CN101631463B - 环杷明类似物 - Google Patents
环杷明类似物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101631463B CN101631463B CN200780051114.7A CN200780051114A CN101631463B CN 101631463 B CN101631463 B CN 101631463B CN 200780051114 A CN200780051114 A CN 200780051114A CN 101631463 B CN101631463 B CN 101631463B
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- QASFUMOKHFSJGL-LAFRSMQTSA-N Cyclopamine Chemical class C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC2=C3C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@@]13O[C@@H]2C[C@H](C)CN[C@H]2[C@H]1C QASFUMOKHFSJGL-LAFRSMQTSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 107
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 74
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005420 sulfonamido group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)(N*)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 120
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 106
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- -1 amino, sulfonamido Chemical group 0.000 description 86
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 68
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 68
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 41
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 36
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 33
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 33
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 32
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 25
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 21
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 18
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 238000005888 cyclopropanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 241000289669 Erinaceus europaeus Species 0.000 description 14
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 14
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229930003352 steroid alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- UDQTXCHQKHIQMH-KYGLGHNPSA-N (3ar,5s,6s,7r,7ar)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(ethylamino)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3ah-pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]thiazole-6,7-diol Chemical compound S1C(NCC)=N[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(F)F)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O UDQTXCHQKHIQMH-KYGLGHNPSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229940125936 compound 42 Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 10
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 9
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical class IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 7
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006049 ring expansion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynyl-1H-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound NC=1NC(C=2N(C(N(C=2N=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C)=O TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 0 C(C1)[C@@]2[C@@]1C*=C(CC1)CCC1C2 Chemical compound C(C1)[C@@]2[C@@]1C*=C(CC1)CCC1C2 0.000 description 6
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 6
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940125851 compound 27 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006345 epimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 241000027355 Ferocactus setispinus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 5
- QASFUMOKHFSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopamine Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C(CC2=C3C)C1C2CCC13OC2CC(C)CNC2C1C QASFUMOKHFSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 5
- JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KCRRYOSHXIMXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-oxoethyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NCC=O KCRRYOSHXIMXSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IPSRAFUHLHIWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;ethane Chemical group [Zn+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C IPSRAFUHLHIWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004849 alkoxymethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloroformate Chemical compound ClC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N [(1s,3r,4ar,7s,8s,8as)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2s)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000004832 aryl thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanide;cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCC1 VSRXQHXAPYXROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NJAPCAIWQRPQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NJAPCAIWQRPQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940127204 compound 29 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明提供具有下式的环杷明的新衍生物。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2006年12月28日提交的USSN 60/878,018和2007年6月1日提交的USSN 60/941,596的优先权,通过引用将其全文纳入本文。
发明背景
本发明一般涉及环杷明类似物和其药物组合物,以及制备这种类似物和组合物的方法。这些化合物和组合物可用于治疗hedgehog途径介导的疾病,如癌症。
在某些癌症中,抑制hedgehog途径能导致抑制肿瘤生长。例如,已证明抗hedgehog抗体能拮抗hedgehog途径的功能并抑制肿瘤生长。也已证明,在许多癌症类型中用小分子抑制hedgehog途径活性能导致细胞死亡。
该领域的研究主要集中于阐明hedgehog途径的生物学机理和发现新的hedgehog途径抑制剂。虽然已经鉴定到hedgehog途径的抑制剂,但仍然需要鉴定更有效的hedgehog途径的抑制剂。
2006年3月9日公开并转让给与本发明相同的受让人的PCT公开号WO 2006/026430公开了各种环杷明类似物,集中在A环或B环不饱和的化合物。在本申请中,功效出人意料的类似物包含完全饱和的A和B环。
发明概述
本发明涉及甾体生物碱,如环杷明的类似物,含有这些化合物的药物组合物,以及制备这些化合物的方法。在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及以下结构代表的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式中,R1是H、烷基、-OR、氨基、亚磺酰氨基(sulfonamido)、磺酰胺基(sulfamido)、-OC(O)R5、-N(R5)C(O)R5或糖;R2是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、腈基或杂环烷基;或者R1和R2一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR)、=N(R)、=N(NR2)、=C(R)2;
R3是H、烷基、烯基或炔基;
R4是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、卤代烷基、-OR5、-C(O)R5、-CO2R5、-SO2R5、-C(O)N(R5)(R5)、-[C(R)2]q-R5、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)O]qR5、-[(W)-OC(O)]qR5、-[(W)-SO2]qR5、-[(W)-N(R5)SO2]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5)]qR5、-[(W)-O]qR5、-[(W)-N(R)]qR5、-W-NR5 3 +X-或-[(W)-S]qR5;
其中W各自独立地是双基;
q各自独立地是1、2、3、4、5或6;
X-是卤素;
R5各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或-[C(R)2]p-R6;其中p为0-6;或者任何两个R5可一起形成含有0-3个杂原子的4-8元任选取代的环,所述杂原子选自N、O、S或P;
R6各自独立地是羟基、-N(R)COR、-N(R)C(O)OR、-N(R)SO2(R)、-C(O)N(R)2、-OC(O)N(R)(R)、-SO2N(R)(R)、-N(R)(R)、-COOR、-C(O)N(OH)(R)、-OS(O)2OR、-S(O)2OR、-OP(O)(OR)(OR)、-NP(O)(OR)(OR)或-P(O)(OR)(OR);
R各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基或芳烷基,
限制条件是:当R2、R3和R4是H时,R1不是羟基或糖;
限制条件还有:当R4是羟基时,R1不是糖或羟基,且R1和R2不是C=O。
在某些实施方式中,R1是H、羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基或氨基。在其他实施方式中,R1和R2与它们所结合的碳一起形成=O、=N(OR)或=S。在其他实施方式中,R3是H和/或R4是H、烷基、羟基、芳烷基、-[C(R)2]q-R5、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-N(R)SO2]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]qR5、-[(W)-O]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)]qR5或-[(W)-C(O)O]qR5。在其他实施方式中,R1是H或-OR,R2是H或烷基,R4是H。在其他实施方式中,R2是H或烷基,R3是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基或芳烷基;和/或R4是H、烷基、芳烷基、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-N(R)SO2]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]qR5、-[(W)-O]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)]qR5或-[(W)-C(O)O]qR5。在其它实施方式中,R1是亚磺酰氨基。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及选自下组的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
在某些实施方式中,上述化合物是分离的。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及选自下组的分离化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及以下结构代表的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
式中,R1是H、烷基、-OR、氨基、亚磺酰氨基、磺酰胺基、-OC(O)R5、-N(R5)C(O)R5或糖;
R2是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、腈基或杂环烷基;或者R1和R2一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR)、=N(R)、=N(NR2)、=C(R)2;
R3是H、烷基、烯基或炔基;
R4是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、卤代烷基、-OR5、-C(O)R5、-CO2R5、-SO2R5、-C(O)N(R5)(R5)、-[C(R)2]q-R5、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)O]qR5、-[(W)-OC(O)]qR5、-[(W)-SO2]qR5、-[(W)-N(R5)SO2]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5)]qR5、-[(W)-O]qR5、-[(W)-N(R)]qR5、-W-NR5 3 +X-或-[(W)-S]qR5;
其中W各自独立地是双基;
q各自独立地是1、2、3、4、5或6;
X-是卤素;
R5各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或-[C(R)2]p-R6;其中p为0-6;或者任何两个R5可一起形成含有0-3个杂原子的4-8元任选取代的环,所述杂原子选自N、O、S或P;
R6各自独立地是羟基、-N(R)COR、-N(R)C(O)OR、-N(R)SO2(R)、-C(O)N(R)2、-OC(O)N(R)(R)、-SO2N(R)(R)、-N(R)(R)、-COOR、-C(O)N(OH)(R)、-OS(O)2OR、-S(O)2OR、-OP(O)(OR)(OR)、-NP(O)(OR)(OR)或-P(O)(OR)(OR);
R各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基或芳烷基;
R7和R7’各自是H;或者R7和R7’一起形成=O;
R8和R9是H;或者
R8和R9一起形成键;和
限制条件是:当R3、R4、R8、R9是H,且R7和R7’一起形成=O时;R1不可以是羟基且R2不可以是H;
限制条件是:当R3、R4、R8、R9是H,且R7和R7’一起形成=O时;R1不可以是乙酸酯且R2不可以是H;
限制条件是:当R3、R4、R8、R9是H,且R7和R7’是H时;R1和R2不可以一起形成=O;和
限制条件是:当R3、R4、R8、R9是H,且R7和R7’是H时;R1和R2不可以是H。
在一些实施方式中,该化合物是差向异构纯和/或分离的。在其他实施方式中,R4是烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、卤代烷基、-OR5、-[C(R)2]q-R5、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)O]qR5、-[(W)-OC(O)]qR5、-[(W)-SO2]qR5、-[(W)-N(R5)SO2]qR5、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5)]qR5、-[(W)-O]qR5、-[(W)-N(R)]qR5或-[(W)-S]qR5。R7和R7’各自可以是H。此外,R1和R2一起形成=O。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及选自下组的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
在某些实施方式中,上述化合物是差向异构纯和/或分离的。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及选自下组的差向异构纯的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
本发明另一方面涉及包含任何上述组合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及具有式136的环杷明的环丙基衍生物和相关类似物的制备方法:
式中:
Y是CR7R8;
R1是H、烷基、氨基、羟基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、烷氧基、羟基、糖或保护的羟基;
R2是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、腈基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基;或者R1和R2一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR9)、=N(R9)、=C(R9)2或=N(N(R9)2);
R3、R4和R5独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基;或者R3和R4或R4和R5一起形成键;
R6是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、卤代烷基、-OR9、-C(O)R9、-CO2R9、-SO2R9、-C(O)N(R9)(R9)、-[C(R9)2]qR9、-[(W)-N(R9)C(O)]qR9、-[(W)-C(O)]qR9、-[(W)-C(O)O]qR9、-[(W)-OC(O)]qR9、-[(W)-SO2]qR9、-[(W)-N(R9)SO2]qR9、-[(W)-C(O)N(R9)]qR9、-[(W)-O]qR9、-[(W)-N(R9)]qR9、-[(W)-S]qR9或氮保护基;其中W各自独立地是双基;q各自独立地是1、2、3、4、5或6;
R7和R8各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、芳基、腈、酰氨基、卤素或酯;和
R9各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基。
该方法包括将式136a化合物与卤代烷基磷酸锌(haloalkylzincphosphate)环丙烷化剂相接触以产生式136化合物的步骤:
式中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6的定义如化合物136中所述。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供制备式137化合物的方法:
式中
Y是CR7R8;
R1是H、烷基、氨基、羟基、羧基、氨甲酰基、烷氧基、羟基、糖或保护的羟基;
R2是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、腈、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基;或者R1和R2一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR9)、=N(R9)、=C(R9)2或=N(N(R9)2);
R3、R4和R5各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基;或者R3和R4或R4和R5一起形成键;
R6是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基、卤代烷基、-OR9、-C(O)R9、-CO2R9、-SO2R9、-C(O)N(R9)(R9)、-[C(R9)2]qR9、-[(W)-N(R9)C(O)]qR9、-[(W)-C(O)]qR9、-[(W)-C(O)O]qR9、-[(W)-OC(O)]qR9、-[(W)-SO2]qR9、-[(W)-N(R9)SO2]qR9、-[(W)-C(O)N(R9)]qR9、-[(W)-O]qR9、-[(W)-N(R9)]qR9、-[(W)-S]qR9或氮保护基;
其中W各自独立地是双基;
q各自独立地是1、2、3、4、5或6;
R7和R8独立地是H、烷基、烯基、芳基、腈、酰氨基、卤素或酯;和
R9各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基,芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基。
所述方法包括以下步骤:首先使式137a化合物与卤代烷基磷酸锌环丙烷化剂相接触;
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6的定义如化合物137中所述;以形成具有式137b的化合物
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和Y的定义如化合物137中所述;然后使式137b化合物与酸接触产生式137化合物。
在某些实施方式中,R7和R8可 以同时为H;在其它实施方式中,R1可以是保护的羟基;和/或R6是氮保护基。
在某些实施方式中,卤代烷基磷酸锌环丙烷化剂可通过将式141a的磷酸、二烷基锌和式141b的二卤代烷混合来形成:
式中
X和X′各自独立地是氯、溴或碘;
R7和R8各自独立地是H、烷基、卤素、酰氨基、硝基或酯;
R10和R11各自独立地是烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基;或者R10和R11一起具有式141c、141d或141e;
式中
每次出现的m独立地是0、1、2、3或4;
每次出现的n独立地是0、1或2;和
R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18独立地是烷基、芳基、芳烷基或卤素。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及制备式142化合物的方法:
所述方法包括使式142a化合物与环丙烷化剂相接触以形成式142b化合物的步骤;和
使式142b化合物与酸混合得到式142化合物的步骤;
式中
Y是CR7R8;
R1是保护的羟基;
R2是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基;
R3、R4和R5各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基;或
R3和R4或R4和R5一起形成键;
R6是氮保护基;
R7和R8各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、芳基、腈、酰氨基、卤素或酯;和
R9各自独立地是H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基或杂芳烷基。
在某些实施方式中,R7和R8可以同时为H;在其它实施方式中,保护的羟基可以是酯或碳酸酯;氮保护基可以是氨基甲酸酯或酰胺;R7和R8可以同时为H且氮保护基可以是氨基甲酸酯或酰胺;R2和R3可以是H且R4和R5可一起形成键;和/或由二卤代烷和金属物质(如二烷基锌或锌铜偶(zinc copper couple))产生环丙烷化剂。
在某些实施方式中,由二卤代烷类物质和二烷基锌类物质,以及磷酸类物质或其盐产生环丙烷化剂。磷酸类物质可具有式151的结构或其盐:
式中
R10和R11各自独立地是烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基;或者R10和R11一起具有式151a、151b或151c;
式中
每次出现的m独立地是0、1、2、3或4;
每次出现的n独立地是0、1或2;和
R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18独立地是烷基、芳基、芳烷基或卤素。
在某些实施方式中,酸是布朗斯台德酸(Bronsted acid)(如乙酸、三氟甲磺酸、磷酸、甲磺酸或HCl)。在其它实施方式中,酸是路易斯酸(如BF3、氯化锌、甲磺酸锌或锌盐)。
本发明也涉及制备式156化合物的方法:
所述方法包括以下步骤:使式156a化合物与环丙烷化剂相接触以形成式156b化合物;和
将式156b化合物与酸混合得到式156化合物;
其中R1是氧保护基,选自甲酸酯、乙酸酯、氯乙酸酯、二氯乙酸酯、三氯乙酸酯、特戊酸酯、苯甲酸酯、碳酸烷基酯、碳酸烯基酯、碳酸芳基酯、碳酸芳烷基酯、碳酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯、烷氧基甲基醚、芳烷氧基甲基醚、烷硫基甲基醚(alkylthiomethl ether)、芳烷基硫醚(aralkylthio ether)、芳硫基醚(arylthio ether)、三烷基甲硅烷基醚、烷基芳基甲硅烷基醚、苄基醚、芳基甲基醚、烯丙基醚;R2是氮保护基,选自:甲酰基、氯代乙酰基、三氯乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、苯基乙酰基、苯甲酰、氨基甲酸烷基酯、氨基甲酸芳烷基酯、氨基甲酸芳基酯、烯丙基、芳烷基、三芳基甲基、烷氧基甲基、芳烷氧基甲基、N-2-氰基乙基、二芳基膦酰胺(diarylphosphinamide)、亚氨逐膦酸二烷基酯(dialkylphosphinamidate)、亚氨逐膦酸二芳基酯(diarylphosphinamidate)和三烷基甲硅烷基。
在某些实施方式中,通过混合式158a的磷酸、二烷基锌和式158b的二卤代烷形成环丙烷化剂:
式中
X和X′各自独立地是氯、溴或碘;R7和R8各自独立地是H、烷基、卤素、酰氨基或酯;R10和R11各自独立地是烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基;或者R10和R11一起具有式158c、158d或158e;
式中
每次出现的m独立地是0、1、2、3或4;
每次出现的n独立地是0、1或2;和R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18独立地是烷基、芳基、芳烷基或卤素。
在一些实施方式中,氧保护基可以选自:碳酸烷基酯、碳酸芳烷基酯(如碳酸苄基酯)、苯甲酸酯、特戊酸酯或甲酸酯。氮保护基可以选自:苯甲酰、三氯乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、甲酰基、氨基甲酸烷基酯、氨基甲酸芳烷基酯(如氨基甲酸苄基酯)、氨基甲酸芳基酯、二芳基膦酰胺、亚氨逐膦酸二烷基酯或亚氨逐膦酸二芳基酯。
发明详述
定义
本文所用术语的定义应结合各术语在化学和药学领域公认的该领域目前状态的定义。在适当之处给出了范例。除非局限于具体实例,这些定义适用于整个说明书中所用的术语,无论是单独使用还是作为较大基团的一部分。
本文所用各种表述,如烷基、m、n等在任何结构中出现一次以上时,其定义应与相同结构中其它地方的定义相互独立。
术语″酰基氨基″指可能由以下通式代表的部分:
其中R50和R54独立表示氢、烷基、烯基或-(CH2)m-R61,
其中R61表示芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环或多环;m是0或1-8的整数。
术语“烯基”和“炔基”指不饱和脂族基团,其长度和可能的取代与上述烷基相似,但分别含有至少一个双键或三键。
术语″烷氧基″指连接有氧基团的上述烷基。代表性烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、叔丁氧基等。
术语″烷基″指饱和的脂族基团,包括直链烷基、支链烷基、环烷基(脂环族)、烷基取代的环烷基与环烷基取代的烷基。在某些实施方案中,直链或支链烷基在其主链上具有30个或更少的碳原子(例如,C1-C30的直链、C3-C30的支链),或者具有20个或更少的碳原子。类似地,某些环烷基在其环结构中具有3-10个碳原子,或者在环结构中具有5、6或7个碳。
术语“烷硫基”指连接有硫基团的上述烷基。在某些实施方案中,“烷硫基”部分表示为-S-烷基、-S-烯基、-S-炔基和-S-(CH2)m-R61之一,其中m和R61如上定义。代表性烷硫基包括甲硫基、乙硫基等。
术语“酰氨基”是本领域公认的氨基取代的羰基,包括以下通式所表示的部分:
其中R50和R51各自独立表示氢、烷基、烯基、-(CH2)m-R61;R61表示芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环或多环;m是0或1-8的整数,或者R50和R51与它们连接的N原子一起构成环结构中具有4-8个原子的杂环。本发明中,酰胺的某些实施方式不包括二酰亚胺,它可能不稳定。
术语“胺”和“氨基”是本领域公认的,指未取代和取代的胺,例如以下通式所表示的部分:
其中R50和R51(和任选的R52)各自独立地表示氢、烷基、烯基或-(CH2)m-R61,其中R61如上定义。因此,术语″烷基胺″包括连接有取代或未取代的烷基的上述胺基团,即,R50和R51中至少一个是烷基。
本文所用术语″芳烷基″指芳基(如芳基或杂芳基)取代的烷基。
本文所用术语″芳基″包括可包含0-4个杂原子的5-、6-和7元单环的芳族基团,例如、苯、蒽、萘、芘、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、三唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪和嘧啶等。在环结构中具有杂原子的那些芳基也称为“芳基杂环”或“杂芳族”。芳环可在一个或多个环位置用上述取代基取代,例如卤素、叠氮化物、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、羟基、烷氧基、氨基、硝基、巯基、亚氨基、酰氨基、膦酸酯、次膦酸酯、羰基、羧基、甲硅烷基、醚、烷硫基、磺酰基、亚磺酰氨基、酮、醛、酯、杂环基、芳族或杂芳族部分、-CF3、-CN等。术语“芳基”也包括具有两个或多个环的多环系统,其中两毗邻环共用两个或多个碳(所述环是“稠合环”),其中至少一个环是芳族,例如其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基和/或杂环基。
术语″布朗斯台德酸″指可用作氢离子(质子)供体的任何物质。
术语“羧基”的定义包括酯、硫代羧基、醛、酮等,因此包括可由以下通式代表的部分:
其中X50是键或表示氧或硫;R55和R56各自独立地表示氢、烷基、烯基、-(CH2)m-R61,其中m和R61如上定义。
术语“双基”指烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳烷基、杂芳基与杂芳烷基的一系列二价基团中的任一种。例如,是烷基双基;也是烷基双基;是芳烷基双基;是(烷基)杂芳烷基双基。典型的例子包括通式结构(CH2)x所示的亚烷基(其中X是1-6),与具有2-6个碳原子和一个或多个双键或三键的相应亚烯基(alkenylene)与亚炔基(alkynylene)连接基团(linker);具有3-8个环成员的亚环烷基;其中一个开放的化合价位于芳环、一个位于烷基部分的芳烷基,例如及其异构体。
本文所用术语″卤代烷基″指任何位置上1至所有氢原子被卤素取代的烷基。″全卤代烷基″是所有氢均被卤素取代的情况。
本文所用术语″杂原子″指除碳或氢以外的任何元素的原子。杂原子的例子包括硼、氮、氧、磷、硫和硒。
术语″杂环基″或″杂环基团″指3至10元环结构,在一些情况下是3至7元环,它们的环结构中包括1-4个杂原子。杂环也可以是多环。杂环基包括例如,噻吩,噻蒽,呋喃,吡喃,异苯并呋喃(isobenzofuran)、色烯、呫吨、氧硫杂蒽(phenoxathiin)、吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、异噻唑、异噁唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、中氮茚、异吲哚、吲哚、吲唑、嘌呤、喹嗪、异喹啉、喹啉、酞嗪、1,5-二氮杂萘、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、噌啉、蝶啶、咔唑、咔啉、菲啶、吖啶、嘧啶、菲咯啉、吩嗪、吩吡嗪、吩噻嗪、呋咱(furazan)、吩噁嗪、吡咯烷、四氢呋喃(oxolane)、四氢噻吩(thiolane)、噁唑、哌啶、哌嗪、吗啉、内酯、内酰胺(如β-丙内酰胺和吡咯烷酮(pyrrolidinone))、磺内酰胺、磺内酯等。杂环可在一个或多个位置用上述取代基取代,例如卤素、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、硝基、巯基、亚氨基、酰氨基、膦酸酯、次膦酸酯、羰基、羧基、甲硅烷基、醚、烷硫基、磺酰基、酮、醛、酯、杂环基、芳族或杂芳族部分、-CF3、-CN等。
与本发明化合物一起使用的术语″分离″指该化合物不在细胞或有机体中,且该化合物与天然情况下通常伴随其存在的一些或所有组分分离。
术语″路易斯酸″指可用作电子对受体的任何物质。
除非碳原子数目另有说明,本文所用“低级烷基”指如上定义但在其主链结构中具有1-10个碳原子,在一些实施方式中具有1-6个碳原子的烷基。类似地,“低级烯基”和“低级炔基”具有相似的链长。某些烷基是低级烷基。在一些实施方式中,本文中称为烷基的取代基是低级烷基。
本文所用术语″硝基″指-NO2;术语″卤素″指-F、-Cl、-Br或-I;术语″巯基″指-SH;术语″羟基″指-OH;术语″磺酰基″指-SO2-。
术语″氧代″指羰基氧(=O)。
术语“多环基”或“多环基团”指两个或多个环(例如,环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基和/或杂环基),其中两毗邻环共用两个或多个碳,例如所述环是“稠合环”。经非毗邻原子连接的环称为“桥”环。多环的各环可用上述取代基取代,例如卤素、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、硝基、巯基、亚氨基、酰氨基、膦酸酯、次膦酸酯、羰基、羧基、甲硅烷基、醚、烷硫基、磺酰基、酮、醛、酯、杂环基、芳族或杂芳族部分、-CF3、-CN等。
与本发明化合物一起使用的术语″差向异构纯″指该化合物基本不含结合R3的立体中心的构型被反转的该化合物的立体异构体。例如,下式代表的差向异构纯的化合物:
(其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R7、R7、R8和R9如下定义),基本不含下式代表的化合物:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R7、R7、R8和R9如下定义。差向异构纯的化合物含有小于约20%质量、小于约15%质量、小于约10%质量、小于约5%质量或小于约3%质量(相对于该化合物)的结合R3的立体中心的构型被反转的立体异构化合物。
本文所用术语″保护基″指表示保护可能的反应性官能团不发生不希望的化学转化的临时取代基。这种保护基的实例分别包括羧酸的酯、醇类的甲硅烷醚,以及醛和酮的缩醛和缩酮。有人总结了保护基化学的领域(Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M,《有机合成的保护基团》(Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis),第二版;Wiley:纽约,1991)。在一些情况下,被保护的官能团和保护基被一起认作一个部分。例如,下面所示的片段有时称为碳酸苄基酯;即,被保护的(下划线的)O构成碳酸酯的一部分。
相似地,下面所示的片段称为氨基甲酸苄基酯,其中被保护的N构成氨基甲酸酯的一部分。
本文所用的术语“糖”指天然或非天然的单糖、二糖或含有一个或多个吡喃糖或呋喃糖环的寡糖。所述糖可通过醚键或烷基键与本发明的甾族生物碱共价结合。在某些实施方案中,糖部分可以在糖环的端基异构中心(anomeric center)共价连接于本发明的甾族生物碱。糖可能包括但不限于核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、来苏糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、半乳糖、塔罗糖、葡萄糖和海藻糖。
本文所用术语″亚磺酰氨基(sulfonamido)″或″磺酰胺(sulfonamide)″包括具有下式的部分:
其中R50和R56如上定义。
术语三氟甲磺酰基(triflyl)、甲苯磺酰基(tosyl)、甲磺酰基(mesyl)和九氟丁磺酰基(nonaflyl)分别指三氟甲磺酰基、对-甲苯磺酰基、甲磺酰基和九氟丁磺酰基。术语三氟甲磺酸酯(triflate)、甲苯磺酸酯(tosylate)、甲磺酸酯(mesylate)与九氟丁基磺酸酯(nonaflate)分别指三氟甲磺酸酯、对-甲苯磺酸酯、甲磺酸酯与九氟丁基磺酸酯官能团与含有所述基团的分子。
术语″硫代″指羰基硫(=S)。
应该知道“取代”或“用...取代”包括的隐含条件是这种取代符合被取代原子和取代基所允许的化合价,并且取代得到稳定的化合物,例如不会通过重排、环化、消除或其它反应而发生自动转化。
本发明化合物可以具体的几何或立体异构形式存在。本发明考虑了所有这种化合物,包括顺式和反式异构体、R-和S-对映体、非对映体、(D)-异构体、(L)-异构体、它们的外消旋混合物以及其它混合物,所有这些都落在本发明的范围内。取代基,例如烷基中可存在其它不对称碳原子。所有这种异构体及其混合物属于本发明。
如上所述,本发明化合物的某些实施方式可含有碱性官能团,如氨基或烷基氨基,因此,能够与药学上可接受的酸形成药学上可接受的盐。在这个方面,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物的相对无毒的、无机和有机酸加成盐。这些盐可以在给药载体或剂型制造过程中原位制备,或者通过使游离碱形式的本发明纯化化合物单独与合适的有机或无机酸反应,然后在随后的纯化中分离如此得到的盐来制备。代表性盐包括氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、戊酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、月桂酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、萘酸盐(napthylate)、甲磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐与月桂基磺酸盐等。(参见,例如Berge等,(1977),“药物盐”(Pharmaceutical Salts),J.Pharm.Sci.,66:1-19)。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括所述化合物的常规无毒盐或季铵盐,例如从无毒的有机或无机酸(制备)。例如,这种常规无毒盐包括衍生自无机酸,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等的那些盐;由有机酸,例如乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸(glycolic)、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、棕榈酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸(salicyclic)、对氨基苯磺酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、延胡索酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙二磺酸、草酸、异硫羰酸(isothionic)等制备的盐。
在其它情况中,本发明化合物可含有一个或多个酸性官能团,因此能与药学上可接受的碱形成药学上可接受的盐。在这种情况下,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物的相对无毒的、无机和有机碱加成盐。类似地,这些盐可以在给药载体或剂型制造过程中原位制备,或者通过使游离酸形式的纯化化合物单独与合适的碱,例如药学上可接受的金属阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,与氨,或与药学上可接受的有机伯胺、仲胺或叔胺反应来制备。代表性的碱或碱土盐包括锂、钠、钾、钙、镁与铝盐等。用于形成碱加成盐的代表性有机胺包括乙胺、二乙胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪等。(参见例如,Berge等,同上)
甾族生物碱化合物的合成
上述扩环的甾族生物碱衍生物可由天然产生的甾族生物碱或其合成类似物直接制备。在某些情况下,甾族生物碱原料可以是环杷明或蒜藜芦碱。这些甾族生物碱可购得或由臭菘(Veratrum Californicum)提取。简要说,本发明方法包括以下步骤:环丙烷化合适的甾族生物碱衍生物原料,然后对环丙基衍生物进行扩环重排。在一些情况下,可能需要在环丙烷化之前适当地保护或转化分子上的反应官能团。例如,可以在环丙烷化之前保护R1上的醇和稠合呋喃并-哌啶环上的仲氮。在某些实施方式中,优选这样的保护基,其可有效加入生物碱并从生物碱上有效去除,在合成过程中产生具有改进的处理特性的中间体,以便有效纯化合成的中间体。
氧保护基的例子包括但不限于甲酸酯、乙酸酯、氯乙酸酯、二氯乙酸酯、三氯乙酸酯、特戊酸酯、苯甲酸酯、碳酸烷基酯、碳酸烯基酯、碳酸芳基酯、碳酸芳烷基酯(如碳酸苄基酯)、碳酸2,2,2-三氯乙基酯、烷氧基甲基醚、芳烷氧基甲基醚、烷硫基甲基醚、芳烷基硫醚、芳硫基醚、三烷基甲硅烷基醚、烷基芳基甲硅烷基醚、苄基醚、芳基甲基醚和烯丙基醚。
氮保护基的例子包括但不限于:甲酰基、氯乙酰基、三氯乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、苯基乙酰基、苯甲酰、苯甲酰胺、氨基甲酸烷基酯、氨基甲酸芳烷基酯(如氨基甲酸苄基酯)、氨基甲酸芳基酯、烯丙基、芳烷基、烷氧基甲基、芳烷氧基甲基、N-2-氰基乙基、二芳基膦酰胺、亚氨逐膦酸二烷基酯、亚氨逐膦酸二芳基酯和三烷基甲硅烷基。
可用于本发明方法的其他保护基参见Green T.W.;Wuts P.G.有机合成中的保护(Protective in Organic Synthesis)第3版,约翰韦利森公司(JohnWiley & Sons,Inc.)1999。
可利用多种环丙烷化剂环丙烷化所述甾族生物碱。通常使用1,1-卤代烷基金属络合物和称为卡宾体的反应性物质环丙烷化烯烃。一般利用二碘烷或重氮烷和金属或有机金属物质如Et2Zn、iBu3Al、钐、铜、铑或钯制备这些试剂。在某些实施方式中,利用Et2Zn和二碘代甲烷产生1,1-卤代烷基金属物质。
可通过加入某些试剂如酸,改变1,1-卤代烷基锌络合物的反应性和易处理性。据信,将酸加入1,1-卤代烷基锌物质将产生烷基锌混合盐。在下述实施例中,二芳基磷酸与二碘代甲烷和二乙基锌混合产生推定的卤代烷基磷酸锌环丙烷化剂。可使用各种磷酸产生推定的卤代烷基磷酸锌。
可利用其它已知的环丙烷化方法,例如利用硫内鎓盐来与和羰基共轭的烯烃反应从而添加CH2或CH-烷基或CH-芳基的那些方法,以及重氮烷基和α-重氮-羰基化合物(例如,重氮甲烷和重氮乙酸乙酯)的金属催化分解:这些方法不难获得具有烷基、芳基、烷氧基羰基(-COOR)或酰基取代基的环丙烷。其它环丙烷化剂参见Masalov等,Organic Letters(2004)第6卷,第2365-8页,以及Hansen等,Chem.Comm.(2006)4838-40。
环丙基环可以是取代或未取代的。在环丙基环被取代的情况下,重排和扩环后连接于环丙烷的亚甲基的基团可安置在D环上。
可在非质子溶剂中进行环丙烷化反应。合适的溶剂包括醚,例如二乙醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、二甘醇二甲醚、叔丁基甲基醚、四氢呋喃等;卤化溶剂,例如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷等;脂族或芳族烃溶剂,例如苯、二甲苯、甲苯、己烷、戊烷等;酯与酮,例如乙酸乙酯、丙酮和2-丁酮;极性非质子溶剂,例如乙腈、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺等;或者两种或多种溶剂的组合。在某些实施方式中,二氯甲烷是在使用二烷基锌和二碘甲烷时用于环丙烷化的溶剂。
在下述实施例中,通过下述方法制备含有环丙烷化剂的溶液:首先将磷酸溶液加入二乙基锌的溶液中,然后向反应溶液中加入二碘代甲烷。然后向该溶液中加入环丙烷化底物。或者,可以在环丙烷化底物的存在下,通过改变加入试剂的顺序制备环丙烷化剂。在某些实施方式中,环丙烷化反应通过以下步骤进行:首先将磷酸加入二烷基锌的溶液中,然后加入环丙烷化底物,最后加入二卤代烷。使用这种方法的情况下,在受控条件下产生环丙烷化剂,并立即与环丙烷化底物反应。本文所述的环丙烷化方法也可用于环丙烷化其他多环化合物,例如,具有类固醇主链的化合物。
合成环丙烷化的甾族生物碱核心后,可用本领域已知的各种官能化反应衍生该化合物。代表性例子包括钯与烯基卤或芳基卤的偶联反应、氧化、还原、与亲核试剂的反应、与亲电子试剂的反应、周环反应、自由基反应、设置保护基、去除保护基等。
在有路易斯或布朗斯台德酸存在下,环丙基类似物进行重排与扩环从而得到D环增加一个碳的甾族生物碱类似物。
环丙烷化和扩环可以在两步骤单反应器过程中或两步骤两反应器过程中发生。在相同反应容器中进行环丙烷化和扩环反应时,环丙烷化反应完成后加入用于启动扩环重排的酸。在某些条件下,在环丙烷化甾族生物碱的过程中产生的锌盐本身可用作路易斯酸,以催化扩环重排。可通过加入酸产生更多活性路易斯酸,以调节环丙烷化后产生的锌盐的反应性。
如下文实施例章节所述,环丙烷化反应完成后,向环丙烷化反应容器中加入甲磺酸。合适酸的其他例子包括但不限于:锌盐、硼化合物、镁盐、钛盐、铟盐、铝盐、锡盐、镧盐、三氟甲磺酸、二芳氧基磷酸、乙酸和HCl。在本发明的某些实施方式中,所用路易斯酸是锌盐或BF3。
可利用本领域已知的各种官能化反应官能化这些扩环类似物。代表性例子包括钯与烯基卤或芳基卤的偶联反应、氧化、还原、与亲核试剂的反应、与亲电子试剂的反应、周环反应、自由基反应、设置保护基、去除保护基等。
化合物的应用
Hedgehog信号传导在许多发育阶段,尤其是左右对称性形成中至关重要。hedgehog信号转导丧失或降低导致多种发育缺陷和畸形,最明显的一种情况是独眼。
已证明许多肿瘤和增殖性病症依赖于hedgehog途径。这些细胞的生长和存活可能受本发明化合物处理的影响。近年来,有报道称散发基底细胞癌(Xie等,(1998),Nature,391:90-2)和中枢神经系统中的原发性神经外胚层瘤(Reifenberger等,(1998),Cancer Res,58:1798-803)中出现活化性hedgehog途径突变。许多类型的癌症也显示hedgehog途径的不受控激活,例如胃肠道癌症,包括胰腺癌、食道癌、胃癌(Berman等,(2003),Nature,425:846-51;Thayer等,(2003),Nature,425:851-56);肺癌(Watkins等,(2003),Nature,422:313-317);前列腺癌(Karhadkar等,(2004),Nature,431:707-12;Sheng等,(2004),Molecular Cancer,3:29-42;Fan等,(2004),Endocrinology,145:3961-70);乳腺癌(Kubo等,(2004),Cancer Research,64:6071-74;Lewis等,(2004),Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,2:165-181)与肝细胞癌(Sicklick等,(2005),“ASCO大会”(ASCO conference);Mohini等,(2005),“AACR大会”(AACR conference))。
例如,已证明hedgehog途径的小分子抑制能抑制基底细胞癌(Williams,等,2003 PNAS 100:4616-21)、髓母细胞瘤(Berman等,2002 Science 297:1559-61)、胰腺癌(Berman等,2003 Nature 425:846-51)、胃肠道癌症(Berman等,2003 Nature 425:846-51,公开的PCT申请WO 05/013800)、食道癌(Berman等,2003 Nature 425:846-51)、肺癌(Watkins等,2003.Nature 422:313-7)和前列腺癌(Karhadkar等,2004.Nature 43J:707-12)的生长。
此外,已证明许多癌症类型中hedgehog途径不受控地激活,例如,乳腺癌(Kubo等,2004.Cancer Research 64:6071-4)、肝细胞癌(Patil等,2005.第96届AACR年会,摘要#2942 Sicklick等,2005.ASCO年会,摘要#9610)、血液恶性肿瘤(Watkins和Matsui,未发表的结果)、基底细胞癌(Bale和Yu,2001.Human Molec.Genet.10:757-762 Xie等,1998 Nature 391:90-92)、髓母细胞瘤(Pietsch等,1997.Cancer Res.57:2085-88)和胃癌(Ma等,2005Carcinogenesis,2005年5月19日(电子公开))。如实施例所示,本文所述化合物能调节hedgehog途径,所选化合物能抑制肿瘤生长。因此,相信这些化合物可用于治疗各种病症,例如各种癌症。
药物组合物
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供药学上可接受的组合物,其包含与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体(添加剂)和/或稀释剂配制在一起的治疗有效量的一种或多种上述化合物。本发明药物组合物可特别配制成以固体或液体形式给药的形式,包括适合以下给药途径的形式:(1)口服给药,例如灌服剂(drench)(水性或非水性溶液或混悬液)、片剂(如靶向口颊、舌下与全身吸收)、胶囊、大丸剂(bolus)、粉末剂、粒剂、敷用于舌的糊剂;(2)胃肠外给药,例如以诸如无菌溶液或混悬液或缓释制剂通过皮下、肌肉内、静脉内或硬膜外注射给药;(3)局部应用,例如以乳膏、软膏或控释贴剂或喷雾剂应用于皮肤;(4)阴道内或直肠内给药,例如作为阴道栓、乳膏剂或泡沫剂;(5)舌下给药;(6)眼部给药;(7)透皮给药;(8)肺部给药或(9)鼻部给药。
可用于本发明药物组合物的水性和非水性载体的例子包括水、乙醇、多元醇(如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)和它们的合适混合物,植物油如橄榄油,以及可注射有机酯,如油酸乙酯。可通过使用涂料如卵磷脂、如果是分散体则保持所需粒度、以及使用表面活性剂,来维持合适的流动性。
这些组合物也可含有佐剂,如防腐剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、分散剂、润滑剂和/或抗氧化剂。也可通过包含各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂,如对羟基苯甲酸酯类、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等来保证本发明化合物免受微生物的作用。组合物中也可能需要包含等渗剂,如糖、氯化钠等。此外,可通过加入能延缓吸收的物质,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶以实现可注射的药物形式的长期吸收。
制备这些制剂或组合物的方法包括使本发明化合物与载体和任选的一种或多种辅助成分混合的步骤。一般通过使本发明化合物与液体载体,或精细磨碎的固体载体或二者均匀且紧密地结合,然后(如果需要)使产品成形,来制备制剂。
当将本发明化合物作为药物给予人和动物时,可以其本身,或者作为含有(例如)0.1-99%,或约10-50%、或约10-40%、或约10-30、或约10-20%、或约10-15%活性成分以及药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物给予。
可改变本发明药物组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平,从而获得在具体患者、组成与给药方式条件下有效实现所需治疗应答且对患者无毒性的活性成分含量。
选择的剂量水平取决于各种因素,包括所用的本发明具体化合物或其酯、盐或酰胺的活性,给药途径,给药时间,所用具体化合物的排出或代谢速率,吸收的速率和程度,治疗的持续时间,与所用具体化合物联用的其它药物、化合物和/或物质,所治疗患者的年龄、性别、体重、状况、总体健康情况与以前的病史等医学领域熟知的因素。
通常,本发明化合物合适的每日剂量是能有效产生疗效的最低剂量的化合物用量。这种有效剂量通常取决于上述因素。对于患者,当用于所示作用时,本发明化合物的口服、静脉内和皮下剂量一般为每公斤体重每天约0.0001-100mg、或约0.001-100mg、或约0.01-100mg、或约0.1-100mg、或约1-50mg。
接受该治疗的对象一般是需要治疗的任何动物,包括灵长类,特别是人,以及其它哺乳动物,例如马、牛、猪和绵羊;以及家禽和宠物。
实施例
现已总体描述了本发明,参考以下实施例更易于理解本发明,这些实施例只是为说明本发明的某些方面与实施方案,而非限制本发明。
实施例1
步骤A
将重结晶的环杷明2(14.1g,34.0mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DCM(70mL)和无水MeOH(29mL)中。冷却该澄清溶液,加入三乙胺(10.4g,102.7mmol,3当量),然后加入氯甲酸苄酯(6.20g,36.3mmol,1.1当量)。完成加入后,在冰浴中搅拌该溶液30分钟。用3小时加入三份氯甲酸苄酯(3X0.35g,3.46mmol,0.03当量)。用水(71mL)缓慢终止该反应,同时保持温度低于20℃。搅拌该混合物15分钟,然后沉降和分层。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤。用无水吡啶(30mL)缓冲合并的滤出液,浓缩,用额外的无水吡啶(43mL)交换溶剂,浓缩。
进一步再用无水吡啶(85mL)稀释该化合物的吡啶溶液(43mL)。向反应混合物中缓慢加入三甲基乙酰氯(8.3g,68.7mmol,2当量),将该反应加热至45℃。在45℃搅拌该反应30分钟。冷却该反应,加入无水MeOH(4.5mL)终止该反应。终止的反应混合物在室温下搅拌40分钟,然后用甲苯(97mL)稀释,并依次用水(35mL)和10wt%碳酸钠水溶液(100mL)处理。剧烈搅拌后,分层,用水(2x100mL)洗涤有机层两次,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤。用甲苯(49mL)冲洗滤饼,弃去滤饼。浓缩合并的滤出液,通过浓缩用甲苯(145mL)交换溶剂,进一步浓缩至干。由甲苯和庚烷重结晶该产物。通过抽滤分离该结晶产物,用冷庚烷洗涤,干燥至恒重,得到15.1g所需产物。
步骤B:
通过由无水DCM(42mL)浓缩干燥双(2,6-二甲基苯基)磷酸酯(10.65g,34.8mmol,3.1当量),并保持在氮气气氛下。然后,将该磷酸酯再次溶解于无水DCM(110mL)中。在另一烧瓶中,制备纯二乙基锌(4.17g,33.8mmol,3.0当量)的无水DCM(35mL)溶液,冷却至-25℃。用1小时将该磷酸酯溶液缓慢转移到含有二乙基锌溶液的容器中,保持温度等于或低于-10℃。使澄清的乙基磷酸锌溶液升温至0℃并搅拌15分钟。将二碘代甲烷(9.25g,34.5毫摩尔,3.0当量)缓慢加入该乙基磷酸锌溶液中,将该反应的温度保持在0-5℃之间。加入完成后,再搅拌该锌卡宾体溶液20分钟。
在另一烧瓶中,将化合物3(7.20g,11.4mmol,1当量)溶解于无水DCM(36mL)中并转移至反应烧瓶中。完成加入后,撤去冰浴,使反应混合物升温至室温。6小时后,将该烧瓶的内容物冷却至-53℃。加入甲磺酸(3.38g,35.2mmol,3.1当量)的无水DCM(3mL)溶液,将该反应的温度保持在-45℃以下。10分钟后,将吗啉(20g,230mmol,20当量)加入该反应混合物中,将该反应的温度保持在-40℃以下。使该反应过夜升温至室温。过滤去除吗啉盐,用DCM(22mL)冲洗滤饼。用2N盐酸(2x140mL)、5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(140mL)、5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(70mL)和5%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液(70mL)和盐水(144mL)洗涤合并的滤出液。用硫酸镁干燥有机层,过滤。未干的情况下,将DCM溶液浓缩,用甲醇(280mL)交换溶剂。用冰浴冷却悬浮液,搅拌40分钟。过滤分离固体,用冰冷的甲醇洗涤两次(2x25mL),干燥至恒重,得到5.94g所需产物。
步骤C:
在圆底烧瓶中,将化合物4(11.67g,18.1mmol,1当量)和20%湿碳载氢氧化钯(2.40g,1.71mmol,0.09当量)放置在氮气气氛下,用EtOAc(115mL)和甲苯(60mL)稀释。用氮气(3X)以抽空/吹扫循环对该溶液脱气,用氢气重复该过程。在室温下剧烈搅拌该悬浮液1.5小时。用氮气替换氢气气氛。向该反应中加入乙二胺(0.57g,9.5mmol,0.52当量),得到的混合物搅拌20分钟。在氮气下过滤该溶液,用2%(wt/wt)乙二胺水溶液(125mL)、然后是水(130mL)洗涤滤出液,接着用硫酸钠干燥。过滤去除干燥剂,在真空下将滤出液浓缩至于。用甲苯(2x55mL)在旋转蒸发器上追赶(chase)剩余的固体,得到的物质无须进一步纯化即可用于下一个步骤。
将来自前一个步骤的物质溶解于无水DCM(26mL)中。将得到的澄清溶液加入1M DIBAL的DCM溶液(65mL,65mmol,3.6当量)中,同时将该反应的温度保持在-10和-25℃之间。30分钟后,用丙酮(13mL)终止该反应,将该反应的温度保持在0℃或0℃以下。搅拌终止的反应混合物17分钟后,将其逐份加入含有冰冷的经搅拌的20%(wt/wt)罗谢尔盐水溶液(200mL)的烧瓶中。在室温下搅拌得到的凝胶状悬浮液15小时。搅拌后,分离清澈的层,再用DCM(30mL)反萃取水层。用水(60mL)洗涤合并的有机层,用硫酸钠干燥。过滤去除并弃去干燥剂。真空下浓缩滤出液,将溶剂交换为甲苯(225mL逐份加入)。将得到的溶液进一步浓缩成悬浮液(50mL),并用庚烷(115mL)稀释。加热得到的混合物,直到其变得均一(92℃)。通过12小时将该溶液缓慢冷却至15℃,然后再保温16小时。通过抽滤分离该结晶产物,用庚烷(2x75mL)洗涤,干燥至恒重,得到7.70g所需产物。
向圆底烧瓶中依次加入高烯丙醇(7.50g,17.6mmol,1当量)、三-叔丁醇铝(6.10g,24.8mmol,1.4当量)、无水甲苯(115mL)和2-丁酮(90g,1.24mol,7当量)。在氮气气氛下将该悬浮液加热到75℃ 16小时。然后,使反应温度冷却至49℃。将20%(w/w)酒石酸钾钠水溶液(226g)加入搅拌的悬液中。在室温下搅拌该悬浮液3.5小时。分层。用20%罗谢尔盐水溶液(2x250mL)和水(225mL)洗涤有机层,然后用硫酸钠干燥,并过滤。用甲苯(30mL)冲洗残留物,弃去残留物。将合并的有机相浓缩至干。由2-丙醇(250mL逐份加入)浓缩至最终溶液质量为44g,以便去除物质中残留的反应溶剂。溶剂由2-丙醇交换为庚烷(275mL逐份加入),至最终溶液质量是41g,能完全沉淀所需产物。用额外的庚烷(40mL)稀释该悬浮液,室温搅拌1小时,过滤。用正庚烷(17mL)洗涤该产物,干燥得到5.4g所需产物。
步骤D:
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料(110mg,0.26mmol,1当量)和10%碳载钯(106mg)。将该固体悬浮于吡啶(4mL)。将该悬浮液置于氢气气氛(1个大气压)下,室温搅拌该混合物过夜。通过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,真空浓缩滤出液。用硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(MeOH/DCM 5∶95),得到93mg所需化合物。([M+H]=426.6m/z)。
实施例2
步骤A
将环杷明2(5.02g,12.2mmol,1.0当量)溶解于无水吡啶(25mL)中。加入DMAP(300mg,2.44mmol,0.2当量)和三乙胺(5.5mL,39.1mmol,3.2当量),然后加入BtO-Cbz(10.5g,39.1mmol,3.2当量),在40℃加热2小时。将该混合物冷却至室温,用30mL水处理,加热得到均一溶液,冷却至室温。过滤收集形成的白色沉淀,用水洗涤滤饼(3X50mL),空气中干燥,得到9.53g粗产物,由甲苯/庚烷(1∶9,70mL)结晶该粗产物得到6.75g所需产物。
步骤B:
在-20℃,向5.0mL DCM配制的二乙基锌的溶液(572mg,482μL,4.63mmol,3.00当量)中加入双(2,6-二甲基苯基)膦酸(1.42g,4.63mmol,3.00当量)的DCM(15mL)溶液,将该反应的温度保持在-8℃以下。在0℃使该溶液老化15分钟,加入纯二碘甲烷(1.24g,374μL,3.00当量),0℃老化15分钟,然后加入双CBz环杷明(BisCBzcyclopamine)(1.05g,1.54mmol,1.0当量)的DCM(10mL)溶液。用室温的水浴替代冷却浴,保持室温4.5小时。用干冰-丙酮浴将混合物冷却至-76℃,逐滴加入甲磺酸的DCM溶液(0.6mL 50%v/v溶液,4.63mmol,3.0当量),将该反应的温度保持在-74℃以下。使该混合物老化15-20分钟,逐滴加入吗啉(2.69g,2.70mL,20当量)终止该反应,将该反应的温度保持在-65℃以下。撤去冷却浴,搅拌该反应混合物16-18小时,滤除白色沉淀,用2.0M HCl(2x20mL)、碳酸氢钠饱和溶液(2x20mL)、水(2x20mL)和盐水(20mL)依次洗涤滤出液。用硫酸镁干燥后,真空浓缩至干,通过硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(己烷/EtOAc17∶3→4∶1),得到924mg(1.33mmol,86%)所需产物。
步骤C:
向EtOAc∶甲苯(2∶1,60mL)溶液配制的化合物7(4.05g,5.83mmol,1当量)的溶液中加入20%碳载氢氧化钯(823mg,0.583mmol,0.1当量)。使该烧瓶排空气体并充满氢气三次。在氢气气氛下搅拌该混合物1小时。加入纯乙二胺(0.38mL),搅拌1小时,滤除催化剂。用EtOAc∶甲苯(2∶1,12mL)洗涤滤饼两次。用2%乙二胺水溶液(3X20mL)洗涤合并的滤出液,用硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩得到2.46g白色结晶固体。
步骤D:
向圆底烧瓶中依次加入高烯丙醇8(7.50g,17.6mmol,1当量)、三-叔丁醇铝(6.10g,24.8mmol,1.4当量)、无水甲苯(115mL)和2-丁酮(90g,1.24mol,7当量)。在氮气气氛下将该悬浮液加热到75℃ 16小时。然后,使反应温度冷却至49℃。将20%(w/w)酒石酸钾钠水溶液(226g)加入搅拌的悬液中。在室温下搅拌该悬浮液3.5小时。分层。用20%罗谢尔盐水溶液(2x250mL)和水(225mL)洗涤有机层,然后用硫酸钠干燥,并过滤。用甲苯(30mL)冲洗残留物,弃去残留物。将合并的有机相浓缩至干。由2-丙醇(250mL逐份加入)浓缩至最终溶液质量为44g,以便去除物质中残留的反应溶剂。溶剂由2-丙醇交换为正庚烷(275mL逐份加入),至最终溶液质量是41g,能完全沉淀所需产物。用额外的正庚烷(40mL)稀释该悬浮液,室温搅拌1小时,过滤。用正庚烷(17mL)洗涤该产物,干燥得到5.4g所需产物。
步骤E:
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料(110mg,0.26mmol,1当量)和10%碳载钯(106mg)。将该固体悬浮于吡啶(4mL)。将该悬浮液置于氢气气氛(1个大气压)下,室温搅拌该混合物过夜。通过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,真空浓缩滤出液。用硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(MeOH/DCM 5∶95),得到93mg所需化合物。([M+H]=426.6m/z)。
实施例3
在密封的试管中,加入酮6(85mg,0.199mmol,1当量)和三乙二醇(2mL),然后是一水合肼(500mg,10mmol,50当量)和碳酸钾(138mg,1mmol,5当量)。密封该试管,在150℃加热该反应16小时。使该反应冷却至室温,加入水。用氯仿萃取残留物(3X)。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱纯化无色油状物(DCM/MeOH 96∶4)。汇集纯化组分,浓缩至干。将得到的油状物溶解于MTBE中,用水(2X)、2N NaOH和盐水洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机层,过滤,蒸发,得到64mg白色泡沫状所需物质。([M+H]=412.7m/z)。
实施例4
向密封的试管中加入化合物5(223mg,0.52mmol,1当量)和DMF(1mL)。加入2-溴丙烷(1.3g,10.5mmol,20当量)和Na2CO3(73mg,0.68mmol,1.3当量),密封该烧瓶,加热至50℃。搅拌该混合物16小时,此时观察到约70%转化。加入额外的(0.26g,2.12mmol,4当量)。搅拌该反应2小时,加入额外的2-溴丙烷(0.13g,1.1mmol,2当量)。再搅拌该反应1小时。使该反应冷却至室温,加入水。用MTBE萃取残留物(3X)。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(DCM/MeOH 99∶1)纯化白色泡沫,得到206mg白色泡沫状N-异丙基衍生物。
将该N-异丙基衍生物(205mg,0.44mmol,1当量)溶解于4-甲氧基吡啶(1.5mL)中。将该烧瓶置于惰性气氛下,加入Pd/C 10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛(Aldrich Degussa)E101型,40mg)。密封该烧瓶,用氢气吹扫三次,放置在1个大气压的氢气下16小时。将硅藻土加入反应混合物中。通过小硅藻土垫过滤该混合物,用EtOAc洗涤。用1N HCl水溶液洗涤有机层(2x),然后用水洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机层,通过棉花过滤,蒸发得到34mg粗产物。用2N KOH中和水层,并用DCM萃取(3X)。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,通过棉花过滤,与最初34mg粗产物混合。用硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(己烷/EtOAc(6∶4)),得到80mg所需产物。([M+H]=468.7m/z)。
实施例5
在圆底烧瓶中,将化合物6(88mg,0.21mmol,1当量)溶解于无水THF(1mL)中。使该混合物冷却至0℃。依次加入吡啶(84μL,1mmol,5当量)和过氧苯甲酰(150mg,0.62mmol,3当量)。用2小时使该均一混合物逐步升温至室温,室温搅拌过夜。通过加入饱和的NaHCO3终止该反应。用MTBE萃取残留物。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。用硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(己烷/EtOAc(9∶1至4∶1)),得到白色泡沫状的N-O衍生产物(60mg,0.11mmol)。将该泡沫溶解于2mL MeOH中,然后是2N KOH水溶液(0.4mL)中。搅拌该混合物1小时。在氮气流下蒸发大部分MeOH,并加入1N HCl(500μL)。用DCM萃取该物质(3X)。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。用硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(己烷/EtOAc(88∶12→1∶1)),得到11mg所需产物。([M+H]=442.5m/z)。
实施例6
步骤A
在圆底烧瓶中,将化合物6(89mg,0.209mmol,1当量)和N-(苄氧基羰基)-氨基乙醛(148mg,0.85mmol,4当量)溶解于DCM(2mL)中。加入三乙酸基硼氢化钠(177mg,0.85mmol,4当量),室温下搅拌该反应3小时。将该混合物倾入NaHCO3饱和水溶液中,用DCM萃取残留物(3x)。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,通过棉花过滤,蒸发得到泡沫状固体(247mg)。将该粗产物溶解于EtOAc(2mL)中,并用4M HCl(156μL)处理。30分钟后,缓慢形成白色沉淀。搅拌得到的浆液15分钟。过滤得到120mg白色固体。将该物质溶解于EtOAc中,并用NaHCO3饱和水溶液处理。收集有机层,用EtOAc萃取水层(2X)。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。过滤和蒸发得到所需的中间体。该物质无须纯化即可用于下一步骤。
步骤B:
将来自步骤A的所有物质溶解于EtOAc(3mL)中,并用Pd/C 10%(30mg,湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型)处理。密封该烧瓶,用氢气吹扫三次,放置在1个大气压的氢气下过夜。16小时后,通过小硅藻土垫过滤该混合物,用EtOAc洗涤得到52mg白色泡沫状的胺。
步骤C:
向含有胺14(52mg,0.11mmol,1当量)的圆底烧瓶中加入1H-四唑-5-乙酸(21mg,0.166mmol,1.5当量)、DCM(2mL)、EDCI(42mg,0.22mmol,2当量)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(57mg,0.44mmol,4当量)。在室温下搅拌得到的黄色溶液4小时。通过加入NaHCO3饱和水溶液终止该反应,用DCM萃取残留物(3X)。用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机层,通过棉花过滤,蒸发得到62mg灰白色固体。用硅胶快速色谱(MeOH/DCM 5∶95→10∶90)纯化该物质,得到31mg所需产物。([M+H]=579.7m/z)。
实施例7
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料(47mg,0.110mmol,1当量)和碳酸钾(150mg,1.09mmol,10当量)。将固体悬浮于2mL DCM。加入碘代甲烷(14μL,0.22mmol,2当量),在室温下搅拌该混合物2小时。TLC(DCM/MeOH 95∶5)表明>90%完成。将碘代甲烷(14μL,0.22mmol,2当量)加入该反应混合物中,在室温下搅拌2小时。向该反应混合物中加入水。相分离,将有机层干燥和浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(DCM/MeOH 100∶0→98∶2)纯化残留物,得到34mg所需产物([M+H]=440.5m/z)。
实施例8
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料(59mg,0.126mmol,1当量)和碳酸钾(350mg,2.5mmol,20当量)。将固体悬浮于3mL DCM。向该反应中加入碘代甲烷(80μL,1.29mmol,10当量),室温下搅拌该混合物过夜。向该反应混合物中加入水。分离有机相,再用DCM反萃取水层。将合并的有机层干燥和浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(DCM/MeOH 95∶5→90∶10)纯化残留物,得到52mg所需产物。([M+H]=639.5m/z)。
实施例9
步骤A
在圆底烧瓶中,将化合物5(50mg,0.12mmol,1当量)和N-(叔丁氧基羰基)-氨基乙醛(6mg,0.38mmol,3.1当量)溶解于DCM(2mL)中。加入三乙酸基硼氢化钠(8mg,0.38mmol,3.1当量),室温下搅拌该反应2小时。将该混合物倾入NaHCO3饱和水溶液中,用DCM萃取残留物(3x)。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,通过棉花过滤,蒸发得到泡沫状固体(95mg)。用硅胶快速色谱纯化粗产物(EtOAc/己烷1∶1),得到55mg化合物18。
步骤B:
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料18(800mg,1.4mmol,1当量)。将固体溶解于DCM和TFA的溶液(10mL,1∶1)中。室温下搅拌该溶液45分钟。使该反应在10%碳酸钠溶液和DCM之间分配。分离有机层,用10%碳酸钠洗涤。将有机相浓缩至干。残留物无须进一步纯化即可用于下一个步骤。
步骤C
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料(300mg,0.64mmo1,1当量),将其溶解于THF/ACN(1∶1,4mL)中。向该反应中加入37%甲醛的水溶液(240μL,3.22mmol,5当量)和氰基硼氢化钠(64mg,1mmol,1.6当量)。室温下搅拌该混合物30分钟。然后,使该反应在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液和DCM之间分配。分离有机相,干燥和浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(MeOH/DCM 5∶95→10∶90)纯化粗产物,得到所需物质。
步骤D:
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料20(30mg,0.06mmol,1当量)和10%碳载钯(30mg)。将该固体悬浮于吡啶(2mL)。将该悬浮液置于氢气气氛下,室温搅拌该混合物过夜。通过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,滤出液浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(MeOH/DCM 5∶95→10∶90)纯化粗产物,得到所需物质。([M+H]=497.7m/z)。
实施例10
向圆底烧瓶中加入原料(85mg,0.20mmol,1当量),将其溶解于DCM(4mL)中。向该反应中加入N-(2-氧代乙基)乙酰胺(80mg,0.70mmol,3.5当量)和三乙酸基硼氢化钠(170mg,0.80,4当量)。室温下搅拌该混合物1小时。使该反应在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液和DCM之间分配。分离有机相,干燥和浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(MeOH/DCM 5∶95)纯化粗产物,得到所需物质。([M+H]=511.7m/z)。
实施例11
按照实施例9所述方法,用N-甲基-N-(2-氧代乙基)乙酰胺代替N-(2-氧代乙基)乙酰胺合成化合物22。([M+H]=525.7m/z)。
实施例12
按照实施例10所述方法,用N-(2-氧代乙基)-3-苯基丙酰胺代替N-(2-氧代乙基)乙酰胺合成化合物23。([M+H]=601.8m/z)。
实施例13
按照实施例10所述方法,用N-甲基-N-(2-氧代乙基)-3-苯基丙酰胺代替N-(2-氧代乙基)乙酰胺合成化合物23。([M+H]=615.9m/z)。
实施例14
步骤A:
向圆底烧瓶中加入化合物6(4.23g,9.94mmol,1当量)和THF(60mL)。加入三乙胺(6.92mL,49.7mmol,5.0当量)和氯甲酸苄酯(1.54mL,10.93mmol,1.1当量),室温下搅拌该混合物1小时。将该反应混合物在碳酸氢盐饱和水溶液(100mL)和EtOAc(100mL)之间分配。相分离,将有机层干燥(Na2SO4)和浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(EtOAc/己烷2∶98→14∶86)纯化粗产物,得到3.75g物质。
步骤B:
在0℃用硼氢化钠(24mg,0.65mmol,1.2当量)处理七水合三氯化铈(260mg,0.69mmol,1.3当量)的MeOH溶液(10ml),搅拌15分钟,然后冷却至-78℃。加入酮26(300mg,0.54mmol,1当量)的THF溶液(10ml),搅拌该混合物1小时,然后升温至室温。加入水(50ml)和EtOAc(50ml),混合,分层。收集有机层,用盐水(30ml)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩成白色残留物。用硅胶快速色谱(醚/己烷2∶3→1∶1)纯化粗产物,得到235mg 3-β醇27。
步骤C:
在装有搅拌棒和橡胶隔片的烧瓶中,将化合物27(235mg,0.42mmol,1当量)溶解于EtOAc(7ml)中。用氮气对该溶液进行鼓泡(sparge),加入Pd/C10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,50mg)。用氮气、然后是氢气对该混合物进行鼓泡,室温下搅拌3小时。然后,用氮气对该混合物进行鼓泡,通过0.45μm聚乙烯膜过滤,浓缩至澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(NH4OH(水溶液)/MeOH/DCM 0.5∶2∶97.5→0.5∶6∶93.5)纯化该油状物,得到130mg白色粉末状的化合物25。([M+H]=427.4m/z)。
实施例15
步骤A:
在-78℃用K-Selectride(三仲丁基硼氢化钾)(0.58ml,0.58mmol,1.1当量)处理酮26(300mg,0.54mmol,1当量)的THF溶液(10ml),搅拌60分钟。加入甲醇(1ml),使该溶液升温至室温。加入水(50ml)和EtOAc(50ml),混合,分层。用盐水(30ml)洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至白色残留物。通过硅胶快速色谱(醚/己烷2∶3→1∶14)纯化粗产物,得到170mg纯的3-α醇29。
步骤B:
在装有搅拌棒和橡胶隔片的烧瓶中,将化合物29(170mg,0.30mmol,1当量)溶解于EtOAc(5ml)中。用氮气对该溶液进行鼓泡,加入Pd/C 10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,35mg)。用氮气、然后是氢气对该混合物进行鼓泡,室温下搅拌3小时。然后,用氮气对该混合物进行鼓泡,通过0.45μm聚乙烯膜过滤,浓缩至澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(NH4OH(水溶液)/MeOH/DCM 0.5∶2∶97.5→0.5∶6∶93.5)纯化该油状物,得到76mg白色粉末状的化合物28([M+H]=427.4m/z)。
实施例16
步骤A:
将化合物27(100mg,0.18mmol,1当量)和苄基三乙基氯化铵(8mg,0.36mmol,0.2当量)溶解于DCM(5ml)中,在室温下与硫酸二甲酯(130μL,1.43mmol,8当量)和50%氢氧化钾水溶液(0.5ml)剧烈搅拌18小时。使该混合物在水(30ml)和EtOAc(30ml)之间分配,然后用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩成澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(醚/己烷3∶7→9∶113)纯化粗制的醚,得到75mg澄清油状的甲醚。
步骤B:
在装有搅拌棒和橡胶隔片的烧瓶中,将化合物31(66mg,0.115mmol,1当量)溶解于EtOAc(5ml)中。用氮气对该溶液进行鼓泡,加入Pd/C 10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,20mg)。用氮气、然后是氢气对该混合物进行鼓泡,室温下搅拌3小时。然后,用氮气对该混合物进行鼓泡,通过0.45μm聚乙烯膜过滤,浓缩至澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(NH4OH(水溶液)/MeOH/DCM 0.5∶2∶97.5→0.5∶6∶93.5)纯化该油状物,得到22mg白色粉末状的化合物30([M+H]=441.4m/z)。
实施例17
步骤A
将化合物27(100mg,0.18mmol,1当量)溶解于DCM(5ml)中,加入4-二甲基氨基吡啶(4mg,0.35mmol,0.2当量)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.15ml,0.9mmol,5当量)和乙酸酐(0.070ml,0.72mmol,4当量)。室温下搅拌12小时后,使该溶液在EtOAc(30ml)和5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(15ml)之间分配。用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩成澄清油状物。通过硅胶色谱(醚/己烷3∶7→9∶113)纯化粗制的酯,得到100mg澄清油状的酯。
步骤B:
在装有搅拌棒和橡胶隔片的烧瓶中,将化合物33(100mg,0.18mmol,1当量)溶解于EtOAc(5ml)中。用氮气对该溶液进行鼓泡,加入Pd/C 10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,20mg)。用氮气、然后是氢气对该混合物进行鼓泡,室温下搅拌3小时。然后,用氮气对该混合物进行鼓泡,通过0.45μm聚乙烯膜过滤,浓缩至澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(NH4OH(水溶液)/MeOH/DCM 0.5∶2∶97.5→0.5∶6∶93.5)纯化该油状物,得到45mg白色粉末状的化合物32([M+H]=469.4m/z)。
实施例18
按照实施例16所述的方法,用化合物29代替化合物27合成化合物34。([M+H]=441.4m/z)。
实施例19
按照实施例17所述的方法,用化合物29代替化合物27合成化合物34。MS([M+H]=469.4m/z)。
实施例20
步骤A:
用盐酸羟胺(140mg,2mmol,6当量)、乙酸钠(160mg,2mmol,6当量)和水(0.5mL)处理化合物26(185mg,0.3mmol,1当量)的乙醇溶液(5ml),室温下搅拌该混合物1小时。将该混合物在EtOAc和水(各50mL)之间分配。用盐水(30ml)洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至白色残留物。通过硅胶色谱(醚/己烷2∶3→1∶1)纯化该粗产物,得到193mg肟37。
步骤B:
在装有搅拌棒和橡胶隔片的烧瓶中,将化合物37(65mg,0.113mmol)溶解于EtOAc(7ml)中。用氮气对该溶液进行鼓泡,加入Pd/C 10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,20mg)。用氮气、然后是氢气对该混合物进行鼓泡,室温下搅拌3小时。然后,用氮气对该混合物进行鼓泡,通过0.45μm聚乙烯膜过滤,浓缩至澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(NH4OH(水溶液)/MeOH/DCM 0.5∶2∶97.5→0.5∶6∶93.5)纯化该油状物,得到15mg白色粉末状的化合物36,它是顺式和反式肟异构体的混合物([M+H]=440.3m/z)。
实施例21
步骤A
将化合物27(42mg,0.075mmol,1当量)溶解于DCM(5ml)中,并加入4-二甲基氨基吡啶(2mg,0.02mmol,0.2当量)、N-Cbz甘氨酸(23mg,0.110mmol,1.5当量)和二异丙基碳二亚胺(0.023ml,0.150mmol,2当量)。室温下搅拌12小时后,使该溶液在EtOAc(30ml)和5%碳酸氢钠水溶液(15ml)之间分配。用盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩成澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(醚/己烷2∶3→1∶1)纯化粗制的酯,得到35mg澄清油状的酯。
步骤B:
在装有搅拌棒和橡胶隔片的烧瓶中,将化合物39(235mg,0.42mmol,1当量)溶解于EtOAc(7ml)中。用氮气对该溶液进行鼓泡,加入Pd/C 10%(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,50mg)。用氮气、然后是氢气对该混合物进行鼓泡,室温下搅拌3小时。然后,用氮气对该混合物进行鼓泡,通过0.45μm聚乙烯膜过滤,浓缩至澄清油状物。通过硅胶快速色谱(NH4OH(水溶液)/MeOH/DCM 0.5∶2∶97.5→0.5∶6∶93.5)纯化该油状物,得到17mg白色粉末状的所需产物([M+H]=452.4m/z)。
实施例22
40
按照实施例21所述的方法,用化合物29代替化合物27合成化合物40。([M+H]=452.4m/z)。
实施例23
按照实施例10所述方法,用N-(2-氧代乙基)-2-苯基乙酰胺代替N-(2-氧代乙基)乙酰胺合成化合物41。([M+H]=587.7m/z)。
实施例24
步骤A
向圆底烧瓶中加入醇29(7.60g,13.53mmol,1当量),将其溶解于DCM(115mL)中。向该反应中加入三乙胺(8.21g,81mmol,6.0当量)。使该混合物冷却至0℃,并加入甲磺酰氯(1.86g,16.2mmol,1.2当量)。30分钟后,使该反应混合物在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液和EtOAc之间分配。分离有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(EtOAc/己烷,10→25%)纯化残留物得到所需物质甲磺酸盐。
向圆底烧瓶中加入该甲磺酸盐(9.1g,14.22mmol,1当量),将其溶解于50ml DMPU中。向该反应中加入叠氮化钠(4.62g,71.1mmol,5.0当量),并加热至60℃。搅拌该混合物17小时。然后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并加入水。搅拌该混合物30分钟。真空过滤该混合物,用水冲洗,空气干燥,无须纯化即可直接用于下一个步骤。
步骤B:
向圆底烧瓶中加入叠氮化物43(8.35g,14.23mmol,1当量)和THF(120mL)。然后,向该反应中加入三苯膦(11.2g,42.7mmol,3.0当量)。将该混合物加热到50℃并搅拌20小时。接着将该混合物冷却至室温,真空下去除溶剂。用硅胶快速色谱(MeOH/DCM 10%→20%)纯化残留物,得到胺。
向圆底烧瓶中加入该胺(5.10g,9.09mmol,1当量),将其溶解于DCM(60mL)中。向该反应中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(5.88g,45.5mmol,5.0当量)。使该混合物冷却至0℃,并加入甲磺酰氯(2.08g,18.2mmol,2.0当量)。30分钟后,使该反应混合物在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液和EtOAc之间分配。收集有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至干。用硅胶快速色谱(EtOAc/己烷10→30%)纯化残留物,得到Cbz保护的甲磺酰胺。
向圆底烧瓶中加入Cbz保护的甲磺酰胺(5.37g,8.41mmol,1当量)和10%碳载钯(1.0g)。将该固体悬浮于2-丙醇(50mL)中。将该悬浮液置于氢气气氛下,25℃搅拌该混合物4小时。接着,通过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,滤出液浓缩至干。然后,用硅胶快速色谱(DCM/MeOH 0→5%)纯化残留物,得到所需产物。([M+H]=505.6m/z)。
化合物42的另一种合成方法
将重结晶的环杷明(2.07g)加入适当大小的反应容器中,置于惰性气氛下。依次加入EtOAc(7.6g)、三乙胺(1.53g)和DMAP(307mg)。使该悬浮液升温至40℃。用90分钟分三份加入Cbz-OBt,保持内部温度低于45℃。在40℃搅拌该反应混合物90分钟。在保持温度的同时向反应混合物中缓慢加入甲醇(26.4g)。将得到的悬浮液冷却至室温,搅拌至少15小时。过滤收集粗产物,并用甲醇(5g)冲洗。真空下干燥白色固体至恒重,由庚烷(30.3g)和甲苯(3.2g)重结晶,得到化合物24a(3.0g)。
将固体双(2,6-二甲基苯基)磷酸氢酯(bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrogenphosphate)和24a预先干燥,并置于氮气气氛下。将纯二乙基锌(722mg)加入含有DCM(9.0g)的适当大小的反应容器中。在等于或低于25℃的温度下依次加入该磷酸酯的DCM溶液(17.9g中加入1.83g)和IPI-332690(3.6g中加入1.34g)。加入二碘代甲烷(1.58g),28℃搅拌该反应4-6小时。将该反应冷却至-45℃,加入甲磺酸的DCM溶液(1.5g中加入566mg)。15分钟后,加入吗啉(1.711g),使该混合物升温至室温过夜。用2N HCl洗涤有机层两次(2x13.6g),然后依次用4.8wt%碳酸钠(水溶液)、4.8wt%亚硫酸钠(水溶液)和4.8wt%盐水(各13.6g)洗涤。将有机层干燥、过滤、浓缩至4g,并用异丙醇(4g)稀释。通过缓慢加入甲醇(9.3g)使产物由溶液中缓慢结晶出来。过滤、甲醇冲洗(2.6g)和干燥后得到1.09g 24b(79%分离产率)。
将约翰逊马修(Johnson Matthey)Pd/C催化剂A-305038-5(890mg)加入适当大小的反应容器中,然后加入24b(2.24g)。用N2吹扫该反应容器,依次加入甲苯(21.8g)和2-丙醇(6.7g)。对该系统脱气,并置于氮气气氛下,用氢气重复该过程。剧烈搅拌该系统,将氢气保护气(blanket)保持一个大气压4-5小时。通过TLC或HPLC监测该反应。如果未完成,则该反应为被惰性化,加入额外的催化剂(145mg),恢复氢气气氛再处理1小时。加入乙二胺(12.9mg),搅拌该混合物15分钟。过滤去除催化剂,用甲苯∶IPA(3∶1)冲洗。浓缩滤出液和冲洗液,将溶剂交换为甲苯。由甲苯(19.0g)和庚烷(18.0g)结晶产物,得到白色结晶固体24c(1.34g,产率98%)。
将24c(644mg)加入适当大小的反应容器中,然后加入叔丁醇铝(525mg)、甲苯(8.34g,15体积)和2-丁酮(7.83g,15体积)。用抽空/氮气吹扫循环对该烧瓶的内容物进行脱气,以去除氧气,在75℃加热反应混合物并剧烈搅拌16-18小时。通过加入罗谢尔盐水溶液(10.3g水中2.6g)终止反应,在45℃剧烈搅拌该混合物1小时。分离水层和有机层。再用甲苯(2.9g)和EtOAc(2.9g)的混合物反萃取水层。合并有机层,并用新鲜的罗谢尔盐溶液(10.3g水中2.6g)洗涤,然后用水(12.9g)洗涤。用硫酸钠(1.97g)干燥得到的有机层,过滤,真空浓缩。通过加料和浓缩进行交换溶剂以结晶产物,首先交换为IPA(6.5g),接着交换为庚烷(7.7g)。将稠庚烷浆液(约2.7g)搅拌过夜,过滤收集固体。真空干燥得到24d(550mg),产率85%。
将烯酮24d(459mg)和约翰逊-马修5%碳载钯(A503023-5,101mg)加入适当大小的多颈反应容器中。用氮气吹扫该容器,加入3-皮考啉(2.2g)作溶剂。开始搅拌,首先用氮气对该容器脱气,然后在1大气压的氢气下搅拌8小时。反应终止时,通过0.2微米介质过滤以去除催化剂,用ACN(1.4ml)冲洗。在装有机械搅拌装置、内部温度探针和氮气气氛的洁净反应容器中,混合滤出液和冲洗液。在30℃或30℃以下,将柠檬酸(3.7g)的水(9.2ml)溶液加入反应容器中,在20℃、然后是0℃,IPI-335589以柠檬酸盐的形式从溶液中缓慢结晶出来。通过抽滤回收结晶产物,用水(3.7ml)洗涤。干燥后,以水合物的形式分离柠檬酸盐24e(含3-5wt%水),产率89.5%(622mg),β∶α比例接近90∶1。
将24e(1.50g)与2-甲基四氢呋喃(7.7g)和1M碳酸钠(9.0ml)加入适当大小的反应器中。通过加料漏斗加入氯甲酸苄酯(454mg)的2-甲基四氢呋喃(300mg)溶液,该反应在室温下进行1-2小时。反应完成时,停止搅拌,分层,用水洗涤有机层两次(2x6g)。用硫酸钠(3g)干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩。由新鲜的2-甲基四氢呋喃(6.5g)浓缩以进一步减少残留的水,将物质以无水2-甲基四氢呋喃溶液的形式转移至下一个反应中。
将市售的1M K-Selectride的THF溶液(1.20g)加入氮气气氛下的干燥反应容器中,用无水2-甲基四氢呋喃(2.10g)稀释,冷却至-65℃。然后,将24f(0.41g)的2-甲基四氢呋喃(1.5g)溶液缓慢加入该反应容器中,将内部温度控制在-65±5℃。搅拌该反应2小时,用大约1小时升温至-20℃,再搅拌1小时。通过HPLC监测该反应,用额外的K-selectride将未完成的反应驱动至完成。在低温下,用MeOH(0.33g)终止该反应,然后在-20℃加入3MNaOH(2.4g),在5℃或5℃以下加入15%过氧化氢的水(1.04g)溶液,然后在室温下搅拌过夜。分层,依次用1M NaOH水溶液(2ml),0.5M Na2SO3水溶液(2ml)和水(2ml)洗涤有机层,用HCl调节至pH 3。用硫酸钠(0.82g)干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩。用DCM(0.9g)再次浓缩产物24g(0.457g),并用于下一个反应。
将24g(1.36g)和无水DCM(18.1g)加入适当大小的反应容器中,置于惰性气氛下,冷却至-20℃。加入三乙胺(0.61mg),然后缓慢加入甲磺酰氯(373mg)的无水DCM(300mg)溶液。在-20℃搅拌该反应1小时。通过HPLC监测该反应。用额外的甲磺酰氯将不完全的反应驱动至完全。完全时,用水(13.6g)终止该反应,使其升温。分层,用2.5wt%碳酸氢钠(13.8g)、然后是水(10.9g)洗涤有机层。用硫酸钠(4g)干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩。产物溶液是通过加料和浓缩进行溶剂交换,首先交换为叔丁基甲醚(10.9ml),然后是1,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2(1H)-嘧啶酮(DMPU,4.7ml)。DMPU溶液可直接用于下一个反应。
将叠氮化钠(0.74g)加入适当大小的反应容器中。将24h(1.46g)的DMPU(5.9g)溶液加入该反应容器中,用额外的DMPU(1.9g)冲洗。将该悬浮液加热到60℃ 15小时,在整个反应中保持氮气吹扫。将该反应冷却至环境温度,用MTBE(11.7g)稀释。用2%盐水洗涤有机溶液三次(3x8g),用硫酸钠(4.4g)干燥,过滤和浓缩。由THF(6.4g)浓缩产物,直接用于下一个反应。
溶解粗制的24i(1.34g),并转移到装有THF(12.6g)的合适大小的反应容器中。加入三苯膦(0.70g)和水(0.44g),将该反应加热至55℃ 15-24小时。完成时,将该反应冷却至环境温度,用硫酸镁(1.4g)干燥,过滤并浓缩。溶解固体,由三份DCM(3x9g)浓缩,通过硅胶色谱用DCM/MeOH/Et3N梯度纯化,以去除基于试剂的杂质。将汇集组分浓缩至干,溶解于DCM(6.8g),再次浓缩至干,以产生无水固体(1.12g),它可用于下一个反应。
溶解24j(1.09g),并转移至含有无水DCM(15.8g)的适当大小的反应容器中,置于氮气气氛下。将该溶液冷却至0℃。在保持温度低于5℃的情况下,依次加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(357mg)和纯甲磺酰氯(0.165ml)。通过HPLC监测该反应。用额外的甲磺酰氯将不完全的反应驱动至完全。用0.4M碳酸氢钠水溶液(11.4g)终止该反应,升温至环境温度。分层,用DCM(5.8g)反萃取水相。用硫酸镁(0.55g)干燥合并的有机层,过滤并浓缩。用2-丙醇(4.0g)溶解产物24k,并除去2-丙醇以去除残留的DCM,产物24k可直接用于下一个反应。
将奥德里奇德固赛E101型NE/W 10%Pd/C(249mg)加入适当大小的反应容器中,置于氮气气氛下。将24k(1.24g)的2-丙醇(9.8g)溶液加入该反应容器中。对该系统脱气,并置于氮气气氛下,用氢气重复该过程。在1个大气压的氢气下,在环境温度下搅拌该反应8小时。将惰性气体输回该容器,向该反应中第二次加入催化剂(125mg)在2-丙醇(0.5g)中形成的浆液。对该反应混合物脱气,并置于氮气气氛下,用氢气重复该过程。在1个大气压的氢气下,在环境温度下再搅拌该反应15小时。通过HPLC监测该反应。用额外的催化剂和氢气处理不完全的反应。完成时,过滤该反应,用蒸汽活化的碳(200mg)处理,再次过滤。通过部分浓缩干燥该溶液,转移到反应容器中,根据理论产率用无水2-丙醇稀释至0.09M。用20分钟加入1.25M HCl的2-丙醇(1.64g)溶液。通过温和搅拌缓慢结晶盐酸盐,通过过滤分离。用2-丙醇(2.5g)洗涤晶体,真空干燥得到1∶1 IPA溶剂合物形式的化合物42(916mg,产率80%)。
实施例25
步骤A
向圆底烧瓶中加入胺42(1.1g,2.1mmol,1当量)、无水四氢呋喃(10ml)和吡啶(880uL,10.9mmol,5当量)。用过氧苯甲酰(1.6g,6.5mmol,3当量)处理冷却的(0℃)混合物。在0℃搅拌该混合物2小时,然后在25℃搅拌过夜。用MTBE稀释反应混合物,用NaHCO3饱和水溶液和1N NaOH的混合物洗涤,直到分层。收集有机层,用MTBE再萃取一次水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并浓缩至干。将粗制油状物溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,加到SiO2(40g)柱上,用己烷/EtOAc(10%至50%)洗脱,得到苯甲酰衍生物48(380mg)([M+H]=625.4m/z)。
步骤B:
向圆底烧瓶中加入化合物48(374mg,0.6mmol,1当量)和MeOH(5mL)。在25℃、2N KOH(0.3mL,0.6mmol,1当量)存在下处理该溶液。搅拌该混合物3小时。真空去除溶剂。将MTBE加入残留物中,它被1N HCl中和。分层,用两份CH2Cl2萃取水层。用Na2SO4干燥合并的有机层,过滤和浓缩至干。用CH2Cl2溶解粗物质(380mg),加到SiO2柱(12g)上,用己烷/EtOAc(0%至100%)洗脱得到羟胺47。由t-BuOH/7%H2O冻干该物质,得到213mg白色粉末状的化合物47([M+H]=521.4m/z)。
实施例26
步骤A
向空气加热枪干燥的烧瓶中加入无水CH2Cl2(5mL)和苯甲醇(785uL,7.58mmol,1.3当量)。用氯磺酰基异氰酸酯(506uL,5.83mmol,1当量)处理冷却(0℃)的溶液。然后,加入DMAP(1.4g,11.6mmol,2当量),25℃搅拌该混合物1小时。DMAP完全溶解后,该反应能澄清一段较短的时间。然后,形成白色絮状沉淀。用CH2Cl2(30mL)稀释该混合物,用三份(各30mL)水洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤和蒸发至干。所需白色固体51无须纯化即可用于下一个步骤。
步骤B:
向圆底烧瓶中加入化合物52(30mg,0.053mmol,1当量)和51(18mg,0.053mmol,1当量)。将两种试剂溶解于CH2Cl2(2mL)中,在25℃搅拌该溶液。将该粗产物加到SiO2柱(4g)上,用己烷/EtOAc(0%至50%)洗脱,得到16mg氨磺酰化衍生物53([M+Na]=796.4m/z)。
步骤C
向圆底烧瓶中加入化合物53(16mg,0.021mmol,1当量)和11mg10%Pd/C(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型)。将该物质悬浮于2-丙醇(3mL)中。密封该烧瓶,用氢气吹扫三次,放置在1个大气压的氢气下过夜。通过0.2微米Acrodisc过滤该浆液,用2-丙醇洗涤,真空去除溶剂。通过SiO2柱(1g),用CH2Cl2/MeOH(5%至10%)洗脱,以纯化残留物。由t-BuOH/7%H2O冻干主要产物,得到9mg硫酰胺50([M+H]=506.4m/z)。
实施例27
步骤A
向圆底烧瓶中加入环杷明4-烯-3-酮(3.5g,8.5mmol,1当量)和吡啶(70mL)。向该反应器中加入Pd/C(10%Pd,500mg)。将该反应置于1个大气压的氢气下。3.5小时后,LCMS显示原料被完全消耗。用Acrodisk 0.2微米滤器滤除催化剂,用甲苯洗涤。通过与甲苯共沸(2x10mL)去除溶剂。所需物质56,3.5g([M+H]=412.5m/z)即可用于下一个步骤。
步骤B:
向圆底烧瓶中加入化合物56(1.2g,2.8mmol,1当量)、CH2Cl2(10mL)和三乙胺(1.9ml,14.2mmol,5当量)。用CBz-Cl(440uL,2.8mmol,1当量)处理冷却的(0℃)溶液。1小时后,LCMS显示原料被完全消耗。用水稀释该混合物。分层,用水洗涤有机层两次。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,浓缩至干。通过柱色谱(SiO2,40g),用己烷/EtOAc(0至20%)洗脱,以纯化产物,得到化合物57(891mg)([M+Na]=468.4m/z)。
步骤C
在圆底烧瓶中,酮57与CH2Cl2共沸数次,真空下干燥1小时。在氮气下,将酮2(693mg,1.27mmol,1当量)溶解于无水THF(20mL)中,将该溶液冷却至-78℃。逐滴加入1M K-selectride的THF溶液(1.9mL,1.9mmol,1.5当量)。1小时后,通过TLC监测确定该反应完成。加入2.6mL5N NaOH,然后缓慢加入2.6mL 30%wt H2O2以终止反应。将得到的混合物搅拌过夜。使该混合物在水和EtOAc之间分配。再用EtOAc反萃取水层。首先用水(用少量氯化铵缓冲)、然后用盐水洗涤合并的有机相。将有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩至粗制泡沫(840mg)。用CH2Cl2溶解粗物质,加到SiO2柱(40g)上,用己烷/EtOAc(0%至50%)洗脱得到化合物58(565mg)。步骤D:
在氮气下的圆底烧瓶中,将醇58(530mg,0.98mmol,1当量)溶解于5mL无水CH2Cl2和三乙胺(800uL,5.81mmol,6当量)中。将反应混合物冷却至0℃,逐滴加入Ms-Cl(112uL,1.45mmol,1.5当量)。在0℃搅拌该混合物30分钟。TLC(己烷∶EtOAC,7∶3)显示转化率约为70%。将70uL三乙胺(70uL,0.5当量)和Ms-Cl(10uL,0.1当量)加入该反应容器中。90分钟后,加入碳酸氢盐饱和溶液,用CH2Cl2萃取残留物。用水洗涤有机层,干燥和浓缩得到灰白色泡沫。将该物质溶解于CH2Cl2中,通过SiO2(40g)、用己烷/EtOAc(0%至50%)洗脱纯化,得到化合物59(430mg)。步骤E:
在圆底烧瓶中,将甲磺酸酯59(420mg,0.67mmol,1当量)溶解于2mLDMPU中。用叠氮化钠(218mg,3.4mmol,5当量)在60℃处理该溶液5小时。使该混合物冷却至25℃,然后倾入冰水中,产生白色固体。用MTBE萃取该化合物(3次)。合并的有机层用水洗涤(2X),然后用盐水洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤和浓缩成白色泡沫(342mg)。所需物质60即可用于下一个步骤。
步骤F:
在装有蒸馏器的圆底烧瓶中,将叠氮化物60(336mg,0.58mmol,1当量)溶解于7mL THF和140uL水中,用三苯膦(462mg,1.76mmol,3当量)处理。将该混合物加热至70℃过夜。TLC(己烷/EtOAc,7∶3)验证该反应已进行完全。将该反应浓缩至干。将粗产物溶解于CH2C12中,加到12gSiO2上,用CH2Cl2/MeOH(0至20%)洗脱,得到胺61(254mg)。
步骤G:
在氮气下的圆底烧瓶中,将胺61(248mg,0.45mmol,1当量)溶解于7mL无水CH2Cl2和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(237uL,0.91mmol,2当量)中。将反应混合物冷却至0℃,逐滴加入Ms-Cl(70uL,1.45mmol,1.5当量)。该混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时。TLC(己烷/EtOAc,7∶3)显示有少量胺。向该混合物中加入10uL Ms-Cl(0.2当量),升温至25℃ 1小时。用CH2Cl2、然后是NaHCO3饱和溶液稀释该反应混合物。分层。用一份CH2Cl2萃取水层。用水洗涤合并的有机层,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩至干。将粗产物(326mg)加到SiO2柱(12g)上,用己烷/EtOAc(0至50%)洗脱,得到磺酰胺62(256mg)。
步骤H
向圆底烧瓶中加入磺酰胺62(250mg,0.4mmol,1当量)和50mg 10%Pd/C(湿,奥德里奇德固赛E101型,批号0833 IKC)。将该物质悬浮于EtOAc(5mL)中。密封该烧瓶,用氢气吹扫三次,在1个大气压的氢气下搅拌。3小时后,观察到一些转化,但仍然存在许多原料。通过0.2微米Acrodisc过滤该浆液,用2-丙醇洗涤。加入54mg催化剂,对滤出溶液重新施加反应条件。3小时后该反应完成。通过0.2微米Acrodisc过滤该浆液,用2-丙醇洗涤,将溶剂浓缩至干。将粗产物(200mg)加到SiO2柱(12g)上,用CH2Cl2/MeOH(0至10%)梯度洗脱化合物,得到游离的胺。由t-BuOH/7%H2O冻干该物质,得到175mg白色粉末状的化合物55([M+H]=491.3m/z)。
实施例28:在细胞培养物中抑制Hedgehog途径
可利用以下实验确认对Hedgehog途径特异性癌细胞的杀伤作用。C3H10T1/2细胞与sonic hedgehog肽(Shh-N)接触时分化成成骨细胞。分化后;这些成骨细胞产生高水平的碱性磷酸酶(AP),可用酶学实验进行测定(Nakamura等,1997 BBRC 237:465)。因此,可通过AP产量的降低鉴定阻断C3H10T1/2分化成成骨细胞(Shh依赖事件)的化合物(van der Horst等,2003 Bone 33:899)。该实验详述如下。分化实验的结果近似值(抑制的EC50)参见下表1。
实验方案
细胞培养
在37℃,5%CO2的空气气氛下,在补加了10%热灭活FBS(海克隆公司(Hyclone))、50单位/毫升青霉素和50ug/ml链霉素(吉布科/英杰公司(Gibco/Invitrogen))的基本MEM培养基(吉布科/英杰公司)中培养小鼠胚胎中胚层成纤维细胞C3H10T1/2(获自ATCC)。
碱性磷酸酶实验
将C3H10T1/2细胞以8×103个细胞/孔的密度接种于96孔板。细胞生长至铺满(72小时)。sonic Hedgehog(250ng/ml)和/或化合物处理后,用110ul裂解缓冲液(50mM Tris,pH 7.4,0.1%曲通X100)裂解细胞,超声处理各板,裂解物经0.2μm PVDF板(康宁公司(Corning))离心。在含有1mg/ml对硝基苯基磷酸酯的碱性缓冲溶液(西格玛公司(Sigma))中测定40μl裂解物的AP活性。在37℃培育30分钟后,利用英飞信(Envision)读板器在405nm读取各板的读数。利用皮尔斯公司(Pierce)的BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒,按照生产商的使用说明定量测定总蛋白。根据总蛋白标准化AP活性。注意,“A”表明IC50小于20nM,“B”表明IC50为20-100nM,“C”表明IC50>100nM。
表1-抑制的EC50近似值
实施例29:胰腺癌模型
在人胰腺癌模型中监测化合物42的活性:将BXPC-3细胞皮下植入小鼠右肢的侧面。肿瘤植入后第42天,将小鼠随机分成两组,分别接受运载体(30%HPBCD)或化合物42。化合物42的剂量为40毫克/千克/天。接受25个每日剂量后,与运载体对照相比,化合物42使肿瘤体积的增长统计学显著性地降低了40%(p=0.0309)。在研究结束时,在最后一次给药后4小时收获肿瘤,通过对HH途径基因进行q-RT-PCR分析评估靶点反应。对人Gli-1的分析显示无调节。对鼠Gli-1 mRNA水平的分析显示,与运载体治疗组相比,化合物治疗组强烈下调。
实施例30:髓母细胞瘤模型
也在髓母细胞瘤的转基因小鼠模型中评估化合物42的活性。肿瘤抑制基因Patched1(Ptch1)和癌症过度甲基化基因(Hypermethylated in Cancer,Hic1)中出现失能突变的杂合体小鼠自发性发生髓母细胞瘤。与人髓母细胞瘤相似,这些肿瘤中剩余的Hic1等位基因显示出完全启动子过度甲基化,而且野生型Ptch1等位基因不表达。作为皮下同种异体移植物传代时,这些肿瘤生长迅速,并且是Hedgehog途径依赖性的。利用该模型评价口服给予的化合物的功效,并将活性与血浆和肿瘤的药物接触相关联。通过测定给药8小时后Gli-1 mRNA表达降低,确定口服给予(PO)一个剂量的化合物42导致皮下植入的肿瘤中HH途径剂量依赖性下调。
每天(QD)给予化合物PO导致剂量依赖性抑制肿瘤生长,在较高剂量下观察到肿瘤明显消退。50%抑制肿瘤生长的每日有效口服剂量的近似值(ED50)是4mg/kg。按照QD方案治疗动物21天时,在停止治疗后(>60天)观察到长期存活,肿瘤很少或没有再次生长。
实施例31:肺癌模型
为了在人SCLC肿瘤模型中检测化合物42的活性,将LX22细胞皮下植入右肢的侧面。LX22是衍生自未经化疗的患者的原发SCLC异种移植瘤模型,通过小鼠传代维持该模型。该肿瘤对依托泊甙/卡铂化疗有反应,其反应方式与临床情况极其相似。LX22在化疗期间消退,经过一段时间的缓解后开始复发。在LX22模型中,检测化合物作为单一药物的活性和它调节化疗耐受性复发的能力。在肿瘤植入后第32天,将小鼠随机分成三组,分别接受运载体(30%HBPCD)、化合物或依托泊甙和卡铂的联合化疗(E/P)。以40毫克/千克/天的剂量给予化合物42,连续给予16个剂量后,治疗组和运载体组之间没有出现可检测的差异。在肿瘤植入后第34、35、36和48天i.v.给予12mg/kg依托泊甙,而在肿瘤植入后第34、41和48天i.v.给予60mg/kg卡铂。在第50天,再将E/P治疗小鼠随机分组,以接受运载体(30%HPBCD)或化合物后续治疗。以40毫克/千克/天的口服多剂量MTD给予该化合物,连续给予35个剂量后,与运载体组相比治疗组肿瘤复发时间明显延迟(p=0.0101)。
参考文献的引用
本文引用的所有美国专利与公布的美国专利申请纳入本文作为参考。
等同方案
本领域技术人员应了解或能够确定,只使用常规实验即可获得本文所述的本发明具体实施方式的许多等同形式。这类等同形式应包含在所附权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (13)
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1是H、羟基或烷氧基,或者R1和R2一起形成=O或=N(OR)。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R4是H或-[(W)-C(O)N(R5)]qR5。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1是H或-OR,且R4是H。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R4是-[(W)-C(O)N(R5)]qR5。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R4是H。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1是亚磺酰氨基。
9.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的化合物和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的盐是盐酸盐。
12.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括具有下式结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂:
13.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的盐是盐酸盐。
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