CN101837733A - 用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆传动系中力流转的方法 - Google Patents

用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆传动系中力流转的方法 Download PDF

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CN101837733A
CN101837733A CN201010003453A CN201010003453A CN101837733A CN 101837733 A CN101837733 A CN 101837733A CN 201010003453 A CN201010003453 A CN 201010003453A CN 201010003453 A CN201010003453 A CN 201010003453A CN 101837733 A CN101837733 A CN 101837733A
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vehicle
electrically powered
powered machine
power
collision
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CN101837733B (zh
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J·贝克
R·凯勒
J·梅茨勒
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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Abstract

一种用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆的传动系中的力流转的方法，其中，将在该传动系中提供的一台电动机器从一个从动桥上断开，其特征在于，在碰撞的情况下，在传动系中安排在该电动机器(EM)与一个从动桥(A)之间的一个自动变速器(G)被转换至一个空挡位置之中。

Description

用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆传动系中力流转的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在碰撞情况下中断车辆传动系中的力流转的方法。
背景技术
混合动力车辆或者电动车辆在传动系中具有至少一台电动机器，该电动机器被电气连接到一个高压电池上。如果该电动机器作为一台电动机通过从高压电池对其供应电流来运行，则该电动机器至少可以按比例地驱动该车辆的一个车桥(电动行进或者助推)。具体地讲，如果将该电动机器作为一个发电机来运行，则由于一个车桥的旋转运动被传递到该电动机器上(能量回收)或者由于该电动机器被内燃发动机转动的事实该电动机器能够用电流对高压电池充电。然而，在该车辆的碰撞的情况下，当该电动机器短时间地作为一个发电机来运行时，由于受损的高压电力线路可能发生电热效应。
出于这种原因，在自成一类的US 6,793,034B2中，为每个车桥或者每个车轮提供了一个分离的机械中断单元。其结果是，虽然带来了在一台电动机器与传动系的一个从动桥之间力流转的可靠中断，但是这构成了一种结构上复杂并因此昂贵的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种简单而有成本效益的替代方案。
该目的是通过下述1的用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆的传动系中的力流转的方法来实现的。2-5是优选的实施方案。
1.用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆的传动系中的力流转的方法，其中，将提供在该传动系中的一台电动机器从一个从动桥上断开，其特征在于，在碰撞情况下，在该传动系中安排在该电动机器(EM)与一个从动桥(A)之间的一个自动变速器(G)被转换至一个空挡位置之中。
2.根据1所述的方法，其中，该车辆被实施为一种并联混合动力车，它具有一个传动系，其中一个内燃发动机(VM)、一台电动机器(EM)以及一个自动变速器(G)被安排在一个共同的轴上，并且其中一个离合器(T)被提供在该内燃发动机与该电动机器之间，并且该车辆因此而能够由该电动机器驱动和/或通过该内燃发动机来驱动，其中在该车辆碰撞的情况下，该离合器被额外地关闭。
3.根据1或2所述的方法，其中，该车辆变速器基于一个信号被转换至一个空挡位置中，在该车辆碰撞的情况下该信号由一个加速传感器和/或一个气囊控制装置(S1)产生。
4.根据3所述的方法，其中，提供了所产生的信号的一个冗余传输。
5.根据1至4之一所述的方法，其中，在一个网络化变速器控制器的一个控制信号故障的情况下，该车辆变速器被转换至一个空挡位置中。
本发明提供了在车辆碰撞的情况下，将在传动系中安排在该电动机器与该从动桥或者这些从动桥之间的一个自动变速器转换至一个空挡位置中。因此，在传动系中带有一个自动变速器的一个车辆发生碰撞的情况下，根据本发明的方法同样导致该电动机器从该驱动桥上可靠断开。可以提供任何能够以一种自动方式转换至空挡位置中的常规变速器在此作为该自动变速器。根据本发明，一个自动变速器本身在此完全不需要任何改变。仅改变了该自动变速器的致动，例如通过在该变速器控制装置中的适当修改。因此，本发明通过一个适当的控制逻辑实现了与在US 6,793,034B2中的机械装置相同的效果。这导致了在碰撞情况下在车辆的传动系中将力流转中断的一种特别简单而有成本效益的方法。
根据本发明的方法特别优选地用于被实施为一种并联混合动力车的车辆中。这样一种车辆包括一个传动系，其中一台内燃发动机、一台电动机器以及一个自动变速器被安排在一个共同的轴上。在该内燃发动机与该电动机器之间提供了一个离合器，通过该离合器，该车辆可以通过该电动机器和/或该内燃发动机来驱动。在该车辆的碰撞情况下，该离合器在此被关闭。在碰撞的情况下，对内燃发动机的燃油供给通常立刻被停止，其结果是所述内燃发动机采取一个静止状态。因为离合器已经被关闭，所以该电动机器通过内燃发动机而被停止。因为该自动变速器的进入一个空挡位置中的这种创造性转换中断了该电动机器与该驱动桥之间的力流转，所以一个驱动桥的旋转运动不再能够被传递到电动机器上。因此，在该车辆的碰撞情况下，可靠地防止了该电动机器的旋转以及它的相应地作为一个发电机的运行。
通过一个信号(碰撞信号)对车辆的碰撞情况的可靠的检测是可能的，该信号由该车辆的一个加速传感器和/或一个气囊控制装置来产生。当发生这样的一个信号时，该自动变速器被转换至一个空挡位置之中。
为了进一步增加在碰撞情况下的安全性，可以提供一个冗余信号传输。为此目的，该碰撞信号从该生成装置(例如加速传感器或者气囊控制装置)通过如另外的线路和/或信号通道被传输到车辆中的处理装置(例如该变速器控制装置)上。
由于事实上在一个网路化变速器控制器的一个控制信号故障的情况下该自动变速器被转换至一个空挡位置之中，可以实现改进的安全性。例如该变速器控制装置的CAN信号的这样一种故障还表征了该车辆的碰撞状况。
附图说明
现在将参见一个附图更详细地介绍本发明。此处的单一视图示出了本发明的带有一个对应信号传输的一个特别优选的实施方案。
具体实施方案
展示了被实施为一个单轴并联的混合动力车的混合动力车辆1。在此，提供了一台内燃发动机VM，内燃发动机VM与一台电动机器EM一起被安排在一个自动变速器G的输入轴上。在电动机器EM与内燃发动机VM之间提供了一个离合器T。在自动变速器G的一个输出轴上提供了用于驱动混合动力车辆1的一个驱动桥A的两个车轮R1、R2的一个差速器D。电动机器EM经由功率电子设备LE被电气连接到一个高压电池B上。高压电池B另外还将电流提供给一个电动转向装置L以及一个电动空调系统K。
若将离合器T关闭，则内燃发动机VM以及(作为一台电动机运行的)电动机器EM二者将力或者扭矩传递到该自动变速器G之中，以驱动混合动力车辆1的驱动桥A。若将离合器T打开，则仅有电动机器EM将力或扭矩施加到自动变速器G上，并且因此而允许混合动力车辆1的纯电动行进。
如果混合动力车辆1要进行制动，那么电动机器EM可以作为一台发电机来运行，并且通过以此方式施加的力可以产生制动。如果在混合动力车辆1的运行过程中需要额外的电流，除了驱动桥A之外内燃发动机VM还致动电动机器EM使之作为一个发电机运行。在这两种情况下，通过电动机器EM的旋转分别产生电流。这种电流通过电力线路(例如的三相高压线路)在电动机器EM、动力电子装置LE以及高压电池B之间传递。其结果是，当电动机器EM旋转时，在此对应地存在高电压。
在混合动力车辆1碰撞的情况下，当超过一个碰撞触发阈值时，一个气囊控制装置S1(例如)经由一个车辆总线(CAN)将碰撞信号传递给一个发动机控制装置S2。如果该碰撞信号在发动机控制装置S2处出现，则内燃发动机VM的燃油泵P将立即被停止。这允许内燃发动机VM在该碰撞信号出现之后的一个短时间内停止。此外，在这种情况下，离合器T(在本实施方案中被实施为液压方式)被自动地置于其关闭的基础状态中。因为燃油泵P不再将任何燃油输送给内燃发动机VM，所以该内燃发动机采取一种静止状态。因为在内燃发动机VM与电动机器EM之间的离合器T也被关闭，所以静止的内燃发动机VM还停止了电动机器EM。这是因为在此类的一个单轴并联混合动力车中，内燃发动机VM通常具有一种显著高于电动机器EM的旋转质量。
虽然在混合动力车辆1的碰撞的情况下离合器T的自动关闭允许电动机器EM可靠地停止，但在某些配置中，驱动桥A的旋转可以经由自动变速器G被传递到电动机器EM上。鉴于由驱动桥A相应施加的力，此时可使电动机器EM以及经由关闭的离合器T被连接的内燃发动机VM进行旋转。于是，电动机器EM的旋转产生一个相应的高电压。该高电压还会存在于电动机器EM与功率电子装置LE之间以及功率电子装置LE与高压电池B之间的电力线路上。在碰撞的情况下，这些电力线路可能受到损害，其结果是，所存在的高电压可能产生电热效应的危险，例如，可能导致失火。
因此，这里的安排是在混合动力车辆1碰撞的情况下，将自动变速器G转换至一个空挡位置之中。为此目的，在超过碰撞触发阈值时，气囊控制装置S1还例如经由一个车辆总线(CAN)将碰撞信号传递到一个变速器控制装置S3上。如果一个对应碰撞信号存在于变速器控制装置S3处，那么自动变速器G被变速器控制装置S3转换至一个空挡位置之中。这可靠地中断了从混合动力车辆1的一个旋转的驱动桥A到电动机器EM的力传输，因为自动变速器G现在不再允许从驱动桥A到电动机器EM的力流转。为了在碰撞情况下进一步增加安全性，这里的安排是使变速器控制装置S3被冗余地启动。为此目的，除了气囊控制装置S1的碰撞信号之外变速器控制装置S3还评估发动机控制装置S2的信号。当气囊控制装置S1的碰撞信号因此而存在于发动机控制装置S2处时，所述发动机控制装置S2不仅关掉燃油泵P而且还将一个信号传递到变速器控制装置S3上。其结果是，在混合动力车辆1的碰撞的情况下，两个信号彼此独立地被传递到变速器控制装置S3上。其结果是，可靠地使变速器控制装置S3能够将自动变速器G转换至一个空挡位置中。

Claims (5)

1.用于在碰撞情况下中断车辆的传动系中的力流转的方法，其中，将提供在该传动系中的一台电动机器从一个从动桥上断开，其特征在于，在碰撞情况下，在该传动系中安排在该电动机器(EM)与一个从动桥(A)之间的一个自动变速器(G)被转换至一个空挡位置之中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，该车辆(1)被实施为一种并联混合动力车，它具有一个传动系，其中一个内燃发动机(VM)、一台电动机器(EM)以及一个自动变速器(G)被安排在一个共同的轴上，并且其中一个离合器(T)被提供在该内燃发动机与该电动机器之间，并且该车辆因此而能够由该电动机器驱动和/或通过该内燃发动机来驱动，其中在该车辆碰撞的情况下，该离合器被额外地关闭。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，该车辆变速器基于一个信号被转换至一个空挡位置中，在该车辆碰撞的情况下该信号由一个加速传感器和/或一个气囊控制装置(S1)产生。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，提供了所产生的信号的一个冗余传输。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，其中，在一个网络化变速器控制器的一个控制信号故障的情况下，该车辆变速器被转换至一个空挡位置中。
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