CN101897947A - 控制血糖水平的营养组合物 - Google Patents
控制血糖水平的营养组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101897947A CN101897947A CN2010102310080A CN201010231008A CN101897947A CN 101897947 A CN101897947 A CN 101897947A CN 2010102310080 A CN2010102310080 A CN 2010102310080A CN 201010231008 A CN201010231008 A CN 201010231008A CN 101897947 A CN101897947 A CN 101897947A
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Abstract
用于控制血糖水平和预防肥胖的含有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物的营养组合物,其特征在于,由蛋白质提供的能量占10到25%,由脂类提供的能量占20到35%,由碳水化合物提供的能量占40到60%;脂类中的油酸提供60到90%的能量,碳水化合物中的异麦芽酮糖和/或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖提供60到100%的能量。这些组合物可有效作为口服/管饲营养物、治疗食物、家庭护理用的糖尿病食品、治肥胖病的食物或用于控制糖尿病患者和葡萄糖耐受缺陷患者饮食的有健康要求的食物。
Description
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/JP02/09092、国际申请日为2002年9月6日、进入中国国家阶段的申请号为CN02817531.X、发明名称为“控制血糖水平的营养组合物”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及的营养组合物用于糖尿病患者或有异常葡萄糖不耐症患者,或用于防治肥胖。
背景领域
在近几年中,随着饮食习惯的西化,糖尿病患者的数量增加。包括潜在患者的数字估计达到1500万。在治疗糖尿病中,饮食治疗和锻炼是必要的。这些治疗的目的主要是使患者的代谢障碍最大程度正常化、纠正胰岛素分泌不足或胰岛素抗性,这是引起糖尿病的一个因素、或防止或抑制血管并发症发展。肥胖被认为是引起百分之六十到八十糖尿病案例的主要原因。由于过多的胰岛素分泌对于大部分肥胖患者是普遍的,有可能当肥胖超过一定水平时,胰岛素分泌量变得太高而导致肥胖恶化[《饮食方式21》(Food Style 21),46页,2002.5(第6卷第5号)]。
在美国,随着临床营养科学的进步,发展了多种口服或管饲(肠)营养添加物用于从20世纪80年代后半期到90年代早期的不同病态。例子包括用于糖尿病患者的“Glucerna”、用于未接受人工透析的肾病患者的“Suplena”、用于需要人工透析的肾病患者的“Nepro”、用于所有处于入侵阶段,尤其是消化道受损患者的“Perative”、用于处于入侵阶段患者的“AlitraQ”、以及用于AIDS患者的“Advera”。在近几年中,用于急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)患者的“OXEPA”被投放市场。这些产品在美国占超过70%的用于病态的口服或管饲营养添加物[《饮食方式21》,54页,1991.1(第3卷第1号)]。另一方面在日本,“YH-80”是发展用于严重烧伤患者的稠液体食物、“Fibrene YH”有比YH-80更接近标准饮食的组成、“Renalene”用于肾功能削弱的患者、“Meibalance C”是设计用于老年人的全营养液体食物[《饮食方式21》,58页,1991.1(第3卷第1号)]、高营养液体食物A-3用于无意识的患者[ISO TO RINSHO 29(17):4529-4543,1995],它们都已投放市场。然而,用于糖尿病患者的液体食物如“Glucerna”仍未投放市场。
一些专利和专利申请涉及存在的液体食物,但涉及糖尿病的数量仍很少。迄今唯一认识到的是用于糖尿病患者的营养组合物含预定能量百分比的蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,它们与粘性可溶食物纤维和菊粉或其水解产物一起加入(日本专利公开出版物号平成11-18725)。
因此本发明的一个目标是提供营养组合物,有效用于患异常葡萄糖代谢患者的营养调控和血糖水平控制或用于预防肥胖。更具体的是,发明目标是提供营养组合物,用于糖尿病患者或患异常葡萄糖不耐症的人或用于预防肥胖,其组成有效抑制由低胰岛素分泌和胰岛素抗性引起的餐后血糖水平急剧上升和提高糖血色素(HbAlc)水平,HbAlc水平反映长时间段的血糖水平。
发明内容
异麦芽酮糖(palatinose)是一种异二糖,其中葡萄糖和果糖形成一个α-1,6键。如同蔗糖,它被消化并作为葡萄糖及果糖吸收[Toshinao Aida等:日本营养和食品科学月刊(Journal of Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science),36(3)卷,169-173,1983]。由于异麦芽酮糖的水解速度是蔗糖的五分之一[Tsuji Y.等:J.Nutr.Sci.Vitaminol.,32,93-100,1986],异麦芽酮糖摄入后血糖和胰岛素水平可在许多小时后维持在预定水平[Kawai,K.等:Endocrinol,日本,32(6),933-936,1985]。
1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖(trehalulose)是一种异二糖,其中葡萄糖和果糖形成α-1,1键。此物质是有助消化的非龋甜味剂,具有的生理性之类似于异麦芽酮糖。如同异麦芽酮糖,此物质在小肠中被异麦芽糖酶消化并作为葡萄糖及果糖吸收。1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖在小肠中的水解速度是蔗糖的三分之一且约是异麦芽酮糖的两倍[Yamada K.,Shinohara H.等:《国际营养报告》(Nutrition Reports International),32(5),1211-1219,1985]。
卫生和福利部(卫生、劳工和福利部)建议改变饱和脂肪酸(SFA:棕榈酸、硬脂酸等)、单价不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA:油酸等)和多价不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA:亚油酸、亚麻酸等)的推荐摄入比例,从1∶1.5∶1到3∶4∶3,并将n-6系列脂肪酸与n-3系列脂肪酸的比例调整到4∶1。做出上述变化是因为在日本很难消费含多至1.5的MUFA比例的食物。
因此本发明制备含具体能量百分比蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物的营养组合物并研究它对禁食正常动物血糖水平的效果。结果,营养组合物显示出与Glucerna类似的血糖水平增加抑制,Glucerna是用于糖尿病患者的商业液体食物。用实验糖尿病模型动物和自发糖尿病模型动物研究此营养组合物对糖水平上升的抑制和病态缓解的效果,结果组合物表现出与Glucerna类似的血糖水平增加抑制且同时表现出相对Glucerna的显著脂类代谢促进作用。当用正常健康试验者进行此营养组合物的单个口头施用实验时,施用后胰岛素保持在低水平。此外,研究了它对正常动物内脏脂肪积聚的效果,显示高于Glucerna和Meibalance C的内脏脂肪积聚抑制。从上述结果发现此营养组合物有效控制患糖尿病或葡萄糖不耐症患者的血糖水平或预防肥胖,带来本发明的完成。
因此本发明提供了控制血糖水平的营养组合物,含蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,其中由蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物提供的能量百分比分别为10到25%、20到35%和40到60%;脂类中的油酸提供60到90%的能量,碳水化合物中的异麦芽酮糖和/或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖提供60到100%的能量。
本发明还提供了含有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物的组合物在制备控制血糖水平和预防肥胖的营养组合物中的应用,其中由蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物提供的能量百分比分别为10到25%、20到35%和40到60%;脂类中的油酸提供60到90%的能量,碳水化合物中的异麦芽酮糖和/或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖提供60到100%的能量。
本发明进一步提供控制血糖水平和预防肥胖的方法,其特征在于给患者施用控制血糖水平的营养组合物,该组合物含有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,其中由蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物提供的能量百分比分别为10到25%、20到35%和40到60%;脂类中的油酸提供60到90%的能量,碳水化合物中的异麦芽酮糖和/或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖提供60到100%的能量。
附图简述
图1显示口头施用各营养组合物和Glucerna给正常大鼠后血糖水平的变化。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··○··)指Glucerna。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=6)。*:P<0.05:与Glucerna显著不同(斯氏t试验)。
图2显示单次口头施用各营养组合物和Meibalance C给正常大鼠后血糖水平的变化。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··▲··)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=6)。*:P<0.05:与Meibalance C显著不同(斯氏t试验)。
图3显示单次口头施用各营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C给正常大鼠后血糖水平的变化。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··○··)指Glucerna,(··▲··)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=6)。*:P<0.05:与MeibalanceC显著不同(斯氏t试验)。
图4显示口头施用各营养组合物和Meibalance C给链脲霉素-诱导糖尿病的大鼠后血糖水平的变化。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··○··)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=6)。*:P<0.05:与Meibalance C显著不同(斯氏t试验)。
图5显示单次口头施用各营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C给链脲霉素-诱导糖尿病的大鼠后血糖水平的变化。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··○··)指Glucerna且(··▲··),指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=6)。*:P<0.05:与Meibalance C显著不同(斯氏t试验)。
图6显示单次口头施用下列各项之一给GK大鼠后血糖水平的变化:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··○··)指Glucerna且(··▲··)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=6)。*:P<0.05:与Meibalance C显著不同(斯氏t试验)。
图7显示自发糖尿病模型小鼠G57BL/Ksj-db/db jc1小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后9周的重量变化:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(-●-)指营养组合物,(··○··)指Glucerna且(··▲··)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。
图8显示与上述种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后31天的血糖水平变化:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。*:P<0.05:当字母相同时没有显著差异(Mann-Whitney U-试验)。
图9显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后31天的HbAlc水平变化:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。*:P<0.05:当字母相同时没有显著差异(Mann-Whi tney U-试验)。
图10显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后9周的血清GOT水平:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。*:P<0.05:当字母相同时没有显著差异(Mann-Whitney U-试验)。
图11显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后9周的血清GPT水平:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。*:P<0.05:当字母相同时没有显著差异(Mann-Whitney U-试验)。
图12显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后9周中每个肝脏中积聚的中性脂肪:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。*:P<0.05:当字母相同时没有显著差异(Mann-Whitney U-试验)。
图13显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后9周中每克肝脏中积聚的中性脂肪量:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=8)。*:P<0.05:当字母相同时没有显著差异(Mann-Whitney U-试验)。
图14显示C57BL/6N Jc1小鼠随意喂食各营养组合物、Glucerna或MeibalanceC粉末后1个月的能量摄入变化。在图表中,(●)指营养组合物,(○)指Glucerna且(△)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=9)。*:P<0.05:Mann-WhitneyU-试验。
图15显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后1个月的重量变化:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(●)指营养组合物,(○)指Glucerna且(△)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=9)。*:P<0.05:Mann-Whitney U-试验。
图16显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后9周的后腹膜脂肪量(%重量):营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=9)。*P<0.05:Mann-Whitney U-试验。
图17显示与上述小鼠种类相似的小鼠随意喂食下列各项之一后1个月的附睾脂肪量:营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C粉末。在图表中,(■)指营养组合物,(□)指Glucerna且(◆)指Meibalance C。各点是平均值±标准偏差(n=9)。*P<0.05:Mann-Whitney U-试验。
完成本发明的最佳模式
本发明的营养组合物(下文中称为“营养组合物”或“组合物”)在组合物中含能量百分比为10到25%,优选10到20%的蛋白质。
蛋白质的例子包括牛奶蛋白质、获得自植物的蛋白质和大豆蛋白质或其水解产物。其中牛奶蛋白质优选。牛奶蛋白质的例子包括MPC(牛奶蛋白浓缩物)、酪蛋白蛋白质、乳清蛋白质、酪蛋白镁、它们的水解产物、发酵牛奶和通过从发酵牛奶中去除乳清而获得的成分(新鲜干酪、粗制脱脂酸奶干酪等)(日本专利公开出版物号平成5-252896)。其中MPC和MPC与酪蛋白的组合优选。
乳清蛋白质的例子包括通过浓缩和干燥乳清获得的乳清粉、通过超滤(UF)浓缩乳清并接着干燥所获得的乳清蛋白质、通过从乳清中去除脂肪然后UF浓缩获得的脱脂WPC(低脂肪和高蛋白质含量)、通过从乳清中选择性只分离蛋白质获得的WPI、通过超微过滤(nanofiltration)浓缩获得的脱盐乳清、矿物质浓缩的乳清,其中来自乳清的矿物质成分被浓缩。
本发明的营养组合物含能量百分比为20到35%的脂类,在组合物中含20到30%优选。此比例是根据《日本推荐饮食准许》(the Recommended Dietary Al lowancesfor the Japanese),第6次修订本。为增加脂肪酸组合物中单价未饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)在脂类中的含量、一种单价未饱和脂肪酸油酸以60到90%的能量百分比结合到脂类,60到80%优选。油酸中丰富的脂类来源的例子包括高油向日葵油、大豆油、玉米油和棕榈油,各个具有高油酸含量。油酸中丰富的脂类来源是例如营养控制的油或脂肪(NOF产品)。向日葵油、油菜籽油、橄榄油和与橄榄油的混合物也可使用。
作为另一种脂类,来自牛奶的磷脂或卵磷脂(获得自大豆或蛋黄)优选。
牛奶磷脂仅存在于牛奶脂肪球膜(FFGM)。含大量MFFM的牛奶磷脂例子包括WPI副产品(MF保留物)的冻干物,WPI用超滤(UF)结合微滤(MF)制备,通过从乳清奶油中去除乳脂肪获得部分(奶油乳清)。用乙醇几次洗脱奶油乳清然后离心获得的液体部分或不溶于丙酮的部分(α-脂类:Anchor Product s/New Zenland产品)也可使用。
卵磷脂化学上指磷脂酰胆碱(PC),然而它通常指4种化合物的混合物,即PC、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)和磷脂酸(PE)和另一种磷脂。在本发明中,这些卵磷脂都可使用。此外,卵磷脂糊有不溶于丙酮的部分,用于指示从62到65%的磷脂纯度,高纯度粉末卵磷脂有95%或更高的磷脂含量,分馏的卵磷脂磷脂酰胆碱含量增加。
本发明的组合物可包含n-6系列多价未饱和脂肪酸和n-3系列多价未饱和脂肪酸。优选的是,这些多价未饱和脂肪酸量达到10到40%的脂肪酸组合物,30%优选。例如,这些多价未饱和脂肪酸可以约20%的量结合到脂肪酸组合物。
关于营养组合物的脂类组成,n-6系列多价未饱和脂肪酸和n-3系列多价未饱和脂肪酸可以约5∶1到约1∶1的比例结合,约4∶1优选。为达到此目的,推荐结合含高比例n-3系列α-亚麻酸的紫苏子油或亚麻子油。富含DHA的鲣或金枪鱼油也可使用。
在本发明中,至少选自牛奶磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、高油向日葵油和紫苏子油中的一种优选用作脂类。
在本发明营养组合物中,碳水化合物以40到60%的能量百分比结合,50到60%优选。此能量百分比约对应于《日本推荐饮食准许》,第6次修订本。使用碳水化合物异麦芽酮糖、1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖或它们的混合物。异麦芽酮糖、1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖或它们的混合物以60到100%的能量百分比结合到碳水化合物,60到80%优选。
另外的碳水化合物例子包括糖醇(山梨醇、木糖醇和麦芽糖醇)、海藻糖、palatinit(异麦芽糖醇的商品名)、麦芽糊精、加工的淀粉、直链淀粉、木薯淀粉、果糖和乳糖以及它们的混合物。其中麦芽糊精、木糖醇和它们的混合物优选。麦芽糊精是一种糖,通过酸水解或酶解淀粉或玉米淀粉获得的一种中间产物且其DE值为20或更小。
本发明的营养组合物可进一步包含食物纤维。食物纤维可以是水溶性食物纤维或非水溶性食物纤维。水溶性食物纤维的例子包括轻微可消化的糊精、胶质、葡甘露聚糖、褐藻酸、褐藻酸水解产物、瓜尔豆树脂、酶解获得的瓜尔豆树脂产物和半乳甘露聚糖。优选轻微可消化的糊精,因为它可容易地加入食物且不扰乱食物加工。非水溶性食物纤维的例子包括晶体纤维素、大豆食物纤维、麦麸、玉米纤维和beat纤维。
本发明的营养组合物可包含维生素和矿物质,它们的量根据标准液体食物。维生素包括维生素B2、烟酰胺、维生素B6、泛酸钙、叶酸、维生素B12、维生素A脂肪酸酯、维生素D3、α-维生素E、维生素K2、L-抗坏血酸纳和β-胡萝卜素。矿物质包括钙、磷、铁、纳、钾、氯和镁以及天然产生的痕量元素,例如酵母矿物质如铜、锌、铜、锰和铬。葡糖酸铜和葡糖酸锌也可使用。
本发明营养组合物的渗透压约从300到1000mOsm/L,例如从约300到750mOsm/L。室温测量时,营养组合物的粘度优选从约5到40mPa·S,具体从5到20mPa·S。
营养组合物优选的卡路里含量从约0.7到3千卡/mL,具体从1到1.5千卡/mL。
以直接可使用形式的营养组合物优选。此形式的组合物可经试管从鼻-胃然后空肠施用或口头施用。这种营养组合物可采用多种形式如果汁类饮料或奶昔饮料。营养组合物可以是可溶粉末,使用前可重构成。
营养组合物可包含多种香料(如香草)、甜味剂和其它添加剂。人工甜味剂天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯等可使用。
食用香草提取物有减少粪味的效果,可以5到500mg(0.005到0.5%)的量加入且类胡萝卜素制备(例如α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素)可以10到200μg(0.00001到0.0002%)的量加入用于加强营养。
可加入抗氧化剂儿茶酚或多酚。
可制备营养组合物,例如通过以上述混合比例混合蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物。在此情况中,乳化剂可加入混合物。
本发明的营养组合物可本领域已知方式获得作为产物,例如通过预先加热使液体营养组合物灭菌,然后消毒填充和其一起的容器(ex.使用UHT杀菌和消毒包装方法),或通过用液体营养组合物填充容器,然后加热灭菌与容器一起的组合物(ex.高压灭菌器方法)。
想要作为液体使用产物,均匀组合物装入罐头容器中,接着用高压杀菌釜;或在约140到145℃加热约5到8秒后再次灭菌、冷却,随后消毒装入容器。对于作为粉末使用产物,均匀组合物例如喷雾干燥。对于作为固体使用,加入琼脂等以固化组合物。
本发明的营养组合物有效用于患糖尿病或异常葡萄糖代谢患者的营养调控和血糖水平控制或用于预防肥胖。更具体的是,它有助于调控患I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、葡萄糖不耐症、手术后葡萄糖耐受疾病和葡萄糖耐受受损患者的营养。它也有助于控制他们的血糖水平。营养组合物也用于有高血糖复发风险的患者或作为糖尿病患者饮食治疗的补充。它也有效预防肥胖,这成为另外诱导糖尿病的风险因素。
在神经外科领域,许多患者患知觉疾病切不能自动进食。如果这种患者为40岁或更大,他们往往患一些并发症。对于这些有知觉疾病的患者,由于他们的消吸收能力往往不受损伤,营养可通过肠道施用,肠道是摄入食物的一个更生理化途径。因此本发明的营养组合物在营养调控中发挥重要作用。在同样患肾衰竭的多器官疾病(MODS)患者中,趋向发生水·电解异常,导致妨碍来自早期阶段的肠营养。因此需要设计的液体营养组合物并同时注意肾衰竭中的水·电解。本发明的营养组合物也可预期为这种组合物。
有人指出进餐后不仅糖尿病患者而且健康人的血糖水平和胰岛素分泌剧烈增加,促进内脏脂肪积聚,推测诱导生活-方式相关疾病发生,如血脂过多、高血压和动脉硬化。因此,考虑到餐后血糖水平控制来准备膳食是糖尿病饮食治疗的基础,它对于防止生活-方式相关疾病也是重要的。本发明的营养组合物以及口服或管饲营养物可用作治疗饮食或糖尿病患者在家中的饮食、预防肥胖的饮食或有健康要求的食物(用于具体健康目的的食物和有营养功能用途的食物)。
施用营养组合物给患者取决于他们的状态、重量或年龄、或者组合物是否是唯一的营养物。其剂量由负责医生决定。当营养组合物用作另外食物的补充时,减少其日剂量,这取决于另一种食物的量。
本发明的营养组合物可一天多次施用,例如从两到五次加至一天必需的量,每天一次,或连续一段必需的时期。
它可在固化后施用,固化是通过加入琼脂到液体营养组合物或通过加水和琼脂到粉末状营养组合物并在热处理后冷却。固化的营养组合物可代替普通的固体食物,因为它在餐产生饱的感觉。
实施例
下文通过实施例和试验更具体的描述本发明。然而本发明不限于这些实施例或被它们限制。
实施例1
液体营养组合物根据下表1所示原料量制备。所得组合物卡路里为100kca/100mL且含蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,能量百分比分别为23.7%、30.2%和46.1%。脂类中油酸的能量百分比是70%,碳水化合物中异麦芽酮糖的能量百分比是69%。组合物用作试验中的营养组合物。
使用牛奶蛋白浓缩物(MPC)(Fonterra/New Zealand产品)、DMV的酪蛋白酸盐、牛奶磷脂(New Zealand Dairy Ingredients有限公司产品)、轻微可消化的糊精(Matsutani Chemical Industry产品)、高油向日葵油(NOF公司产品)(油酸含量80%)、紫苏子油(NOF公司产品)(6%棕榈酸、2%硬脂酸、19%油酸、12%亚油酸和60%α-亚麻酸)、以及异麦芽酮糖(Shin Mitsui Sugar产品)。
表1
成分 | 原料 | 在100g基本混合物中 |
蛋白质 | 牛奶蛋白浓缩物(MPC)酪蛋白酸盐 | 5g1g |
脂类 | 营养调整的油或脂肪(含10%紫苏子油)牛奶磷脂大豆卵磷脂 | 3.0g0.1g0.3g |
碳水化合物 | 异麦芽酮糖麦芽糊精 | 8g3g |
木糖醇 | 0.9g | |
食物纤维 | 轻微可消化的糊精 | 1.6g |
一般成分 | 香料柠檬酸(用于pH调节) | 0.5g0.2g |
维生素 | 维生素A脂肪酸酯维生素D3α-维生素E(α-TE)联苯甲酰盐酸硫胺素维生素B2维生素B6维生素B12烟酸泛酸叶酸维生素C维生素K2α-胡萝卜素β-胡萝卜素番茄红素叶黄素 | 1.3g0.005mg40mg4.7mg2.6mg3.7mg0.005mg29.4mg9.5mg0.49mg60.6mg0.11mg0.8μg4.2μg1.4μg5.59μg |
矿物质 | 氯化钠氢氧化钾七水硫酸镁二水柠檬酸三钠硫酸亚铁 | 100mg150mg10mg120mg5mg |
实施例2
液体营养组合物根据下表2所示原料量制备。所得组合物卡路里为100kca/100mL,且含蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,能量百分比分别为24%、30%和46%。脂类中油酸的能量百分比是70%,碳水化合物中异麦芽酮糖的能量百分比是69%。组合物用作试验中的营养组合物。
表2
成分 | 原料 | 在100g基本混合物中 |
蛋白质 | 牛奶蛋白浓缩物(MPC) | 3.5g |
酪蛋白酸盐 | 2.4g | |
脂类 | 高油向日葵油+紫苏子油牛奶磷脂大豆卵磷脂 | 2.91g0.1g0.29g |
碳水化合物 | 异麦芽酮糖麦芽糊精木糖醇 | 7.01g2.45g0.9g |
食物纤维 | 轻微可消化的糊精 | 1.88g |
一般成分 | 香料食用香草提取物柠檬酸(用于pH调节) | 0.5g0.05g0.13g |
维生素 | 维生素A维生素D维生素E(α-TE)维生素B1维生素B2维生素B6维生素B12烟酸泛酸叶酸维生素Cα-胡萝卜素β-胡萝卜素番茄红素叶黄素 | 250IU30IU13.1mg0.96mg0.6mg0.4mg1.1μg1.8mg1.2mg75μg91mg0.8μg4.2μg1.4μg5.6μg |
矿物质 | 氯化钠硫酸亚铁铬酵母锌酵母磷酸二氢钾二水柠檬酸三钠氢氧化钾 | 100mgt5mg2mg5mg20mg100mg00mg |
实施例3
液体营养组合物根据下表3所示原料量制备。所得组合物卡路里含量为100kca/100mL且含蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,能量百分比分别为22%、30%和48%。脂类中油酸的能量百分比是70%,碳水化合物中异麦芽酮糖的能量百分比是69%。组合物用作试验中的营养组合物。
表3
成分 | 原料 | 在100g基本混合物中 |
蛋白质 | 牛奶蛋白浓缩物(MPC)酪蛋白酸盐 | 3.2g2.4g |
脂类 | 高油向日葵油+紫苏子油牛奶磷脂大豆卵磷脂 | 2.9g0.1g0.29g |
碳水化合物 | 异麦芽酮糖麦芽糊精木糖醇 | 8g3g0.9g |
食物纤维 | 轻微可消化的糊精 | 1.5g |
一般成分 | 香料食用香草提取物 | 0.4g0.05g |
维生素 | 维生素A维生素D天然维生素E(α-TE)维生素B1维生素B2维生素B6维生素B12烟酸泛酸叶酸维生素Cα-胡萝卜素β-胡萝卜素番茄红素叶黄素 | 250IU30IU8mg0.6mg0.5mg0.3mg0.9μg1.6mg1.0mg50μg45mg0.8μg4.2μg1.4μg5.6μg |
矿物质 | 氯化钠氢氧化钾磷酸二氢钾 | 100mg100mg20mg |
铬酵母锌酵母二水柠檬酸三钠硫酸亚铁 | 2mg5mg100mg5mg |
实施例4(制备粉末状营养组合物)
在蒸发器中,根据上面表3所示原料量制备的53kg液体营养组合物浓缩至32kg。所得浓缩营养组合物用喷雾干燥器处理(排气温度:95℃,孔号74,芯号17),获得10kg粉末状营养组合物。Meibalance C(表4)和Glucerna(表5)以类似上面的方式处理,获得对照粉末。粉末状营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C的固体含量分别为96.78、95.38和96.38。每克粉末状营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C的能量含量分别为5.6千卡、5.5千卡和4.6千卡。
表4:Meibalance C
成分 | 原料 | 在100g基本混合物中 |
蛋白质 | 牛奶蛋白浓缩物(MPC) | 4g |
碳水化合物 | 糊精蔗糖 | 14.2g0.4g |
脂类 | 植物油 | 2.8g |
食物纤维 | 轻微可消化的糊精 | 1g |
矿物质 | 钾钠氯钙磷镁铁 | 100mg110mg140mg110mg85mg15mg1mg |
维生素 | 维生素A维生素D维生素E维生素B1维生素B2维生素B6维生素B12烟酸 | 200IU20IU3mg0.15mg0.2mg0.3mg0.6μg1.6mg |
泛酸叶酸维生素C | 0.6mg50μg16mg |
表5:Glucerna
成分 | 原料 | 在100g基本混合物中 |
蛋白质 | 酪蛋白 | 4.2g |
碳水化合物 | 麦芽糊精果糖 | 6.2g1.7g |
脂类 | 向日葵油+大豆油+大豆卵磷脂 | 5.56g |
食物纤维 | 大豆聚糖 | 1.4g |
矿物质 | 钾钠氯钙磷镁铁 | 156mg93.2mg144mg70mg70mg28mg1.4mg |
维生素 | 维生素A维生素D维生素E维生素B1维生素B2维生素B6维生素B12烟酸泛酸叶酸维生素C | 352IU28IU3.2mg0.16mg0.18mg0.22mg0.64μg2.12mg0.92mg42μg21.2mg |
实施例5(固化营养组合物的过程)
加入2g琼脂(“Agar Quick”,商品名,Ina Shokuhin产品)到实施例4中制备的120g粉末状营养组合物,接着加入150mL热水(约60℃)。搅拌混合物。反应混合物在微波炉中(“RE-BM5W”,商品名,SAMSUNG产品)以500W额定高频输出热处理5分钟后,置于电冰箱来固化。所得营养组合物卡路里含量为672千卡。如果需要可调节此卡路里含量。琼脂含量优选为0.5到2%。
试验1(对正常大鼠血糖水平的影响)
(1)预先繁殖5周大的Spraque-Dawley IGS雄性大鼠(Charles River,日本)2周后,它们作为7周大的大鼠提供用于试验。大鼠禁食18小时,然后分成两组(n=6),一组施用实施例1中制备的组合物且对照组施用Glucerna,从而这两组平均血糖水平相同。
对于这两组,强制通过探针分别口头施用12.5mL/kg实施例1中制备的组合物和Glucerna。施用前(0分钟)和施用后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟和120分钟用小电极型血糖水平监控器(“Antosense II”,商品名,Bayer·Sankyo产品)测量臀脉血糖水平。发现Glucerna(Dynabbott产品)有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,能量百分比分别为16.4%、49.2%和34.4%(255千卡/250mL)。结果示于图1。
根据Glucerna施用组和营养组合物施用组间血糖水平变化的测量,施用后30分钟前一组的血糖水平增加到约130mg/dL,而后一组的血糖水平仅增加到约110mg/dL。这表明与Glucerna相比,血糖水平上升被营养组合物的施用显著抑制。
(2)预先繁殖6周大的Spraque-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠(Japan SLC)1周后,它们作为7周大的大鼠提供用于试验。大鼠禁食18小时,然后分成两组(n=6),一组施用实施例2中制备的组合物且对照组施用Meibalance C(“商品名”Meiji MilkProducts产品),从而这两组平均血糖水平相同。Meibalance C卡路里含量为100千卡/100mL且含蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,能量百分比为16%、25%和59%。
对于这两组,分开和强制通过探针p.o.施用各12.5mL/kg的营养组合物和Meibalance C。施用前(0分钟)和施用后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟和120分钟测量臀脉血糖水平。结果示于图2。因此各组的值表示为平均值±标准偏差(MEAN±SE)。用斯氏t试验检测组之间的显著差异且小于5%的值被判断为显著。
根据Meibalance C施用组和营养组合物施用组间血糖水平中时间-依赖变化的比较,施用后30到60分钟前一组的血糖水平增加到约140到160mg/dL,而后一组在30分钟后血糖水平仅增加到约120mg/dL且60分钟后增加到约140mg/dL。这表明与Meibalance C相比,血糖水平上升被营养组合物的施用显著抑制。
在上述结果基础上发现与现有的普遍使用液体食物相比,本发明的营养组合物有效用于显著抑制正常大鼠血糖水平在餐后上升。
(3)用正常大鼠研究实施例3中制备的各营养组合物的血液-水平-上升抑制效果,Glucerna和Meibalance C作为对照。用“CRF-1”(商品名;Oriental YeastIndustry产品)预先繁殖6周大的Spraque-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠(Japan SLC)1周后,它们作为7周大的大鼠提供用于试验。大鼠禁食18小时,接着测量各臀脉的血糖水平。它们随后被分成三组(n=6),即一组施用组合物,两组对照组一组施用Glucerna,一组施用Meibalance C,从而这三组平均血糖水平相同。
对于这三组,强制通过探针p.o.施用各12.5mL/kg的营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C。施用前(0分钟)和施用后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟和180分钟测量臀脉血糖水平(施用测试物质后它们禁食物和水)。因此各组的值表示为平均值±标准偏差(MEAN±SE)。用斯氏t试验检测组之间的显著差异且小于5%的值被判断为显著。结果示于图3。
各营养组合物和Glucerna施用组的血糖水平在0到60分钟显示的变化范围几乎从90到130mg/dL。30到60分钟后Meibalance C施用组的血糖水平增加到约140到160mg/DL,因此表现出相对营养组合物施用组的显著上升。
通过在大鼠禁食时间施用,本发明的营养组合物在抑制正常大鼠血液水平餐后上升中表现出与Glucerna类似的效果。
试验2(对链脲霉素诱导的I型糖尿病血糖水平的效果)
(1)用普通食物(“CRF-1”,商品名;Oriental Yeast Industry产品)预先繁殖6周大的Spraque-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠(Japan SLC),它们作为7周大的大鼠提供用于试验。链脲霉素(STZ)(Wako Pure Chemicals产品)以14mg/mL的浓度溶解于柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH4.5,0.05M)后,70mg/5mL/kg的所得溶液腹膜内注射。施用STZ一周后,大鼠用普通食物和水喂养。从次日晚上开始,它们禁食18小时(水没有限制),然后测量臀脉的血糖水平。它们被分成两组(n=6),即一组施用实施例2中制备的组合物且对照组施用Meibalance C,从而这两组平均血糖水平相同。
对于这两组,强制通过探针p.o.施用各12.5mL/kg(12.5千卡/kg)的营养组合物和Meibalance C。施用前(0分钟)和施用后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟和180分钟测量臀脉血糖水平。Meibalance C卡路里含量为100千卡/100mL且含蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,能量百分比为16%、25%和59%。结果示于图4。因此各组的值表示为平均值±标准偏差(MEAN±SE)。用斯氏t试验检测组之间的显著差异且小于5%的值被判断为显著。
根据Meibalance C和营养组合物施用组间血糖水平中时间-依赖变化的比较,60分钟前一组的血糖水平逐步增加到约350mg/dL,而后一组几乎在相同水平,施用后60到120分钟间和60分钟后观察到少许变化,表明与前一组相比,血糖水平上升被显著抑制。
STZ-诱导的糖尿病是胰岛素-缺乏的实验糖尿病模型,通过选择性破坏胰腺中的B细胞表现出高血糖水平(Steiner,H.等:Diabetologia,6,558,1970;Hoftiezer,V.和Carpenter,A.M.:Diabetologia,9,178,1973)。STZ干扰胰腺B细胞的效果可通过它的剂量来调节。当胰腺B细胞被破坏并不能再生时,低胰岛素血症和显著高血糖症发作(Blondel,O.等:Diabetes,38,610,1989)。此病态类似于胰岛素-依赖性I型糖尿病(IDDM)病态。
在用STZ-诱导的糖尿病大鼠的试验结果基础上证实与现有普通液体食物相比,本发明营养组合物也有效用于减少胰岛素缺乏I型糖尿病中血糖水平上升。
(2)用普通食物(“CRF-1”,商品名;Oriental Yeast Industry产品)预先繁殖6周大的Spraque-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠(Japan SLC)1周,它们作为7周大的大鼠提供用于试验。链脲霉素(STZ)(Wako Pure Chemicals产品)以14mg/mL的浓度溶解于柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH4.5,0.05M)后,70mg/5mL/kg的所得溶液腹膜内注射给大鼠。施用STZ七天后,大鼠用普通食物和水喂养。从次日晚上开始,它们禁食18小时(水没有限制),然后测量臀脉的血糖水平。它们被分成三组(n=6),即一组施用实施例2中制备的组合物,两个对照组施用Glucerna和Meibalance C,从而这三组平均血糖水平相同(260到270mg/dL)。
对于这三组,强制通过探针p.o.施用各12.5mL/kg(12.5千卡/kg)的营养组合物、Glucerna或Meibalance C。施用前(0分钟)和施用后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟和180分钟测量臀脉血糖水平。因此各组的值表示为平均值±标准偏差(MEAN±SE)。用斯氏t试验检测组之间的显著差异且小于5%的值被判断为显著。结果示于图5。
营养组合物施用组的血糖水平在施用后60分钟显示出小幅上升,从270mg/dL到300mg/dL,维持在几乎相同水平直到120分钟,180分钟后下降到施用前相同水平。Glucerna施用组的血糖水平表现出与营养组合物施用组类似的模式。另一方面,Meibalance C施用组的血糖水平在施用后60分钟从270mg/dL增加到350mg/dL,180分钟后下降至营养组合物或Glucerna施用组的相同水平。
简而言之,本发明营养组合物抑制糖尿病模型动物的血糖水平上升程度类似于Glucerna,与商业上一般液体食物Meibalance C相比显著抑制血糖水平。结果,证明本发明营养组合物有效用于抑制胰岛素-缺乏I型糖尿病(IDDM)的血糖水平上升。
试验3(对自发II型糖尿病(GK大鼠)的效果)
(1)用普通食物(“CRF-1”,商品名;Oriental Yeast Industry产品)预先繁殖5周大的雄性GK大鼠(CLEA Japan)2周,它们作为7周大的大鼠提供用于试验。它们被分成三组(n=6),即一组施用实施例3中制备的营养组合物,两个对照组是Glucerna施用组和Meibalance C施用组,从而这三组平均血糖水平相同。
大鼠禁食18小时后,强制通过探针p.o.施用各12.5mL/kg的营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C。施用前和施用后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟和180分钟测量臀脉血糖水平。因此各组的值表示为平均值±标准偏差(MEAN±SE)。用斯氏t试验检测组之间的显著差异且小于5%的值被判断为显著。结果示于图6。
营养组合物施用组和Glucerna施用组的血糖水平在施用后30分钟内都表现出缓慢增加,从约100mg/dL到150mg/dL,之后直到120分钟保持在约150mg/dL。因此,这些组之间没有观察到显著差异。Meibalance C施用组的血糖水平在60后增加到约210mg/dL。与营养组合物和Glucerna施用组相比,Meibalance C施用组的血糖水平表现出显著增加,这持续到120分钟。
GK大鼠是通过选择性繁殖Wister大鼠获得的自发糖尿病模型动物,旨在降低葡萄糖耐受(Goto Y.等:Proc.Jap.Acad.,51:80,1975;Goto Y.等:Tohoku J.Exp.Med.,119:85,1976)。这些大鼠中没有发现肥胖,而发现高血糖症降低葡萄糖耐受且葡萄糖-刺激降低初始胰岛素分泌(Goto Y.Kakizaki.M.:Proc.Jap.Acad.,57:381,1981;Kimura K.等:Tohoku J.Exp.Med.,137:453,1982;Toyoto T.等:Diabetologia,14:319,1987;Sugiyama Yasuo等:Diabetes32:593,1989)。它们的病态很类似于人非矮胖非胰岛素依赖性II型糖尿病,因此它们用作NIDDM的动物模型。
本发明营养组合物显著抑制血糖水平上升,另外当普通液体食物口头施用给GK大鼠时,观察到它的抑制程度几乎类似于Glucerna。这表明本发明营养组合物有助于II型糖尿病的营养调控和血糖水平控制,II型糖尿病占所有糖尿病情况的95%。
上述试验结果证实本发明营养组合物特征不同于常规营养组合物,摄入后血糖水平缓慢上升,通过作用于胰岛素缺乏I型糖尿病和胰岛素抗性II型糖尿病来抑制血糖水平上升并促进脂类代谢。
试验4(长期施用对自发II型糖尿病的效果)
作为试验动物,购买7周大的C57BL/KSJ-db/db Jc1小鼠(雄性)(来自CLEAJapan)。用普通食物(“CRF-1”,商品名;Oriental Yeast Industry产品)适应1周后开始作为8周大小鼠使用。测量用普通食物喂养的小鼠的血糖水平和HbAlc(“DCA2000系统”,商品名;Bayer Medical产品)。随后它们被分成三组(n=8),即粉末状营养组合物施用组、Glucerna粉末施用组和Meibalance C粉末施用组,从而这三组平均血糖水平相同(分类的值被认为是0天的值)。分类后第二天开始9周,这三组随意用水、实施例4中制备的营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C粉末分别喂养,不用普通食物。各组的能量摄入从各营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C的摄入量计算。
随意喂养后,定期测量(1次/周,在2:00到4:00pm)血糖水平和血色素Alc(HbAlc),它们是糖尿病病态指标。HbAlc是结合葡萄糖的血色素。在人类中,收集血液时血糖水平代表瞬间值。另一方面,HbAlc反映血液收集时间前1到3个月的血糖水平控制情况,从而用于医学设备检测和判断长期血糖控制的适当性。
小鼠随意喂养9周后,它们禁食18小时(只有水没有限制)。随后它们用二乙醚麻醉,接着收集血液并解剖。从血液分离血清且用“DRI-CHM 3500”(商品名;FUJI FILM产品)测量血清GPT。切除肝脏,根据Folch等的方法从中提取脂类。肝脏中的中性脂肪积聚作为脂类成分用“Iatroscan”(商品名;Iatro Labortories公司产品)定量分析。作为主要发展的溶液,氯仿、甲醇和水的50∶20∶2.5混合物被使用,而作为第二种发展的溶液,己烷、二乙醚和蚁酸的60∶5∶0.15混合物被使用。
测量结果表示为平均值±标准偏差(MEAN±S.D.)。根据Mann-Whitney U试验,三组间的差异小于5%被判断为显著。
<结果>
营养组合物组的摄入能量表现出9周几乎稳定的变化。另一方面,Glucerna组的摄入能量在摄入开始后3周逐步减少,Meibalance C组的摄入能量从摄入开始后4周开始降低且从5周到8周与Glucerna组的水平相同。9周的重量变化示于图7。
营养组合物和Glucerna粉末摄入组在此期间显示的重量增加趋势高于Meibalance C粉末摄入组。
营养组合物和Glucerna粉末摄入组的血糖水平表现出类似变化。血糖水平从约500mg/dL不变化约4周,这与摄入开始前的值相同。另一方面,Meibalance C摄入组的血糖水平在摄入开始后1周左右增加且与营养组合物相比在3到4周后非常高。结果示于图8。
在所有组中,HbAlc显示增加趋势,直到第17天和左右。在第24天,营养组合物组的HbAlc与Meibalance C组相比很低,在第31天,营养组合物组的HbAlc与Glucerna和Meibalance C组相比非常低。结果示于图9。
在第5周,Meibalance C组的血糖水平超过可测量的界限。在第6周,测量停止,因为Glucerna和Meibalance C组的血糖水平和HbAlc都超过可测量的界限。
各粉末喂养9周并随之禁食过夜(18小时)后,小鼠进行血液收集和解剖。测量血清GOT和GPT、肝脏中的中性脂肪积聚。相对营养组合物组和Meibalance C组,Glucerna组的GOT和GPT表现出显著高的值。结果示于图10和11。
甚至从肉眼观察,Glucerna摄入组的肝脏变成显著的脂肪肝脏,而在各营养组合物和Meibalance C组的肝脏中没有发现具体变化。与营养组合物组和Meibalance C摄入组相比,Glucerna摄入组肝脏中的中性脂肪积聚和每g肝脏的中性脂肪量明显高。结果示于图12和13。
C57BL/KSJ-db/db Jc1小鼠在1996年发现于C57BL/KSJ克隆,此克隆作为突变类型小鼠获得自C57BL/6J小鼠,自发表现出显著的糖尿病症状如摄食过量、肥胖和胰岛素过多血症。这些小鼠是表现出II型糖尿病病态的肥胖糖尿病小鼠。它们从4到5周大开始肥胖,随着体重增加,血糖水平从6到7周开始增加。肥胖被认为由摄食过量引起。它们被广泛用于分析肥胖、糖尿病和其并发症的发作机制,以及药理学筛选降低血糖水平的试剂。
从用这些小鼠的试验结果发现本发明营养组合物在长期血糖控制和脂类代谢中优于Glucerna,Glucerna用于患异常葡萄糖代谢患者的营养调控和血糖水平控制。对于防止糖尿病慢性并发症,长期维持适当血糖水平很重要。根据报导(N.Eng.J.Med.329:977-986,1993;Diabetes Care 20:621-622,1997;UKPDS 33.Lacet 352:854-865,1998),如果糖尿病患者的HbAlc维持在7%或更低,可抑制视网膜病或肾病的发作和发展。
同样发现本发明营养组合物对促进患异常葡萄糖代谢患者的营养调控的效果类似于Glucerna。
试验5(长期施用对正常小鼠内脏脂肪积聚抑制的效果)
作为试验动物,购买4周大的C57BL/6Jc1小鼠(来自CLEA JAPAN)。它们用普通食物(“CRF-1”,商品名;Oriental Yeast Industry产品)适应1周并作为5周大小鼠提供。它们被称体重并随后分成三组(n=9)(分类的重量被认为是0天的重量),即粉末状营养组合物施用组、Glucerna粉末施用组和Meibalance C粉末施用组,从而这三组重量相同。分类后,它们随意用实施例4中制备的营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C喂养,不用普通食物,定期测量它们的重量和摄入量。来自随意喂养1个月的小鼠,在二乙醚麻醉下从它们的眼眶收集血液到肝磷脂-处理的试管中。血液收集和剖腹术后,切除肝脏、肾、脾、附睾脂肪和后腹膜脂肪并称重。切除肝脏的一部分勇0.5%Triton X-100/0.85%NaCl匀浆化。通过离心分离(1000rpm,10分钟)收集上清。上清中总胆固醇水平和中性脂肪用胆固醇E-试验Wako和甘油三酸酯试验Wako测量(各是Wako Pure Chemicals产品)。
用Mann-Whitney U-试验完成所有数据的统计分析。结果表示为平均值±标准偏差。不同字母表示显著差异,相同字母表示没有显著差异。
营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C三组中,几乎不存在随意喂养摄入能量的变化(从摄入量转化)。关于重量变化,直到它们的生长期即5到7周大,组中几乎不存在差异,这些组显示类似的重量增加。从性成熟期到试验完成日,更具体是从7到9周大,营养组合物组的重量增加显著低于另两组。结果示于图14和15。
随意喂养1个月后肉眼观察结果没有发现各组器官的异常,但内脏脂肪量存在明显不同。肉眼观察揭示内脏脂肪量以下列顺序由高到低:Meibalance C组、Glucerna组和营养组合物组。关于附睾脂肪量(%重量)和后腹膜脂肪量(%重量),营养组合物组显著低于Meibalance C组。结果示于图16和17。与Glucerna组相比显示营养组合物组更低但它们的差异不明显。每g肝脏的中性脂肪量在营养组合物、Glucerna和Meibalance C组间几乎相同,而相较Glucerna组和Meibalance C组,营养组合物组中每g肝脏的胆固醇水平显著低。
当将营养组合物喂养给小鼠超过2周的生长期(从5周达到7周大)时,摄入能量和重量增加类似于作为对照喂养的Glucerna组和Meibalance C组。这表明在生长期,营养组合物有与Glucerna和Meibalance C类似的营养效果。尽管从7周大后的性成熟期开始这三组的摄入能量没有大的差异,营养组合物组的重量表现出的增加显著小于Glucerna和Meibalance C组。这些结果表明与Glucerna和Meibalance C组相比,营养组合物对于性成熟期前的小鼠有抑制重量增加的效果。由于主要内脏脂肪附睾脂肪和后腹膜脂肪的量在营养组合物低于Glucerna和Meibalance C组,推断在营养组合物中,抑制内脏脂肪积聚导致抑制重量增加。摄入营养组合物后血糖水平和血清胰岛素水平被证明低于Meibalance C的,从而它可称为低G.I.(糖血指标)食物。因此营养组合物可用于作为预防肥胖的食物或作为规定食物以及用于糖尿病患者的食物。
工业应用
本发明营养组合物可作为口服或管饲营养物、治疗饮食或糖尿病患者在家中的饮食、预防肥胖的饮食或有健康要求的食物,用于患糖尿病和葡萄糖不耐症患者的营养调控和血糖水平控制或用于预防肥胖。它有助于作为制备的液体营养组合物用于I或II型糖尿病患者的营养调控、血糖水平控制或预防肥胖,或在手术后作为管饲或肠营养物用于患严重脑疾病或有脑外伤(分解代谢过度和代谢亢进诱导的高血糖症)的患者或年老患者。
Claims (10)
1.一种控制血糖水平、预防肥胖的营养组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,其中由蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物提供的能量百分比分别为10到25%、20到35%和40到60%;脂类中的油酸提供60到90%的能量,碳水化合物中的异麦芽酮糖和/或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖提供60到100%的能量。
2.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有牛奶磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、高油向日葵油和紫苏子油中至少一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物用于糖尿病或葡萄糖不耐症患者或用于预防肥胖。
4.如权利要求3所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物用于糖尿病患者在家中的饮食或预防肥胖的饮食。
5.如权利要求3所述的营养组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物是口服或管饲(肠)营养物。
6.一种营养组合物在制备控制血糖水平的、预防肥胖的营养组合物中的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物含有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物,其中由蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物提供的能量百分比分别为10到25%、20到35%和40到60%;脂类中的油酸提供60到90%的能量,碳水化合物中的异麦芽酮糖和/或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-β-D-果糖提供60到100%的能量。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物含有牛奶磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、高油向日葵油和紫苏子油中至少一种。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物用于糖尿病或葡萄糖不耐症患者或用于预防肥胖。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物用于糖尿病患者在家中的饮食或预防肥胖的饮食。
10.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物是口服或管饲(肠)营养物。
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WO2002011562A2 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2002-02-14 | Advanced Functional Foods International, Inc. | Nutritional supplement for the management of weight |
-
2002
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- 2002-09-06 JP JP2003526417A patent/JP3545760B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2002-09-06 BR BR0212369-0A patent/BR0212369A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-09-06 CN CN2010102310080A patent/CN101897947A/zh active Pending
- 2002-09-06 AU AU2002330496A patent/AU2002330496B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-06 KR KR1020047002459A patent/KR100926944B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-06 WO PCT/JP2002/009092 patent/WO2003022288A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2002-09-06 AT AT02765443T patent/ATE368467T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-06 DK DK02765443T patent/DK1424074T3/da active
- 2002-09-06 EP EP02765443A patent/EP1424074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 DE DE60221541T patent/DE60221541T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-06 CN CNA02817531XA patent/CN1553805A/zh active Pending
- 2002-09-06 CA CA2458325A patent/CA2458325C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2002-09-06 CN CN201711039231.3A patent/CN107875118A/zh active Pending
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- 2002-09-09 TW TW091120437A patent/TWI332399B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-09 TW TW099120150A patent/TWI359021B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105394748A (zh) * | 2005-04-06 | 2016-03-16 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 从营养方面改善葡萄糖控制和胰岛素作用的方法和组合物 |
CN111227254A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-05 | 赫斯提亚健康科技(无锡)有限公司 | 一种用于辅助降血糖的碳水化合物组合 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2458325C (en) | 2011-08-02 |
US20050002988A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
KR20040044455A (ko) | 2004-05-28 |
EP1424074B1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
DE60221541T2 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
ES2289142T3 (es) | 2008-02-01 |
DK1424074T3 (da) | 2007-10-01 |
EP1424074A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
CN1553805A (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
EP1424074A4 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
DE60221541D1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
US7641924B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
CN107875118A (zh) | 2018-04-06 |
HK1247107A1 (zh) | 2018-09-21 |
BR0212369A (pt) | 2004-08-17 |
JPWO2003022288A1 (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
WO2003022288A1 (fr) | 2003-03-20 |
US20090143277A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
NZ531255A (en) | 2005-08-26 |
KR100926944B1 (ko) | 2009-11-17 |
TWI359021B (en) | 2012-03-01 |
TW201036618A (en) | 2010-10-16 |
MY135783A (en) | 2008-06-30 |
CA2458325A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
ATE368467T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
US7815947B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
TWI332399B (en) | 2010-11-01 |
AU2002330496B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
JP3545760B2 (ja) | 2004-07-21 |
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