CN112449965A - Container seedling raising method for camphor trees - Google Patents
Container seedling raising method for camphor trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN112449965A CN112449965A CN202011243737.8A CN202011243737A CN112449965A CN 112449965 A CN112449965 A CN 112449965A CN 202011243737 A CN202011243737 A CN 202011243737A CN 112449965 A CN112449965 A CN 112449965A
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- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008653 root damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000218195 Lauraceae Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a camphor tree container seedling raising method, and belongs to the technical field of garden seedling raising. The invention adopts the selected container to carry out seedling culture, and the prepared substrate is used for cultivating the camphor tree seedlings, thereby improving the quality of the tree seedlings, solving the problem of low quality of finished camphor tree seedlings, having the advantages of original soil, no root damage, high transplanting survival rate, solving the problem of low survival rate of the camphor tree seedlings, improving the economic benefit of enterprises and having positive popularization significance.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of garden seedling cultivation, in particular to a camphor tree container seedling cultivation method.
[ background of the invention ]
Cinnamomum camphora (Linn) Presl) is a kind of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved tree belonging to Lauraceae family, and belonging to Lauraceae family. The camphor tree is a good tree species which is a street tree, a shade tree, a landscape forest, a windproof forest and a sound-proof forest belt, and has the advantages of strong tree form, evergreen four seasons, large tree crown, luxuriant branches and leaves and fragrance; the camphor trees have high postures, have the effects of beautifying the environment, purifying the air, preventing sand and fixing dust and the like, have good resistance to toxic and harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorine and the like, and are also used as greening trees in factories; the unique smell carried by the cinnamomum camphora has a certain dispelling effect on mosquitoes and the like, and the cinnamomum camphora is an important environment-friendly tree species with few plant diseases and insect pests in growing seasons.
The cinnamomum camphora is an important economic tree species in China, a long cultivation history exists in China, the problem that the cinnamomum camphora seedlings planted firstly solve the problem that the cinnamomum camphora seedlings have strict requirements on land and climate, low survival rate, poor quality and low quality of finished trees, and the problem that the cinnamomum camphora seedlings cannot grow quickly due to improper transplantation and root injury in bare-root cultivation.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problems that the survival rate of camphor tree seedlings is low, the camphor tree seedlings are easy to suffer from diseases, the quality of finished trees is not high, the camphor trees are damaged due to improper transplantation and the like at present, and provides a container seedling raising method for camphor trees, which is strong in operability and high in camphor tree seedling quality.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions;
a camphor tree container seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a nursery site, selecting a seedling culture container, preparing a matrix, carrying out container seedling culture method, managing seedling stage and outplanting container seedlings;
(1) selecting one of a soft plastic container with the thickness of 0.02-0.06 mm, a container which is made of hard plastic and is provided with a drain hole at the bottom and is hexagonal, square or conical, a foam hole basin, a plastic hole basin and a light matrix mesh bag made of polyethylene or polypropylene as the camphor tree seedling container;
(2) preparing the substrate, namely preparing 30-50% of peat, 30-40% of yellow core soil, 10-20% of sawdust and 10-20% of organic fertilizer, or preparing 20-25% of decomposed compost 20-25% of one or two of humus soil, uncultivated mountain land soil, loess, burnt soil and peat bog soil in forest land, wherein one or two of fine sand soil, vermiculite, perlite or broken rice hulls accounts for 50-60%;
(3) the container seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps: seed screening, seed storage, seed disinfection, seed germination acceleration and sowing.
Preferably, the nursery site is a greenhouse or a greenhouse, or a semi-shaded slope with flat terrain, convenient essence, smooth drainage and good illumination condition is selected in the field; the garden is required to be tidied and a drainage ditch is required to be dug, so that the internal water is not accumulated and the external water is not flooded.
Preferably, the seedling raising container in the step (1) is specially a nutrition cup with the specification of 12 x 12cm or 14 x 14 cm.
Preferably, a proper amount of base fertilizer must be added into the substrate in the step (2), wherein the base fertilizer is fermented by composting and fully decomposed animal manure, compost, cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and is phosphoric acid fertilizer and compound fertilizer; when preparing the matrix, the pH value is preferably controlled to be 5.5-6.5; the prepared matrix needs to be strictly disinfected, and common disinfectant is formalin, ferrous sulfate zineb, phoxim and the like.
Preferably, the seed screening in the step (3) selects excellent seeds; the river sand with the water holding capacity of 60% and the seeds are mixed according to the ratio of 2:1 or 3:1 and then are stacked indoors or stored in pits.
Preferably, the seed disinfection in the step (3) is carried out by using one or more of potassium permanganate, ferrous sulfate and sterile; the sowing time is 1-2 months.
Preferably, the sowing in the step (3) is performed by one or more methods of direct container sowing, bud seedling transplanting and seedling transplanting.
Preferably, the seedling management comprises the following steps: shading, topdressing, watering, weeding, removing diseased seedlings and supplementing seedlings; the topdressing starts before the fast-growing period, the fast-growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is stopped in the later growth period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock; the top dressing is preferably carried out in the evening, the fertilizer is strictly applied at high temperature in the noon, and the leaves of the seedlings are flushed with clear water in time after the top dressing.
Preferably, the container seedlings need to be graded according to the grading of annual cinnamomum camphora container seedlings, the container seedlings are randomly sampled, the samples are checked plant by plant, and when the number of qualified seedlings is more than 95%, the seedlings in the batch are qualified seedlings.
Preferably, the test method comprises: seedling height: measuring the length from the ground diameter along the seedling stem to the base of the terminal bud by using a measuring tape, wherein the ground diameter is as follows: measuring the thickness of the soil mark at the basal part of the seedling stem by using a vernier caliper, and carrying out terminal bud measurement: visual inspection of the plump degree of terminal buds, diseases and pests: visual inspection of the pest and disease conditions of the nursery stock; and judging that one of the same strains is unqualified.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the address suitable for the growth of the camphor tree seedlings as the nursery garden, meets the harsh requirements of the camphor tree seedlings on the land and the climate, has high survival rate, healthy growth of the camphor tree seedlings in a good environment and excellent quality, meets the requirements on fertilization, watering and the like of the camphor tree seedlings, ensures the quality of the finished camphor tree trees, has simple transplantation, carries original soil during transplantation, ensures that the camphor tree seedlings can quickly adapt to a new environment, does not damage the roots, has high transplantation survival rate, can quickly grow after transplantation, can meet the requirement of quickly building a finished high-yield forest, and has positive popularization significance.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following provides a detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention, and these examples belong to the protection scope of the present invention, but do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A camphor tree container seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a nursery site, selecting a seedling culture container, preparing a matrix, carrying out container seedling culture method, managing seedling stage and outplanting container seedlings;
selecting a greenhouse as a nursery site selection, removing weeds and stones around a nursery land to level the ground, and digging drainage ditches around the nursery land;
selecting a light matrix mesh bag made of polyethylene as a camphor tree seedling raising container, wherein the specification is 14 multiplied by 14 cm;
preparing a matrix by 40% of peat, 30% of yellow core soil, 20% of sawdust and 10% of organic fertilizer; mixing the prepared substrate, adding a proper amount of base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is stable manure, compost, cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer which are fully decomposed after composting fermentation, and controlling the pH value to be 5.5-6.5; then formalin is used for disinfecting the matrix;
selecting high-quality camphor tree seeds, mixing the camphor tree seeds with river sand with the water holding capacity of 60% according to the ratio of 2:1, stacking the camphor tree seeds indoors, disinfecting the camphor tree seeds by using potassium permanganate 1 month in the next year, intermittently soaking the camphor tree seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 3 times of germination acceleration after disinfection, taking out the camphor tree seeds for sowing when seed shells start to crack and embryo slightly protrude, and sowing the camphor tree seeds in the shade;
in the direct sowing mode by using a container, a matrix is wetted before sowing, seeds are sown in the center of the container, the thickness of covering soil is 2 times of the diameter of the seeds, watering is carried out after the covering soil is carried out, and the matrix is kept moist during the period from sowing to seedling emergence;
the camphor trees growing into seedlings need to be nursed, including shading, topdressing, watering, weeding, removing diseased seedlings and replenishing seedlings; the top dressing starts before the fast growing period, the fast growing period mainly uses nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is stopped to be used in the later growth period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock; topdressing is carried out in the evening, and the leaves of the seedlings are washed by clear water in time after topdressing;
grading according to conventional annual cinnamomum camphora container seedling grading; measuring the length from the ground diameter to the base part of the terminal bud along the seedling stem by using a measuring tape, measuring the thickness of a soil mark at the base part of the seedling stem by using a vernier caliper, and visually observing the plump degree of the terminal bud and the pest and disease damage condition of the seedling; randomly sampling camphor tree seedlings, testing the sampled sample seedlings one by one, judging that one seedling is unqualified in the same strain is unqualified, calculating the number of qualified seedlings and the number of unqualified seedlings in the sample according to a test result, and when the number of qualified seedlings is more than 95%, judging that the batch of seedlings are qualified seedlings, otherwise, judging that the batch of seedlings are unqualified seedlings.
Example 2
A camphor tree container seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a nursery site, selecting a seedling culture container, preparing a matrix, carrying out container seedling culture method, managing seedling stage and outplanting container seedlings;
selecting a greenhouse as a nursery site selection, removing weeds and stones around a nursery land to level the ground, and digging drainage ditches around the nursery land;
selecting a light matrix mesh bag made of polyethylene as a camphor tree seedling raising container, wherein the specification is 14 multiplied by 14 cm;
preparing a substrate by 35% of peat, 35% of yellow core soil, 19% of sawdust and 11% of organic fertilizer; mixing the prepared substrate, adding a proper amount of base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is stable manure, compost, cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer which are fully decomposed after composting fermentation, and controlling the pH value to be 5.5-6.5; then formalin is used for disinfecting the matrix;
selecting high-quality camphor tree seeds, mixing the camphor tree seeds with river sand with the water holding capacity of 60% according to the ratio of 3:1, stacking the camphor tree seeds indoors, disinfecting the camphor tree seeds by using potassium permanganate 2 months in the next year, intermittently soaking the camphor tree seeds by using warm water at 50 ℃ for 2 times of germination acceleration after disinfection, taking out the camphor tree seeds for sowing when seed shells start to crack and embryo slightly bulge, and sowing the camphor tree seeds in the shade;
in the direct sowing mode by using a container, a matrix is wetted before sowing, seeds are sown in the center of the container, the thickness of covering soil is 2.5 times of the diameter of the seeds, watering is carried out immediately after covering soil, and the matrix is kept wet during the period from sowing to seedling emergence;
the camphor trees growing into seedlings need to be nursed, including shading, topdressing, watering, weeding, removing diseased seedlings and replenishing seedlings; the top dressing starts before the fast growing period, the fast growing period mainly uses nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is stopped to be used in the later growth period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock; topdressing is carried out in the evening, and the leaves of the seedlings are washed by clear water in time after topdressing;
grading according to conventional annual cinnamomum camphora container seedling grading; measuring the length from the ground diameter to the base part of the terminal bud along the seedling stem by using a measuring tape, measuring the thickness of a soil mark at the base part of the seedling stem by using a vernier caliper, and visually observing the plump degree of the terminal bud and the pest and disease damage condition of the seedling; randomly sampling camphor tree seedlings, testing the sampled sample seedlings one by one, judging that one seedling is unqualified in the same strain is unqualified, calculating the number of qualified seedlings and the number of unqualified seedlings in the sample according to a test result, and when the number of qualified seedlings is more than 95%, judging that the batch of seedlings are qualified seedlings, otherwise, judging that the batch of seedlings are unqualified seedlings.
Example 3
A camphor tree container seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a nursery site, selecting a seedling culture container, preparing a matrix, carrying out container seedling culture method, managing seedling stage and outplanting container seedlings;
selecting a greenhouse as a nursery site selection, removing weeds and stones around a nursery land to level the ground, and digging drainage ditches around the nursery land;
selecting a light matrix mesh bag made of polyethylene as a camphor tree seedling raising container, wherein the specification is 14 multiplied by 14 cm;
preparing a substrate by using 35% of peat, 40% of yellow core soil, 15% of sawdust and 10% of organic fertilizer; mixing the prepared substrate, adding a proper amount of base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is stable manure, compost, cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer which are fully decomposed after composting fermentation, and controlling the pH value to be 5.5-6.5; then formalin is used for disinfecting the matrix;
selecting high-quality camphor tree seeds, mixing the camphor tree seeds with river sand with the water holding capacity of 60% according to the ratio of 2:1, stacking the camphor tree seeds indoors, disinfecting the camphor tree seeds by using potassium permanganate 2 months in the next year, intermittently soaking the camphor tree seeds by using warm water at 50 ℃ for 2 times of germination acceleration after disinfection, taking out the camphor tree seeds for sowing when seed shells start to crack and embryo slightly bulge, and sowing the camphor tree seeds in the shade;
in the direct sowing mode by using a container, a matrix is wetted before sowing, seeds are sown in the center of the container, the thickness of covering soil is 2 times of the diameter of the seeds, watering is carried out after the covering soil is carried out, and the matrix is kept moist during the period from sowing to seedling emergence;
the camphor trees growing into seedlings need to be nursed, including shading, topdressing, watering, weeding, removing diseased seedlings and replenishing seedlings; the top dressing starts before the fast growing period, the fast growing period mainly uses nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is stopped to be used in the later growth period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock; topdressing is carried out in the evening, and the leaves of the seedlings are washed by clear water in time after topdressing;
grading according to conventional annual cinnamomum camphora container seedling grading; measuring the length from the ground diameter to the base part of the terminal bud along the seedling stem by using a measuring tape, measuring the thickness of a soil mark at the base part of the seedling stem by using a vernier caliper, and visually observing the plump degree of the terminal bud and the pest and disease damage condition of the seedling; randomly sampling camphor tree seedlings, testing the sampled sample seedlings one by one, judging that one seedling is unqualified in the same strain is unqualified, calculating the number of qualified seedlings and the number of unqualified seedlings in the sample according to a test result, and when the number of qualified seedlings is more than 95%, judging that the batch of seedlings are qualified seedlings, otherwise, judging that the batch of seedlings are unqualified seedlings.
Comparative example 1
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: this example was formulated without peat in the media.
Comparative example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: the substrate formulated in this example had no sawdust.
Comparative example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: the base formulated in this example did not have a yellow core soil.
Comparative example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: the substrate prepared in this example has no organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: the substrate prepared in this example is free of peat, yellow core soil, sawdust and organic fertilizer.
The number of qualified seedlings was checked by the predetermined checking method in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the checking results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: the invention relates to a camphor tree container seedling verification result
| Item | Number of qualified seedlings of cinnamomum camphora |
| Example 1 | 98.3％ |
| Example 2 | 98.5％ |
| Example 3 | 98.9％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 92.1％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 90.9％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 94.3％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 87.5％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 60.2％ |
From table 1 above, it can be seen that: as can be seen from the data of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5, the number of qualified seedlings of the matrix cinnamomum camphora seedlings prepared in the examples 1-3 is obviously increased; this may be the result of the synergistic effect of peat, yellow core soil, sawdust and organic fertilizer. Peat and sawdust make up for the lack of organic matters required by plant growth in the matrix, and the camphor tree seedlings can overcome the harsh requirements on the land when obtaining sufficient nutrition; the planting method is carried out under a greenhouse, the temperature can be artificially controlled, and the requirement of the camphor tree seedlings on the climate is met to a certain extent.
The invention carefully nurses the camphor tree seedlings in the growing period, reduces the damage of the camphor tree by diseases and insect pests, achieves the camphor tree seedlings qualified through inspection to be more than 98.3 percent, and has great popularization significance.
The above-described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the invention, as various modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A camphor tree container seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a nursery site, selecting a seedling culture container, preparing a matrix, carrying out container seedling culture method, managing seedling stage and outplanting container seedlings;
(1) selecting one of a soft plastic container with the thickness of 0.02-0.06 mm, a container which is made of hard plastic and is provided with a drain hole at the bottom and is hexagonal, square or conical, a foam hole basin, a plastic hole basin and a light matrix mesh bag made of polyethylene or polypropylene as the camphor tree seedling container;
(2) preparing the substrate, namely preparing 30-50% of peat, 30-40% of yellow core soil, 10-20% of sawdust and 10-20% of organic fertilizer, or preparing 20-25% of decomposed compost 20-25% of one or two of humus soil, uncultivated mountain land soil, loess, burnt soil and peat bog soil in forest land, wherein one or two of fine sand soil, vermiculite, perlite or broken rice hulls accounts for 50-60%;
(3) the container seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps: seed screening, seed storage, seed disinfection, seed germination acceleration and sowing.
2. The container nursery method for Cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the nursery site is selected from greenhouse or greenhouse, or field selected semi-negative slope with flat terrain, convenient essence, smooth drainage and good illumination condition; the garden is required to be tidied and a drainage ditch is required to be dug, so that the internal water is not accumulated and the external water is not flooded.
3. The container nursery method for cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the container nursery in step (1) is a nutrition cup with a size of 12 x 12cm or 14 x 14 cm.
4. The container nursery method of Cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein a proper amount of base fertilizer must be added into the substrate in step (2), wherein the base fertilizer is composted manure, fully decomposed manure, compost, cake fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer; when preparing the matrix, the pH value is preferably controlled to be 5.5-6.5; the prepared matrix needs to be strictly disinfected, and common disinfectant is formalin, ferrous sulfate zineb, phoxim and the like.
5. The container nursery method for cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the seed screening of step (3) selects good seeds; the river sand with the water holding capacity of 60% and the seeds are mixed according to the ratio of 2:1 or 3:1 and then are stacked indoors or stored in pits.
6. The container nursery method for cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the seed disinfection of step (3) is performed using one or more of potassium permanganate, ferrous sulfate, and BACTERIA; the sowing time is 1-2 months.
7. The container nursery method for cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the seeding in step (3) is performed by one or more of direct container seeding, sprout transplantation and seedling transplantation.
8. The container nursery method for cinnamomum camphora according to claim 1, wherein the seedling management comprises the following steps: shading, topdressing, watering, weeding, removing diseased seedlings and supplementing seedlings; the topdressing starts before the fast-growing period, the fast-growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is stopped in the later growth period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock; the top dressing is preferably carried out in the evening, the fertilizer is strictly applied at high temperature in the noon, and the leaves of the seedlings are flushed with clear water in time after the top dressing.
9. The camphor tree container seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the container seedlings need to be classified according to annual camphor tree container seedlings, randomly sampled, and inspected plant by plant, and when the number of qualified seedlings is greater than 95%, the seedlings in the batch are qualified seedlings.
10. The camphor tree container seedling method according to claim 9, wherein the inspection method comprises: seedling height: measuring the length from the ground diameter along the seedling stem to the base of the terminal bud by using a measuring tape, wherein the ground diameter is as follows: measuring the thickness of the soil mark at the basal part of the seedling stem by using a vernier caliper, and carrying out terminal bud measurement: visual inspection of the plump degree of terminal buds, diseases and pests: visual inspection of the pest and disease conditions of the nursery stock; and judging that one of the same strains is unqualified.
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