CN101622060B - 引入添加剂的方法和装置 - Google Patents

引入添加剂的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101622060B
CN101622060B CN2007800433148A CN200780043314A CN101622060B CN 101622060 B CN101622060 B CN 101622060B CN 2007800433148 A CN2007800433148 A CN 2007800433148A CN 200780043314 A CN200780043314 A CN 200780043314A CN 101622060 B CN101622060 B CN 101622060B
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container
additive
feeding device
perhaps
particle
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CN101622060A (zh
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G·温德林
M·哈克尔
K·费克廷杰
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EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
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EREMA Engineering Recycling Maschinen und Anlagen GesmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及在容器或切割压实机(1)内运动的、混合的、和必要时经过加热和切碎的块状或粒子状材料中、尤其是在聚合物粒子或聚合物片、木纤维、碎纸或类似材料中引入或加入液态、固态、半固态、粘稠或者悬浮或乳化形态的非干燥粉末状添加剂或涂料例如过氧化物、脂肪、蜡、IV-改进剂、聚合物或类似物质的一种方法和一种装置。按照本发明所述，在容器(1)内的材料或材料粒子物位下方加入添加剂。

Description

引入添加剂的方法和装置
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法以及一种根据权利要求10的前序部分的用于实施该方法的装置。
已知现有技术条件下有若干方法和装置可用来将液体添加剂从上方喷射到塑料材料上，或者以流化床法将其加入。
按照US 4,522,957所述，在搅拌机内将液态添加剂加入到塑料粒子之中。
WO 00/38895对这种方法进行了改进，可减少粉尘污染或者减少粉尘形成，首先在喷雾室内以对流方法将液态添加剂喷在塑料粒子上，然后执行静态混合方法。
按照EP 7624所述，在一种惰性气流中将液态添加剂加入到塑料粒子之中。
按照WO 84/02530所述，首先在连续式搅拌机内使得塑料粒子旋转起来，然后在这种旋转状态下，使其在气流中沾上高温液态添加剂。
按照WO 9425509公开的一种方法，在搅拌装置中通过喷嘴使得聚合物粒子沾上液态添加剂，为了获得更好的湿润效果，塑料粒子的表面具有不均匀的纹理或者使其变得粗糙。
按照WO 2006/010291所描述的一种方法和一种搅拌装置，通过喷射装置在搅拌装置中将液态添加剂喷入到塑料粒子上，然后使得混合物进入挤压机之中。
此外EP 9817也公开了一种方法，首先使得塑料粒子沾上一种能保证将液态添加剂更好地分布在塑料粒子表面上的“偶联剂”或者载体。可作为偶联剂的尤其是石蜡或者类石蜡的物质。
此外US 4,703,093也公开了一种将液态添加剂加入到经过预热的塑料粒子之中的方法。
DE 2631622描述了一种同时将粉末状固体以及液体连续送入处理机器之中的方法。通过一个环形喷嘴实现这一点，其中使得液体形成一个软管状的外套，在其中心输入固体物质。
但这种方法主要首先仅适用于可以雾化的稀液状添加剂，对于较高粘度的粘稠性添加剂或者固体或半固体性质的添加剂而言，作用并不充分。通常仅可不完全、不均匀地湿润塑料材料。
如果将较高粘度的添加剂加热到比较高的温度，以便能够以稀液状态将其加入，那么通常会在温度较低处或较冷的装置表面上形成添加剂沉积物或者凝结物。
这会造成计量困难和不精确，并且会污染装置。
本发明的任务在于，提供一种方法和一种装置，能够以简单且均匀的方式，将较高粘度的非干燥粒子状添加剂加入到块状材料之中，尤其是加入到塑料材料或者聚合物粒子之中。材料表面可以尽可能完全、均匀地沾上添加剂，且可以在材料粒子之内均匀分布或分散添加剂。此外还能以正确的剂量加入添加剂，可以避免出现沉积物，从而避免污染并非所愿的部位。
这些任务可通过权利要求1或10所述的特征加以解决。
采用本发明所述的方法或者装置，能够以有益的方式将添加剂或者涂料非常均匀地施涂在块状、粒子状的材料上，从而实现完全湿润材料粒子表面的效果。
此外还能够准确计量极其微量的添加剂，因为全部添加剂用量被直接加入到材料粒子之中，并且不可能出现添加剂沉积的现象。尤其是添加剂不与任何温度较低的容器或反应器部件发生接触，因此可保证准确计量。不会有冷凝或凝固的添加剂污染或沉积在反应器中并非所愿的部位上，因此不需要进行频繁清洗。与现有技术条件下从上方将添加剂喷射到材料粒子上的已知计量方式相比，可显著减少甚至阻止添加剂或者含有添加剂的粉尘凝结在温度较低的部位上。
材料粒子在容器内的动态运动或者旋转运动有助于将添加剂施涂到材料粒子的表面上，并且有利于将添加剂均匀分布或分散到材料粒子上。保证这一效果的方式为：材料粒子沿着容器侧壁内侧滑过或者旋转，并且以这种方式带走这里出现的添加剂。
因此采用本发明所述的方法可以湿润整个表面，并且在搅动粒子的过程中使得添加剂最佳地分布。
本发明的其它优点可参阅从属权利要求。
可以配置一个或多个加料装置。这些加料装置均布置于容器侧壁内侧上，或者在容器侧壁内表面上通入容器之中。
有不同的方法可用来安装、布置加料装置。特别有益的方式是配置多个加料装置，例如可布置在容器底部或者搅拌工具上方的相同高度上，并且优选均匀地分布在容器内壁的圆周方向。
另一种方法是：将各个加料装置上下重叠布置成垂直的一列，或者倾斜向上延伸的一列，必要时可错开或者呈螺旋形排列。加料装置也可以特别是分散地或者均匀地分布在容器中，或者仅仅配置一个唯一的加料装置。
将加料装置适当布置在容器中，使其特别是始终地处在容器内的材料物位下方，从而添加剂仅可直接加入到旋转的材料粒子之中。通常通过材料粒子在容器内部的运动来形成搅拌旋流，如附图1示意性地示出。有利地在执行整个方法的过程中，搅拌旋流的边缘或者最上方物位位于加料装置上方。
加料装置最好布置在容器内的材料物位或者搅拌旋流的中间三分之一区域的高度，这样就可将添加剂均匀分散到材料粒子上。
如果加料装置在容器内侧所处的区域或者高度正是运动或旋转的材料粒子对其施加最高压力的区域或高度，则对于粘度极高的添加剂而言尤其有利。这样就可保证材料分布良好。根据搅拌工具的转速、类型、数量以及形状来确定该区域或者材料对侧壁施加的压力。
加料装置可以是容器侧壁上的简单加料接头或者加料口，也可以是加料喷嘴形式。最好通过计量泵例如齿轮泵或者膜片泵计量加入或输送添加剂。这些泵可控制添加剂的加入量。如前所述，由于全部添加剂可以被直接加入到材料粒子之中，因此能够以非常精确且没有损失的方式进行计量。在很大程度上避免了因沉积等类似现象引起的损失。
为了不干扰材料粒子在容器内部的运动，加料装置最好与容器的内壁齐平，并且不向内伸入或者伸出到容器内部。
要加入到材料之中的添加剂通常以微滴或者糊状形式从加料装置中流出。材料粒子在搅拌工具的强制作用下沿着容器内壁运动，与内壁接触并且产生摩擦。通过加料装置直线流出的添加剂直接被材料粒子带走，并且在搅拌过程中更为均匀地分布。
对于某些添加剂而言，可能需要通过添加剂湿润容器壁，以此使得添加剂与材料粒子能够更好地分散。为了实现这一点，可以配置一个附加的单独的加热装置，其仅仅对容器侧壁的内侧或者容器侧壁进行加热。该加热装置最好独立于可调温或者可加热的搅拌工具，或者独立于其它用来对容器中的材料进行加热的加热装置。以这种方式可减小添加剂的粘度，从而改善添加剂的流动性，更好地湿润容器内壁。这样就能更好地将添加剂分布在材料粒子上。
为了避免糊状或高粘度的添加剂引起堵塞，加料装置本身及其输入管或者储存容器也可以是可加热的。例如这样就能够在室温下以充分流动形式加入固态蜡或者糊状的蜡。必要时也可以相应地调整施加给添加剂的压力，或者用来输送添加剂的压力，尤其可在相应的高度进行选择，以便能够加入较高粘度的添加剂。
原则上适宜在高温下处理材料，或者保持比较高的材料温度，因为这样可以降低添加剂的粘度，并且更好地分布、更为均匀地分散材料粒子。
此外最好还能够避免通过添加剂湿润容器的内壁，或者减小湿润程度。例如可以通过特殊涂层或者容器壁的特殊花纹做到这一点。以这种方式能使得附着在容器内壁上的添加剂液滴更易于脱离侧壁，从而更易于被材料或者运动的材料粒子带走，使得容器壁不会被湿润。
本发明的其它优点和设计可由说明书和附图得到。
本发明借助实施例在附图中示意性地示出，以下将参照附图对本发明进行示例性地说明。
附图1本发明所述装置的示意图。
附图1所示为本发明所述装置的剖面示意图。这种装置在现有技术条件下已有各种不同的实施方式。
附图1所示的切割压实机形式的装置具有容器1，在其底部配有围绕大致垂直的轴线转动的、被驱动电机5所驱动的粉碎或搅拌工具4。在容器1的侧壁上与粉碎和搅拌工具4等高处设有开口，螺杆挤压机的机筒2就连接在该开口上。机筒2内有一个被驱动电机6所驱动的挤压机螺杆3。螺杆挤压机所输送的被粉碎和混合的材料尤其是塑料通过出料口7从螺杆机筒向外排出。在加工塑料材料的过程中，材料首先在挤压机内熔化或者塑化。也可以对容器1施加真空。
在容器1中放入将要处理的材料。材料在容器1中呈块状或者粒子状，因此与其体积相比具有很大的表面。材料例如可以是薄片、粒子、薄膜垃圾等形式的热塑性塑料材料。可想而知也可以是木纤维、报纸等类似材料。通过搅拌工具4使得材料粒子在容器1中不停的运动或者旋转，从而将粒子混匀，视搅拌工具4的构造而定，必要时还可以进行粉碎和/或预压实，也可以将材料加热，或者进行干燥或结晶。尤其对于塑料材料来说，材料粒子在容器1内的运动可使得塑料粒子在加热过程中不会粘合在一起，从而保持材料的块状特点。
此外在容器1的侧壁下部还配有加料接头形式的加料装置10，该接头经由开口通入到容器1之中，其中所述开口与侧壁内表面齐平，且加料装置10没有任何部分伸入到容器内部。通过该加料装置10可以将一种或多种添加剂或涂料计量加入到容器1之中。
加料装置10经过适当设计，适合用来加入非干燥粒子状、非干燥粉末状、非干燥颗粒状或者非干燥晶体状的添加剂。通常通过简单的加料斗从上方加入干燥的粉末状或颗粒状添加剂，例如颜料、填充剂等类似物质。因此可通过加料装置10计量加入可以泵送的稀液或粘稠状、固态、半固态或糊状尤其是较高粘度的添加剂。加料装置10例如适合用来加入稀液状添加剂，例如增塑剂、过氧化物等粘稠的添加剂，或者也可加入较硬的奶油状或面团状添加剂，例如脂肪或蜡，也可加入聚合物。所谓固态添加剂例如有蜡或脂肪，在室温下虽然形状稳定，但是仍然可以延展、变形。通过这种方式也可以利用某种载体溶液以分散体、浆液、悬浮液或乳化液形式加入最初为粉状的添加剂或填充料，例如颜料、填料等类似物质。
如附图1所示，加料装置10布置在容器1内的旋转材料粒子物位的下方，或者在搅拌旋流最上方边缘的下方。因此并非从上方例如通过喷淋或滴入方式、而是通过容器1的侧壁加入添加剂。运动的材料始终掠过加料装置10或者加料口，从而带走流出的添加剂，将其施涂在材料粒子上，并且使其分散或分布在材料粒子之内。
材料粒子的表面越大，则添加剂的分散作用越好。
视稀释度而定，必要时可通过一种添加剂载体，按照0.01～20％重量百分比加入添加剂、尤其是反应性添加剂。例如当使用PET薄片作为原料时，可施涂0.2～0.6％的添加剂。
添加剂的最大用量指的是将容器1内的材料总表面或者材料粒子总表面湿润所需的用量。
视添加剂的类型及其反应性而定，添加剂在某些情况下只有在挤压机或者熔体中才会与材料发生反应。
最终在挤压机中将材料完全熔化，如有必要，还可进行过滤和/或排气。
可以在一道步骤中执行本发明所述的方法，但也可以将其整合到两步或多步骤工艺之中。最好在第一道步骤在一个前置的预处理容器或者第一个容器1中加入添加剂。为此可将加料装置布置在该预处理容器之中。然后在另一个容器1中继续处理材料，和/或加入其它添加剂，必要时还可进行干燥或结晶。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于引入添加剂的方法，用于在容器或切割压实机(1)内运动的、搅拌的、经过加热和粉碎的块状或粒子状材料中引入或加入液态、固态、半固态、糊状、悬浮或乳化形态、具有较高粘度的非干燥粒子状、非干燥粉末状添加剂或涂层材料，其中在容器(1)内的材料物位下方加入添加剂，其特征在于，在容器(1)内旋转的材料粒子对容器(1)的侧壁施加最大压力的区域或者容器(1)的这一高度之处加入添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在容器(1)内的材料物位或者旋转运动所形成的搅拌旋流的中间三分之一区域中加入添加剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过一个或多个加料装置(10)加入添加剂，通过计量泵进行供料，所述加料装置被设计成加料口或者喷嘴型式，布置在容器(1)的侧壁内侧上，或者穿过侧壁通入，在相同高度沿着圆周分布，或者上下叠置排列成一排。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，适当保持材料粒子或者容器(1)内通过运动形成的搅拌旋流的物位，使其始终位于加料装置(10)的上方。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过或者利用沿着容器(1)的侧壁内侧和加料装置(10)掠过或者旋转的材料粒子带走或引入添加剂，或者以这种方式将添加剂施涂在材料粒子上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在加入添加剂之前，或者在加入过程中，无论容器(1)内的材料温度如何，均对容器(1)的内侧或侧壁进行附加的单独加热，以便减小所加入的添加剂的粘度，并且提高湿润程度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，视稀释度而定，通过一种添加剂载体，以相对于最终产物总重量的0.01～20％重量百分比的用量加入添加剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，添加剂的最大加入量就是湿润容器(1)内的材料总表面所需的量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述块状或粒子状材料是聚合物粒子或聚合物薄片、木纤维、碎纸。
10.用于实施权利要求1～9中任一项所述方法的装置，具有至少一个容器或者切割压实机(1)，其中至少布置有一个可围绕垂直轴线旋转的搅拌工具(4)，用于使得待加工的块状或粒子状材料进入运动或旋转状态，对材料进行搅拌、加热，或进行粉碎，其中至少配置一个用于实施权利要求1～8中任一项所述方法的加料装置(10)，用于加入液态、固态、半固态或糊状、悬浮或乳化形态、具有较高粘度的非干燥粒子状添加剂，其中加料装置(10)布置在工作过程中位于容器(1)内的材料的物位下方，其特征在于，加料装置(10)在容器(1)中所处的区域正是运动的材料粒子对容器(1)的侧壁施加最高压力的区域。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，加料装置(10)布置在容器(1)的侧壁内侧上，或者成型于容器(1)的侧壁上或通入容器(1)之中。
12.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，加料装置(10)均匀地分布在容器(1)的内壁圆周的相同高度上，或者上下重叠排列成一排。
13.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，加料装置(10)在容器(1)内与底部或者与搅拌工具(4)相隔一定高度或距离，加料装置(10)在此高度/距离中始终处在预先给定的位于容器(1)内的或旋转的材料粒子的物位下方，或者处在材料粒子运动或旋转所形成的搅拌旋流物位的下方。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，加料装置(10)被布置在预先给定的容器(1)中的材料或者搅拌旋流的中间三分之一区域的高度。
15.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，加料装置(10)被设计成出口或者喷嘴型式，且能够利用计量泵进行加料，能够以微滴形式计量加入添加剂。
16.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，加料装置(10)与容器(1)的内壁齐平，且不是从容器(1)的内侧突出或伸入到容器(1)的内部。
17.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，至少还配置有一个独立的加热装置，仅将其用来单独加热容器(1)的内侧或侧壁，且也能够对加料装置(10)和/或其输入管或储存容器进行单独加热，以便减小所加入的添加剂的粘度，并且提高容器(1)的侧壁上的湿润效果。
18.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，采用施涂抗附着涂层、压上花纹的方法，使得容器(1)的内侧表面成为不可湿润的表面，从而减小可湿润性，或者使得内侧不会被所添加的添加剂所湿润。
19.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，配置有多个按照先后排列顺序布置的容器(1)，且加料装置(10)至少被布置在第一个容器(1)之中。
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