CN104025985A - Soilless culture substrate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soilless culture substrate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104025985A CN104025985A CN201410267338.3A CN201410267338A CN104025985A CN 104025985 A CN104025985 A CN 104025985A CN 201410267338 A CN201410267338 A CN 201410267338A CN 104025985 A CN104025985 A CN 104025985A
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- culture substrate
- soilless culture
- coconut palm
- histosol
- perlite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless culture substrate. The soilless culture substrate comprises coco coir, perlite, organic soil and fermented soybean meal in a volume ratio of 580-620:140-160:140-160:100. A preparation method of the soilless culture substrate includes the following steps: (1) preparing materials; (2) soaking the coco coir in water according to a ratio of 1:4 for 24 hours to enable the coco coir to fully absorb mater to swell and expand for standby application; (3) adding the perlite, the organic soil and the fermented soybean meal into the coco coir, and stirring uniformly to obtain the soilless culture substrate. The soilless culture substrate is applied to cucumber seedling culture. The soilless culture substrate has good breathing and water preservation functions and has the advantage of rich nutrients, so that vegetable seedlings can be enabled to obtain more comprehensive nutrition in the process of growth, growth cycle is shortened, and production efficiency is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and relate to a kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application, belong to agriculture cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture is to do the fixing plant of seedling medium with light materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses or forest leaf mould, vermiculites, allows root system of plant directly contact nutrient solution, adopts the modernization seedling growing process of mechanization precision drilling once-seedling forming.At present the most frequently used cultivation matrix is mainly the inorganic matrixes such as vermiculite, perlite and rock wool, and the organic substrate such as peat (claiming again the peat composed of rotten mosses).These matrix can be used separately, also can mix and use according to certain ratio.These matrix ventilating permeables are good, and mineral fertilizer can be provided, the advantage of water conservation and improvement physical behavior.Although traditional seedling medium has many advantages, along with agrotechnical raising, its drawback also highlights day by day.As Soilless culture need add nutrient solution, and the material unit weights such as perlite, vermiculite are little, giving grows seedlings has brought inconvenience, and because the fertilizer that these matrix itself have all can not provide seedling development required various nutriments, no matter be to use separately or several collocation use, all need extra nutriment to supplement.This can cause a lot of environmental problems, and also increases greatly difficulty and the cost of the work of growing seedlings.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, one of object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of soilless culture substrate, this soilless culture substrate had both had good ventilative, water retaining function, there is again nutritious advantage, can make dish seedling in process of growth, obtain more fully nutrition, shorten growth cycle, enhance productivity.
Two of object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of preparation method of soilless culture substrate.
Three of object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of application of soilless culture substrate.
Realizing one of object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
A kind of soilless culture substrate, is characterized in that, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580-620:140-160:140-160:100.
Preferably, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 600:150:150:100.
Preferably, the preparation method of described histosol, comprises the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the ratio that is 1:1:1:1:1 according to weight ratio takes stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, cow dung, sawdust and rice husk;
2) batch mixing: stalk is cut into 1-2cm and adds in container after long, add in container after cow dung, waste material of edible mushroom are smashed, and then add sawdust, rice husk and enough water in container, stir, obtain blended stock; Control blended stock water content 70%;
3) in blended stock per ton, add the chicken manure of 5 kilograms of urea or 200 kilograms, then add 1 kilogram of straw decomposing inoculant, mix, obtain the compound that ferments;
4) fermentation compound is piled to the strip fermentation heap that wide 1m, high 70cm, length are not limit, carries out aerobic fermentation:
4-1) on fermentation heap, cover one deck Polypropylence Sheet, in case moisture evaporation; Lid is when Polypropylence Sheet, under the edge of Polypropylence Sheet, stands on end a brick every one meter, and Polypropylence Sheet is propped up to ventilation hole one by one; And on the Polypropylence Sheet of fermentation heap both sides, beat some apertures, enter in order to fresh air;
4-2) measure temperature every day once, and record; In 2-3 after heap days, in heap, temperature is elevated to more than 60 DEG C fast; Compare the temperature of front one-shot measurement when lower when the temperature measuring, turning once; Then by step 4-1) described method builds Polypropylence Sheet and continues fermentation; When blended stock becomes sepia, one pinches brokenly, and fermentation completes; Obtain histosol.
Realizing two of object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
A preparation method for soilless culture substrate, is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: take raw material by the formulation ratio of the described soilless culture substrate of one of object;
2) soak: coconut palm chaff is soaked in water, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use;
3) toward through step 2) add respectively perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs in coconut palm chaff after treatment, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate; Wherein, controlled humidity 70-75%, pH value 5.5-6.5.
Realizing three of object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
The application of above-mentioned soilless culture substrate in cucumber seedling-raising.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention has added histosol and fermented bean dregs by fermentation in seedling medium, utilize coconut palm chaff to improve water binding capacity simultaneously, utilize perlite to improve its air capacity of soils, both coconut palm chaff, ventilative, water retaining function that perlite is good had been given full play to, bring into play again the nutritious advantage of histosol and fermented bean dregs, make dish seedling in process of growth, obtain more fully nutrition, shorten growth cycle, enhance productivity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated
Embodiment 1:
A kind of soilless culture substrate, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 600:150:150:100.
A kind of soilless culture substrate, carries out according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: take raw material by the formulation ratio of above-mentioned soilless culture substrate;
2) soak: coconut palm chaff is soaked in water, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use;
3) toward through step 2) bean cake powder that adds respectively perlite, histosol and ferment in coconut palm chaff after treatment, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate; Wherein, controlled humidity 70-75%, pH value 5.5-6.5.
The preparation method of described histosol, comprises the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the ratio that is 1:1:1:1:1 according to weight ratio takes stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, cow dung, sawdust and rice husk;
2) batch mixing: stalk is cut into 1-2cm and adds in container after long, add in container after cow dung, waste material of edible mushroom are smashed, and then add sawdust, rice husk and enough water in container, stir, obtain blended stock; Control blended stock water content 70%;
3) in blended stock per ton, add the chicken manure of 5 kilograms of urea or 200 kilograms, then add 1 kilogram of straw decomposing inoculant, mix, obtain the compound that ferments;
4) fermentation compound is piled to the strip fermentation heap that wide 1m, high 70cm, length are not limit, carries out aerobic fermentation:
4-1) on fermentation heap, cover one deck Polypropylence Sheet, in case moisture evaporation; Lid is when Polypropylence Sheet, under the edge of Polypropylence Sheet, stands on end a brick every one meter, and Polypropylence Sheet is propped up to ventilation hole one by one; And on the Polypropylence Sheet of fermentation heap both sides, beat some apertures, enter in order to fresh air;
4-2) measure temperature every day once, and record; In 2-3 after heap days, in heap, temperature is elevated to more than 60 DEG C fast; Compare the temperature of front one-shot measurement when lower when the temperature measuring, turning once; Then by step 4-1) described method builds Polypropylence Sheet and continues fermentation; When blended stock becomes sepia, one pinches brokenly, and fermentation completes; Obtain histosol.
The method of inspection water content: can adopt moisture teller DSH-50-10 to measure; Or adopt with the following method and estimate: grab a blended stock that adds water with hand, firmly hold, occur and can not drip in a large number when finger is sewed with water, represent amount of water just.
Embodiment 2:
The feature of the present embodiment is: a kind of soilless culture substrate, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580:140:140:100.Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The feature of the present embodiment is: a kind of soilless culture substrate, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 620:160:160:100.Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example:
This comparative example by by matrix of the present invention with contrast matrix 1 (peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite proportioning matrix), contrast matrix 2 (peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite proportioning matrix) for cucumber seedling-raising, then by the porosity of each matrix, phosphorus potassium content and cucumber seedling-raising effect is compared.
The matrix that seedling medium of the present invention adopts embodiment 1-3 to obtain, contrast matrix 1 is that the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are the matrix that 2:1 mixes rear acquisition according to volume ratio, contrast matrix 2 is that the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite are the matrix that 2:1 mixes rear acquisition according to volume ratio.
(1) concrete porosity is as shown in table 1, and assay method wherein adopts normal experiment technology to carry out, and as saturated gravity drainage method, comprises total porosity, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity and WGR.
Table 1 porosity contrast table
| Parameter | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Contrast matrix 1 | Contrast matrix 2 |
| Total porosity | 85.73 | 84.35 | 83.80 | 78.09 | 82.45 |
| Hold hole voidage | 21.90 | 20.55 | 21.10 | 19.51 | 21.90 |
| Aeration porosity | 67.89 | 62.47 | 63.72 | 58.58 | 60.55 |
| WGR | 3.1 | 3.04 | 3.02 | 3.00 | 2.77 |
As shown in Table 1: improved water binding capacity because formulation media described in embodiment of the present invention 1-3 utilizes coconut palm chaff, utilized perlite to improve its air capacity of soils, made the porosity of formulation media described in embodiment 1-3 and air capacity of soils apparently higher than contrast matrix 1 and contrast matrix 2.More above-mentioned five kinds of mixed-matrixes, the matrix total porosity maximum of embodiment 1, is 85.73, and WGR is 3.1, and total porosity is large, and air capacity of soils is good, and WGR is reasonable.
(2) adopt sodium bicarbonate method to measure rapid available phosphorus, adopt ammonium acetate-flare photometer to measure available potassium, concrete outcome is in table 2.
Table 2 rapid available phosphorus and available potassium contrast table
| ? | Rapid available phosphorus mg/kg | Available potassium mg/kg |
| Embodiment 1 | 123.14 | 3064.22 |
| Embodiment 2 | 111.23 | 2987.33 |
| Embodiment 3 | 114.42 | 2999.53 |
| Contrast matrix 1 | 23.50 | 2208.30 |
| Contrast matrix 2 | 25.31 | 2166.42 |
Described in embodiment of the present invention 1-3, the rapid available phosphorus of formulation media, quick-acting potassium content, apparently higher than contrast matrix 1,2, can save supplementing of phosphorus between nursery stage, potash fertilizer; Wherein, the highest with rapid available phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium content of formulation media described in embodiment 1.
(3) table 3 is processed cultivated cucumber pot experiment data for different substrates, shows the cucumber at seedling stage growth of embodiment 1-3 cultivation better, particularly embodiment 1, and its plant height, the number of blade and maximum leaf area have obvious increase compared with other processing.Therefore, embodiment 1 proportioning is comparatively reasonable.
Table 3 different substrates is processed the seedling growth situation of cultivated cucumber
| ? | Plant height (cm) | The number of blade | Maximum leaf area (cm*cm) |
| Embodiment 1 | 14.8 | 7 | 6*9 |
| Embodiment 2 | 14.6 | 6 | 6*8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 14.5 | 6 | 6*8 |
| Contrast matrix 1 | 13.4 | 5 | 5*7 |
| Contrast matrix 2 | 13.6 | 5 | 5*8 |
Above-described embodiment, only for the preferred case study on implementation of the present invention, can not limit the present invention's scope required for protection with this, any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art does on basis of the present invention and replace and all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a soilless culture substrate, is characterized in that, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580-620:140-160:140-160:100.
2. soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 600:150:150:100.
3. soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described histosol, comprises the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the ratio that is 1:1:1:1:1 according to weight ratio takes stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, cow dung, sawdust and rice husk;
2) batch mixing: stalk is cut into 1-2cm and adds in container after long, add in container after cow dung, waste material of edible mushroom are smashed, and then add sawdust, rice husk and enough water in container, stir, obtain blended stock; Control blended stock water content 70%;
3) in blended stock per ton, add the chicken manure of 5 kilograms of urea or 200 kilograms, then add 1 kilogram of straw decomposing inoculant, mix, obtain the compound that ferments;
4) fermentation compound is piled to the strip fermentation heap that wide 1m, high 70cm, length are not limit, carries out aerobic fermentation:
4-1) on fermentation heap, cover one deck Polypropylence Sheet; Lid is when Polypropylence Sheet, under the edge of Polypropylence Sheet, stands on end a brick every one meter, and Polypropylence Sheet is propped up to ventilation hole one by one; And on the Polypropylence Sheet of fermentation heap both sides, beat some apertures;
4-2) measure temperature every day once, and record; In 2-3 after heap days, in heap, temperature is elevated to more than 60 DEG C fast; Compare the temperature of front one-shot measurement when lower when the temperature measuring, turning once; Then by step 4-1) described method builds Polypropylence Sheet and continues fermentation; When blended stock becomes sepia, one pinches brokenly, and fermentation completes; Obtain histosol.
4. according to the preparation method of the soilless culture substrate described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, carry out according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: take raw material by the formulation ratio of described soilless culture substrate;
2) soak: coconut palm chaff is soaked in water, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use;
3) toward through step 2) add respectively perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs in coconut palm chaff after treatment, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate; Wherein, controlled humidity 70-75%, pH value 5.5-6.5.
5. the application in cucumber seedling-raising according to the soilless culture substrate described in any one in claim 1-3.
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Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104402629A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Method for preparing nutrient soil for camphor tree seedlings |
| CN104521718A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 李本兵 | Soilless culture method utilizing organic fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN104892277A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 卞佳林 | Dwarf hawthorn potted plant soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105052710A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-11-18 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Nutrition medium for raising towel gourd seedlings |
| CN105130672A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-09 | 段宝荣 | Nutrient soil for strawberry greenhouse planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218267A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-01-06 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218268A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-01-06 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | A kind of cucumber seedling-raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105237273A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-13 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | Vegetable seedling raising substrate |
| CN105481602A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-13 | 倪春仙 | Coconut brick fertilizer prepared from coconut shells and making method thereof |
| CN106007981A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 塔里木大学 | Formula of organic active soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106305392A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special substrate for loofah soilless culture |
| CN106332751A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-18 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special substrate for green pinto bean soilless culture |
| CN106542906A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application |
| CN106665298A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-17 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Soilless azalea culture substrate |
| CN107082676A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-22 | 新昌县天姥园艺发展有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application |
| CN107801604A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-16 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cucumber soilless culture substrate of increasing of quality and production |
| CN108243901A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-06 | 贺州佳成技术转移服务有限公司 | A kind of production method of cucumber seedling-raising substrate |
| CN108243931A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-06 | 民勤县巴腾生物有机肥料有限公司 | A kind of melon fruit vegetable nutrient matrix rests the head on soilless culture method |
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| CN110431974A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-12 | 新疆农业大学 | The water and fertilizer management method of desert sunlight greenhouse cucumber production |
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| CN104402629A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Method for preparing nutrient soil for camphor tree seedlings |
| CN104521718A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-22 | 李本兵 | Soilless culture method utilizing organic fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN104892277A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 卞佳林 | Dwarf hawthorn potted plant soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104892277B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-11-21 | 卞佳林 | One kind downgrades potted plant soilless culture substrate of hawthorn and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105218268A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-01-06 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | A kind of cucumber seedling-raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105237273A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-13 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | Vegetable seedling raising substrate |
| CN105130672A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-09 | 段宝荣 | Nutrient soil for strawberry greenhouse planting and preparation method thereof |
| CN105052710A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-11-18 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Nutrition medium for raising towel gourd seedlings |
| CN105481602A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-13 | 倪春仙 | Coconut brick fertilizer prepared from coconut shells and making method thereof |
| CN106007981A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 塔里木大学 | Formula of organic active soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106305392A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special substrate for loofah soilless culture |
| CN106332751A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-18 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | Special substrate for green pinto bean soilless culture |
| CN106542906A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application |
| CN106665298A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-17 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | Soilless azalea culture substrate |
| CN107082676A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-22 | 新昌县天姥园艺发展有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application |
| CN107801604A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-16 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cucumber soilless culture substrate of increasing of quality and production |
| CN108243901A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-06 | 贺州佳成技术转移服务有限公司 | A kind of production method of cucumber seedling-raising substrate |
| CN108243931A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-06 | 民勤县巴腾生物有机肥料有限公司 | A kind of melon fruit vegetable nutrient matrix rests the head on soilless culture method |
| CN109566287A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-05 | 西藏诺迪康药业股份有限公司 | A kind of rhodiola seedling method on scale |
| CN110431974A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-12 | 新疆农业大学 | The water and fertilizer management method of desert sunlight greenhouse cucumber production |
| CN112567992A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-30 | 山东省绿驰农业科技有限公司 | Dragon fruit matrix seedling culture method |
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