wasp A. japonica

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Insects to be tested

Host insect: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) type B

Parasitic wasps: Encarsia sophia (Girault &Dodd); Encarsia formosa Gahan; Eretmocerus melanoscutus Zolnerowich & Rose.

Tested host plants

Cabbage Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata . Reserve when the potted cabbage grows to three true leaves.

experiment method

1.3.1 Secondary host selection experiment

When the larvae of the secondary hosts of the tested secondary hosts, A. japonica, A. japonica, and A. diaspora were developed to the third instar stage, the leaves of cabbage were cut off and the petioles were wrapped with absorbent cotton and cultured in a 60ml measuring cup. Microscopic examination removes unparasitized whitefly nymphs and individual parasitoids that have not reached the developmental stage, so that each leaf retains 20 individual parasitoid larvae at the eager stage, and puts them into a transparent bee receiving box. Introduce 2 newly emerged and unmated female wasps of Aphids flavus, remove the bees after 48 hours, and check the number of secondary hosts parasitized by microscope after 6 days. After 10 days, record the number of drones that have emerged on each secondary host every day, and measure the size of the drones (measure body length and head shell width), and finally count the developmental duration and emergence rate. Each treatment was repeated 25 times.

Functional Assays of Drones from Different Secondary Host Sources

Take 1 newly emerged and unmated female bee of A. japonica, pair with 1 newly emerged and unmated drone from different sources, and insert them into a micro cage with about 60 third-instar whitefly nymphs on the leaves Within every 24 hours, they were transferred to microcages with a similar number of whitefly nymphs until the female bees died, and the total number of parasites was finally counted. Each treatment was repeated 20 times.

The above experiments were all carried out in a standard artificial climate chamber (26-28 °C, 60-70% R.H. and 14: 10 L:D).

results and analysis

The results of the study showed that the female wasps of E. japonica prefer to use A. japonica as the secondary host for male production. When the wasp larvae of Lepidos spp., S. diabolica and female wasp larvae of this species were provided as male hosts, the percentages of parasitism were 76.2%, 45.6% and 26.6%, respectively. When A. japonica was used as the host for male production, the drones of E. japonica developed faster and had a higher eclosion rate (84%), and the eclosion drones were significantly larger than those on other hosts. More importantly, compared with males from other sources, when females of E. japonica mated with males bred with B. tabaci, more B. tabaci nymphs were parasitized (78.5 vs 52.8-55.0).

On the whole, Limas wasp is the most suitable secondary host for breeding the drones of En.

Claims (5)

1. A method for breeding the buffalo aphid wasp drone, comprising the following steps: 1) Cultivation of host plants Sowing, raising seedlings and colonizing host plants according to conventional methods; cultivating host plants in a greenhouse with sufficient light and controlled environmental conditions, and standby when the host plants grow to 8-10 true leaves; 2) Inoculation and breeding of primary hosts Put the prepared host plant into the whitefly breeding room. After 24 hours, the egg collection is over, and the host plant with whitefly eggs is transferred to the insect development room. After 12 days, when the whitefly nymph develops to the early fourth instar, it will be ready for use; 3) Breeding of secondary or secondary hosts Move the host plant with fourth-instar whitefly nymphs into the breeding room, insert the secondary host bees, remove the adult bees of the secondary host bees after 48 hours, and transfer the host plants to the insect development room, and check the secondary hosts after 7 days The development progress of the bee, which will be used when the wasp develops to the third instar larva-prepupa stage; 4) Preparation of the mother Aphid aphid wasps Move the host plant with the fourth-instar whitefly nymphs into the bee breeding room, insert the mated female wasps of A. flavus, and remove the bee after 48 hours, and transfer the host plant to the insect development room. After 13 days, all the parasitoid bees that have emerged For unmated virgin bees of E. flavus, these unmated females will be directly used to parasitize secondary hosts to produce drones of E. flavus; 5) Breeding of the drones of the light yellow aphid The host plants of the third-instar nymph-prepupa stage of the above-mentioned step (3) were moved into the beehive chamber, and the unmated female bees of A. Aphidia fragrans: secondary host ≥ 1:30, remove the aphids flavus after 72 hours, check the development progress of the drones of aphids flavonoids after 9 days, and pick the plants when the black pupae rate is higher than 95% Leaves are used to make bee cards, packaged for storage or directly released to the field with female bees. 2. The method for breeding the drones of E. japonica as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3) of the breeding of the secondary or secondary hosts, the secondary hosts to be bred are Aphids wasps. 3. The method for breeding the drones of E. flavus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the breeding of the secondary or secondary hosts described in step (3), the b. The developmental stage is the third instar larva-prepupa. 4. The method for breeding the drones of E. flavus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation of the mother generation of E. flavus in step (4) is used to parasitize the secondary hosts to produce all the mothers of the drones It is an unmated female bee of Aphidia flavus. 5. The method for breeding E. flavina drones according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (5) of the breeding of E. flavus flavus drones, the number of bees received is: e. The first-level host is ≥ 1:30, and the bee receiving time is not less than 72h.