CN101002529A - Method for preventing and controlling cotton bollworm - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preventing and eliminating cotton ballworm features that in the field in which the cotton is going to be planted, all the cotton plants must be cleared within one year, and the distance between the field area in which the cotton has been planted in previous year and the field area in which the cotton is planted in current year must be more than 2 Km.

Description

A kind of method of preventing and treating cotton bollworm

One, technical field

The present invention relates to the control of cotton field damage by disease and insect, be specifically related to a kind of method of preventing and treating cotton bollworm.

Two, background technology

Cotton bollworm, formal name used at school Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) different name Heliothis armigera Hubner belongs to Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, the another name boll fruit armyworm is a kind of universal insect, all there is distribution in domestic each cotton region and causes harm.Cotton bollworm is the polyphagy insect, except that the cotton of causing harm, and the crops such as wheat, corn, jowar of can also causing harm.China cotton region is injured heavily with the Huanghe valley, the Yangtze river basin.The cotton bollworm characteristics that cause harm: when causing harm cotton, larva food evil tender leaf becomes to incise or hole; The bract of causing harm behind the square is opened flavescence, and channel is arranged at the bottom of flower bud, the about 5mm of diameter, and rounding not, no ight soil in the flower bud, flower bud has lumpy stool outward, and the flower bud bract is opened and becomes yellowish-brown, promptly comes off after 2-3 days.When blue or green bell was injured, the base portion of bell had channel, and the aperture is thick, and subcircular, ight soil are deposited in outside the channel, and russet is eaten the cottonseed and the fiber that remove a Room or multicell in the bell, and fiber of not eating and seed are water stain shape, become mashed bell.1 larva more than ten cotton buds and bolls of often causing harm, serious fruit abscission rate is over half.

Cotton bollworm becomes the long 14-18mm of polypide, wing expanse 30-38mm, taupe.Fore wing tool brown circular whorl and kidney shape line have two brown lines on the costa in kidney line the place ahead, the kidney line outside is the wide cross band of brown, and each arteries and veins of petiolarea has been asked stain.Hind wing yellow-white or filbert, petiolarea brown or black.The about 0.5mm of ovum, hemispherical, milky, tool is grid in length and breadth.The long 30-42mm of ripe larva body, body colour alters a great deal, and by pale green, light red to reddish brown and even black purple, common is green type and reddish brown colour pattern.The head yellowish-brown, lineback, inferior lineback and upper spiracel line are dark ordinate, valve white, the abdominal foot crochets are for being with in two prefaces.Two shirtfront side hair (L1, lz) lines and prothoracic spiracles lower end are tangent or crossing.Body surface is covered with spinule, and its base is bigger.The long 17-21mm of pupa, yellowish-brown.The back side and the outside of belly of belly 5-7 joint have 7-8 to arrange semicircle punctum, 2 of cremaster hook thorns.

The cotton bollworm life habit: landlocked cotton region year of special precocious cotton region, Liaoning and northwest gave birth to for 3 generations, North China and 4 generations of cotton region, the Huanghe valley, cotton region, Yangtze river basin 4-5 generation, cotton region, south China 6-8 generation, survived the winter in soil with the diapause pupa.Huanghe valley winter generation adult sees in late April beginning, first brood of larvae mainly cause harm wheat, pea, flax, vegetables, and wherein wheatland accounts for total amount 70-80%, the second generation adult beginning sees the early and middle ten days in July, mid or late July contains and sends out, and main evil cotton and worm amount are very concentrated, account for total amount 95%.Also cause harm corn, Chinese sorghum, peanut, beans, tomato etc., worm were measured and disperseed, and account for 50-60% in the cotton field except that the cotton of causing harm third and fourth generation, and the three generations adult beginning sees the early and middle ten days in August, and time of origin is long, and the Yangtze river basin four generations adult beginning sees early and middle ten days in September.Cotton enters the Sheng phase of buddingging in June, and the ovum of generation cotton bollworm mainly produces in the tender head of cotton plant, tender leaf front, and it is many that the good cotton field of growing way morning of buddingging ovum, and the ovum amount is big, is injured heavily.Two generation adult contain in July and early August and send out, ovum is produced on the tender leaf and tender flower bud bract of the cotton plant top heart, the limit heart, it is many that flower bud is many, the vigorous cotton field of growth ovum, the three generations adult is contained in mid or late August and sends out, ovum looses more to be produced on tender flower bud, tender bell bract, three generations's emergence period is long, and generating capacity is big, and prosperous length of later stage, tardy cotton field are injured heavily.Adult is in the mate and oviposit at night, whenever femalely on average lays eggs 1000, and egg development is gone through 15 ℃ of phases and is 6-14 days; 20 ℃, 5-9 days; 25 ℃, 4 days; 30 ℃, 2 days.Newly hatched larvae is the food chorion earlier, and the growing point and get the food tender leaf of beginning to cause harm in second day was transferred to channel on the young flower bud on the 4th day, pierced after 2 ages and got the anthophagy stamen in the tender flower bud.3-4 instar larvae mainly cause harm flower bud and flower, cause bud drop, 5-6 enters the gluttony phase in age, mostly be the blue or green bell of evil, big flower bud or flower, eating into from base portion of the blue or green bell of causing harm eaten, and channel is big, the worm faecal pellet is big and many outside the hole, larva has changes the bell habit that causes harm, the latter half of outside of staying of health during moth evil cotton buds and bolls, whole larval phase can cause harm a flower bud, flower, bell surplus in the of 10.Aged larva often illegally occupied and get the anthophagy device in spending cloudy day, and three ages, above larva often cut one another's throats.The larva great majority are totally 6 ages, and indivedual 5 ages or 7 ages, larva is development duration under different temperatures: 20 ℃ is 31 days, and 25 ℃ is 22.7 days, and 30 ℃ is 17.4 days.Mature larva is built native chamber at the 3-9cm topsoil and is pupated, and native chamber has protective effect, and adult spreads the wings after climbing out of native face along former road during emergence, and the winter ploughing winter irrigation destroys native chamber, influences eclosion rate.

Pupa development is gone through the phase: 20 ℃ is 28 days, 25 ℃ 18 days, 28 ℃ 13.6 days, 30 ℃ 9.6 days.The moist insect of genus heliothis happiness temperature happiness, adult lays eggs thermophilic more than 23 ℃, seldom lays eggs below 20 ℃; Larvae development is the most suitable with relative moisture 75-90% with 25-28 ℃.Especially the influence with humidity is comparatively remarkable in the north, and the moon falls and measures more than 100mm, and relative moisture 70% causes harm seriously when above.But excessive rainfall causes soil compaction, is unfavorable for then that larva buries to pupate simultaneously that the lethality of pupa increases.In addition, heavy rain can wash out bollworm eggs, and inhibitory action is also arranged.Adult needs to get food and supplements the nutrients on nectariferous plant.In recent years, cotton bollworm is caused harm to cotton and is on the rise.Main cause: the one, pattern of farming changes and the cotton field water and fertilizer condition constantly improves, for each provides the environment and the suitable food of suitable life for cotton bollworm.The 2nd, the spring corn area reduces, and wheatland liquid manure abundance has been improved the habitat of generation cotton bollworm, has accelerated rate of development, for the second generation provides a large amount of worms source in the cotton field.The 3rd, wheat is overlapped cotton area to be increased, very favourable to the four generations of cotton bollworm generation, for the next year cotton bollworm provides more worm source.The 4th, the comprehensive preventive health measures based on chemoprevention does not for a long time catch up with, and causes pesticide resistance to increase sharply, and natural enemy killed and wounded, and has reduced natural control action.In addition, meet the meteorological condition that is fit to the big generation of cotton bollworm again, all can cause the cotton bollworm wildness to cause harm.Cotton bollworm fertility thermophilic is 25-28 ℃, relative moisture 75-90%, and rainfall is often and rainfall easily big generation that be evenly distributed during the cotton of causing harm.The cotton field that pour water in time in the arid area or water and fertilizer condition is good, growing way is vigorous, previous crops are that the cotton field and the corn of wheat class or green manure done the cotton field with the cotton neighbour, and be favourable to the cotton bollworm generation.Natural enemy has oophagous trichogrammae, braconid wasp, cocoon honeybee, ichneumon wasp, posts kinds more than 60 such as fly, spider, careless bell, ladybug, mantis, minute pirate bugs.

The method of present control cotton bollworm is:

1. cultural control

(1) enhance field management, the winter ploughing winter irrigation is carried out in area with good conditionsi, eliminates the pupa of surviving the winter.

(2) thinning, final singling in good time, the branch and beat Bian Xin etc. of pruning, pinch, fan the air, and in time take the cotton field out of and focus on.

(3) seed selection pest-resistant cultivar (being), for example anti-the choosing 1,2,3, No. 4, U82-1, in plant 372 etc.

(4) cotton field plantation bait crop as every mu of cotton field maize planting, jowar 100～150 strains, can reduce the cotton ovum amount that falls that goes up cotton bollworm more significantly, alleviates cotton bollworm causing harm to cotton.

2. biological control

(1) controls worm with bacterium, can large tracts of land promote the use of Bt preparation and bollworm virus preparation.

(2) with worm system worm, by carrying out cotton wheat interplanting, modes such as cotton and rape intercropping are protected the cotton field natural ral enemies, give full play to the effect of nature governing factor.

(3) use biological agricultural chemicals, as the biological agricultural chemicals such as young urea, avermectin that go out.

3. adult baiting technique

(1) the light trap adult is remarkable with fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp, black light lamp trapping cotton bollworm adult effect, especially when the big generation of cotton bollworm, can reduce the cotton field and fall the ovum amount more than 50%, and every lamp is apart from about 200 meters.

(2) branch of poplar the trapping every mu with branch of poplar 10 handles about, effect is remarkable, application lure effect is better in addition, can reduce the effective ovum amount in cotton field.

4. chemical control

Generally in the Sheng phase medication of bollworm eggs, effect is more satisfactory in chemical control.The 2nd generation cotton bollworm chemical control adopt the mode of " snowflake caping ", the 3rd, 4 generation cotton bollworm control adopt the mode of " two turn over a button, and the four sides is beaten ".Main medicament has:

1. 2.5% presses down 1000 times of hooligan or the dilutions of stuck gram missible oil;

2. 2,4%0,000 Lingshui Spring dilution agent is 1000～1500 times;

3. the dilution of 25% acephatemet missible oil is 1000～1500 times;

4. the dilution of 50% parathion-methyl missible oil is 1000～1500 times;

5. 75% UC-51762 wettable powder dilution agent 1500～2500;

Though said method can be used for preventing and treating cotton bollworm, effect is not fine.

Three, summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of being convenient to and implement, control efficiency is good, the method for the control cotton bollworm that helps promoting.

The characteristics that the present invention prevents and treats the method for cotton bollworm are: in preparing the zone of plant cotton, in year, all cotton full scale clearances are fallen, and the plot that grows cotton then will be separated by distance more than the 2km of the plot that grows cotton last year.

The method principle that the present invention prevents and treats cotton bollworm is: cotton bollworm only eats this a kind of crop of cotton, when in year, all cotton full scale clearances is fallen, and cotton bollworm has just lost the food of existence, only dies.Because the plot above distance of 2km of being separated by of the plot of next year plant cotton and last one year of plant cotton, like this near the moth in plot fly in the zone less than plant cotton, so grow cotton with regard to not living cotton bollworm.

Advantage of the present invention is: be convenient to implement, control efficiency is good, helps promoting.

Four, embodiment

Prepare the plot plant cotton, condition is the 2km scope on every side on this piece ground, and do not plant cotton last one year, and in the previous year, this piece ground must fall all cotton full scale clearances.Because cotton bollworm only eats this a kind of crop of cotton, when in year, all cotton full scale clearances are fallen, cotton bollworm has just lost the food of existence, only dies.Because the plot above distance of 2km of being separated by of the plot of next year plant cotton and last one year of plant cotton, like this near the moth in plot fly in the plot less than plant cotton, so grow cotton with regard to not living cotton bollworm.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of method of preventing and treating cotton bollworm is characterized in that: in preparing the zone of plant cotton, in year, all cotton full scale clearances are fallen, and the plot that grows cotton then will be separated by distance more than the 2km of the plot that grows cotton last year.