CN101980861B - 用于降低半导体加工期间挠性基材的翘曲度和弯曲度的组件和方法 - Google Patents
用于降低半导体加工期间挠性基材的翘曲度和弯曲度的组件和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明描述了用于解决与刚性载体连接的挠性基材由于半导体加工的热挑战而发生弯曲和/或翘曲的方法。特别地,提供了可将挠性基材粘结到刚性载体并且调节由于大多数挠性基材相对于刚性载体的显著不同材料性能而经常存在的热不匹配的粘弹性粘合剂,所述挠性基材例如塑料膜,所述刚性载体例如硅晶片。还提供了根据本文所描述的方法制得的组件。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2008年4月8日提交的美国临时申请序列No.61/043223的优先权,通过引用将其全文并入本文。
政府资助的声明
本发明至少部分由美国陆军研究室(ARL)支持,专用拨款(grant)编号W911NF-04-2-005。美国政府对本发明具有某些权利。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及加工挠性基材,更具体地涉及用于降低半导体加工期间挠性基材的翘曲度和弯曲度的方法。
背景技术
在电子工业,挠性基材作为用于电子电路的基底正快速普及。挠性基材可包括广泛多样的材料,包括金属例如不锈钢、众多塑料中的任一种的非常薄的层,等等。一旦所需的电子元件、电路(一种或多种)在挠性基材表面上形成,该电路能够连接到最终产品上或者结合到其它结构中。这样的产品或结构的典型例子是平板显示器上的有源矩阵、零售店中各种商品上的RFID标签、各种传感器,等等。
所出现的一个主要问题是使挠性基材在加工过程中稳定。例如,在基材上装配薄膜晶体管或薄膜晶体管电路的过程中实施很多工序步骤,在这些工序步骤实施期间基材可以移动通过数个机械装置、烘箱、清洗步骤,等等。为使挠性基材移动通过这样的过程,该挠性基材必须暂时安装在某种类型的载体或刚性载体上且必须是可拆卸地连接,使得该挠性载体能够在各工序步骤之间移动。
然而,挠性基材与无机硅或玻璃基材相比的相对高的热膨胀系数(CTE)在包括无机薄膜晶体管(TFT)加工的温度漂移期间导致明显的CTE所致应变不匹配。这种现象带来明显的弯曲和翘曲并且可导致操作误差、光刻对准误差和线/层缺陷。因此,本领域需要开发用于将挠性基材连接到刚性载体以调节前述限制的新型组合和方法。
发明内容
在第一方面,本发明提供了用于制备半导体组件的方法,该方法包括用粘合剂层将挠性基材连接到刚性载体,其中所述粘合剂层包含玻璃化转变温度小于180℃且分解温度大于220℃的粘弹性聚合物。
在第二方面,本发明提供了包含挠性基材、刚性载体和粘合剂层的组件,其中所述挠性基材用该挠性基材和刚性载体之间的粘合剂层连接到刚性载体;所述粘合剂层包含玻璃化转变温度小于180℃且分解温度大于220℃的粘弹性聚合物。
在第三方面,本发明提供了用于挠性显示器加工的方法,该方法包括生产挠性显示器并且根据本发明第一方面将该挠性显示器连接到刚性基材,其中所述挠性基材是挠性显示器。
具体实施方式
本文所用术语“弯曲度”是指基材正中面附近的曲率。本文所用术语“翘曲度”是指基材表面相对于基材中心所限定的线的线性位移。例如,如果基材是均匀弯曲则翘曲度是弯曲度测量值的约两倍。
本文所用术语“CTE匹配的材料”是指热膨胀系数(CTE)与参照材料的CTE差异小于约20%的材料。优选地,CTE差异小于约10%,5%,3%或1%。
本文所用的术语“挠性基材”是指包含挠性物质的自支撑(free-standing)基材,所述挠性物质易于调整其形状。优选地,挠性基材为预成形的挠性塑料基材或预成形的挠性金属基材。优选的挠性金属基材包括FeNi合金(例如INVAR 、FeNi或FeNi36;INVAR是铁(64%)和镍(36%)(重量)与一些碳和铬的合金),FeNiCo合金(例如KOVAR,KOVAR典型地由29%镍、17%钴、0.2%硅、0.3%锰和53.5%铁(重量)组成),钛,钽,钼,铝铬合金(aluchrome),铝,以及不锈钢。优选的挠性塑料基材包括聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯和环烯烃共聚物。这些挠性基材优选为薄的;例如约1μm-1mm厚。更优选地,挠性基材为约50μm-500μm;甚至更优选地,挠性基材为约50μm-250μm。
本文所用的术语“粘弹性粘合剂”是指在经历变形时表现出粘性和弹性两种特性的粘合剂。例如,粘弹性材料耐受剪切流并且表现出根据时间的应变。粘弹性粘合剂的例子包括、但不限于聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类、环氧类、酚类、双马来酰亚胺、有机硅和硅氧烷。
本文所用术语“双面粘合剂胶带”是指包含支撑性背衬(supporting backing)且在该背衬两个相对面的每一个上具有粘合剂材料的任何胶带。相对面上的粘合剂可以相同或者不同,以及包括、但不限于例如弹性、热塑性、热固性、压敏性、和/或可光固化的粘合剂(例如可见光或UV)。双面粘合剂的例子包括、但不限于双面粉末涂覆的有机硅粘合剂(Argon PC500族),或高性能有机硅粘合剂(Adhesive Research Arcare 7876)。
本文关于使材料暴露于特定温度所用的术语“稳定”是指在氮气或氩气气氛下于该温度维持约1小时的时间时参照物质损失为总重量的小于约5质量%。
本发明提供了用于制备半导体组件的方法,该方法包括用粘合剂层将挠性基材连接到刚性载体,其中所述粘合剂层包含玻璃化转变温度小于180℃且分解温度大于220℃的粘弹性聚合物。通常,粘弹性聚合物包含玻璃化转变温度为约25-180℃的聚合物。优选地,玻璃化转变温度为约50-180℃,或100-180℃。此外,本发明的粘弹性聚合物在超过220℃的加工条件下是稳定的。优选的粘弹性聚合物在约220-400℃的温度下是稳定的。在某些实施方案中,粘弹性聚合物在约220-300℃的温度下是稳定的。
此外,粘合剂层可具有大于约10ppm/℃的热膨胀系数(CTE)。一般而言,粘合剂的CTE可为约10-1000ppm/℃。在一个实施方案中,粘合剂层还可以按小于约2×10-4托-升/秒的速率释出气体(outgas)。粘合剂层释气率可为约1×1010至2×10-4托-升/秒。
特别地,粘弹性聚合物可包含弹性、热塑性或假热塑性(pseudothermoplastic)的饱和或不饱和烃,硅氧烷或有机硅硅聚合物。优选地,粘弹性聚合物包含丙烯酸类、环氧类、酚类、聚氨酯类、聚酰亚胺或硅氧烷。更优选地,粘弹性聚合物包含丙烯酸正丁基酯、聚硅氧烷、聚硅酮(polysilicone)或聚酰亚胺。在一个实施方案中,粘弹性聚合物包含丙烯酸正丁酯。在一个实施方案中,粘弹性聚合物包含聚硅氧烷。在一个实施方案中,粘弹性聚合物包含聚硅酮。在一个实施方案中,粘弹性聚合物包含聚酰亚胺。
为了制备包含挠性基材、刚性载体和含有粘弹性聚合物的粘合剂层的组件,可根据本领域技术人员已知的方法将粘合剂层沉积到刚性载体或挠性基材上。可使用粘合剂材料的溶液将粘合剂层沉积在刚性载体或挠性基材上,并且可根据本领域技术人员已知的用于由溶液制备层的任何方法制备粘合剂层。例如,可将所述溶液喷涂、滴铸(dropcast)、旋涂、网涂(webcoated)、刮涂或浸涂以在刚性载体或挠性基材上产生粘合剂层。或者,可将粘合剂层挤压涂覆或预成形层压到刚性载体或挠性基材上。优选地,含有粘弹性聚合物的粘合剂层为约1μm-40μm厚,更优选为约2μm-20μm厚。
在某些实施方案中,可通过旋涂溶液,即通过将溶液分配于刚性载体的表面上并旋转该载体以均匀分布该溶液,在刚性载体上形成所述层。本领域技术人员应理解,由旋涂产生的层的厚度可通过选择溶剂中粘合剂材料的浓度、溶液的粘度、旋转速率和旋转速度来控制。
在挠性基材或刚性载体的粘结之前可干燥溶液层以基本上除去任何残留溶剂。这种干燥可根据本领域技术人员已知的任何方法进行,条件是该方法不会导致基材、载体、和/或粘合剂材料的劣化。例如,可通过在约80℃-180℃、优选约100℃-130℃的温度下加热该层来干燥该层。在另一个例子中,可通过在真空中于约100℃-180℃的温度下加热该层来干燥该层。在又一个例子中,可通过在约80℃-180℃的温度下加热该层,随后在真空中(例如小于约1Torr)于约100℃-180℃的温度下加热该层来干燥该层。在任何加热工序中,可将该层加热约10-120分钟直到基本上除去所有溶剂。本领域的技术人员应认识到更高的温度(例如高达300℃)可以用于任何加热步骤,条件是粘合剂材料、挠性基材和/或刚性载体在加热期间保持稳定。
或者,为了制备包含挠性基材、刚性载体和粘合剂层的组件,可将粘合剂层沉积到挠性基材的背面,接着进行如上所述的任选干燥和/或真空干燥工艺。优选地,当在挠性基材上形成粘合剂层时,则通过旋涂该粘合剂的溶液接着如上述干燥该层来制得该层。
刚性载体可包含半导体晶片、氧化铝、玻璃或如本文所描述的CTE与挠性基材匹配的材料。例如,半导体晶片可包含Si,特别是Si(100)或Si(111)。在优选的实施方案中,刚性载体包含氧化铝。在另一个实施方案中,刚性载体包含CTE与挠性基材匹配的材料。
典型地,挠性基材可以是塑料(plastic)基材或金属基材。优选的塑料基材包括、但不限于包含聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、环烯烃共聚物或它们的混合物的那些基材。优选的金属基材包括、但不限于包含INVAR、KOVAR、钛、钽、钼、铝铬合金、铝或不锈钢的那些基材。在某些实施方案中,挠性基材包含不锈钢。例如,当根据本文所描述的方法使用不锈钢基材时,刚性载体包含氧化铝。
根据本领域技术人员已知的任何方法,可用挠性基材和刚性载体之间的粘合剂层将挠性基材粘结在刚性载体上。在一个实施方案中,将挠性基材进行粘结包括加热粘合剂层(如上述,在挠性基材或刚性载体上)至软化状态,即高于粘弹性聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),并使该挠性基材与涂覆粘合剂的载体接触。用于本发明的具体软化温度可基于本文的教导凭经验确定,并且取决于粘合剂层中所用的具体物质。例如,测定Tg可使用的技术是例如、但不限于热重分析法(TGA)、热力学分析法(TMA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、和/或动态力学分析法(DMA)。
在一个实施方案中,挠性基材包含不锈钢,刚性载体包含氧化铝,以及粘合剂层包含丙烯酸正丁酯。在另一个实施方案中,挠性基材包含不锈钢,刚性载体包含氧化铝,以及粘合剂层包含聚硅氧烷。在另一个实施方案中,挠性基材包含不锈钢,刚性载体包含氧化铝,以及粘合剂层包含聚硅酮。在另一个实施方案中,挠性基材包含不锈钢,刚性载体包含氧化铝,以及粘合剂层包含聚酰亚胺。
在其它实施方案中,粘合剂层可以包含多于一个子层(constituent layer)。例如,粘合剂层可包含含有粘弹性聚合物的第一层和在该粘弹性聚合物上形成的第二层。例如,第二层可包含金属层或绝缘材料层。优选的金属包括、但不限于可通过溅射沉积的金属,例如铝、金和银。优选的绝缘层包括可通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(PECVD)沉积的那些,例如SiN和SiO2。这些金属膜可典型地具有的厚度。在某些实施方案中,厚度可为 或或
在仍其它实施方案中,粘合剂层可以包含三个或更多个子层。例如,粘合剂层可包含含有如上所述的粘弹性聚合物的第一层,在该粘弹性聚合物上形成的第二层例如金属层或绝缘层,和在该金属膜上形成的第三层。在某些实施方案中,第三层可包含双面粘合剂胶带。优选的金属包括、但不限于可通过溅射沉积的金属,例如铝、金和银。优选的绝缘层包括可通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(PECVD)沉积的那些,例如SiN和SiO2。这些金属膜可典型地具有 的厚度。在某些实施方案中,厚度可为或 或
在另一个实施方案中,将挠性基材进行粘结可包括将金属层或绝缘层直接沉积在粘合剂层上;将双面粘合剂直接设置在金属层或绝缘层上;以及将所述基材直接设置在双面粘合剂上。优选的金属包括、但不限于可通过溅射沉积的金属,例如铝、金和银。优选的绝缘层包括可通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(PECVD)沉积的那些,例如SiN和SiO2。优选的双面粘合剂包括、但不限于双面粉末涂覆的有机硅粘合剂(Argon PC500族),或高性能有机硅粘合剂(Adhesive ResearchArcare 7876)或相似物。
在将挠性基材粘结到刚性载体之后,可在该挠性基材的表面上构建一种或多种任何数目的电子元件。例如一种或多种薄膜晶体管、有机和/或无机发光二极管、电极阵列、场效应晶体管、无源结构(passivestructure)以及它们的组合。在其它例子中,可将显示器结构(architecture)形成在根据本文所描述的方法连接到刚性载体的挠性基材上。
意想不到地发现这样的粘弹性聚合物起到调节由于在上面的挠性基材和在下面的刚性载体之间的CTE不匹配而引入挠性基材的应力和/或应变的作用。显著地,本文所使用的粘弹性聚合物在例如半导体制造加工期间使由引入的热应力和/或应变引起的挠性基材的翘曲和/或弯曲最小化。
例如,当挠性基材根据任何前述方法和实施方案连接到刚性载体时,该挠性基材的弯曲度和/或翘曲度可小于约100μm;优选地,当挠性基材根据任何前述方法连接到刚性载体时,该挠性基材的弯曲度和/或翘曲度小于约75μm;甚至更优选地,当挠性基材根据任何前述方法连接到刚性载体时,该挠性基材的弯曲度和/或翘曲度小于约60μm。
实施例
使用包括丙烯酸类、聚丙烯酸酯和有机硅类的示例性压敏粘合剂,将各种示例性载体粘结到具有表1中所列厚度的2个示例性挠性基材(PEN或不锈钢(SS))中之一。粘合剂包括旋涂粘合剂和粘合剂胶带。
在表1中提供了所得弯曲度和挠性数据。这和类似数据揭示,载体和挠性材料之间的CTEΔ(delta)(差异)越小,弯曲度越小。此外,该数据证明粘弹性粘合剂降低载体/挠性材料系统内弯曲度的量。例如,注意到硅/SS系统,ArClad(可得自例如Adhesives Research,GlenRocks,PA)与DCPC500(可得自例如ESD Tapes,Monrovia,CA)相比具有更大的粘弹性,但产生更小的弯曲度。
表1:示例性载体/基材/挠性材料的弯曲度和翘曲度
载体 | 载体CTE | 粘合剂 | 挠性基材 | 挠性基材厚度(um) | 挠性基材CTE | 弯曲度 | 翘曲度 |
氧化铝 | 7.6 | FX930 | PEN | 200 | 20-25 | 82.86 | 113.66 |
硅 | 3.5 | DCPC5000 | PEN | 125 | 20-25 | 137.71 | 160.9 |
硅 | 3.5 | FX930 | PEN | 125 | 20-25 | 159.4 | 180.93 |
硅 | 3.5 | DCPC500 | SS | 100 | 9-12 | >400 | >600 |
硅 | 3.5 | ARClad | SS | 100 | 9-12 | >150 | >200 |
载体 | CTE | 粘合剂 | FS | FS厚度(um) | CTE | 弯曲度 | 翘曲度 |
氧化铝 | 7.6 | FX930 | PEN | 200 | 20-25 | 82.86 | 113.66 |
硅 | 3.5 | DCPC5000 | PEN | 125 | 20-25 | 137.71 | 160.9 |
硅 | 3.5 | FX930 | PEN | 125 | 20-25 | 159.4 | 180.93 |
硅 | 3.5 | DCPC500 | SS | 100 | 9-12 | >400 | >600 |
硅 | 3.5 | ARClad | SS | 100 | 9-12 | >150 | >200 |
Claims (19)
1.一种用于制备挠性基材组件的方法,该方法包括:
(a)用粘合剂层将挠性基材连接到刚性载体,其中所述粘合剂层包含玻璃化转变温度小于180℃且分解温度大于220℃的粘弹性聚合物,其中所述粘弹性聚合物选自聚丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧烷和聚酰亚胺,
(b)在挠性基材的表面上装配一个或多个电子元件;和
(c)装配后从刚性载体拆卸挠性基材;
其中所述粘合剂层以小于2×10-4托-升/秒的速率释出气体;其中该方法控制挠性基材的弯曲度或翘曲度,其中弯曲度是挠性基材正中面附近的曲率和翘曲度是挠性基材表面相对于挠性基材中心所限定的线的线性位移,和其中所述挠性基材具有小于100μm的弯曲度或翘曲度。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述连接包括:
将粘合剂层沉积在刚性载体的表面上;以及
将挠性基材与刚性载体粘结,其中所述粘合剂层在所述刚性载体和挠性基材之间。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述粘合剂层通过旋涂、喷涂、挤压涂覆或预成形层压进行沉积。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述粘合剂层具有10-1000ppm/℃的热膨胀系数。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述粘合剂层包含丙烯酸正丁酯。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述粘合剂层包含聚硅氧烷。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述粘合剂层包含聚酰亚胺。
8.权利要求1-3或5-7中任一项的方法,其中所述刚性载体包含半导体晶片、氧化铝、玻璃或热膨胀系数CTE与挠性基材的热膨胀系数CTE差异小于20%的材料。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述刚性载体包含半导体晶片,其中该半导体晶片包含Si。
10.权利要求8的方法,其中所述刚性载体包含氧化铝。
11.权利要求8的方法,其中所述刚性载体包含热膨胀系数CTE与挠性基材的热膨胀系数CTE差异小于20%的材料。
12.权利要求1-或5-7中任一项的方法,其中所述挠性基材是塑料基材或金属基材。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中所述挠性基材是塑料基材,其中所述塑料基材包含聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、环烯烃共聚物或它们的混合物。
14.权利要求12的方法,其中所述挠性基材是金属基材,其中所述金属基材包含INVAR、KOVAR、钛、钽、钼、铝铬合金、铝、不锈钢或它们的混合物。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述金属基材包含不锈钢。
16.权利要求1的方法,其中所述挠性基材具有小于60μm的弯曲度或翘曲度。
17.权利要求1-3或5-7中任一项的方法,该方法还包括在挠性基材上形成显示器结构。
18.权利要求1-3或5-7中任一项的方法,该方法还包括在挠性基材的表面上形成一个或多个薄膜晶体管、有机发光二极管、无机发光二极管、电极阵列、场效应晶体管、无源结构或它们的组合。
19.一种用于挠性显示器加工的方法,该方法包括:
生产挠性显示器;
将该挠性显示器根据权利要求1-18中任一项的方法连接到刚性载体上和从刚性载体上拆卸,其中所述挠性基材是挠性显示器。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US4322308P | 2008-04-08 | 2008-04-08 | |
US61/043,223 | 2008-04-08 | ||
PCT/US2009/039577 WO2009126544A1 (en) | 2008-04-08 | 2009-04-06 | Assemblies and methods for reducing warp and bow of a flexible substrate during semiconductor processing |
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CN (1) | CN101980861B (zh) |
SG (1) | SG188921A1 (zh) |
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KR20110053921A (ko) | 2011-05-24 |
JP5555226B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2011520248A (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
TWI488750B (zh) | 2015-06-21 |
SG188921A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
KR101517263B1 (ko) | 2015-04-30 |
US20110064953A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
US8685201B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
WO2009126544A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
TW201004803A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
CN101980861A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
EP2274162A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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