CN104649825B - A kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of the mushroom bran containing needle mushroom - Google Patents

A kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of the mushroom bran containing needle mushroom Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104649825B
CN104649825B CN201510066293.8A CN201510066293A CN104649825B CN 104649825 B CN104649825 B CN 104649825B CN 201510066293 A CN201510066293 A CN 201510066293A CN 104649825 B CN104649825 B CN 104649825B
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China
Prior art keywords
mushroom
bran
needle mushroom
turf
needle
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CN104649825A (en
Inventor
付立忠
程俊文
李海波
魏海龙
胡传久
贺亮
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Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
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Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrixes of mushroom bran containing needle mushroom, are made of the following component of volume proportion：Needle mushroom mushroom bran：Turf：Rice chaff=2~4：3~5：2~4,1.5~2.5kg/m of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer3；The beneficial effects are mainly as follows：(1) needle mushroom mushroom bran is the waste generated during needle mushroom produces.By needle mushroom mushroom bran it is fermented it is decomposed after be fabricated to nursery stock matrix, both problem of environmental pollution caused by being stacked due to needle mushroom mushroom bran can have been solved, natural resources is preferably utilized again, excellent cultivation matrix is provided for Nursery Stock Industry, while expanded the industrial chain of edible mushroom；(2) while container seedling quality is ensured, using needle mushroom mushroom bran partial alternative turf, the usage amount of turf is made to be reduced to 36 42% from traditional 60%.The reduction of turf usage amount reduces the production cost of container seedling, and need not change the production technology and operating method of container seedling.

Description

A kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of the mushroom bran containing needle mushroom
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrixes of mushroom bran containing needle mushroom.
(2) background technology
Container nursery particularly Light media Container nursery technique is because it is with application rate is small, growing-seedling period is short, convenient for factory Change, effectively extend Afforestation Time and accepted extensively and answered by external forestry developed country the advantages that Afforestation Effects can be significantly improved With.The key of container nursery is matrix.Currently, the matrix used in container nursery, mostly using turf as primary raw material, usage amount is non- Chang great, up to 60% or so.Turf mainly originates in China northeast, by territory restriction and is non-renewable resources, exploitation will cause The exhaustion of the resource, damages environment.
With edible fungus bran partial alternative turf, enable mushroom bran waste utilization, turn waste into wealth, extend mushroom industry Chain；Reduce the usage amount of turf simultaneously, reduce nursery stock seedling cost.Mushroom industry and Nursery Stock Industry are connected, low Carbon cycle.Though mushroom and auricuralia auricular bran did related work as nursery stock base starting material forefathers, mushroom, black fungus are with broad-leaved Trees bits for main culturing raw material, and at present can only single household's manual workshop form cultivation, there is collect range in mushroom bran, Mushroom bran is collected from single household, of high cost, is unfavorable for industrialization.And needle mushroom is straw rotting fungus, mainly based on corncob Culturing raw material is wanted, in addition, needle mushroom factorial praluction is development trend.Needle mushroom is factory produced enterprise and is producing fresh needle mushroom daily Several tons even ten or twenty ton while, also concentrate and generate several tons of even more than ten tons of needle mushroom Waste composts, conducive to factorial praluction Nursery stock matrix.
(3) invention content
The present invention seeks to solve mushroom in the prior art and auricuralia auricular bran to be used as the deficiency of nursery stock base starting material, provide A kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of the mushroom bran containing needle mushroom, and it is formulated and is optimized, the utilization of resources is made to reach maximization.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of mushroom bran containing needle mushroom, is made of the following component of volume proportion：Needle mushroom Mushroom bran：Turf：Rice chaff=2~4：3~5：2~4,1.5~2.5kg/m of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer3；The needle mushroom mushroom bran is planted for needle mushroom Train matrix remaining dead meal after golden mushroom plantation, it is fermented sieving drying processing after as lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix into Point；The golden mushroom plantation matrix quality group is into as follows：Corncob 40~50%, wheat bran 10~20%, cotton seed hulls 8~10%, Rice bran 20~30%, calcium carbonate 0.1~0.3%, lime 0.1~0.5%.
China is big country of mushroom producing, and needle mushroom is one of edible mushroom that China carries out artificial cultivation earliest.Needle mushroom The mode of production to be also traditional-family's manual operations change to automation, batch production, anniversaryization.Acupuncture needle is mushroom industrialized, all at present The production of year metaplasia has spread all over the country many cities and towns, and daily output fresh mushroom is from several tons to ten or twenty ton.The present invention is using needle mushroom dreg as appearance Device seedling nursery base-material, partial alternative turf can not only reduce turf resource consumption, reduce container seedling nursery production cost, and And needle mushroom dreg is recycled, play energy-saving and emission-reduction and realizes the significance of circular economy.
Specific fermentation sieving drying processing method is as follows：Add water into needle mushroom mushroom bran, and being sufficiently stirred makes it finally contain Water is 55~65%, and needle mushroom mushroom bran then is piled high 1.0~1.5m, wide 1.5~1.8m, wide as possible up and down, length Unlimited prismatoid stacking, temperature is raised to 65~75 DEG C in 3~4d windrows after composting, builds heap and carries out first time turning on the 5th day, At this time every one meter or so, venthole is vertically stamped in the both sides of heap, with sharp air exchange, 4~5d is laggard after first time turning Second of turning of row, entire processing procedure turning 4~5 times are generally spaced 3~4d, by 5 turnings.It is decomposed sufficient Needle mushroom mushroom bran is dried to water content no more than 15%, sieving reject after mushroom bran of the grain size more than 0.5cm in proportion with turf, Rice chaff, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are uniformly mixed.
The turf is northeast turf, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sustained slow-release fertilizer, and commodity purchased in market can be used.
The glume of the rice chaff, i.e. paddy, need to pass through 1 year it is decomposed, be used as the rice chaff of thunder bamboo covering it is further preferred that.
Preferably, the golden mushroom plantation matrix quality group is into as follows：Corncob 45%, wheat bran 15%, cotton seed hulls 9.5%th, rice bran 30%, calcium carbonate 0.2%, lime 0.3%.
Preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sustained slow-release fertilizer, total nitrogen content 18%, and available phosphorus content 6% is soluble Potassium content is 12%, fertilizer efficiency 9 months.It is long-acting using the love bass (APEX) of U.S. Xin Pulao (Simplot) company in the present invention Slow-release fertilizer, specification 18-6-12, i.e. total nitrogen content 18%, available phosphorus content 6%, Content of soluble potassium 12%, fertilizer efficiency 9 months.
Preferred four kinds of volume proportions are as follows：
1st, needle mushroom mushroom bran：Turf：Rice chaff=2：3：2, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1.5kg/m3；
2nd, needle mushroom mushroom bran：Turf：Rice chaff=3：4：4, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1.5kg/m3；
3rd, needle mushroom mushroom bran：Turf：Rice chaff=4：5：3, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1.5kg/m3；
4th, needle mushroom mushroom bran：Turf：Rice chaff=2：5：4, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 2.5kg/m3。
Wherein formula 1,2,3 is more suitable for China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), formula 4 It is more suitable for Schima superba (Schima superba Gardn et Champ.) and southerm yew (Taxus Chinensisvar.Marei)。
The beneficial effects are mainly as follows：
1st, needle mushroom mushroom bran is the waste generated during needle mushroom produces.Needle mushroom is factory produced, mushroom bran Yield is even more surprising.By needle mushroom mushroom bran it is fermented it is decomposed after be fabricated to nursery stock matrix, can both solve due to needle mushroom mushroom bran Problem of environmental pollution caused by stacking, and natural resources is preferably utilized, excellent cultivation matrix is provided for Nursery Stock Industry, together The Shi Tuozhan industrial chains of edible mushroom.
2nd, using needle mushroom mushroom bran partial alternative turf, make the usage amount of turf from traditional 60%, it is reduced to 36~ 42%.The reduction of turf usage amount reduces the production cost of container seedling, and need not change production technology and the operation of container seedling Method.
(4) specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in This：
Embodiment 1：
To needle mushroom mushroom bran (golden mushroom plantation with golden mushroom plantation matrix quality group into：Corncob 45%, wheat bran 15%, Cotton seed hulls 9.5%, rice bran 30%, calcium carbonate 0.2%, lime 0.3%) Zhong Jiashui, and being sufficiently stirred makes its final water content be 55~65%, needle mushroom mushroom bran is then piled into high 1.0~1.5m, wide 1.5~1.8m, wide as possible up and down, length is unlimited Prismatoid stacking, temperature is raised to 65~75 DEG C in 3~4d windrows after composting, builds heap and carries out first time turning on the 5th day, often at this time Every one meter or so, venthole is vertically stamped in the both sides of heap, with sharp air exchange, carries out second after first time turning after 4~5d Secondary turning, entire processing procedure turning 4~5 times are spaced 3~4d, by 5 turnings.Decomposed sufficient needle mushroom mushroom bran, To water content no more than 15%, the mushroom bran that grain size is more than 0.5cm is rejected in sieving, spare for drying.
The needle mushroom mushroom bran of abundant fermentation maturity drying sieving, turf (northeast turf), rice chaff (were used as the covering of thunder bamboo The rice chaff of object) by volume 2：3：2, love bass (APEX) sustained slow-release fertilizer 1.5kg/m3, be adequately mixed uniform post-processing into Mesh bag intestines container manually cuts into the material mesh bag container of 8cm × 4.5cm, is then transplanted to China fir sprout in the first tenday period of a month in May after soaking Conventional seedbed system is carried out in Light media mesh bag, late November in the same year measures the height of seedling and ground diameter for investigating China fir container seedling, the results are shown in Table 1 ~2.
Selected seeds：Schima superba (deciduous species), southerm yew (rare tree), China fir (coniferous species).
Embodiment 2：
Needle mushroom mushroom bran, turf, rice chaff by volume 3：4：4, love bass (APEX) sustained slow-release fertilizer presses 1.5kg/m3Amount It takes, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3：
Needle mushroom mushroom bran, turf, rice chaff by volume 4：5：3, love bass (APEX) sustained slow-release fertilizer presses 1.5kg/m3Amount It takes, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4：
Needle mushroom mushroom bran, turf, rice chaff by volume 2：5：4, love bass (APEX) sustained slow-release fertilizer presses 2.5kg/m3Amount It takes, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5 (comparative example 1)：
Needle mushroom mushroom bran, turf, rice chaff by volume 3：5：2, love bass (APEX) sustained slow-release fertilizer presses 2.0kg/m3Amount It takes, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6 (comparative example 2)：
Turf, rice chaff by volume 6：4, love bass (APEX) sustained slow-release fertilizer presses 2.0kg/m3It measures, remaining is the same as real Apply example 1.The formula is existing conventional production formula, as control.
Embodiment 7 (comparative example 3)：
(elegant precious mushroom cultivation matrix quality forms elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran：Cotton seed hulls 30%, bagasse 30%, sawdust 20%, wheat bran 10%th, corn flour 5%；Lime, sugar and appropriate gypsum), turf, rice chaff by volume 4：5：3, like bass (APEX) long-acting slow-release Fertile 1.5kg/m3, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Table 1：Schima superba height of seedling, ground diameter result
Formula Height of seedling (cm) Ground diameter (mm)
Embodiment 1 25.03±1.06 4.27±0.08
Embodiment 2 32.64±2.41 4.43±0.17
Embodiment 3 26.86±3.22 4.04±0.26
Embodiment 4 36.52±1.74 4.69±0.14
Embodiment 5 34.22±1.17 4.61±0.11
Embodiment 6 36.85±1.72 4.57±0.15
Embodiment 7 19.07±1.00 3.63±0.12
Height of seedling：Embodiment 4 is close with compareing (embodiment 6), and is significantly better than elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran (embodiment 7)；Ground diameter：It is real It applies example 4,5 and is more than control (embodiment 6), and be significantly better than elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran (embodiment 7).Optimization formula is embodiment 4.
Table 2：Chinese yew height of seedling, ground diameter result
Formula Height of seedling (cm) Ground diameter (mm)
Embodiment 1 15.36±0.9 2.31±0.12
Embodiment 2 15.48±0.3 2.41±0.08
Embodiment 3 13.90±0.6 2.15±0.03
Embodiment 4 17.87±0.8 2.47±0.16
Embodiment 5 14.92±0.5 2.42±0.06
Embodiment 6 18.20±0.3 2.36±0.12
Embodiment 7 15.70±0.93 2.26±0.07
Height of seedling：Embodiment 4 is close with compareing (embodiment 6), and better than elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran (embodiment 7)；Ground diameter：Embodiment 2nd, it 4 is all higher than compareing, and better than elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran (embodiment 7).Optimization formula is embodiment 4.
Table 3：The high ground diameter result of Chinese Fir Seedling
Formula Height of seedling (cm) Ground diameter (mm)
Embodiment 1 30.63±1.55 4.26±0.10
Embodiment 2 30.54±1.37 4.01±0.12
Embodiment 3 30.57±1.23 4.08±0.08
Embodiment 4 25.36±0.89 3.91±0.12
Embodiment 5 16.50±2.38 2.79±0.15
Embodiment 6 31.00±1.89 4.18±0.06
Embodiment 7 25.97±1.82 4.00±0.17
Height of seedling：Embodiment 1,2,3 is close with compareing (embodiment 6), is above elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran (embodiment 7)；Ground diameter：It is real It applies example 1 and is slightly less than control more than control (embodiment 6) and elegant precious mushroom mushroom bran (embodiment 7), embodiment 2,3.Consider, implement Example 1~3 is preferable, and optimization formula is embodiment 1.
By table 1~3 as it can be seen that the present invention both turned waste into wealth needle mushroom mushroom bran while container seedling seedling quality is ensured, Resource reutilization is obtained, and reduces the usage amount of turf, reduces the cultivation cost of container seedling, before there is preferable application Scape.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of mushroom bran containing needle mushroom, is made of the following component of volume proportion：Golden mushroom Chaff：Turf：Rice chaff=2：5：4,1.5~2.5kg/m of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer3；The needle mushroom mushroom bran is golden mushroom plantation matrix through gold Remaining dead meal after the cultivation of needle mushroom is used as lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix ingredient after fermented sieving drying processing；The gold Needle mushroom cultivation matrix quality composition is as follows：Corncob 45%, wheat bran 15%, cotton seed hulls 9.5%, rice bran 30%, calcium carbonate 0.2%th, lime 0.3%；The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is sustained slow-release fertilizer, and total nitrogen content 18%, available phosphorus content 6% is solvable Property potassium content be 12%, fertilizer efficiency 9 months.
CN201510066293.8A 2015-02-09 2015-02-09 A kind of lightweight container seedling cultivation matrix of the mushroom bran containing needle mushroom Expired - Fee Related CN104649825B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN104987212A (en) * 2015-07-06 2015-10-21 合肥福泉现代农业科技有限公司 Efficient culture medium prepared from enoki mushroom residues and used for increasing gloeostereum insarnatum fermentation speed and preparation method of efficient culture medium
CN105175106A (en) * 2015-08-17 2015-12-23 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Crop cultivation matrix and preparation method therefor
CN106069671B (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-04-02 青岛农业大学 Two sections of matrix cultivating methods of fruit tree hybrid seedling suitable for greenhouse second crop soil
CN108012760A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-05-11 河南省新乡市农业科学院 A kind of method that edible mushroom cultivated species are made using corncob as major ingredient
CN109748350B (en) * 2018-12-11 2022-03-01 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 Adsorbent for heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted water body and remediation method

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CN1675988A (en) * 2005-03-02 2005-10-05 无锡市绿丰现代农业有限公司 Organic culture substrate and its preparing method
CN102204469A (en) * 2011-05-17 2011-10-05 操宇琳 Light, simple and efficient cultivation method for cotton
CN102531753A (en) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-04 陕西众兴高科生物科技有限公司 Organic matrix containing needle mushroom residues
CN103771995A (en) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-07 石玉国 Production technology for environment-friendly biological seedling substrate

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1675988A (en) * 2005-03-02 2005-10-05 无锡市绿丰现代农业有限公司 Organic culture substrate and its preparing method
CN102204469A (en) * 2011-05-17 2011-10-05 操宇琳 Light, simple and efficient cultivation method for cotton
CN102531753A (en) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-04 陕西众兴高科生物科技有限公司 Organic matrix containing needle mushroom residues
CN103771995A (en) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-07 石玉国 Production technology for environment-friendly biological seedling substrate

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