CN101366356A - Complex interstitial substance for cyclobalanopsis glauca container raise seedling - Google Patents
Complex interstitial substance for cyclobalanopsis glauca container raise seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN101366356A CN101366356A CNA2008101212204A CN200810121220A CN101366356A CN 101366356 A CN101366356 A CN 101366356A CN A2008101212204 A CNA2008101212204 A CN A2008101212204A CN 200810121220 A CN200810121220 A CN 200810121220A CN 101366356 A CN101366356 A CN 101366356A
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- zinc
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- Y02P60/216—
Abstract
The invention discloses a compounded medium for Cyclobalanopsis glauca container seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of forest seedling cultivation. The medium can be prepared through the following steps: carbonized rice husks, perlite and peat are mixed into a preformed medium according to the volume ratio of 25 to 35:25 to 35:35 to 50; according to that the mixture ratio of nutrient content of N:P2O5:K2O:Fe:Zn is 14 to 16:3 to 5:3 to 5:0.2 to 0.35:0.1 to 0.25, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slightly soluble phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, iron, zinc trace fertilizer which are sold in markets are made into a slow-release slightly soluble compounded fertilizer; and then the fertilizer and the preformed medium are made into the compounded medium in the proportion of 2 to 3 kg:1m<3>. The medium has the advantages that the medium is simple and reasonable in formulation, stable in quality, convenient to get materials, low in cost, lower in peat consumption, sufficient in fertility, long in fertilizer effect, capable of meeting the demand of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings for nutrients, 23 to 33 percent lower than the prior medium formulation in prices and high in cost performance, and can be popularized and applied in the production of Cyclobalanopsis glauca container seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forest seedling growth technical field, relate in particular to a kind of composite matrix that is used for Qinggang container nursery.
Background technology
Qinggang (Cyclobalanopsis glauca) is the evergreen broad-leaved seeds of Fagaceae, it is one of the chief species in moistening evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, east, China subtropics, wide to climate adaptability, anti-drying, less demanding to soil, its bark can be obtained through refining tannin extract, and timber is strong firmly, corrosion resistant, it is edible that kind benevolence can be extracted starch, is the chief species of water conservation forest and soil and water conservation forest.
For a long time, Qinggang afforestation all adopts la to give birth to the land for growing field crops bareroot seedling, and nursery stock is higher, and main root is longer, and fibrous root is few, easily hinders root system and fallen leaves during lifting, directly influences survival rate and growth of young plantations.Container seedling is applied comparatively extensive because nursery stage is short, the planting season is long, specification and system easy to control the quality, root system advantages such as easy damaged, nursery stock little moisture loss, survival rate height, no seedling-slowing stage not when saving seed, lifting in the whole world.
Seedling medium is the important carrier that container seedling grows.Single uses such as matrix peat, perlite, vermiculite, river sand, humus soil, baked wheaten cake soil, yellow soil, wood chip, shell respectively have quality at aspects such as unit weight, porosity, WGRs, are difficult to coordinate.With present development and present Research, one of development trend of relevant Qinggang container nursery, mainly be based on humus soil, burn soil, yellow soil, river sand, and add some wood sawdusts, shell etc. as matrix, this type of majority belongs to half light ground mass, weight is heavier, and inconvenience transportation, mechanically actuated increase cost of forestation; Another trend be based on quality evacuate, lighter peat soil, perlite, vermiculite; through a certain proportion of mixing; the light ground mass of preparation; the physical behavior of the fine solution matrix of energy; but because raw material, the cost of transportation of matrix such as peat are higher, and peat is a kind of non-renewable resources, from protection with rationally utilize the mineral resources viewpoint to consider; be unfavorable for environmental requirement, therefore limited the development of container seedling.And above-mentioned two types composite interstitial substance all has the nutrient deficiency, and the problem that fertilizer efficiency is short all need repeatedly be topdressed in seedling stage, could guarantee the normal growth in seedling stage.
The present forest seedling growth of China uses single nitrogenous fertilizer mostly or only contains the composite fertilizer or the compound fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer on fertilizer uses.Above-mentioned fertilizer nutrient component is single, uses the back and decomposes comparatively fast, have only on a small quantity to be absorbed by crop, therefore, in seedling raising process from early stage base fertilizer to manuring late, have to repeatedly apply, waste time and energy, increase cost.
According to plant nutrition dynamics and nutrient balance theory principle, plant growing needs macroelement and trace element, under the situation that proportionate relationship is coordinated, helps growth and development of plant.Relevant studies have shown that, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer can improve amount of growth, the survival rate of Qinggang nursery stock significantly, increase chlorophyll content, promote protein synthesis, and promote shoot root to grow.Qinggang different times N, P, K content and the height of tree, leading thread growth all are proportionate.N is a necessary macroelement in the growth and development process of Qinggang, and N fertilizer can effectively promote the overground part dry-matter accumulation, plays significant effects for the growth of height of seedling, leading thread, and growth plays an important role the P constituent content for Qinggang height of seedling; Growth plays an important role for Qinggang leading thread for trace element Fe, Zn, is proportionate with the leading thread growth.
According to Qinggang container seedling seedling growth rule, behind the 30d of emerging, at seedling growth in earlier stage, need N fertilizer, to promote high growth, behind the 40d of especially emerging, enter speed and give birth to the phase; (120-180d in seedling stage) more P, K fertilizer of needing promotes the growth of nursery stock lignification, leading thread at later stages.Studies show that it is nitrogen (N) 35mg that the growth in 180 days of every strain Qinggang nursery stock needs to draw nutrient from soil, phosphorus (P
2O
5) 8mg, potassium oxide (K
2O) 8mg.
In view of above some, develop economical and practical light-duty, environmental protection, and the desired nutritional material supplies with balanced proportion, Qinggang special container seedling medium that fertilizer efficiency is lasting, the production of the container seedling in Qinggang, apply important effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, the resource that exists at existing forest container nursery matrix is few, cost is high, contained nutrient component is low and incomplete defective, according to Qinggang container seedling nutrient uptake feature and the growing-seedling period (5-6 month) in seedling stage, a kind of renewable resources that makes full use of is provided, reduce the consumption of peat soil largely, physicochemical property is estimated, every indication range is suitable, cost is lower, the nutritive element content eurythmy, nutrition supply abundance, fertilizer efficiency are long, help nursery stock to grow fast, are exclusively used in the composite matrix of light-duty, the environmental protection of Qinggang container nursery.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of composite matrix that is used for Qinggang container nursery, this matrix can by earlier with charing rice hulls, perlite and peat by volume 25-35%: 25-35%: 35-50% be mixed into prefabricated matrix; Again at the nutrient uptake feature in Qinggang,, press the content N:P of nutrient with commercially available slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and sl. sol. phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and iron, the little fertilizer of zinc
2O
5: K
2O:Fe:Zn=14-16: 3-5: 3-5: 0.2-0.35: the 0.1-0.25 proportioning is mixed with the sl. sol. composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing; After sl. sol. composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing and prefabricated matrix are pressed 2-3kg: 1m
3Ratio is made composite matrix and is obtained through mixing, stirring.
Described slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is urea aldehyde nitrogen (organic ureaformaldehyde nitrogen).
Described slightly soluble phosphate fertilizer is any one in MAP, diammonium phosphate or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Described slightly soluble potash fertilizer is any one in potassium dihydrogen phosphate or the potassium sulphate.
The little fertilizer of described slightly soluble iron is ammonium phosphate iron.
The little fertilizer of described slightly soluble zinc is any one in zinc chloride, zinc carbonate or the ammonium phosphate zinc.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, simple, reasonable, the steady quality of the composite matrix formulations of the present invention is drawn materials conveniently, is main component with the agriculture and forestry organic waste material; both helped reducing environmental pollution; can reduce the matrix cost again, greatly reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources peat, alleviate the contradiction of the utilization of resources and environmental protection.Characteristics such as clear and definite through testing, the composite matrix tool of the present invention quality is light, loose, gas permeability is strong, and voidage is stable, and suction, water holding capacity are strong, and nutrient preserving capability is good (see Table 1, table 2);
Two, the composite matrix of the present invention is on prefabricated matrix basis, nutrient uptake feature at Qinggang, adding the composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble in proportion is prepared from, each elemental substance content ratio is coordinated, fertility foot, fertilizer efficiency length, stable, be able to continuously supply, satisfy Qinggang plant at whole nursery stage to nutrient demand, guarantee the normal growth of seedling, it is sturdy to cultivate stem, well developed root system, and growing way is vigorous, plant forms, Evaluation of physiological index height, the high-quality nursery stock that survival rate is high, (see Table 4, table 5) lays the foundation for producing high-quality Qinggang container seedling;
Three, the composite matrix of the present invention makes full use of charing rice hulls agriculture and forestry organic waste material resource, production cost is low, its price is than the low 33-42% of pure peat growing medium, than the low 23-33% (seeing Table 3) of traditional matrix formulations (peat soil 70%+ perlite 30%), result of use is good, cost performance is high, is convenient to apply on producing.
Embodiment
By following specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited by following content.
Explanation to described material:
Base starting material: rice hulls; Peat, perlite are selected the commercial goods;
Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer: for urea aldehyde nitrogen (organic ureaformaldehyde nitrogen) (N38%), Shanghai Dayang Ecological Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd.;
Slightly soluble phosphate fertilizer: (N 12%, P for MAP
2O
548%) Anda, Shifang chemical industry Co., Ltd; (N 16%, P for diammonium phosphate
2O
548%) Anda, Shifang chemical industry Co., Ltd; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (K
2O 33%, P
2O
550%) Anda, Shifang chemical industry Co., Ltd;
Slightly soluble potash fertilizer: be potassium dihydrogen phosphate (K
2O33%, P
2O
550%) Anda, Shifang chemical industry Co., Ltd.Potassium sulphate (K
2O50%), the vast and boundless chemical industry in east, Hebei Co., Ltd;
The little fertilizer of slightly soluble iron: (Fe24%, N 9%, P for ammonium phosphate iron
2O
540%) south wind chemical industry group;
The little fertilizer of slightly soluble zinc: be zinc chloride (Zn47%) Xingtai City China permanent zinc industry Co., Ltd; Zinc carbonate (Zn19%), Shijiazhuang have zinc industry Co., Ltd greatly; (Zn22%, N 9%, P for ammonium phosphate zinc
2O
538%) south wind chemical industry group;
The preparation 1 of the composite matrix of embodiment 1:(Qinggang container nursery)
The preparation of this composite matrix is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) charing of rice hulls is handled: the coniform cooking stove that encloses internal diameter 150cm, a high 80cm on the ground with brick, leave the 1-2cm space between the kitchen range brick, the iron pipe of getting an about 10-12cm of internal diameter tiltedly is placed in the cooking stove, the brick that it is high-end to lean against cooking stove top is along last and stretch out outside the cooking stove wall, and low side stretches out from the kitchen range mouth and leans against on the ground; With firewood cooking stove is filled earlier, when the intensity of a fire burnt maximum, in the cooking stove diameter, the iron sheet that evenly is covered with about 1.5cm aperture on it covered on cooking stove with a slightly larger in diameter; The rice hulls gradation of again that local agricultural production is discarded drying is poured on this iron sheet lid and the cooking stove wall outside, until piling cone shape; The rice hulls quantity of stacking should just cover cooking stove completely and can not see till the brick for the first time; When finding that will burn black place with an amount of rice hulls more immediately after somewhere rice hulls burning is deceived covers, so repeatedly, the rice hulls inside heap all charing becomes black, and only remaining out-pile table one deck still is the rice hulls of not charing; Finish after the charing earlier with the surface not the rice hulls of charing scrape off, thoroughly the rice hulls of cooking stove and charing is put out by water with clear water immediately then, and repeatedly the waterside is watered on the rice hulls limit of charing and stir, with the alkaline matter that generates after the flush away charing, make rice hulls be neutrality; Then pulverize, sieve (Φ=5mm) the charing rice hulls, standby;
(2) peat, perlite preliminary treatment: through dry, pulverize, sterilize, sieve (Φ=5mm), standby;
(3) preparation of prefabricated matrix: by volume 25%: 29%: 46% ratio of charing rice hulls, perlite and peat with step (1), (2) is mixed into prefabricated matrix;
(4) preparation of the composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble:, press the content N:P of nutrient with commercially available slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and sl. sol. phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and iron, the little fertilizer of zinc
2O
5: K
2O:Fe:Zn=16: 3: 4: 0.2: 0.25 proportioning, the concrete composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble can be by urea aldehyde nitrogen 803g, MAP 111g, potassium sulphate 160g, ammonium phosphate iron 17g and zinc carbonate 26g through mixing, mixing thoroughly, are mixed with the sl. sol. composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing;
(5) preparation of composite matrix: composite fertilizer of step (4) slowly-releasing and the prefabricated matrix of step (3) are pressed 2kg: 1m
3Ratio is mixed, is stirred, be used for the composite matrix of Qinggang container nursery.
The preparation 2 of the composite matrix of embodiment 2:(Qinggang container nursery)
The proportioning of the prefabricated matrix of this example is: charing rice hulls 29%, perlite 33%, peat 38%; The proportioning of the composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble is: commercially available slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and sl. sol. phosphorus, potash fertilizer and iron, the little fertilizer of zinc, press the content N:P of nutrient
2O
5: K
2O:Fe:Zn=15: 4: 5: 0.3: 0.2 proportioning, the concrete composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble can be by urea aldehyde nitrogen 722g, diammonium phosphate 145g, potassium sulphate 200g, ammonium phosphate iron 25g and zinc carbonate 21g; The proportioning of composite matrix is: composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing and prefabricated matrix are pressed 2.5kg: 1m
3Ratio is mixed; Preparation technology, method are with embodiment 1.
The preparation 3 of the composite matrix of embodiment 3:(Qinggang container nursery)
The proportioning of the prefabricated matrix of this example is: charing rice hulls 35%, perlite 27%, peat 38%; The proportioning of the composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble is: commercially available slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and sl. sol. phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and iron, the little fertilizer of zinc, press the content N:P of nutrient
2O
5: K
2O:Fe:Zn=14: 5: 3: 0.35: 0.1 proportioning, the concrete composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing slightly soluble can be by urea aldehyde nitrogen 672g, MAP 184g, potassium sulphate 120g, ammonium phosphate iron 29g and zinc carbonate 11g; The proportioning of composite matrix is that composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing and prefabricated matrix are pressed 3kg: 1m
3Ratio is mixed; Preparation technology, method are with embodiment 1.
Explanation to following experimental example 1,2,3 and 4:
Participate in the experiment matrix: embodiment 1 formulation media, conventional formulation matrix (peat 70%+ perlite 30%) and single peat or pearlite interstitial substance;
The physical behavior of experimental example 1:(different substrates, chemical index comparative trial)
Its unit weight of the composite matrix of the present invention is 0.23-0.25g/cm
3Quality is light, loose, total porosity is 80-90%, harmony is good, capillary moisture capacity is that 295-315%, maximum water-holding capacity are that 345-365%, least water-holding capacity are 250-270%, water conservation, nutrient preserving capability can be better, compared with the control, show as lighter, porosity and water-holding capacity bigger (seeing Table 1); Its content of organic matter of the composite matrix of the present invention is 32-34%, full P
2O
5Be 0.22-0.29%, full K
2O is that 0.22-0.29%, full N are that 1.15-1.35%, trace element are 0.15-0.25%, and PH5.1-5.3 is a faintly acid, and compared with the control, organic content increases, total N, total P constituent content higher (seeing Table 2).
The physical behavior contrast of table 1 different substrates
The chemical property contrast of table 2 different substrates
The price contrast of experimental example 3:(different substrates)
Be as the criterion with the local market price, the cost budgeting of each matrix components following (seeing Table 3), substrate products price of the present invention is 139-160 unit/m
3, than the low 33-42% of pure peat growing medium, than the low 23-33% of traditional matrix formulations (peat soil 70%+ perlite 30%).Make full use of the production that is used for Qinggang container nursery matrix of charing rice hulls preparation, can alleviate the working pressure of peat to a great extent, effectively utilized the rice hulls resource simultaneously.The result shows, composite interstitial substance of the present invention, and production cost is low, and the cost performance height is for of the present invention applying laid a good foundation.
The price contrast of table 3 different substrates
Experimental example 4:(different substrates is to the effect comparative trial of Qinggang container nursery)
In sowing on 03 09th, 2006, April 10, the bud seedling moved in the material mesh bag container, in mid-October, 2006 investigation, the correlation index of different substrates Qinggang container seedling (see Table 4, table 5), compared with the control, matrix of the present invention all contrasts the tool remarkable advantages in many-sides such as height of seedling, leading thread and individual plant dry matter, underground part dry weight, ratio of height to diameter, root system vigor, and the performance figure evaluation is more excellent.
The comprehensive evaluation index of table 4 different substrates Qinggang container nursery form in seedling stage
Table 5 different substrates Qinggang container nursery physiology in seedling stage evaluation index
Claims (6)
1. composite matrix that is used for Qinggang container nursery is characterized in that: this matrix can by earlier with charing rice hulls, perlite and peat by volume 25-35%: 25-35%: 35-50% be mixed into prefabricated matrix; Again at the nutrient uptake feature in Qinggang,, press nutrient content N:P with commercially available slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and sl. sol. phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and iron, the little fertilizer of zinc
2O
5: K
2O:Fe:Zn=14-16: 3-5: 3-5: 0.2-0.35: the 0.1-0.25 proportioning is mixed with the sl. sol. composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing; After sl. sol. composite fertilizer of slowly-releasing and prefabricated matrix are pressed 2-3kg: 1m
3Ratio is made composite matrix and is obtained through mixing, stirring.
2. by the described composite matrix of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is a urea aldehyde nitrogen.
3. by the described composite matrix of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described slightly soluble phosphate fertilizer is any one in MAP, diammonium phosphate or the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. by the described composite matrix of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described slightly soluble potash fertilizer is a kind of in potassium dihydrogen phosphate or the potassium sulphate.
5. by the described composite matrix of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the little fertilizer of described slightly soluble iron is ammonium phosphate iron.
6. by the described composite matrix of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the little fertilizer of described slightly soluble zinc is any one in zinc chloride, zinc carbonate or the ammonium phosphate zinc.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101212204A CN101366356A (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Complex interstitial substance for cyclobalanopsis glauca container raise seedling |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101212204A CN101366356A (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Complex interstitial substance for cyclobalanopsis glauca container raise seedling |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102351594A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-02-15 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Soilless culture matrix for castanopsis fissa container seedling, and preparation method of soilless culture matrix |
| CN102550378A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-11 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Medium formula of light medium seedling for Camellia oleifera Abel. |
| CN103238450A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏绿苑园林建设有限公司 | High-stem forsythia koreana sun gold cultivation method |
| CN103329663A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-02 | 江苏汤氏园林有限公司 | Planting method of oriental white oak |
| CN104086315A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-10-08 | 黄振忠 | Nutrient soil for growing seedlings of guangxi green plum in nutrient cup and preparation method of nutrient soil |
| CN104429860A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Seedling culturing substrate slow in nutrition release |
| CN104557309A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-04-29 | 黄振忠 | Nutrient soil for culturing seedlings of cinnamon in nutritious cup and preparation method of nutrient soil |
| WO2016094462A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-16 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Urea fertilizer compositions comprising rice hulls and methods of use |
| CN112449965A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-09 | 南宁市陆卢芳樟种植专业合作社 | Container seedling raising method for camphor trees |
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| CN102351594A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-02-15 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Soilless culture matrix for castanopsis fissa container seedling, and preparation method of soilless culture matrix |
| CN102550378A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-11 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | Medium formula of light medium seedling for Camellia oleifera Abel. |
| CN103238450A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏绿苑园林建设有限公司 | High-stem forsythia koreana sun gold cultivation method |
| CN103329663B (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2015-07-22 | 江苏汤氏园林有限公司 | Planting method of oriental white oak |
| CN103329663A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-02 | 江苏汤氏园林有限公司 | Planting method of oriental white oak |
| CN104086315A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-10-08 | 黄振忠 | Nutrient soil for growing seedlings of guangxi green plum in nutrient cup and preparation method of nutrient soil |
| US9663412B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2017-05-30 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Urea fertilizer compositions comprising rice hulls and methods of use |
| WO2016094462A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-16 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Urea fertilizer compositions comprising rice hulls and methods of use |
| US10822290B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2020-11-03 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Urea fertilizer compositions comprising rice hulls and methods of use |
| CN104429860A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 五洲丰农业科技有限公司 | Seedling culturing substrate slow in nutrition release |
| CN104557309A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-04-29 | 黄振忠 | Nutrient soil for culturing seedlings of cinnamon in nutritious cup and preparation method of nutrient soil |
| CN113767833A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-10 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Slope growth substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN112449965A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-09 | 南宁市陆卢芳樟种植专业合作社 | Container seedling raising method for camphor trees |
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Open date: 20090218 |