CN102174743B - 气囊用织物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种低成本、影响展开性能的滑脱阻力及扯裂强度均提高的具有低通气度的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊(airbag)用织物。本发明优选提供与无涂层(non-coat)布一样可容易地循环利用(recycle)的气囊用织物或可燃性为自熄性的气囊织物。本发明的气囊用织物是一种在至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂而成的合成纤维制织物,其中,通过赋予所述热塑性合成树脂,织物的滑脱阻力值及扯裂强度值相对涂布前的织物均为1.3倍以上。优选为低通气性、可燃性为自熄性、可容易地再造颗粒化的所述气囊织物。
Description
本申请是200780021478.0(国际申请号:PCT/JP2007/061329)的分案申请,原申请的申请日为2007年6月5日,原申请的发明名称为气囊用织物。
技术领域
本发明提供一种低成本、影响展开性能的滑脱阻力及扯裂强度均提高的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊(airbag)用织物。本发明更优选提供人体的束缚性能出色而且与无涂层(non-coat)布一样可容易地循环利用(recycle)的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊用织物,可燃性为自熄性而且具有低通气度的气囊用织物。
背景技术
近年来,作为汽车安全零件之一,安装率快速提高的气囊是在汽车的撞车事故时,传感器(sensor)感受冲击,从充气机(inflator)产生高温、高压的气体,该气体使气囊急剧地展开,在司机或同乘者的身体向碰撞的方向飞出时,尤其防止并保护头部向拉手(handle)、车窗玻璃(front glass)、门玻璃(door glass)等碰撞。过去,由于耐热性、阻气性(低通气度)、阻燃性高而气囊使用的是覆盖氯丁二烯、氯磺酰化烯烃、硅酮等合成橡胶的涂敷织物,现在硅酮涂敷成为主流。
但是,涂敷这些合成橡胶的织物的织物重量增加,还不能满足柔软性,制造成本也高,所以用作气囊用织物时有很多不适合的点。另外,由于滑脱阻力(Slippage Resistance)也低下,所以需要改善。另外,循环利用性恶化。
另外,涂敷这些合成橡胶的织物尤其在减少附着量的情况下,可燃性不能实现自熄性,需要改善。
过去已知有变更、改良涂敷涂布量的发明(例如参照专利文献1。),但没有气囊展开性能等的相关记述,另外关于通气性·可燃性等,没有达到能满足的水平,需要改善。
专利文献1:日本特开平5-16753号公报
还提出了将硅酮涂敷布浸渍于碱液之后,脱水,然后剥离除去硅酮涂敷层,由此使织物可以循环利用的方法(例如参照专利文献2。)。但是,必需用于剥离除去硅酮的工序,存在成本提高的问题。
专利文献2:日本特开2001-180413号公报
另外,为了轻型化、低成本化等,还提出了涂敷交联弹性体的发明。(例如参照专利文献3。)但是,没有关于可燃性的记述,需要改善。另外,由于交联必需热量,所以成为成本提高的主要原因,同时由于循环利用性恶化而不优选使用交联性树脂。
专利文献3:日本特表2001-524624号公报
另一方面,使用轻型·良好的收纳性出色的不实施涂敷的无涂层气囊用织物的无涂层气囊正在成为主流。(例如参照专利文献4。)但是,侧边(side)气囊之类的与乘客的距离近的气囊必需更高速的展开性能,所以需要耐得住高压力的充气机的气囊用织物。
专利文献4:日本特开平4-281062号公报
现在,作为维持无涂层织物的特性的轻型、良好的收纳性并同时滑脱阻力高的气囊用织物,提出了利用合成树脂稀释液的浸渗处理。(例如参照专利文献5。)但是,不能充分地满足扯裂强度或低通气性能。
专利文献5:日本特开平11-222776号公报
还提出了可以剥下无涂层布与加强布地安装的气囊(例如参照专利文献6。),但加强布实施了耐热涂敷,难以循环利用。
专利文献6:日本实开平7-22867号公报
关于可以循环利用的无涂层布,还有各种提议(例如参照专利文献专利文献7~9。)。但是,由于是无涂层布,所以通气度高,气囊展开时的人体束缚性能差。
专利文献7:日本特开平8-192705号公报
专利文献8:日本特开平9-11832号公报
专利文献9:日本特开平11-78747号公报
发明内容
本发明提供一种利用所述过去的方法不能解决的低成本、影响展开性能的滑脱阻力及扯裂强度均提高的具有低通气度的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊用织物。另外,本发明更优选提供与无涂层布一样可容易地循环利用的气囊用织物或可燃性为自熄性的气囊织物。
1.一种气囊用织物,其是在至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂而成的合成纤维制织物,其特征在于,
由于赋予所述热塑性合成树脂,织物的滑脱阻力值及扯裂强度值相对涂布前的织物均为1.3倍以上。
2.根据所述第1记载的气囊用织物,其特征在于,其是在布面覆盖系数为1500~2500的合成纤维制织物的至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂的织物,
在100kPa压差下的通气度为1.0L/cm2/min以下,且
直接剪断在所述至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂的织物来制作而成的再造颗粒的形态学结构如下:作为连续相的源于合成纤维织物的树脂中,实质上均匀地分散有所述热塑性合成树脂,源于合成纤维织物的树脂中的热塑性合成树脂的分散平均粒径为2μm以下。
3.根据所述第1或第2记载的气囊用织物,其是在至少一面涂布热塑性合成树脂而成的合成纤维制织物,其中,
所述织物在100kPa压差下的通气度为0.10L/cm2/min以下,可燃性为自熄性。
4.根据所述第1~第3中任意一项记载的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性合成树脂的附着量以干燥后的质量计为0.1~15g/m2。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性合成树脂为从聚氨酯系树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚酯系树脂及聚酰胺系树脂构成的组中选择的至少一种树脂。
6.根据所述第1~第5中任意一项记载的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性合成树脂为聚酰胺系树脂,聚合物中具有分子量为100~5000的柔性链段(soft segment)。
7.根据所述第1~第6中任意一项记载的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性合成树脂的被膜作成物的断裂伸长率为300%以上。
8.根据所述第1~第7中任意一项记载的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性树脂为聚酰胺系树脂,聚合物中具有分子量为100~5000的酰胺改性的柔性链段。
在本发明中,可以提供低成本、影响展开性能的滑脱阻力及扯裂强度均提高的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊用织物。另外,如果利用本发明,则可以提供提高人体的束缚性能而且与无涂层布一样可容易地循环利用的气囊用织物或可燃性为自熄性而且具有低通气度的气囊用织物。
附图说明
图1是表示从实施例1的再造颗粒品得到的截面组织的透射型电子显微镜照片(拍摄时放大倍数5000倍,标度长度相当于2.0μm)。
图2是表示从比较例1的再造颗粒品得到的截面组织的透射型电子显微镜照片(拍摄时放大倍数5000倍,标度长度相当于2.0μm)。
图3是表示从比较例2的再造颗粒品得到的截面组织的透射型电子显微镜照片(拍摄时放大倍数40倍,标度长度相当于50μm)。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明本发明。
在本发明中,作为合成纤维,不特别限定材料,尤其可以使用尼龙(Nylon)66、尼龙6、尼龙46、尼龙12等脂肪族聚酰胺纤维,芳香尼龙纤维(aramid fiber)之类的芳香族聚酰胺纤维,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(polytrimethylene terephthalate)或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(polybutylene terephthalate)等聚酯纤维。此外,还可以举出全芳香族聚酯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚醚酮纤维等。其中,如果考虑到经济性,则特别优选聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维。另外,这些纤维的一部分或全部也可以用再利用的原材料得到。另外,为了提高原丝制造工序或后加工工序的工序通过性,也可以在这些合成纤维中含有各种添加剂。例如抗氧剂、热稳定剂、平光剂、防静电剂、增稠剂、阻燃剂等。另外,该合成纤维也可以为原着丝或制丝后染色的纤维。另外,单丝截面通常为圆截面,除此以外,也可以为异形截面的任意一种。从抗断强度、断裂伸长率等观点出发,合成纤维被作为复丝(multifilament)线使用、制织。
在本发明中,对制织方法没有特别限定,而如果考虑到织物物性的均匀性,则优选平织。使用的线的经线、纬线也可以不单一,例如粗细或线根数、纤维的种类可以不同,但如果考虑到循环利用性,则优选聚合物的种类为一种。织机不特别限定于喷气织机(air jet loom)、剑杆织机(rapierloom)、喷水织机(water jet loom)等。作为织物,优选式1表示的布面覆盖系数为1500~2500。如果不到1500,则通气度上升,另外,气囊缝制部的孔偏移变大,故不优选。如果大于2500,则刚性提高,收纳性恶化,故不优选。更优选1800~2300。
布面覆盖系数
=(经线纤度(dtex)×0.9)1/2×经线密度(根/2.54cm)
+(纬线纤度(dtex)×0.9)1/2×纬线密度(根/2.54cm)…(式1)
本发明中的织物例如可以通过在用公知的方法制织的织物上涂布热塑性合成树脂来制造。作为现有的气囊用涂敷剂,广泛使用的是热固化性硅树脂,但为了固化而必需充分的热量,所以成本上升,因此在本发明中优选使用热塑性树脂。对涂布的方法没有特别限定,可以使用公知的方法,但如果考虑到成本方面或涂敷后的织物柔软性,则优选使用刮涂(knifecoating)。
在本发明中,作为在织物上涂布的热塑性合成树脂,可以使用聚氨酯系树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚酯系树脂及聚酰胺系树脂,但从再造颗粒化时的分散性的方面出发,优选使用含有分子量100~5000的柔性链段的聚酰胺系树脂。更优选分子量300~3000。如果分子量小于100,则失去涂布后的基布柔软性,扯裂强度容易变低,故不优选,如果分子量大于5000,则滑脱阻力容易变得不足,另外,可燃性恶化,故不优选。在此,作为柔性链段,是指多元醇整体,从再生造粒化中的热塑性树脂的分散性的方面出发,特别优选线状聚亚烷基二醇的氨基改性体,更优选聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四亚甲基二醇或聚丁二醇的氨基改性体。柔性链段相对聚酰胺树脂,在聚合物中的摩尔比优选为25~50%。如果不到25%,则失去涂布后的织物的柔软性,同时通气度上升。如果超过50%,则可燃性恶化,故不优选。另外,在不影响目的性能的范围内,也可以在这些热塑性合成树脂中混合使用劣化防止剂、无机填充剂、着色剂等添加剂。
在本发明中,涂布热塑性合成树脂而成的该织物在100kPa压差下的通气度优选为1.0L/cm2/min以下。通常气囊展开时施加30~50kPa的力,而由于进一步受到充气机的火药的热的影响,在标准状态下测定织物时,讨论100kPa压差下的通气度是适当的。优选为0.5L/cm2/min以下,更优选为0.1L/cm2/min以下,进而优选为0.05L/cm2/min以下,最优选为0.02L/cm2/min以下。如果100kPa压差下的通气度高于1.0L/cm2/min,则在成为气囊时不能满足乘客束缚性能,故不优选。为了使通气度成为1.0L/cm2/min以下,例如可以通过使涂布的树脂的被膜作成物的伸长率成为300%以上的高伸长率来实现。树脂的被膜作成物的伸长率优选为较大,没有特别设置上限,但也可以为2000%以下。另外,JIS-L1096的通气度优选不到0.1cc/cm2/sec。
在此,在本发明中优选在至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂的织物中,通过赋予该热塑性合成树脂,织物的滑脱阻力值及扯裂强度值均成为1.3倍以上。更优选为1.4倍以上,进而优选为1.5倍以上。作为上限没有特别限定,但在通常的基布中,如果考虑缝制等的后工序,则优选为5.0倍以下,更优选为3.0倍以下。在公知的方法中,在为降低纤维间的摩擦阻力的树脂的情况下,扯裂强度提高,但滑脱阻力值低下,在为提高纤维间的摩擦阻力的树脂的情况下,滑脱阻力值提高,但扯裂强度低下。所以,在成为气囊的情况下,在为降低摩擦阻力的树脂情况下,由于滑脱阻力值低下而缝制部分的孔偏移变大,在该部分,从充气机产生的高温气体与外部发生热交换,成为破裂(burst)的原因。相反,在为提高摩擦阻力的树脂的情况下,在微小的孔偏移部分,也由于扯裂强度低,所以传播了破断,从而成为破裂的原因。在本发明中,笔者等进行了潜心研究,发现通过制作在至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂的织物中,通过赋予该热塑性合成树脂来使织物的滑脱阻力值及扯裂强度值相对涂布前的织物均成为1.3倍以上的织物,可以成为即使在高输出的充气机中也不会发生破裂的适合的气囊。
在本发明中,优选用FMVSS No.302水平法测定的可燃性实现自熄性。在此的自熄性是指用JIS-D1201规定的分类,熄灭达到A标线为止的性能或在50mm以内熄火而且在60秒以内熄火的性能。在此可燃性是气囊用基布所需要的最基本的特性,从安全性方面出发,非常优选本特性为自熄性。自熄性中更优选熄火至达到A标线。
在本发明中,在热塑性合成树脂干燥之后,质量优选为0.1~15g/m2,更优选为1.0~10g/m2,进而优选为1.0~5.0g/m2。干燥后的质量是利用从根据JIS L1096 8.4.2测定涂布、干燥后的气囊用织物的质量所得的值减去同样根据JIS L1096 8.4.2测定涂布前的织物的质量所得的值求得的。如果少于0.1g/m2,则变得难以实现通气度,不太优选,如果多于15g/m2,则容易破坏柔软性,成本上升,故不优选。另外,在本发明中,涂布前的织物是指结束了在涂敷树脂之前的阶段的、树脂的涂敷以外的工序的织物,通常大多为实施了利用热处理的收缩加工或热定形(thermal setting)等的织物。
在本发明中,优选在作为直接剪断在至少一面涂布合成树脂而成的织物制作的再造颗粒(repelletizing)的形态学结构(截面部的表面结构)相当于海岛结构的海的连续相的来源于织物的树脂中,实质上均匀地分散有上述热塑性合成树脂。在此的均匀地分散是指该热塑性合成树脂独立地存在于连续相中,其分散平均粒径为2μm以下。优选为0.5μm以下。作为用于使其均匀地分散的方案,例如可以通过使用热塑性树脂而且使树脂量为15g/m2以下来提高分散性。在具有这样的形态学结构的情况下,利用再造颗粒制造的模制品可以同时满足强度、刚性、伸长率、耐冲击性,存在于多种使用用途。
作为循环利用的方法,包括直接或者剪断回收的织物并再利用于缓冲材料等的方法;在使回收的织物再熔融或再溶解之后片(chip)化并再成型加工为纤维或塑料材料等的方法;将回收的织物解聚至单体并再利用的所谓化学循环利用(chemical recycle)的方法。从通用性和成本方面出发,本发明中的循环利用是指在使回收的织物再熔融或再溶解之后片化并再成型加工为纤维或塑料材料的材料循环利用(material recycle)的方法。
在本发明中,可以在直接的状态下再熔融或再溶解涂布了合成树脂而成的织物并再成型加工。
实施例
接着用实施例进一步详细说明本发明。其中,按照下述方法进行实施例中的各种评价。
(扯裂强度)
利用JIS L1096 8.15.2中央值负荷测定。
用(式2)求得扯裂强度上升率。
扯裂强度上升率(倍)=(涂布后扯裂强度经+涂布后扯裂强度纬)
÷(涂布前扯裂强度经+涂布前扯裂强度纬)——(式2)
(滑脱阻力)
利用ASTM D6479测定。
用(式3)求得滑脱阻力上升率。
滑脱阻力上升率(倍)=(涂布后滑脱阻力经+涂布后滑脱阻力纬)
÷(涂布前滑脱阻力经+涂布前滑脱阻力纬)——(式3)
(可燃性)
利用FMVSSNo.302水平法测定。可燃性分类使用JIS D1201。
(通气度)
使用高压通气度测定机(OEM系统(株)制)测定100kPa压力下的通气度。另外,还按照JIS L1096,利用弗雷泽型(フラジ一ル)试验机,测定125Pa压差下的通气度。
(树脂被膜伸长率)
作成热塑性合成树脂的0.3mm的一样厚度的被膜,利用夹具间35mm,以300mm/min的速度进行拉伸试验,测定破断时的伸长率。
(形态学结构)
将织物剪断成5mm见方,在270℃下使其再溶解,利用PCM30挤出机(池贝铁工株式会社制L/D=25),得到再造颗粒。使用透射型电子显微镜(日本电子制JEM2010)和光学显微镜(Nikon制微分干涉显微镜)观察再造颗粒品。在透射型电子显微镜中,将样本超薄切片化成相对树脂的流动方向为垂直,用四氧化钌染色30分钟,然后观察。
(再造颗粒品物性评价)
用80℃真空干燥机干燥再造颗粒品16小时,然后注射模塑成形,制作试验片(test piece)。试验该试验片进行模制品的物性评价。
抗拉强度·抗拉伸长率:ASTM D638
弯曲强度·弯曲弹性模量:ASTM D790
Izod冲击(带缺口(notch)):ASTM D256
(实施例1)
利用平织,用喷水织机制织总纤度350dtex、108丝(filament)的聚酰胺66纤维,然后利用沸水收缩加工,以110℃干燥精加工,得到经密度63根/2.54cm、纬密度61根/2.54cm的织物。以摩尔比2.5∶1∶1调整聚酰胺6和聚乙二醇—丙胺加成物(分子量600)和己二酸,将所得的聚合物制作为固体成分15%的水系树脂,相对该水系树脂追加1wt%羧甲基纤维素,将粘度调整成10dPa·s(利用リオン株式会社制粘度计(Viscotester)VT-04F测定)。评价利用刮涂向该织物涂布并使干燥本树脂后的树脂量为3g/m2的织物的特性,示于表1。
(实施例2)
利用平织,用喷水织机制织总纤度350dtex、108丝的聚酰胺66纤维,然后利用沸水收缩加工,以110℃干燥精加工,得到经密度59根/2.54cm、纬密度59根/2.54cm的织物。以摩尔比2.5∶1∶1调整聚酰胺6和聚乙二醇—丙胺加成物(分子量1500)和己二酸,将所得的聚合物制作为固体成分15%的水系树脂,相对该水系树脂追加1wt%羧甲基纤维素,将粘度调整成8dPa·s。评价利用刮涂向该织物涂布并使干燥本树脂后的树脂量为7g/m2的织物的特性,示于表1。
(实施例3)
利用平织,用喷水织机制织总纤度350dtex、108丝的聚酰胺66纤维,然后利用沸水收缩加工,以110℃干燥精加工,得到经密度59根/2.54cm、纬密度59根/2.54cm的织物。以摩尔比2.5∶1∶1调整聚酰胺6和聚乙二醇—丙胺加成物(分子量600)和己二酸,将所得的聚合物制作为固体成分10%的水系树脂(粘度:0.5dPa·s),评价利用浸渗处理向该织物涂布并使干燥后的树脂量为7g/m2的织物的特性,示于表1。
(实施例4)
使用总纤度470dtex、72丝的聚酰胺66纤维,精加工密度为经密度46根/2.54cm、纬密度46根/2.54cm,树脂量不同,除此以外,与实施例1相同,评价该织物的特性,示于表1。
(实施例5)
使用精加工密度为经密度54根/2.54cm、纬密度54根/2.54cm,树脂量不同,除此以外,与实施例4相同,评价该织物的特性,示于表1。
(比较例1)
利用平织,用喷水织机制织总纤度350dtex、108丝的聚酰胺66纤维,然后利用沸水收缩加工,以110℃干燥精加工,得到经密度59根/2.54cm、纬密度59根/2.54cm的织物。评价该织物的特性,示于表1。
(比较例2)
利用平织,用喷水织机制织总纤度350dtex、108丝的聚酰胺66纤维,然后利用沸水收缩加工,以110℃干燥精加工,得到经密度59根/2.54cm、纬密度59根/2.54cm的织物。利用刮涂向该织物涂布无溶剂硅树脂(粘度:300dPa·s)并使干燥本树脂后的树脂量为25g/m2,评价该织物的特性,示于表1。
(比较例3)
利用平织,用喷水织机制织总纤度350dtex、108丝的聚酰胺66纤维,然后利用沸水收缩加工,以110℃干燥精加工,得到经密度59根/2.54cm、纬密度59根/2.54cm的织物。利用刮涂向该织物涂布将聚酰胺6和聚酰胺66的共聚物制作成固体成分25%的水系树脂(粘度:10dPa·s),并使干燥后的树脂量为4g/m2,评价该织物的特性,示于表1。
在此的自熄性全部为熄火达到A标线。
在使用实施例1~5的织物的再造颗粒品的形态学观察中,作为连续相的聚酰胺66中的热塑性树脂微分散成粒径0.1~1.0μm。作为代表例,图1表示在实施例1中制作的织物的再造颗粒品的照片,是实质上均匀地分散尼龙6树脂的状态。与图2所示的比较例1的无涂层布的强度、刚性、伸长率、耐冲击性为同等水平。另一方面,在图3所示的比较例2的织物的再造颗粒品的形态学观察中,如图3所示,硅树脂的大部分成为10μm~50μm以上,为不能均匀地分散的状态。模制品物性中,伸长率、弯曲强度尤其差。实施例1、比较例1、2的模制品物性如表2所示。
[表2]
单位 | 实施例1 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | |
抗拉强度 | MPa | 77 | 80 | 58 |
抗拉伸长率 | % | >30 | >30 | 2.8 |
弯曲弹性模量 | GPa | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 |
弯曲强度 | MPa | 109 | 116 | 84 |
Izod冲击 | J/m | 62 | 61 | 57 |
树脂被膜伸长率 | % | 450 | - | 200 |
通气度100kPa | L/cm2/min | 0.05 | 4.5 | 0.00 |
从实施例1~5、比较例1~3可知,本发明可以说是影响展开性能的滑脱阻力及扯裂强度均提高的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊用织物。另外,还可以提供提高人体的束缚性能而且与无涂层布一样可容易地循环利用的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊用织物,可以提供可燃性为自熄性的气囊用织物。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的气囊用织物可以用于低成本且展开性能、循环利用性、阻燃性出色的作为汽车安全装置之一的气囊用途,对产业界有极大的帮助。
Claims (5)
1.一种气囊用织物,其特征在于,其是在至少一面涂布热塑性合成树脂而成的合成纤维制织物,其中,
所述织物在100kPa压差下的通气度为0.10L/cm2/min以下,可燃性为自熄性,
所述热塑性合成树脂为聚酰胺系树脂,聚合物中具有分子量为100~5000的柔性链段。
2.一种气囊用织物,其特征在于,其是在布面覆盖系数为1500~2500的合成纤维制织物的至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂的织物,
在100kPa压差下的通气度为1.0L/cm2/min以下,且
直接剪断在所述至少一面涂布有热塑性合成树脂的织物来制作而成的再造颗粒的形态学结构如下:作为连续相的源于合成纤维织物的树脂中,实质上均匀地分散有所述热塑性合成树脂,源于合成纤维织物的树脂中的热塑性合成树脂的分散平均粒径为2μm以下,
所述热塑性合成树脂为聚酰胺系树脂,聚合物中具有分子量为100~5000的柔性链段。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性合成树脂的附着量以干燥后的质量计为0.1~15g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性合成树脂的被膜作成物的断裂伸长率为300%以上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的气囊用织物,其中,
热塑性树脂为聚酰胺系树脂,聚合物中具有分子量为100~5000的酰胺改性的柔性链段。
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