CN102972353B - Three-dimensional scale mixed feeding method for ophraella communa and epiblema strenuana - Google Patents
Three-dimensional scale mixed feeding method for ophraella communa and epiblema strenuana Download PDFInfo
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- CN102972353B CN102972353B CN201210500414.1A CN201210500414A CN102972353B CN 102972353 B CN102972353 B CN 102972353B CN 201210500414 A CN201210500414 A CN 201210500414A CN 102972353 B CN102972353 B CN 102972353B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of scale feeding of natural enemy insects, in particular to a three-dimensional scale mixed feeding method for two types of specific natural enemy insects, i.e., ophraella communa and epiblema strenuana invading ambrosia artemisiifolia serving as a malignant weed. The method comprises the following steps of: placing ambrosia artemisiifolia stalks or branches with epiblema strenuana mature larvae onto ambrosia artemisiifolia plant branches in a greenhouse; releasing epiblema strenuana for 10-15 days; and randomly releasing ophraella communa imagoes onto ambrosia artemisiifolia plant leaves in the greenhouse at multiple points. Due to the adoption of the method disclosed by the invention, feeding of more natural enemy insects in a smallest space is realized, and the aim of simultaneously cultivating two types of natural enemy insects in one feeding greenhouse is fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to natural enemy insect large-scale breeding field, relate to particularly a kind of method that diet of ophraella communa and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix raising.
Background technology
Artemisiifolia (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) originates from North America, is one of ten large pernicious invasive weeds in the world.Artemisiifolia was imported into behind China southeastern coastal areas in early 1930s, diffused to rapidly China 21Ge provinces and cities (district), and China's agricultural production, ecology and social safety have been caused to great threat.
Diet of ophraella communa (Ophraella communa) and artemisiifolia volume moth (Epiblema strenuana) are two kinds of important selectivity natural enemy insects of artemisiifolia, and they all come from Bei Meizhou.Diet of ophraella communa is assembled and is taken food artemisiifolia blade with larva and adult, when population density is large, artemisiifolia blade can be taken food totally, causes artemisiifolia not carry out photosynthesis and death rapidly.Artemisiifolia volume moth eats into into artemisiifolia cane or branch and causes harm with larva, forms insect gall after larval feeding, blocks nutrient and moisture to the transportation of artemisiifolia plant top, causes plant growing way weak, short and small, can plant is lethal when serious.
The extensive optimization of raising of natural enemy insect is to save space and swarm optimization.If two kinds of natural enemies can be raised in the same space, not only can greatly save space and cost, and more easily obtain people's favor.Yet, due to the often competition of Existential Space and nutritional resource between the insect of same nutrition stratum, therefore, be not that any two kinds of natural enemy insects can mix raising together.Generally speaking, two kinds of natural enemy insects are wanted can mix raisings, first possess space and Trophic Niche resource is not vied each other, and secondly the precedence of natural enemy insect raising will clearly, be finally that harvesting technique and method are proper.Possess above-mentioned 3 points, two kinds of natural enemy insects just can mix raising.
In view of the characteristic that takes food of two kinds of artemisiifolia natural enemy insects, it staggers completely on spatial niche resource and food resource, therefore, through exploring, the invention provides a kind of method that diet of ophraella communa and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix raising.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that diet of ophraella communa and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix raising.
According to the method for diet of ophraella communa of the present invention and the three-dimensional scale mixing of artemisiifolia volume moth raising, comprise the following steps:
1) due to a little less than artemisiifolia volume moth suppresses to the artemisiifolia of strain phase, therefore annual mid-April ~ by the end of April, first artemisiifolia being rolled up to moth mature larva is transferred in booth, From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or branch with this artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva are put on the host artemisiifolia plant bifurcated of having cultivated, every strain artemisiifolia is put 6 ~ 8 with From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch of artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva, each every 240m
2raising booth release worm amount is 1500 ~ 2000 mature larvas;
2) discharge artemisiifolia volume moth after 10 ~ 15 days, at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 5 months, the random multiple spot of diet of ophraella communa adult is released to and is raised in booth, adult is placed directly on artemisiifolia plant leaf, raises every 240m together with artemisiifolia volume moth
2it is 800 ~ 1200 that raising booth is released into borer population amount, supplements electric light illumination in 2 ~ 3 hours every night, to guarantee that every day, optical illumination darkness reached L:D=16:8 from 19:00 ~ 22:00;
3) collect adult.
According to the three-dimensional scale of diet of ophraella communa of the present invention and artemisiifolia volume moth, mix the method for raising, wherein, for step 3), at early and middle ten days in annual June, first collect diet of ophraella communa pupa or adult, and provide fresh artemisiifolia branches and leaves to diet of ophraella communa imago feeding; And then cut with the From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch that grow to 1.5 ~ 2cm artemisiifolia volume moth.
The method according to this invention, key was first in raising booth, to discharge artemisiifolia volume moth after 10 ~ 15 days, then discharged diet of ophraella communa adult and raise; First gather diet of ophraella communa the first tenday period of a month in June, then clip artemisiifolia volume moth insect gall.If these two links are not sure, can cause natural enemy insect population quantity to reduce or Quality Down.If such as first discharging diet of ophraella communa (it breeds a generation is 10 ~ 25 days), after artemisiifolia volume moth, put, finally may cause that artemisiifolia blade has been taken food in advance, plant early ageing and make that artemisiifolia volume moth egg place is few, larvae development is bad; Due to the blade surface of diet of ophraella communa plant, artemisiifolia mature larva is in artemisiifolia cane and branch, so while gathering, first gather diet of ophraella communa, rear collection artemisiifolia volume moth, can not cause like this and cause the injury to two outer a kind of natural enemies to gathering wherein a kind of natural enemy.
According to diet of ophraella communa of the present invention and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth, mix the method for raising, wherein, by following steps, plant and cultivate host artemisiifolia:
To grow to artemisiifolia sprigging that 15 ~ 20cm is high annual mid-January to standard simple plastic greenhouse, by the specification of spacing in the rows * line-spacing=53cm * 53cm, in each booth, plant 850 strain artemisiifolia seedling, supplement the electric light illumination of 3-4 hour every day, to guarantee that every day, optical illumination darkness reached L:D=16:8; To by the end of February, to every strain artemisiifolia seedling sealing fertilizer 40g, in described composite fertilizer, N, P, K content are 15wt%; To early March, every strain artemisiifolia seedling is filled with and executes the urea solution that 400ml concentration is 0.9g/L; And the removal apical dominance of pinching; To mid-April ~ by the end of April, artemisiifolia plant grows to 70 ~ 90cm, artemisiifolia plant now can be used for large-scale breeding diet of ophraella communa and artemisiifolia volume moth.
According to diet of ophraella communa of the present invention and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth, mix the method for raising, wherein, the worm source preparation of artemisiifolia volume moth is as follows:
From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch with artemisiifolia volume moth insect gall of annual early October field acquisition, remain on 30-40cm long, is placed on indoor foster worm frame and is saved to next year by the end of March.
According to diet of ophraella communa of the present invention and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth, mix the method for raising, wherein, the source preparation of diet of ophraella communa worm is as follows:
Annual mid-November, the potted plant seedling of artemisiifolia that 35 ~ 40cm is high is put in dependent insect cage, for diet of ophraella communa Adult worms producting eggs, artemisiifolia seedling with ovum grain is placed on the foster worm frame of conservation chamber, maintain indoor temperature at 12 ~ 14 ℃, illumination is L:D=16:8, to next year, be put into by the end of March under the illumination condition of the temperature of 28 ℃ and L:D=16:8, within 3 ~ 5 days, can hatch, after hatching, at the potted plant seedling of indoor artemisiifolia, raise to adult, indoor temperature maintains the temperature of 26 ~ 28 ℃ and the illumination condition of L:D=16:8, ovum hatching starts to raise from late March, to obtaining diet of ophraella communa adult at the beginning of by the end of April or 5 months.
The method according to this invention, selected diet of ophraella communa and artemisiifolia volume moth be two kinds there is host specificity, without the natural enemy insect of ecological risk, after artemisiifolia generating region discharges, can kill rapidly artemisiifolia, suppress Population Diffusion, seed and the pollen source of this pernicious invasive weed of artemisiifolia.
The invention provides a kind of method that diet of ophraella communa and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix raising, thereby realize, with minimum space, raise more natural enemy insect, reach one and raise the target of simultaneously cultivating two kinds of natural enemy insects in booth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the booth raising in mixed early stage (at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 5 months) of raising of two kinds of natural enemies and later stage (mid-June).
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Pernicious invasive weed artemisiifolia natural enemy insect diet of ophraella communa provided by the invention and the mixed method of raising of the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth, embodiment:
1, raise the booth of natural enemy insect
Specification is 30m * 8m(240m
2) standard simple plastic greenhouse.The soil fertility of booth is moderate, do not harden, and land smoothing becomes two furrow, the middle approximately passage of 1 ~ 1.2m that retains.The incandescent lamp of 10 ~ 15 100W or the fluorescent tube of 60 ~ 80W are installed in top.
2, artemisiifolia seedling is cultivated
Artemisiifolia seed is placed in 4 ℃ of refrigerator-freezers and processes continuously after 40 ~ 60 days, and the gibberellic acid that is 1.5wt% by concentration (902) acetone solution soaks 24 ~ 48 hours, after seed is pulled out, is seeded on the vacant lot of booth; Until artemisiifolia seedling, grow to 15 ~ 20cm when high, transplant.
2, the worm source preparation of artemisiifolia volume moth
The From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk with artemisiifolia volume moth insect gall of annual early October field acquisition or branch (remaining on 30-40cm long) are placed on indoor foster worm frame and are saved to next year by the end of March.
3, diet of ophraella communa worm source preparation
Annual mid-November, the potted plant seedling of artemisiifolia that 35 ~ 40cm is high is put in the dependent insect cage of 40cm * 40cm * 60cm, for diet of ophraella communa Adult worms producting eggs, with the artemisiifolia seedling of ovum grain, is placed on the foster worm frame of conservation chamber.Maintain indoor temperature at 12 ~ 14 ℃, illumination is L:D=16:8, to next year, be put into by the end of March under the illumination condition of the temperature of 28 ℃ and L:D=16:8, within 3 ~ 5 days, can hatch, after hatching, at the potted plant seedling of indoor artemisiifolia, raise to adult, indoor temperature maintains the temperature of 26 ~ 28 ℃ and the illumination condition of L:D=16:8.Ovum hatching starts to raise from late March, to obtaining diet of ophraella communa adult at the beginning of by the end of April or 5 months.
4, the plantation of host artemisiifolia and cultivation
To grow to artemisiifolia sprigging that 15 ~ 20cm is high annual mid-January to standard simple plastic greenhouse, by the specification of spacing in the rows * line-spacing=53cm * 53cm, in each booth, plant 850 strain artemisiifolia seedling, supplement the electric light illumination (to guarantee that every day, optical illumination darkness reached L:D=16:8) of 3-4 hour every day; To by the end of February, to every strain artemisiifolia seedling sealing fertilizer 40g, in described composite fertilizer, N, P, K content are 15wt%; To early March, every strain artemisiifolia seedling is filled with and executes the urea solution that 400ml concentration is 0.9g/L; And the removal apical dominance of pinching; To mid-April ~ by the end of April, artemisiifolia plant grows to 70 ~ 90cm, artemisiifolia plant now can be used for large-scale breeding diet of ophraella communa and artemisiifolia volume moth.
5, the three-dimensional mixing of diet of ophraella communa and artemisiifolia volume moth is raised
Due to a little less than artemisiifolia volume moth suppresses to the artemisiifolia of strain phase, therefore annual mid-April ~ by the end of April, first the artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva of step 2 is transferred in booth, From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk with this artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva or branch are put on the artemisiifolia plant bifurcated described in step 4, every strain artemisiifolia is put 6 ~ 8 with From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch of artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva, each above-mentioned 240m
2raising booth release worm amount is 1500 ~ 2000 mature larvas.Discharge artemisiifolia volume moth after 10 ~ 15 days, at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 5 months, the random multiple spot of diet of ophraella communa adult can be released to and raise in booth, adult is placed directly on artemisiifolia plant leaf, raises every above-mentioned 240m together with artemisiifolia volume moth
2it is 800 ~ 1200 that raising booth is released into borer population amount.From 19:00 ~ 22:00, supplement electric light illumination (to guarantee that every day, optical illumination darkness reached L:D=16:8) in 2 ~ 3 hours every night.
June, early and middle ten days, can first be collected in diet of ophraella communa pupa or adult in the transparent plastic insect box of 19cm * 12cm * 6cm, and provided the fresh artemisiifolia branches and leaves of some to diet of ophraella communa imago feeding; And then will cut and pack carton or large-scale woven bag into growing to the From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk of 1.5 ~ 2cm artemisiifolia volume moth or branch (retaining 30-40cm long).The province that can transport each artemisiifolia generation after two kinds of natural enemies install discharges.
After the hatching of above-mentioned artemisiifolia volume moth ovum grain, larva eats in artemisiifolia cane or branch and takes food, and larva to the growth of pupa all completes in cane or branch, to the mate and oviposit of going out after adult eclosion; Diet of ophraella communa ovum, larva, pupa and adult all complete growth at blade surface.Therefore, two kinds of natural enemy insects stagger completely on solid space, thereby can realize the three-dimensional mixed raising of two kinds of natural enemy insects.
6, the output of two kinds of natural enemy insects
Show after deliberation, the average fertility of the female worm of diet of ophraella communa is 1500 left and right, at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 6 months, grow 1 and need about 25 days from generation to generation, if every booth discharges 1200 diet of ophraella communa adults (female and male ratio is generally 1:1 at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 5 months, there are 600 female worms), to June early and middle ten days can complete for 2 ~ 3 generations and grow, therefore, each booth every year to June early and middle ten days can produce diet of ophraella communa and be about: 600*1800* (2 ~ 3)=180 ~ 2,700,000.The average fertility of the artemisiifolia volume female worm of moth is 300 left and right, at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 6 months, grow 1 and need about 35 days from generation to generation, if mid-April ~ every booth discharges 2000 diet of ophraella communa adults (female and male ratio is generally 1:1 by the end of April, there are 1000 female worms), to June early and middle ten days can complete for 2 generations and grow, therefore, each booth every year to June early and middle ten days can produce artemisiifolia volume moth and be about: ten thousand of 1000*300*2=60.
Claims (4)
1. diet of ophraella communa and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix a method of raising, and it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) annual mid-April～by the end of April, first artemisiifolia being rolled up to moth mature larva is transferred in booth, From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or branch with this artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva are put on the host artemisiifolia plant bifurcated of having cultivated, every strain artemisiifolia is put 6～8 with From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch of artemisiifolia volume moth mature larva, every 240m
2raising booth release worm amount is 1500～2000 mature larvas;
2) discharge artemisiifolia volume moth after 10～15 days, at the beginning of by the end of April～5 months, the random multiple spot of diet of ophraella communa adult is released to and is raised in booth, adult is placed directly on artemisiifolia plant leaf, raises every 240m together with artemisiifolia volume moth
2it is 800～1200 that raising booth is released into borer population amount, supplements electric light illumination in 2～3 hours every night, to guarantee that every day, optical illumination darkness reached L:D=16:8 from 19:00～22:00;
3) collect adult, at early and middle ten days in annual June, first collect diet of ophraella communa pupa or adult, and provide fresh artemisiifolia branches and leaves to diet of ophraella communa imago feeding; And then cut with the From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch that grow to 1.5～2cm artemisiifolia volume moth.
2. diet of ophraella communa according to claim 1 and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix the method for raising, and it is characterized in that, by following steps, are planted and are cultivated host artemisiifolia:
To grow to artemisiifolia sprigging that 15～20cm is high to standard simple plastic greenhouse annual mid-January, by the specification of spacing in the rows * line-spacing=53cm * 53cm, in each booth, plant 850 strain artemisiifolia seedling, supplement the electric light illumination of 3-4 hour every day, to guarantee that every day, optical illumination darkness reached L:D=16:8; To by the end of February, to every strain artemisiifolia seedling sealing fertilizer 40g, in described composite fertilizer, N, P, K content are 15wt%; To early March, every strain artemisiifolia seedling is filled with and executes the urea solution that 400ml concentration is 0.9g/L; And the removal apical dominance of pinching; To mid-April～by the end of April, artemisiifolia plant grows to 70～90cm, artemisiifolia plant now can be used for large-scale breeding diet of ophraella communa and artemisiifolia volume moth.
3. diet of ophraella communa according to claim 1 and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix the method for raising, and it is characterized in that, the worm source preparation of artemisiifolia volume moth is as follows:
From Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L stalk or the branch with artemisiifolia volume moth insect gall of annual early October field acquisition, remain on 30-40cm long, is placed on indoor foster worm frame and is saved to next year by the end of March.
4. diet of ophraella communa according to claim 1 and the three-dimensional scale of artemisiifolia volume moth mix the method for raising, and it is characterized in that, the source preparation of diet of ophraella communa worm is as follows:
Annual mid-November, the potted plant seedling of artemisiifolia that 35～40cm is high is put in dependent insect cage, for diet of ophraella communa Adult worms producting eggs, artemisiifolia seedling with ovum grain is placed on the foster worm frame of conservation chamber, maintain indoor temperature at 12～14 ℃, illumination is L:D=16:8, to next year, be put into by the end of March under the illumination condition of the temperature of 28 ℃ and L:D=16:8, within 3～5 days, can hatch, after hatching, at the potted plant seedling of indoor artemisiifolia, raise to adult, indoor temperature maintains the temperature of 26～28 ℃ and the illumination condition of L:D=16:8, ovum hatching starts to raise from late March, to obtaining diet of ophraella communa adult at the beginning of by the end of April or 5 months.
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