CN104025985B - A kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104025985B CN104025985B CN201410267338.3A CN201410267338A CN104025985B CN 104025985 B CN104025985 B CN 104025985B CN 201410267338 A CN201410267338 A CN 201410267338A CN 104025985 B CN104025985 B CN 104025985B
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- coconut palm
- palm chaff
- soilless culture
- culture substrate
- histosol
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soilless culture substrate, comprise following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580-620:140-160:140-160:100.The preparation method of soilless culture substrate, carries out: 1) get the raw materials ready according to the following steps; 2) soak: be soaked in water by coconut palm chaff, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use; 3) in coconut palm chaff, add perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs respectively, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate.The application of described soilless culture substrate in cucumber seedling-raising.The present invention has good ventilative, water retaining function, has again nutritious advantage, can make dish seedling in process of growth, obtain more fully nutrition, shortens growth cycle, enhances productivity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and relate to a kind of soilless culture substrate and its preparation method and application, belong to agriculture cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture does seedling medium with light materials such as the peat composed of rotten mosses or forest leaf mould, vermiculites to fix plant, allows root system of plant directly contact nutrient solution, adopts the modernization seedling growing process of mechanization precision drilling once-seedling forming.Cultivation matrix the most frequently used is at present the inorganic matrix such as vermiculite, perlite and rock wool mainly, and the organic substrate such as peat (also known as the peat composed of rotten mosses).These matrix can be used alone, also can be used in combination according to certain ratio.These matrix ventilating permeables are good, can provide mineral fertilizer, the advantage of water conservation and improvement physical behavior.Although traditional seedling medium has many advantages, along with agrotechnical raising, its drawback also highlights day by day.As Soilless culture need add nutrient solution, and the material such as perlite, vermiculite unit weight is little, inconvenience is brought to nursery, and because the fertilizer that these matrix itself have all can not provide the various nutriments needed for seedling development, no matter be used alone or several collocation use, all need extra nutriment to supplement.This can cause a lot of environmental problem, and also increases difficulty and the cost of nursery work greatly.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of soilless culture substrate, this soilless culture substrate had both had good ventilative, water retaining function, there is again nutritious advantage, can make dish seedling in process of growth, obtain more fully nutrition, shorten growth cycle, enhance productivity.
Two of object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of preparation method of soilless culture substrate.
Three of object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of application of soilless culture substrate.
Realize an object of the present invention to reach by taking following technical scheme:
A kind of soilless culture substrate, it is characterized in that, comprise following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580-620:140-160:140-160:100.
Preferably, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 600:150:150:100.
Preferably, the preparation method of described histosol, comprises the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the ratio being 1:1:1:1:1 according to weight ratio takes stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, cow dung, sawdust and rice husk;
2) batch mixing: add in container after stalk being cut into 1-2cm length, add in container after cow dung, waste material of edible mushroom are smashed, and then add sawdust, rice husk and enough water in container, stir, obtain blended stock; Control blended stock water content 70%;
3) in blended stock per ton, add the chicken manure of 5 kilograms of urea or 200 kilograms, then add 1 kilogram of straw decomposing inoculant, mix, obtain the compound that ferments;
4) by the strip fermentation heap that compound piles wide 1m, high 70cm, length is not limit that ferments, aerobic fermentation is carried out:
4-1) on fermentation heap, cover one deck Polypropylence Sheet, in case moisture evaporation; During lid Polypropylence Sheet, under the edge of Polypropylence Sheet, stand on end one piece of brick every one meter, Polypropylence Sheet is propped up ventilation hole one by one; And on the Polypropylence Sheet of fermentation heap both sides, beat some apertures, enter in order to fresh air;
4-2) every day measuring tempeature once, and record; In 2-3 days after heap, in heap, temperature is elevated to more than 60 DEG C fast; When the temperature that the temperature measured compares front one-shot measurement is lower, turning once; Then by step 4-1) described in method build Polypropylence Sheet continue fermentation; When blended stock becomes sepia, one pinches namely broken, and fermentation completes; Obtain histosol.
Realize object of the present invention two can reach by taking following technical scheme:
A preparation method for soilless culture substrate, is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: take raw material by the formulation ratio of the described soilless culture substrate of one of object;
2) soak: be soaked in water by coconut palm chaff, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use;
3) toward through step 2) add perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs respectively in coconut palm chaff after process, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate; Wherein, controlled humidity 70-75%, pH value 5.5-6.5.
Realize object of the present invention three can reach by taking following technical scheme:
The application of above-mentioned soilless culture substrate in cucumber seedling-raising.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention adds histosol by fermentation and fermented bean dregs in seedling medium, utilize coconut palm chaff to improve water binding capacity simultaneously, utilize perlite to improve its air capacity of soils, both ventilative, the water retaining function that coconut palm chaff, perlite are good had been given full play to, play again the nutritious advantage of histosol and fermented bean dregs, make dish seedling in process of growth, obtain more fully nutrition, shorten growth cycle, enhance productivity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated
Embodiment 1:
A kind of soilless culture substrate, comprise following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 600:150:150:100.
A kind of soilless culture substrate, carries out according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: take raw material by the formulation ratio of above-mentioned soilless culture substrate;
2) soak: be soaked in water by coconut palm chaff, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use;
3) toward through step 2) bean cake powder that adds perlite, histosol respectively and ferment in coconut palm chaff after process, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate; Wherein, controlled humidity 70-75%, pH value 5.5-6.5.
The preparation method of described histosol, comprises the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the ratio being 1:1:1:1:1 according to weight ratio takes stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, cow dung, sawdust and rice husk;
2) batch mixing: add in container after stalk being cut into 1-2cm length, add in container after cow dung, waste material of edible mushroom are smashed, and then add sawdust, rice husk and enough water in container, stir, obtain blended stock; Control blended stock water content 70%;
3) in blended stock per ton, add the chicken manure of 5 kilograms of urea or 200 kilograms, then add 1 kilogram of straw decomposing inoculant, mix, obtain the compound that ferments;
4) by the strip fermentation heap that compound piles wide 1m, high 70cm, length is not limit that ferments, aerobic fermentation is carried out:
4-1) on fermentation heap, cover one deck Polypropylence Sheet, in case moisture evaporation; During lid Polypropylence Sheet, under the edge of Polypropylence Sheet, stand on end one piece of brick every one meter, Polypropylence Sheet is propped up ventilation hole one by one; And on the Polypropylence Sheet of fermentation heap both sides, beat some apertures, enter in order to fresh air;
4-2) every day measuring tempeature once, and record; In 2-3 days after heap, in heap, temperature is elevated to more than 60 DEG C fast; When the temperature that the temperature measured compares front one-shot measurement is lower, turning once; Then by step 4-1) described in method build Polypropylence Sheet continue fermentation; When blended stock becomes sepia, one pinches namely broken, and fermentation completes; Obtain histosol.
The method of inspection water content: moisture teller DSH-50-10 can be adopted to measure; Or adopt and estimate with the following method: grab one with hand and added the blended stock of water, firmly hold, occur when finger is sewed with water and can not drips in a large number, represent amount of water just.
Embodiment 2:
The feature of the present embodiment is: a kind of soilless culture substrate, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, and wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580:140:140:100.Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The feature of the present embodiment is: a kind of soilless culture substrate, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, and wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 620:160:160:100.Other are identical with embodiment 1.
Comparative example:
This comparative example by by matrix of the present invention with contrast matrix 1 (peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite proportioning matrix), contrast matrix 2 (peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite proportioning matrix) in cucumber seedling-raising, then by the porosity of each matrix, phosphorus potassium content and compare cucumber seedling-raising effect.
The matrix that seedling medium of the present invention adopts embodiment 1-3 to obtain, contrast matrix 1 is the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is the matrix obtained after 2:1 mixes according to volume ratio, and contrast matrix 2 is the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite is the rear matrix obtained of 2:1 mixing according to volume ratio.
(1) concrete porosity is as shown in table 1, and assay method wherein adopts conventional laboratory techniques to carry out, and as saturated gravity drainage method, comprises total porosity, water-holding porosity, aeration porosity and WGR.
Table 1 porosity contrast table
| Parameter | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Contrast matrix 1 | Contrast matrix 2 |
| Total porosity | 85.73 | 84.35 | 83.80 | 78.09 | 82.45 |
| Hold hole voidage | 21.90 | 20.55 | 21.10 | 19.51 | 21.90 |
| Aeration porosity | 67.89 | 62.47 | 63.72 | 58.58 | 60.55 |
| WGR | 3.1 | 3.04 | 3.02 | 3.00 | 2.77 |
As shown in Table 1: because formulation media described in embodiment of the present invention 1-3 utilizes coconut palm chaff to improve water binding capacity, utilizes perlite to improve its air capacity of soils, make the porosity of formulation media described in embodiment 1-3 and air capacity of soils apparently higher than contrast matrix 1 and contrast matrix 2.More above-mentioned five kinds of mixed-matrixes, the matrix total porosity of embodiment 1 is maximum, is 85.73, and WGR is 3.1, and total porosity is large, and air capacity of soils is good, and WGR is reasonable.
(2) adopt sodium bicarbonate method to measure rapid available phosphorus, adopt ammonium acetate-flare photometer to measure available potassium, concrete outcome is in table 2.
Table 2 rapid available phosphorus and available potassium contrast table
| Rapid available phosphorus mg/kg | Available potassium mg/kg | |
| Embodiment 1 | 123.14 | 3064.22 |
| Embodiment 2 | 111.23 | 2987.33 |
| Embodiment 3 | 114.42 | 2999.53 |
| Contrast matrix 1 | 23.50 | 2208.30 |
| Contrast matrix 2 | 25.31 | 2166.42 |
The rapid available phosphorus of formulation media described in embodiment of the present invention 1-3, quick-acting potassium content, apparently higher than contrast matrix 1,2, can save phosphorus between nursery stage, the supplementing of potash fertilizer; Wherein, the highest with the rapid available phosphorus of formulation media described in embodiment 1, quick-acting potassium content.
(3) table 3 is different substrates process cultivated cucumber pot experiment data, and show that the cucumber at seedling stage growth that embodiment 1-3 cultivates is better, particularly embodiment 1, its plant height, the number of blade and maximum leaf area have obvious increase compared with other process.Therefore, embodiment 1 proportioning is comparatively reasonable.
The seedling growth situation of table 3 different substrates process cultivated cucumber
| Plant height (cm) | The number of blade | Maximum leaf area (cm*cm) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 14.8 | 7 | 6*9 |
| Embodiment 2 | 14.6 | 6 | 6*8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 14.5 | 6 | 6*8 |
| Contrast matrix 1 | 13.4 | 5 | 5*7 |
| Contrast matrix 2 | 13.6 | 5 | 5*8 |
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred case study on implementation of the present invention, can not limit the present invention's scope required for protection with this, any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art does on basis of the present invention and replace all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a soilless culture substrate, is characterized in that, comprises following composition: coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs, and wherein, the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 580-620:140-160:140-160:100;
The preparation method of described histosol, comprises the steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: the ratio being 1:1:1:1:1 according to weight ratio takes stalk, waste material of edible mushroom, cow dung, sawdust and rice husk;
2) batch mixing: add in container after stalk being cut into 1-2cm length, add in container after cow dung, waste material of edible mushroom are smashed, and then add sawdust, rice husk and enough water in container, stir, obtain blended stock; Control blended stock water content 70%;
3) in blended stock per ton, add the chicken manure of 5 kilograms of urea or 200 kilograms, then add 1 kilogram of straw decomposing inoculant, mix, obtain the compound that ferments;
4) by the strip fermentation heap that compound piles wide 1m, high 70cm, length is not limit that ferments, aerobic fermentation is carried out:
4-1) on fermentation heap, cover one deck Polypropylence Sheet; During lid Polypropylence Sheet, under the edge of Polypropylence Sheet, stand on end one piece of brick every one meter, Polypropylence Sheet is propped up ventilation hole one by one; And on the Polypropylence Sheet of fermentation heap both sides, beat some apertures;
4-2) every day measuring tempeature once, and record; In 2-3 days after heap, in heap, temperature is elevated to more than 60 DEG C fast; When the temperature that the temperature measured compares front one-shot measurement is lower, turning once; Then by step 4-1) described in method build Polypropylence Sheet continue fermentation; When blended stock becomes sepia, one pinches namely broken, and fermentation completes; Obtain histosol.
2. soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume ratio of coconut palm chaff, perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs is: 600:150:150:100.
3. according to the preparation method of the soilless culture substrate in claim 1-2 described in any one, it is characterized in that, carry out according to the following steps:
1) get the raw materials ready: take raw material by the formulation ratio of described soilless culture substrate;
2) soak: be soaked in water by coconut palm chaff, the abundant imbibition of coconut palm chaff is scattered, wherein, the weight ratio of coconut palm chaff and water is 1:4, and soak time is 24 hours, for subsequent use;
3) toward through step 2) add perlite, histosol and fermented bean dregs respectively in coconut palm chaff after process, stir, obtain soilless culture substrate; Wherein, controlled humidity 70-75%, pH value 5.5-6.5.
4. according to the application of the soilless culture substrate in claim 1-2 described in any one in cucumber seedling-raising.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101054318A (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-17 | 牛军生 | Process for preparing soil-free organic matrixes |
| CN101622953A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2010-01-13 | 北京林业大学 | Cultivating substrate |
| JP2011250739A (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-15 | Hokuriku Sangyo Kk | Culture soil for plant cultivation |
| CN103724122B (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2015-05-13 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Fabrication method of soilless culture matrix for vegetables |
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