CN101326732B - 用于无线通信的分集接收器和分集接收的方法 - Google Patents

用于无线通信的分集接收器和分集接收的方法 Download PDF

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CN101326732B
CN101326732B CN2006800467188A CN200680046718A CN101326732B CN 101326732 B CN101326732 B CN 101326732B CN 2006800467188 A CN2006800467188 A CN 2006800467188A CN 200680046718 A CN200680046718 A CN 200680046718A CN 101326732 B CN101326732 B CN 101326732B
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gsm
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CN101326732A (zh
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韦斯利·桑普森
阿里斯托泰莱·哈吉克里托斯
古尔坎瓦尔·S·萨霍塔
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0822—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection according to predefined selection scheme
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
    • H04B1/006—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using switches for selecting the desired band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/0871—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using different reception schemes, at least one of them being a diversity reception scheme
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0825—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with main and with auxiliary or diversity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0831—Compensation of the diversity switching process for non-uniform properties or faulty operations of the switches used in the diversity switching process

Abstract

本发明描述一种能够接收CDMA系统(例如，W-CDMA系统)及TDMA系统(例如，GSM系统)的具有用于至少一个系统的接收分集的分集接收器。W-CDMA通常称作UMTS。在一种设计中，所述分集接收器包含用于GSM的第一接收器及用于UMTS的第二接收器。所述第一接收器可采用一种接收器设计来实施，可符合GSM的规范，且也可支持UMTS。所述第二接收器可采用另一种接收器设计来实施，可符合UMTS的规范，且也可支持GSM。所述第一接收器可包含低通滤波器，所述低通滤波器具有可针对GSM及UMTS调整的带宽。所述第二接收器可包含用于衰减UMTS的传输频率范围的带通滤波器。每一接收器均可包含用于GSM及UMTS两者的电路块。

Description

用于无线通信的分集接收器和分集接收的方法
相关申请案交叉参考
本申请案主张在2005年10月19日提出申请的名称为“用于UMTS及GSM/EDGE驱动器接收的组合式架构(A COMBINED ARHITECTURE FOR UMTS AND GSM/EDGE DRIVERS RECEPTION)”序列号为60/728,079的美国临时申请案的权利，其受让于本申请案受让人且其整体内容出于所有目的以引用方式并入本文中。 
技术领域
本发明大体来说涉及电子装置，且更具体来说涉及用于无线通信的分集接收器。 
背景技术
在无线通信系统中，传输器调制射频(RF)载波信号上的数据以产生更适合传输的经RF调制信号。然后，所述传输器经由无线信道将所述经RF调制信号传输给接收器。所传输信号可经由一个或一个以上传播路径(例如，视距及/或反射路径)到达所述接收器。所述传播路径的特征可由于各种现象(例如，衰落及多路径)而随时间变化。因此，所传输信号可经历不同信道状态且可随时间以不同振幅及/或相位接收。 
接收器处理所接收的RF信号并试图恢复传输器所发送的数据。接收器的性能取决于所接收的信号质量，其可由于衰落及多路径而大幅度波动。因此，只要接收器经历有害的路径效应，其性能即遭受影响。此性能上的降级是不合需要的。 
因此，所属技术领域中需要一种可在存在有害路径效应的情况下达到良好性能的接收器。 
发明内容
本文中描述了一种能够接收码分多址(CDMA)系统及时分多址(TDMA)系统的具有用于至少一个系统的接收分集的分集接收器。接收分集是指为防止有害路径效应而使用多个天线接收传输以提供分集。所述TDMA系统可以是全球移动通信系统(GSM)或某一其它TDMA系统。所述CDMA系统可以是宽带CDMA(W-CDMA)系统、cdma2000系统或某一其它CDMA系统，W-CDMA用于且通常也指通用移动电信系统(UMTS)。 
在一实施例中，所述分集接收器包含用于GSM的第一接收器及用于UMTS的第 二接收器。所述第一接收器可以第一接收器设计来实施，可符合GSM的规范，且也可支持UMTS。所述第二接收器可以第二接收器设计实施，可符合UMTS的规范，且也可支持GSM。第一接收器可包含低通滤波器，所述低通滤波器具有可为GSM或UMTS设定的可调整带宽。第二接收器可包含带通滤波器，所述带通滤波器用于衰减UMTS的传输频率范围。每一接收器可包含用于GSM及UMTS两者的电路块，这样可减小复杂度、成本及电路面积。 
在一实施例中，在接收GSM时开关及滤波器单元将第一接收器耦合到主要天线，且在接收UMTS时将第二接收器耦合到所述主要天线。如果第一接收器也支持UMTS，则在接收UMTS时所述开关及滤波器单元将第一接收器耦合到分集天线。如果第二接收器也支持GSM，则在接收GSM时所述开关及滤波器单元将第二接收器耦合到所述分集天线。开关及滤波器单元还可对GSM及UMTS执行滤波。 
下文进一步详细描述了本发明的各方面及实施例。 
附图说明
图1显示包含GSM网络及UMTS网络的PLMN。 
图2显示能够接收使用分集的UMTS及接收GSM的终端。 
图3显示能够接收使用分集的GSM及接收UMTS的终端。 
图4显示能够接收使用分集的GSM及UMTS的终端。 
图5显示用于GSM且可能支持UMTS的接收器。 
图6显示用于UMTS且可能支持GSM的接收器。 
图7A及7B显示执行滤波及RF交换的两个单元。 
图8A及8B显示为多个频带执行滤波及RF交换的两个单元。 
图9显示接收GSM及UMTS的过程。 
具体实施方式
本文中所描述的分集接收器可用于各种无线通信系统，例如，CDMA系统、TDMA系统、频分多址(FDMA)系统、正交FDMA(OFDMA)系统等。CDMA系统可实施无线电技术，例如W-CDMA、cdma2000等。cdma2000涵盖IS-2000、1S-856及IS-95标准。IS-2000及IS-95通常称作CDMA2000 1x，或简称“1x”。TDMA系统可实施无线电技术，例如，GSM、数字高级移动电话系统(D-AMPS)等。D-AMPS涵盖IS-136及IS-54。所述各种无线电技术及标准已为所属技术领域中的技术人员所熟知。W-CDMA及GSM描述于由名称为“第三代伙伴工程(3rd Generation PartnershipProject)”(3GPP)的组织所颁布的文档中。cdma2000则描述于由名称为“第三代伙伴工程2(3rd Generation Partnership Project 2)”(3GPP2)的组织所颁布的文档中。3GPP及3GPP2文件可公开获得。 
大体来说，本文中所描述的分集接收器可支持所属技术领域中所熟知的任何数目的无线电技术及所述无线电技术中的任何几者。为清晰起见，下文针对GSM及UMTS具体地描述所述分集接收器。 
图1显示公共陆地移动网络(PLMN)100，其包含GSM网络110及UMTS网络120。术语“网络”及“系统”常常是通用的。UMTS网络120实施W-CDMA且也称作UMTS地面无线电接入网络(UTRAN)。术语“UMTS”及“W-CDMA”在下文说明中是通用的。GSM网络T10及UMTS网络120是采用不同无线电技术(GSM及W-CDMA)但属于同一服务提供商或网络运营商的两个无线网络。 
GSM网络110包含基站112，基站112与所述GSM网络覆盖区内的终端通信。基站是与终端通信的固定站，且还可称作节点B、基地收发站(BTS)、接入点等。移动交换中心(MSC)114耦合到基站112，并提供对这些基站的协调及控制。UMTS网络120包含基站122，基站122与UMTS网络覆盖区内的终端通信。无线电网络控制器(RNC)124耦合到基站122，并提供对这些基站的协调及控制。RNC 124与MSC114通信以支持GSM与UMTS网络之间的交互工作。 
终端150能够与GSM网络110及UMTS网络120通信，通常在任何既定时刻与一个无线网络通信。这一能力允许用户使用同一终端获得UMTS的性能优势及GSM的覆盖益处。终端150可以是固定的或移动的，且还可称作用户设备(UE)、移动台(MS)、移动设备(ME)等。终端150可以是蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、无线调制解调器、无线通信装置、手持装置、订户单元等。 
终端150可经设计以在通常用于无线通信的一个或一个以上频带上操作。表1列出了通常用于UMTS及GSM的频带，以及每一频带的上行链路/传输频率范围及下行链路/接收频率范围。 
                            表1 
  GSM频带   UMTS频带   上行链路/传输  (MHz)   下行链路/接收  (MHz)   常用名称
    UMTS频带I   1920-1980   2110-2170   IMT-2000
  GSM 1990   UMTS频带II   1850-1910   1930-1990   PCS
  GSM 1800   UMTS频带III   1710-1785   1805-1880   DCS
    UMTS频带IV   1710-1755   2110-2155   AWS
  GSM 850   UMTS频带V   824-849   869-894   蜂窝
    UMTS频带VI   830-840   875-885  
    UMTS频带VII   2500-2570   2620-2690  
  GSM 900   UMTS频带VIII   880-915   925-960   EGSM
    UMTS频带IX   1749.9-1784.9   1844.9-1879.9  
图2显示能够接收GSM及UMTS的具有用于UMTS的接收分集的终端150a的 方块图。终端150a是图1的终端150的实施例。在此实施例中，终端150a包含两个天线210a及210b及两个接收器230a及230b。所述两个天线210a及210b可以各种方式形成。在一实施例中，天线210a是偶极天线(例如，通常用于蜂窝电话的拉出式天线)、具有较好的性能(例如，较高的天线增益)且指定为主要天线。在一实施例中，天线210b是贴片天线，其在电路板上形成有印刷迹线、具有较差性能(例如，较低天线增益)且指定为分级或辅助天线。在其它实施例中，天线210a及210b可以所属技术领域中所熟知的其它方式形成有导线、印刷迹线等。 
天线210a接收GSM及UMTS网络中的基站所传输的经RF调制信号并提供经主要接收信号(Prx)，所述主要所接收信号包含所传输的经RF调制信号的各版本。类似地，天线210b接收经RF调制信号并提供经分集接收信号(Drx)，所述经分集接收信号包含所传输经RF调制信号的不同版本。开关及滤波器单元220接收所述Prx及Drx信号、对每一所接收信号滤波以去除带外分量、向接收器230a提供一个所接收信号作为第一RF输入信号(Sin 1)且向接收器230b提供另一所接收信号作为第二RF输入信号(Sin2)。下文描述了开关及滤波器单元220的几种设计。 
在图2所示的实施例中，接收器230a是用于UMTS的主要接收器且经设计以提供UMTS的良好性能。接收器230b是用于GSM的主要接收器且经设计以提供GSM的良好性能。每一接收器230均可经设计以满足其经指定系统的可适用需求，且在所有操作状态下(例如，超出所接收信号电平的指定范围时)均可用于所述系统。所述系统需求可关于线性、动态范围、敏感性、带外抑制等。接收器230b也是用于UMTS的辅助接收器，但可能不符合UMTS的规范。下文描述了接收器230a及230b的若干设计。在下文说明中，“GSM/UMTS”是指GSM是主要的(例如，符合规范的)且UMTS是辅助的(例如，被支持但不符合规范的)。类似地，“UMTS/GSM”是指，UMTS是主要的且GSM是辅助的。本文中所使用的“符合规范的”是指符合可适用系统需求的，且“不符合规范的”是指不完全符合所有所述可适用系统需求的。 
接收器230a处理所述Sin 1信号并向模拟-数字转换器(ADC)240a提供第一输出基带信号(Sout1.)。类似地，接收器230b处理Sin2信号并向ADC 240b提供第二输出基带信号(Sout2)。ADC 240a将所述Sout1信号数字化并向数据处理器250提供第一数据样本流用以进一步处理。ADC 240b将所述Sout2信号数字化并向数据处理器250提供第二数据样本流。虽然为简明起见在图2中未显示，但每一输出基带信号及每一数据样本流均可以是具有同相(i)分量及正交(Q)分量的复合信号/流。 
在图2所示的实施例中，信号检测器252测量所需信号的电平，所需信号是所关注的RF信道内的信号。可以所属技术领域中所熟知的各种方式执行所需信号检测。例如，通常使用自动增益控制(AGC)环路来调整接收器内的可变增益放大器(VGA)的增益，以向所述ADC提供具有适当振幅的输出基带信号。这些VGA的增益控制信号可指示且可映射到所需的信号电平。虽然图2中未显示，但干扰检测器可检测干扰的存在，所述干扰是在所需信号附近的大振幅的不合需要的信号。所述干扰检测器可 提供指示是否存在干扰的状态信号。来自信号检测器及干扰检测器的输出可用于控制接收器230a及230b的操作。 
控制器/处理器260指导终端150a处各种单元的操作。控制器/处理器260可根据正在接收哪一系统(例如，UMTS或GSM)来控制Prx及Drx信号到接收器230a及230b的路由。控制器/处理器260可进一步控制用于正在接收的系统的接收器230a及230b及数据处理器250的操作。存储器262存储终端机150a的程序代码及数据。 
为接收使用分集的UMTS，主要天线210a耦合到UMTS接收器230a，且分集天线2,10b耦合到GSM/UMTS接收器230b。接收器230a及230b两者均是可操作的，且分别处理从天线210a及210b接收的信号。为接收不使用分集的GSM，将主要天线210a耦合到GSM/UMTS接收器230b，GSM/UMTS接收器230b处理从天线210a接收的信号。可将UMTS接收器230a断电来节省功率。 
图3显示能够接收GSM及UMTS的具有用于GSM的接收分集的终端150b的方块图。终端150b是图1中的终端150的另一实施例。在此实施例中，终端150b包含图2中的终端150a中的所有单元，除已分别由接收器330a及330b取代的接收器230a及230b之外。接收器330a是用于GSM的主要接收器且可经设计以符合GSM的规范。接收器330b是用于UMTS的主要接收器且可经设计以符合UMTS的规范。接收器330b也是用于GSM的辅助接收器，且可符合或可不符合GSM的规范。下文描述接收器330a及330b的几种设计。 
为接收使用分集的GSM，将主要天线210a耦合到GSM接收器330a，且将分集天线210b耦合到UMTS/GSM接收器330b。接收器330a及330b两者均是可操作的，且分别处理从天线210a及210b接收的信号。为接收不使用分集的UMTS，将主要天线210a耦合到UMTS/GSM接收器330b，UMTS/GSM接收器330b处理从天线210a接收的信号。可将GSM接收器330a断电以节省功率。 
图4显示能够接收GSM及UMTS的具有用于GSM及UMTS两者的接收分集的终端150c的方块图。终端150c是图1中的终端150的又一实施例。在此实施例中，终端150c包含图2中终端150a中的所有单元，除已分别由接收器430a及430b取代的接收器230a及230b之外。接收器430a是用于GSM的主要接收器且可经设计以符合GSM的规范。接收器430b是用于UMTS的主要接收器且可经设计以符合UMTS的规范。接收器430a也是用于UMTS的辅助接收器且可符合或可不符合UMTS的规范。接收器430b也是用于GSM的辅助接收器且可符合或可不符合GMS的规范。下文描述接收器430a及430b的几种设计。 
为接收使用分集的GSM，将主要天线210a耦合到GSM/UMTS接收器430a，且将分集天线210b耦合到UMTS/GSM接收器430b。接收器430a及430b两者均是可操作的，且分别处理从天线210a及210b接收的信号。为接收使用分集的UMTS，将主要天线210a耦合到UMTS/GSM接收器430b，且将分集天线210b耦合到GSM/UMTS接收器430a。接收器430a及430b两者均是可操作的，且分别处理从天线210b及210a 接收的信号。 
图5显示接收器530的实施例的方块图。接收器530可用作GSM的主要接收器且也经设计以接收UMTS。接收器530可用于图2中的GSM/UMTS接收器230b、图3中的GSM接收器330a及图4中的GSM/UMTS接收器430a。 
在接收器530内，低噪声放大器(LNA)532接收并以固定或可变增益放大RF输入信号(Sin_a)且提供经放大信号。所述Sin_a可以是图2到图4中的Sin1或Sin2信号。下变频器536使用来自LO发生器538的本机振荡器(LO)信号对经放大信号下变频并提供经下变频信号。所述LO信号的频率经选择以将所关注的RF信道中的信号分量下变频到基带或接近基带。对于GSM来说，频带覆盖许多RF信道，且每一RF信道均具有200KHz的带宽。对于UMTS来说，频带也覆盖许多RF信道。每一RF信道均具有3.84MHz的带宽，但RF信道之间的间距为5MHz。 
低通滤波器(LPF)540对经下变频的信号滤波以使所关注的RF信道中的信号分量通过并去除可由下变频过程产生的噪声及不合需要的信号。为衰减干扰，低通滤波器540可设计有相对急剧的滚降。如果不充分地衰减这些干扰，则其可占据随后的ADC的动态范围的大部分。可以各种滤波器类型(例如，巴特沃思(Butterworth)滤波器、椭圆滤波器、契比雪夫(Chebychev)滤波器等)来实施低通滤波器540，以适当的滤波器顺序及带宽，且使用充足的偏压电流以满足线性及动态范围需求。低通滤波器540提供经滤波基带信号。VGA 542放大并缓冲所述经滤波基带信号且提供输出基带信号(Sout_a)，所述输出基带信号可以是图2到图4中的Sout1或Sout2信号。 
在一实施例中，接收器530仅用于接收GSM。在此实施例中，接收器530中的电路块可经专门设计以用于GSM。低通滤波器540可具有用于一个GSM RF信道的固定带宽。LO发生器538可在所支持GSM RF信道的任一者处提供所述1、0信号。所述电路块可经设计以提供GSM所要求的线性及动态范围。 
在另一实施例中，接收器530用于接收GSM及UMTS两者。在此实施例中，接收器530中的电路块可经设计以符合GSM的规范且仍能够接收UMTS。低通滤波器540可以是可调谐滤波器，其具有可调节带宽：在接收GSM时为用于一个GSM RF信道的100KHz，或在接收UMTS时为用于一个UMTS RF信道的1.92MHz。所述滤波器带宽是所述RF信道带宽的一半。LO发生器538可在所支持GSM及UMTS RF信道的任一者处提供LO信号。 
图6显示接收器630的实施例的方块图。接收器630可用作UMTS的主要接收器，且也可经设计以接收GSM。接收器630可用于图2中的UMTS接收器230a、图3中的UMTS/GSM接收器330b及图4中的UMTS/GSM接收器430b。 
在接收器630内，LNA 632接收并以固定或可变增益放大RF输入信号(Sin_b)且提供经放大信号。所述Sin b信号可以是图2到图4中的Sin1或Sin2信号。 
带通滤波器(BPF)634对经放大信号滤波以使所关注的频带中的信号分量通过 并去除带外噪声及不合需要的信号。UMTS是其中可在两个频率范围上同时传输及接收信号的全双工系统，如表1中所示。因此，一终端可在上行链路上传输经RF调制信号且同时在下行链路上接收RF输入信号。所述终端所传输的经RF调制信号通常比所接收RF输入信号的振幅大许多。带通滤波器634可使整个接收频率范围(例如，蜂窝频带的从869MHz到894MHz)的RF分量通过，且可抑制传输频率范围(例如，蜂窝频带的824MHz到849MHz)的RF分量。带通滤波器634可具有与所关注的频带中的整个接收频率范围相对应的通带。由于所传输及接收信号电平中潜在的较大差异，为满足系统需求，带通滤波器634提供大量的带外抑制。可以表面声波(SAW)滤波器来实施带通滤波器634，所述表面声波滤波器具有急剧的滚降且通常用于要求大量衰减带外信号的应用。还可以陶瓷滤波器或某一其它类型的滤波器来实施带通滤波器634。也可省去带通滤波器634。 
下变频器636、LO发生器638、低通滤波器640及VGA 642可以上文针对图5所描述的方式来处理来自带通滤波器634的经滤波信号。VGA 642提供输出基带信号(Sout_b)，所述输出基带信号可以是图2到图4中的Sout1或Sout2信号。 
在一实施例中，接收器630仅用于接收UMTS。在此实施例中，接收器630中的电路块可经专门设计以用于UMTS。低通滤波器640可具有用于一个UMTS RF信道的固定带宽。在另一实施例中，接收器630用于接收UMTS及GSM两者。在此实施例中，接收器630中的电路块可经设计以符合UMTS的规范且仍能够接收GSM。低通滤波器640可以是具有可调整带宽的可调谐滤波器，在接收UMTS时可用于一个UMTS RF信道，且在接收GSM时可用于一个GSM RF信道。 
图5及图6显示两个接收器设计的特殊设计，通常接收器可实施超外差架构或直接基带架构。在所述超外差架构中，以多个级对RF输入信号下变频，例如，在一个级中自RF下变频到中频(IF)，且然后在另一级中从IF下变频到基带。在图5及图6中所示的直接基带架构中，在一个级中将RF输入信号从RF直接下变频到基带。所述超外差及直接基带架构可使用不同的电路块且/或具有不同的电路需求。 
一般来说，接收器可使用一个或一个以上的级对放大器、滤波器、混合器等执行信号调节。接收器可包含图5及图6中未显示的不同及/或额外的电路块。例如，可将额外的放大器插入到下变频器536及636之前。此外，所述电路块可与图5及图6所示的布置不同地布置。例如，可分别用VGA 542及642来换掉低通滤波器540及640。 
图7A显示开关及滤波器单元220a的方块图，开关及滤波器单元220a是图2到图4中的单元220的实施例。在单元220a内，RF开关712a的输入耦合到主要天线210a、其第一输出耦合到GSM传输器、第二输出耦合到双工器714且第三输出耦合到带通滤波器716。RF开关712b的输入耦合到分集天线210b、第一输出耦合到双工器714且第二输出耦合到带通滤波器716。双工器714的另一输入耦合到UMTS传输器且其输出耦合到接收器630。带通滤波器716对从RF开关712a或712b接收的RF信号滤波，以使所关注的频带中的信号分量通过并向接收器530提供RF输入信号。 带通滤波器716可使所关注的频带的整个接收频率范围通过，且可视频带而定以具有10MHz到75MHz的带宽，如表1所示。可以SAW滤波器、陶瓷滤波器或某一其它类型的滤波器来实施带通滤波器716。 
UMTS是其中同时传输并在不同频率范围上接收信号的全双工系统。为传输/接收UMTS，RF开关712a将主要天线210a耦合到双工器714。双工器714将经RF调制信号从UMTS传输器路由到主要天线210a，且进一步将所接收的RF信号从所述主要天线路由到UMTS接收器630。双工器714还对所接收的RF信号执行滤波。RF开关712b将分集天线210b耦合到带通滤波器716。接收器630处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供用于UMTS的主要输出基带信号(PRX UMTS)。接收器530处理来自分集天线210b的Drx信号并提供用于UMTS的分集输出基带信号(DRX UMTS)。 
GSM是其中在不同时间间隔中传输及接收信号的半双工系统。为传输/接收GSM，RF开关712a在适当的时间将主要天线210a耦合在GSM传输器与GSM接收器530的带通滤波器716之间。RF开关712b将分集天线210b耦合到双工器714。接收器530处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供GSM的主要输出基带信号(PRX GSM)。接收器630处理来自分集天线210b的Drx信号并提供GSM的分集输出基带信号(DRXGSM)。 
图7B显示开关及滤波器单元220b的方块图，开关及滤波器单元220b是图2到图4中的单元220的另一实施例。在单元220b内，RF开关712c的输入耦合到主要天线210a、其第一输出耦合到GSM传输器且第二输出耦合到双工器714。分集天线210b直接耦合到带通滤波器716。 
为传输/接收UMTS，RF开关712c将主要天线210a耦合到双工器714，双工器714将UMTS传输器及主要接收器730a耦合到主要天线。接收器730a处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供PRX UMTS。接收器730b处理来自分集天线210b的Drx信号并提供DRX UMTS。为传输/接收GSM，RF开关712c在适当的时间将主要天线210a耦合在GSM传输器与双工器714之间。接收器730a处理Prx信号并提供PRXGSM。接收器730b处理Drx信号并提供DRX GSM。 
在图7A及图7B所示的实施例中，双工器714使UMTS及GSM两者的所接收RF信号通过，且带通滤波器716也使UMTS及GSM两者的所接收RF信号通过。在图7A所示的实施例中，接收器630是用于UMTS的主要接收器及用于GSM的分集接收器，且接收器530是用于GSM的主要接收器及用于UMTS的分集接收器。接收器630可符合UMTS的规范，且接收器530可符合GSM的规范。在图7B所示的实施例中，接收器730a是用于UMTS及GSM两者的主要接收器，且接收器730b是用于UMTS及GSM两者的分集接收器。接收器730a可符合UMTS及GSM两者的规范。 
图8A显示开关及滤波器单元220c的方块图，开关及滤波器单元220c是图2到图4中的单元220的又一实施例。单元220c支持三个频带上的操作，所述频带可以是任何的表1中列出的频带及/或其它频带。在单元220c内，RF开关812a的输入耦合 到主要天线210a、其两个输出耦合到两个频带的两个GSM传输器、另外三个输出耦合到三个频带的双工器814a、814b及814c且又三个输出耦合到三个频带的带通滤波器(BPF)818a、818b及818c。RF开关812b的输入耦合到分集天线210b且其三个输出耦合到用于三个频带的带通滤波器816a、816b及816c。 
为在既定的所需频带上传输/接收UMTS，RF开关812a将主要天线210a耦合到用于所需频带的双工器814，双工器814将UMTS传输器及接收器830a耦合到所述主要天线。RF开关812b将分集天线210b耦合到所需频带的带通滤波器816，带通滤波器816进一步耦合到接收器830b。接收器830a处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供PRX UMTS。接收器830b处理来自分集天线210b的Drx信号并提供DRX UMTS。 
为在既定的所需频带上传输/接收GSM，RF开关812a将主要天线210a耦合在用于所需频带的GSM传输器及带通滤波器818之间。RF开关812b将分集天线210b耦合到用于所需频带的带通滤波器816。接收器830b处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供PRX GSM。接收器830a处理来自分集天线210b的Drx信号并提供DRXGSM。 
图8B显示开关及滤波器单元220d的方块图，开关及滤波器单元220d是图2到图4中的单元220的又一实施例。单元220d支持四个频带上的操作，所述频带可以是表1中所列出的频带及/或其它频带中的任四者。在单元220d内，RF开关812c的输入耦合到主要天线210a、其两个输出耦合到用于两个频带的两个GSM传输器且另外四个输出耦合到用于四个频带的双工器814a、814b、814c及814d。RF开关812d的输入耦合到分集天线210b且其四个输出耦合到四个频带的带通滤波器816a、816b、816c及816d。 
为在既定的所需频带上传输/接收UMTS，RF开关812c将主要天线210a耦合到所需频带的双工器814，双工器814将UMTS传输器及接收器830c耦合到主要天线。RF开关812d将分集天线210b耦合到用于所需频带的带通滤波器816，带通滤波器816进一步耦合到接收器830d。接收器830c处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供PRXUMTS。处理器830d处理来自主要天线210b的Drx信号并提供DRX UMTS。 
为在既定的所需频带上传输/接收GSM，RF开关812c将主要天线210a耦合在用于所需频带的GSM传输器与双工器814之间。RF开关812d将分集天线210b耦合到用于所需频带的带通滤波器816。接收器830c处理来自主要天线210a的Prx信号并提供PRX GSM。接收器830d处理来自分集天线210b的Drx信号并提供DRX GSM。 
在图8A所示的实施例中，双工器814a到814c使UMTS的所接收RF信号通过，带通滤波器818a到818c使GSM的所接收RF信号通过，且带通滤波器816a到816c使UMTS及GSM两者的所接收RF信号通过。接收器830a是用于UMTS的主要接收器及用于GSM的分集接收器，且接收器830b是用于GSM的主要接收器及用于UMTS的分集接收器。接收器830a可符合UMTS的规范，且接收器830b可符合GSM的规范。在图8B所示的实施例中，双工器814a到814d使UMTS及GSM两者的所接收 RF信号通过，且带通滤波器816a到816d也使UMTS及GSM两者的所接收RF信号通过。接收器830c是UMTS及GSM两者的主要接收器，且接收器830d是这两者的分集接收器。接收器830c可符合UMTS及GSM两者的规范。 
图9显示由终端执行以接收GSM及UMTS的过程900的实施例。所述终端具有用于GSM的第一接收器及用于UMTS的第二接收器。所述第一接收器可支持或可不支持UMTS，且所述第二接收器可支持或可不支持GSM。所述终端支持用于GSM及/或UMTS的接收分集。 
所述终端选择接收GSM或UMTS(方块910)。如果如方块912中所确定选择GSM，则用于GSM的第一接收器耦合到主要天线(方块920)且经启用以接收GSM(方块922)。如果如方块924中所确定，第二接收器也支持GSM(例如，图3及图4所示的实施例中)，则第二接收器耦合到分集天线(方块926)且经启用以接收GSM(方块928)。 
如果如方块912中所确定选择UMTS，则用于UMTS的第二接收器耦合到主要天线(方块930)且经启用以接收UMTS(方块932)。如果如方块934中所确定，第一接收器也支持UMTS(例如，图2及图4所示实施例中)，则第一接收器耦合到分集天线(方块936)且经启用以接收UMTS(方块938)。 
每一系统的主要接收器通常均经设计以符合规范。为满足最坏情形的操作状态的线性及动态范围需求，此通常必须以充足的偏压电流使接收器中的电路块偏压，所述操作状态通常与所需的较低信号电平及较大干扰电平相对应。然而，最差情形的状态通常不会遇到，且在这种情况下，为减小功率消耗，可以较低的偏压电流来操作主要接收器。可使用一个或一个以上检测器来确定操作状态，例如，来检测所需信号电平及/或干扰电平。可基于所检测的操作状态来调整接收器的偏压电流。 
当同时操作用于接收分集的两个接收器时，可以较低偏压电流操作辅助接收器以减小功率消耗。接收分集通常依赖于主要及辅助天线在某种程度上彼此不关联，因此当一个天线深度衰落时，另一天线不会也深度衰落。因此，当主要天线深度衰落时，分集天线通常不会深度衰落，且辅助接收器正处理不算弱的所接收的信号且然后可以较低偏压电流操作。 
也可基于所检测的主要接收器的操作状态来启用或停用接收分集。例如，只要检测到主要接收器的所需信号电平较低即可启用接收分集，否则可停用接收分集。 
为清晰起见，已针对GSM及UMTS具体地描述了分集接收器。所述分集接收器也可用于其它系统。所述分集接收器可设计有(1)第一接收器，其用于接收一个或一个以上TDMA系统且可能接收一个或一个以上CDMA系统及(2)第二接收器，其用于接收所述一个或一个以上CDMA系统且可能接收所述一个或一个以上TDMA系统。所述TDMA系统可包含GSM及/或其它TDMA系统。所述CDMA可包含W-CDMA、cdma2000及/或其它CDMA系统。例如，分集接收器可支持GSM及1x的组合、UMTS及1x的组合、GSM、UMTS及1x的组合等。图5中的低通滤波器540及图6中的低 通滤波器640可设计有可调整带宽：用于一个GSM RF信道的100KHz的带宽、用于一个W-CDMA RF信道的1.92MHz的带宽及/或用于一个1x RF信道的610KHz的带宽。 
所述分集接收器的全部或大部分可实施于一个或一个以上RF集成电路(RFIC)上。例如，除SAW滤波器之外，开关及滤波器部分及接收器可实施于一个或一个以上RFIC上。也可以各种IC工艺技术来制造分集接收器，例如，互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)、双极结晶体管(BJT)、双极CMOS(BiCMOS)、锗化硅(SiGe)、砷化镓(GaAs)等。还可以离散电路组件来实施所述分集接收器。 
提供所揭示实施例的先前说明以使所属技术领域中的技术人员能够做出或使用本发明。对这些实施例的各种修改对于所属技术领域中的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，且可在不背离本发明精神或范围的情况下将本文中所界定的一般原理应用于其它实施例。因此，本发明并不打算限定为本文所示实施例，而应符合与本文所揭示原理及新颖特征相一致的最大范围。 

Claims (27)

1.一种用于无线通信的分集接收的设备，其包括：
第一接收器，其用于通用移动电信系统(UMTS)；
第二接收器，其用于全球移动通信系统(GSM)及UMTS；及
耦合单元，其经配置以在接收UMTS时将所述第一接收器耦合到主要天线且将所述第二接收器耦合到分集天线，在接收GSM时将所述第二接收器耦合到所述主要天线。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第一接收器包括带通滤波器，以衰减UMTS的传输频率范围。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第二接收器包括低通滤波器，所述低通滤波器具有可针对GSM及UMTS调整的带宽。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备，其中所述低通滤波器被设定为用于GSM的100KHz的带宽或被设定为用于UMTS的1.92MHz的带宽。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第二接收器在接收GSM时以全偏压电流操作，且在接收UMTS时以减小的偏压电流操作。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第一接收器符合UMTS的规范且所述第二接收器符合GSM的规范。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述主要天线及分集天线是两种不同类型的天线，其中所述主要天线比所述分集天线具有更好的性能。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述耦合单元包括
开关，其经配置以将所述主要天线耦合到所述第一或第二接收器。
9.如权利要求8所述的设备，其中所述耦合单元进一步包括：
双工器，其耦合在所述开关与所述第一接收器之间；及
带通滤波器，其耦合在所述开关与所述第二接收器之间。
10.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第二接收器包括用于GSM及UMTS两者的下变频器。
11.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第二接收器包括用于GSM及UMTS两者的低噪声放大器(LNA)。
12.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中所述第二接收器包括用于GSM及UMTS两者的可变增益放大器(VGA)。
13.如权利要求1所述的设备，其进一步包括：
至少一个检测器，其经配置以确定所述设备的操作状态；及
控制器，其经配置以基于所述确定的操作状态来控制所述第一及第二接收器的操作。
14.一种用于无线通信的分集接收的设备，其包括：
用于接收通用移动电信系统(UMTS)的装置；
用于使用至少一个共用电路块接收全球移动通信系统(GSM)及UMTS的装置；及
用于将主要天线耦合到用于接收UMTS的装置和用于接收GSM及UMTS的装置，以及用于在接收UMTS时将分集天线耦合到用于接收GSM和UMTS的耦合装置。
15.如权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述用于接收GSM及UMTS的装置包括滤波装置，其使用可针对GSM及UMTS调整的带宽进行滤波。
16.一种用于无线通信的分集接收的设备，其包括：
第一接收器，其用于全球移动通信系统(GSM)；
第二接收器，其用于通用移动电信系统(UMTS)及GSM；及
耦合单元，其经配置以在接收GSM时将所述第一接收器耦合到主要天线且将所述第二接收器耦合到分集天线，且在接收UMTS时将所述第二接收器耦合到所述主要天线。
17.如权利要求16所述的设备，其中所述第二接收器包括低通滤波器，所述低通滤波器具有可针对UMTS及GSM调整的带宽。
18.如权利要求16所述的设备，其中所述第一接收器符合GSM的规范且所述第二接收器符合UMTS的规范。
19.如权利要求16所述的设备，其中所述耦合单元包括开关，其经配置以将所述主要天线耦合到所述第一或第二接收器。
20.如权利要求19所述的设备，其中所述耦合单元进一步包括带通滤波器，其耦合在所述开关与所述第一接收器之间；及
双工器，其耦合在所述开关与所述第二接收器之间。
21.一种用于无线通信的分集接收的设备，其包括：
第一接收器，其操作以接收全球移动通信系统(GSM)及通用移动电信系统(UMTS)；
第二接收器，其操作以接收UMTS及GSM，其中所述第一及第二接收器操作以提供用于UMTS及GSM的接收分集；及
第一开关，其操作以将主要天线耦合到所述第一或第二接收器中的一个上；及
第二开关，其操作以将分集天线耦合到所述第一或第二接收器的另一个上。
22.如权利要求21所述的设备，其中所述第一接收器符合GSM的规范且所述第二接收器符合UMTS的规范。
23.如权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述第一接收器不符合UMTS的规范且所述第二接收器不符合GSM的规范。
24.如权利要求21所述的设备，
其中所述第一接收器包括第一低通滤波器，所述第一低通滤波器具有可针对GSM及UMTS调整的带宽，且
其中所述第二接收器包括第二低通滤波器，所述第二低通滤波器具有可针对UMTS及GSM调整的带宽。
25.如权利要求21所述的设备，其中所述第一及第二接收器可操作用于多个频带。
26.一种用于无线通信的分集接收的方法，其包括：
选择接收全球移动通信系统(GSM)或通用移动电信系统(UMTS)；
如果选择GSM，则启用第一接收器与主要天线耦合以接收GSM且在第二接收器支持的情况下启用所述第二接收器与分集天线耦合以接收GSM；
如果选择UMTS，则启用所述第二接收器与所述主要天线耦合以接收UMTS且在第一接收器支持的情况下启用所述第一接收器与所述分集天线耦合以接收UMTS。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法，其进一步包括：
如果选择GSM，则将所述第一接收器耦合到主要天线；且
如果选择UMTS，则将所述第二接收器耦合到所述主要天线。
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US20070242784A1 (en) 2007-10-18
HUE035788T2 (en) 2018-05-28
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CN101326732A (zh) 2008-12-17
ES2656435T3 (es) 2018-02-27

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